Article(id=1245373259210928304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245373256329441426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0103, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1674144000000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-20, revisedDate=1682265600000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774849722911, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774849722911, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774849722911, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774849722911, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245373256329441426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='236', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774849722225, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774851286407, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245379817042981204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245373256329441426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245379817042981205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245373256329441426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245373259441615031, articleId=1245373259210928304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Seismic performance of two-story monolithic precast concrete wall with concealed steel plate bracing, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the seismic performance of the monolithic precast concrete wall with concealed steel plate bracing, a two-story monolithic precast concrete wall with concealed steel plate bracing and a benchmark two-story cast-in-situ wall with the same bracing were designed and constructed. The bracings in the precast wall were connected by welded joints at the wall-to-wall and wall-to-foundation connections to fit the larger construction tolerance. Cyclic loading tests were conducted on the walls. The results indicated that the bracings in the precast wall connected by welded joints were able to satisfy the large construction tolerance requirement and transfer the internal force well. The seismic performance of the monolithic precast concrete wall was emulative to the cast-in-situ wall in terms of the lateral strength, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation. Both of the walls were failed in flexure, but the monolithic precast wall formed an additional plastic zone at the top interface of the post-casting segment.

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为研究带钢板暗支撑装配整体式混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能,设计制作1片双层带钢板暗支撑装配整体式混凝土剪力墙和1片双层带钢板暗支撑现浇混凝土剪力墙,其中装配整体式剪力墙内置钢板暗支撑在墙身与基础梁和上下墙身水平连接节点处采用双面角焊缝连接以适应施工时的安装尺寸冗余度要求。对试件进行低周反复加载试验,结果表明:采用双面角焊缝连接预制墙身内置钢板暗支撑可以适应较大的施工冗余度,并且保证暗支撑传力的可靠性;装配整体式剪力墙具有和现浇剪力墙等同的水平承载力、刚度退化水平和耗能能力;2个构件均为弯曲破坏,但装配整体式剪力墙在一层墙体后浇带与预制墙身接缝处也产生塑性铰。

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汪梦甫(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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刘泽龙(1989—),男,博士研究生,主要从事装配式混凝土结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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刘泽龙(1989—),男,博士研究生,主要从事装配式混凝土结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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刘泽龙(1989—),男,博士研究生,主要从事装配式混凝土结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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Washington, DC.: National Science Foundation, 1983: 23-55., articleTitle=Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints: No.UCB/EERC-83/19, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245373271508628302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, awardId=51578225; 52078203, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51578225; 52078203), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245373264634163587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245373264642552197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, companyId=1245373264634163587, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245373264646746502, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main test parameters of shear wall specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件编号浇筑方式钢板暗支撑钢板暗支撑连接方式墙身尺寸/mm配筋率/%墙身连接类型剪跨比轴压比/%
暗柱纵筋墙身水平分布钢筋墙身纵向分布钢筋
RC2构件现浇(1450×1400×160)×21.880.490.652.28210
PC2构件预制焊接(1450×1400×160)×21.880.490.65螺旋箍筋连接2.28210
), ArticleFig(id=1245373270233559818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

剪力墙试件主要试验参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件编号浇筑方式钢板暗支撑钢板暗支撑连接方式墙身尺寸/mm配筋率/%墙身连接类型剪跨比轴压比/%
暗柱纵筋墙身水平分布钢筋墙身纵向分布钢筋
RC2构件现浇(1450×1400×160)×21.880.490.652.28210
PC2构件预制焊接(1450×1400×160)×21.880.490.65螺旋箍筋连接2.28210
), ArticleFig(id=1245373270317445905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical properties of the concrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件编号浇筑位置立方体抗压强度fcu/MPa
RC2全部墙身及楼板37.0
PC2一二层预制墙身36.8
一层后浇区37.3
楼板36.9
二层后浇区37.0
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混凝土材料力学性能

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构件编号浇筑位