Article(id=1245373260938981600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245373256329441426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1649260800000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-07, revisedDate=1653667200000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774849723324, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774849723324, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774849723324, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774849723324, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245373256329441426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='236', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774849722225, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774851286407, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245379817042981204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245373256329441426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245379817042981205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245373256329441426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=168, endPage=177, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245373261345829100, articleId=1245373260938981600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Analysis of dynamic characteristics of nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness seismic isolation system for cultural relics, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to realize the safety protection of floating cultural relics during earthquakes, a nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness isolation system is analyzed. The stiffness model and the motion balance equation of the isolation system were established, and the harmonic balance method and Newton iterative method were used for theoretical analysis, and the fourth-order R-K method was used for numerical analysis of the motion balance equation under harmonic excitation and ground motion excitation. The theoretical analysis results show that the nonlinear quasi zero stiffness of cultural relics of the isolation system under harmonic excitation, outer excitation frequency is low frequency phase, the response of the system is unstable region, therefore, if the rigidity and damping ratio of the system is improved the unstable area and peak amplitude response of the system will be reduced, and make it tend to be characteristic of the linear vibration isolation system. Increasing the damping ratio can reduce the effective initial frequency of the isolation system, but increasing the damping ratio in the effective frequency band will increase the transfer coefficient of the system. Increasing the spring stiffness will increase the effective initial frequency of the isolation system, but reduce the amplitude response of the system in the low frequency stage, but increase the transfer coefficient of the system in the effective frequency band of the isolation system. Numerical analysis shows that there are only two stable solutions in the unstable region, and the response state of the system is related to the initial state of the system. The system can significantly reduce the acceleration response of input ground motion under the action of actual ground motion excitation. The damping coefficient of the isolation system is insensitive to the change of the input peak value of the ground motion with less long period components, but is sensitive to the change of the input peak value of the ground motion with more long period components, indicating that the isolation performance of the system is better for the short period ground motion, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis results under the action of simple harmonic excitation.

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为实现地震时浮放文物的安全防护,对一种非线性准零刚度隔震系统进行动力分析。构建隔震系统的刚度模型与运动平衡方程,使用谐波平衡法与牛顿迭代联合法进行理论分析,并使用四阶龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta,R-K)数值分析法对运动平衡方程在简谐激励和地震动激励作用下进行数值分析。结果表明:非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统在简谐激励作用下,在外激励频率为低频阶段时,系统的响应存在不稳定区域,提高系统的阻尼比和刚度都会降低系统的不稳定区域范围以及系统的振幅响应峰值,使其趋于线性隔震系统的特征;增加系统的阻尼比可以降低隔震系统的有效起始频率,但在隔震有效频带范围内增加系统的阻尼比会使系统的传递系数增大;增加弹簧刚度会增大隔震系统有效初始频率,但可以降低系统在低频阶段的振幅响应,但在隔震系统有效频带范围内会增大系统的传递系数。数值分析表明隔震系统在不稳定区域范围内只存在2个稳定解,系统的响应状态与系统初始状态相关;系统在实际地震动激励作用下能显著降低输入地震动的加速度响应;隔震系统的减震系数对于长周期成分较少的地震动输入峰值变化不敏感,但对于长周期成分较多的地震动输入峰值变化较为敏感,表明系统对于短周期地震动的隔震性能更好,与在简谐激励作用下的理论分析结果一致。

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柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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孙刚(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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Input information of ground motion

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地震动矩震级台站信息
卧龙8.0051WCW
CDMG
STATION
Northridge6.724278
Taft Lincoln School
Taft7.36
El Centro7.1
人工
Chi-Chi7.6CU122
), ArticleFig(id=1245373280404746444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373260938981600, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地震动记录信息

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地震动矩震级台站信息
卧龙8.0051WCW
CDMG
STATION
Northridge6.724278
Taft Lincoln School
Taft7.36
El Centro7.1
人工
Chi-Chi7.6CU122
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非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统动力特性分析
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孙刚 1, 2 , 柏文 1, 2 , 戴君武 1, 2 , 蔡粮锴 1, 2 , 赵守江 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(1): 168-177
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(1): 168-177
非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统动力特性分析
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孙刚1, 2 , 柏文1, 2 , 戴君武1, 2, 蔡粮锴1, 2, 赵守江3
作者信息
  • 1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 3.故宫博物院,北京 100009
  • 孙刚(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
Analysis of dynamic characteristics of nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness seismic isolation system for cultural relics
Gang SUN1, 2 , Wen BAI1, 2 , Junwu DAI1, 2, Liangkai CAI1, 2, Shoujiang ZHAO3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3.The Palace Museum, Beijing 100009, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0116
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为实现地震时浮放文物的安全防护,对一种非线性准零刚度隔震系统进行动力分析。构建隔震系统的刚度模型与运动平衡方程,使用谐波平衡法与牛顿迭代联合法进行理论分析,并使用四阶龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta,R-K)数值分析法对运动平衡方程在简谐激励和地震动激励作用下进行数值分析。结果表明:非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统在简谐激励作用下,在外激励频率为低频阶段时,系统的响应存在不稳定区域,提高系统的阻尼比和刚度都会降低系统的不稳定区域范围以及系统的振幅响应峰值,使其趋于线性隔震系统的特征;增加系统的阻尼比可以降低隔震系统的有效起始频率,但在隔震有效频带范围内增加系统的阻尼比会使系统的传递系数增大;增加弹簧刚度会增大隔震系统有效初始频率,但可以降低系统在低频阶段的振幅响应,但在隔震系统有效频带范围内会增大系统的传递系数。数值分析表明隔震系统在不稳定区域范围内只存在2个稳定解,系统的响应状态与系统初始状态相关;系统在实际地震动激励作用下能显著降低输入地震动的加速度响应;隔震系统的减震系数对于长周期成分较少的地震动输入峰值变化不敏感,但对于长周期成分较多的地震动输入峰值变化较为敏感,表明系统对于短周期地震动的隔震性能更好,与在简谐激励作用下的理论分析结果一致。

非线性准零刚度系统  /  文物  /  隔震  /  地震  /  传递系数

In order to realize the safety protection of floating cultural relics during earthquakes, a nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness isolation system is analyzed. The stiffness model and the motion balance equation of the isolation system were established, and the harmonic balance method and Newton iterative method were used for theoretical analysis, and the fourth-order R-K method was used for numerical analysis of the motion balance equation under harmonic excitation and ground motion excitation. The theoretical analysis results show that the nonlinear quasi zero stiffness of cultural relics of the isolation system under harmonic excitation, outer excitation frequency is low frequency phase, the response of the system is unstable region, therefore, if the rigidity and damping ratio of the system is improved the unstable area and peak amplitude response of the system will be reduced, and make it tend to be characteristic of the linear vibration isolation system. Increasing the damping ratio can reduce the effective initial frequency of the isolation system, but increasing the damping ratio in the effective frequency band will increase the transfer coefficient of the system. Increasing the spring stiffness will increase the effective initial frequency of the isolation system, but reduce the amplitude response of the system in the low frequency stage, but increase the transfer coefficient of the system in the effective frequency band of the isolation system. Numerical analysis shows that there are only two stable solutions in the unstable region, and the response state of the system is related to the initial state of the system. The system can significantly reduce the acceleration response of input ground motion under the action of actual ground motion excitation. The damping coefficient of the isolation system is insensitive to the change of the input peak value of the ground motion with less long period components, but is sensitive to the change of the input peak value of the ground motion with more long period components, indicating that the isolation performance of the system is better for the short period ground motion, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis results under the action of simple harmonic excitation.

nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness system  /  cultural relics  /  isolation  /  earthquake  /  transfer coefficient
孙刚, 柏文, 戴君武, 蔡粮锴, 赵守江. 非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统动力特性分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (1) : 168 -177 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0116
Gang SUN, Wen BAI, Junwu DAI, Liangkai CAI, Shoujiang ZHAO. Analysis of dynamic characteristics of nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness seismic isolation system for cultural relics[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (1) : 168 -177 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0116
文物是一个国家宝贵的历史遗产和悠久文化的体现,保护意义重大。近几十年来,地震活动频繁,由于建筑结构和馆藏文物的防震能力不足使文物遭受巨大损失。1995年,日本兵库县南部发生7.2级地震时,博物馆和美术馆的展示资料和收藏资料因展示箱和收藏架等移动而损毁[1]。2004年,日本新潟县发生6.8级地震,十日町市博物馆和长冈市立科学博物馆陶器文物半数以上损坏[2]。2007年,凯法利尼亚岛地区发生5.9级地震,阿尔戈斯托利考博物馆内的馆藏文物因倾覆、滑动和撞击而严重受损[3]。2008年,我国发生汶川8.0级地震,四川省内文博单位受损的可移动文物共计4379件(套)[4-6]
国内外对浮放文物采用的传统抗震方法主要为:纯浮放、降低重心法、侧支法、胶粘法、卡固法、栓线法和减震法[7]。随着文保意识的不断提高,国内外的研究学者对浮放文物隔震措施展开了一系列的研究和探索。YUSUKE等[2]采用防震胶粘垫用于文物抗震,并进行了振动台试验,试验表明防震胶粘垫可以有效防止试件的掉落。BERTO等[8]改进用于建筑物的双曲面滑块隔震装置,研发了用于轻小型物体的双曲面滑块隔震装置,物体的振动周期只取决于曲面的等效半径,与物体的质量无关。MYSLIMAJ等[9]对滚轮式文物隔震装置进行了振动台试验研究,滚轮式文物隔震装置可以有效降低对输入加速度的传递。ONEM等[10]研发了滚珠式文物隔震装置,对其进行了计算机模拟和振动台试验,证明其良好的隔震性能。
目前非线性隔振理论和应用愈发广泛。非线性隔震系统包括阻尼非线性系统和刚度非线性系统。准零刚度隔震就是一种特殊的刚度非线性系统,能够很好地解决线性系统隔震起始频率和承载力之间的矛盾[11]。ALABUZHEV等[12]在1989年首次引入准零刚度概念,讨论了准零刚度理论在隔振装置上的应用,并提出了多种准零刚度隔振器的设计方案。WINTERFLOOD等[13]提出了一种对称扭杆弹簧隔振系统模型,其基本原理是利用2个对称的扭杆弹簧系统产生的几何非线性效应来实现长的共振周期。CARRELLA等[14-17]提出了由一个竖直放置的线性弹簧与2个斜向放置的线性弹簧并联的准零刚度隔震装置,研究了该装置的静力特性及其在平衡位置附近的隔振性能,当2个斜向放置的线性弹簧的放置角度为48°~57°范围内时,该隔震装置的力-位移曲线变化率最小。YANG等[18]研究了由一个竖直放置的线性弹簧与2个在轴向荷载作用下互相铰接的水平杆并联的准零刚度隔震系统的动力学特性和功率谱特性,并通过调整参数限制最大位移和消除共振项。刘兴天等[19-20]、HUANG等[21]使用屈曲欧拉梁负刚度调节机构和线性隔振器并联,设计了一种准零刚度隔振器,研究了激励幅值、阻尼比和非线性项对系统频响曲线和隔震性能的影响。徐道临等[22-23]、余平奇[24]设计了一种非线性磁力准零刚度隔振器,其采用对称布置的连杆永久磁铁结构作为具有负刚度的磁力弹簧并联线性正刚度弹簧。
本文通过引入与滑轨垂直且水平放置的线性弹簧构成非线性刚度系统,在平衡位置处对非线性刚度系统进行刚度调节,使系统在平衡位置及其附近位置拥有极低的动态刚度,从而降低了隔震系统的起始隔震频率,新的非线性隔震系统相比线性隔震系统拥有更宽的隔震频率范围。
非线性准零刚度文物系统如图1所示,由上下盖板和中间层构成。
上下2个盖板各固定一组导轨副,2组导轨副呈正交放置,每组导轨中间各有一根丝杠,丝杠两端固定在盖板上。中间层通过丝杠与上下盖板连接,可沿丝杠和导轨副方向自由滑动。在垂直于丝杠方向,上下盖板与中间层各由2根水平弹簧连接。在外激励作用下,上盖板即可随着中间层沿着下盖板上的丝杠与导轨副方向运动,也可沿着自身的丝杠与导轨副方向运动,实现上盖板的双向运动,该系统的恢复力由与导轨副正交放置的弹簧提供,阻尼力由旋转阻尼器提供。该阻尼机构主要由丝杠、螺母和旋转阻尼器构成,如图2所示。阻尼机构产生的阻尼力为
式中:α为扭矩系数(N•mm•s);f为旋转频率(Hz);r为丝杠半径(mm)。丝杠的螺旋线运动可简化为直线运动和圆周运动的合成,得到不同位移时cot θ的值[25],从而得到阻尼力为
式中:x为系统的位移(mm);P0为中间导程(mm);P1为末端导程(mm);h为丝杠螺纹长度的一半(mm);v为线速度(mm/s)。
系统的阻尼系数为
通过改变旋转阻尼器规格或丝杠导程可以调整阻尼力大小,实现系统的阻尼参数可变可调。
非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统可简化为如图3所示,质量为m的物体由2个刚度系数均为k,长度为L的弹簧铰接连接且仅能沿着光滑螺纹杆方向移动,同时带动螺纹杆转动,通过调节端部旋转阻尼器实现可调节阻尼。
在外力作用下,隔震系统的恢复力与位移的关系为
式中:K为弹簧刚度(N/mm);x为滑块位移(mm);l为弹簧长度(mm)。
隔震系统的刚度为
x = 0时,系统处于平衡状态时,系统的刚度为0,即该系统为准零刚度系统。令弹簧的刚度K分别为5、10、15、20 N/mm,由式(4)和式(5)可得,隔震系统的恢复力-位移曲线和刚度特性曲线分别如图4图5所示。
当系统偏离平衡位置时,隔震系统的恢复力与位移为非线性关系,刚度与位移也为非线性关系,即该隔震系统为准零刚度非线性系统。
在简谐激励F = Acosω1t作用下,建立隔震系统的动力学方程为
式中:m为文物质量;c为隔震系统阻尼;A为简谐激励的幅值;ω1为简谐激励的频率。取y = x/lB = A/ml,则式(6)可化为
y = 0处进行泰勒公式展开得
,由图6可知,在y的取值范围内近似相等,故将式(8)代入式(7)得
式(9)为强非线性非自治系统的运动方程,为二阶强非线性微分方程。传统的摄动求解方法如,一般平均法,多尺度法及L-P法只适用于杜芬方程,即非线性项系数很小[26-28]。当非线性项系数增大时,摄动解的误差增大甚至失效,故传统摄动求解方法不适用于二阶强非线性微分方程。本文采用谐波平衡法求出第一近似解,在第一近似解的基础上采用牛顿迭代法求出第二近似解[27]。对比第二近似解和数值解,取ω1 = 2,ω0 = 1,ξ = 0.05,B = 2,如图7所示。
图7可知,第二近似解和数值解基本吻合,表明第二近似解有足够的精度代替数值解,故可以使用第二近似解分析阻尼、弹簧刚度以及外激励幅值对系统隔震性能的影响。取ω0 = 2,B = 2,ξ为0.1、0.2、0.3及k为4、9、16 N/m的幅频响应曲线如图8图9所示,图中横纵坐标为以2为底数的对数坐标。
图8图9可知,该隔震系统在激励幅值保持不变时,增大激励频率,隔震系统的响应振幅将逐渐增大,当激励频率增大至一定值时,振幅出现降幅跳跃,然后振幅随着激励频率增大而逐渐减小。其中跳跃阶段为隔震系统的不稳定区域。随着阻尼比的增大,中频阶段的隔震系统的振幅响应呈现降低现象,且不稳定区域也逐渐减小,趋于线性隔震系统的幅频特性,但基本不改变低频阶段和高频阶段振幅响应。增大弹簧的刚度,可以降低该隔震系统在低频阶段振幅响应,且不稳定区域也逐渐减小,趋于线性隔震系统的幅频特性,但对于高频阶段的振幅响应仍没有明显作用。
则隔震系统的传力系数为
式中D1为利用谐波平衡法与牛顿迭代法联合求出的系统在简谐激励作用下的振幅。令ξ为0.1、0.15、0.2,B为1、2、3的ω10-TRk为4、9、16 N/m的ω1-TR关系曲线,如图10~图12所示,图中横纵坐标为以2为底数的对数坐标。
图10~图12可知,传力系数同幅频曲线有着相同的变化趋势,均存在不稳定区域。随着阻尼比的增加,隔震系统的不稳定区域减小,隔震系统的传力系数逐渐减小,所以增加阻尼可以有效减小共振效应;但当传力系数小于1时,非线性准零刚度隔震系统阻尼比的改变对传力系数的影响与传统线性隔震系统一样,即传力系数小于1以后,增加阻尼比,反而不利于传力系数的降低。与传统线性隔震系统不同的是,不同阻尼比的非线性准零刚度隔震系统的传力系数为1时不是同一频率比,而是随着阻尼比的增大在更小的频率比实现传递系数小于1;然而对于传统线性隔震系统的传力系数为1时频率比始终为2,与阻尼比无关,表明在非线性准零刚度隔震系统中增加阻尼比,可以降低系统的初始隔震频率,进而扩大隔震系统的有效隔震频率范围。随着外激励振幅的增加,非线性准零刚度隔震系统的不稳定区域逐渐增大,当传递系数为1时所对应的频率比增大,表明增大外激励振幅,会降低隔震系统的有效隔震频率范围。随着非线性准零刚度隔震系统刚度的增加,共振时的传力系数逐渐降低,但当传递系数为1时所对应的频率比却在增大,表明增大系统刚度,会降低隔震系统的有效隔震频率范围。
主要采用四阶龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta,R-K)数值分析方法,考虑简谐振动和地震动2种激励,对非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统动力特性进行研究。
为了研究非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统在不稳定区域的振幅响应,取ω1 = 2,ω0 = 2.5,ξ = 0.1,B = 2。在不改变外激励的情况下,通过改变系统初始状态,改变激励作用,分别取(x0v0)为(0,0)、(2,0)和(3,0),其中x0为系统初始位置,v0为系统初始速度。使用四阶R-K法对式(9)求解,得到结果如图13所示。
图13可知,在隔震系统的不稳定区域范围内,可以实现2种不同幅值的稳态振动。采用理论分析方法确定的稳态幅频曲线图14所示,虽然显示系统在此状态下有3个解,但是根据克雷洛夫和博戈留博夫的稳定判据可以确定[29]ab段和cd段对应的是稳定解,bc段对应的是非稳定解,所以在此区域范围内,每一个外激励频率只对应2个稳定解。采用数值分析方法确定的2种稳态振动幅值,与采用理论分析得到的幅值一致,这也验证了理论分析的正确性。
为研究非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统在地震动激励作用下隔震特性,式(6)变为
式中为输入地震动。因该隔震系统在2个方向上的运动是相互独立的,故可以使用式(11)模拟该隔震系统在地震动作用下的响应。
本文选用了6条地震动记录,来进行非线性准零刚度隔震系统的动力时程分析。为研究不同类型地震动作用下隔震系统的隔震性能,故选取3条对于短周期结构不利的地震动:卧龙地震动,Northridge地震动,Taft地震动;1条对于中周期结构不利的地震动:El Centro地震动;1条对于长周期结构不利的地震动:Chi-Chi地震动[30];以及1条人造地震动记录,地震动对应的水平X向加速度反应谱如图15所示。地震动信息表如表1所示。
根据隔震系统实际参数,系统尺寸为500 mm,位移限值为250 mm,文物质量m = 2 kg,弹簧刚度为200 N/m,阻尼比ξ = 0.2,输入地震动峰值加速度统一按照0.1 g输入,使用四阶R-K法对式(11)迭代求解,得到结果如图16所示。
图16可知,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的加速度时程曲线均小于输入地震动的时程曲线,经过系统隔震,系统的峰值响应平均降低至地面输入的32.57%,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统可以有效地降低地震动的传递,形成对文物的保护。
输入地震动的峰值从0.1 g增加至1 g,研究非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的加速度响应峰值变化以及位移响应峰值变化,如图17图18所示。
图17可知,随着输入地震动峰值的增加,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的加速度响应峰值也随之增加,但对不同类型地震动的加速度响应增加程度不同。对于长周期成分较少的卧龙地震动的输入峰值变化不敏感,对于长周期成分较多的地震动输入峰值变化敏感,甚至当人工地震动输入峰值为1 g时,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统加速度响应峰值为1.06 g,大于输入地震动峰值,即系统对外部激励是呈现放大作用的。由图18可知,随着输入地震动峰值的增加,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的位移响应峰值也随之增加,但对不同类型的地震动的位移响应增加程度不同。长周期成分较多的地震动的位移响应峰值远大于长周期成分较少的地震动,但均小于非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的位移限值250 mm。
减震系数为
式中:为非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统加速度响应峰值;为输入地震动峰值。非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的减震系数随着输入地震动峰值的变化如图19所示。
图19可知,对于在长周期成分较少的卧龙地震动激励作用下,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的减震系数基本是稳定的,这与图11不同激励幅值的传递系数曲线变化是一致的,即对于高频激励,激励幅值的改变对传递系数没有影响;对于长周期成分较少地震动激励作用下,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的减震系数随着输入地震动峰值的增加而增加,其与图11不同激励幅值的传递系数曲线变化也是一致的,即对于低频激励,激励幅值越大,传递系数也越大。
非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的刚度主要取决于弹簧的刚度K和长度l,但当对式(6)归一化以后,由式(7)可知,弹簧长度l的变化对隔震系统的性能没有影响,所以仅需讨论弹簧刚度的变化对隔震系统在地震动激励作用下性能的影响。保持m不变,通过改变ω0的大小,实现对弹簧刚度K的改变。同时改变阻尼比ξ,探讨阻尼比对隔震系统的性能的影响。输入地震动为卧龙地震动,输入峰值为0.1 g,结果如图20所示。
图20可知,随着弹簧刚度的增加,隔震系统的传递系数在逐渐增加,且增长趋势逐渐趋于平缓,但始终小于1,表明随着弹簧刚度的增加,隔震系统的隔震性能在逐渐减弱,但始终保持隔震有效性。在弹簧刚度相同的情况下,随着阻尼比的增大,隔震系统的传递系数也随之变大。
本文提出了一种非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统,采用理论分析和数值方法,对其进行了动力特性分析,得到了以下结论:
1)非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统是通过弹簧与中间层形成的机构非线性变形实现,使其在平衡位置刚度为0,随着系统的运动增加,系统恢复力与刚度呈非线性增加。
2)基于谐波平衡与牛顿迭代联合方法,对简谐激励作用下的二阶非线性运动平衡方程求解可知,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的幅频曲线与传递系数曲线均存在不稳定区域,增大阻尼比可以降低不稳定区域,增大有效隔震频率范围,但在有效隔震频率范围内增大阻尼比会降低隔震系统的性能,增大传递系数;增大弹簧刚度也会降低不稳定区域,但同时也会降低有效隔震频率范围;增大外激励振幅会增大不稳定区域,同时会降低有效隔震频率范围。
3)非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统在简谐激励作用下的不稳定区域内,同一个外激励频率仅对应着系统的2个稳定解。在地震动的激励下数值分析,非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统的加速度响总能小于输入地震动,发挥良好的隔震性能;系统的位移响应对于输入各种地震动的峰值为1 g时,总是小于系统的位移限值;非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统对于短周期地震动的隔震性能优于对长周期地震动的隔震性能,这与简谐激励作用下的分析结果是一致的。由于非线性准零刚度文物隔震系统为准零刚度系统,故无论怎样增加弹簧刚度,隔震系统总会发挥一定的隔震效果,当弹簧刚度增加到一定值以后,传递系数趋于一个定值。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52078471; 52378542)
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0116
  • 接收时间:2022-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-07
  • 修回日期:2022-05-28
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52078471; 52378542)
作者信息
    1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    3.故宫博物院,北京 100009

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柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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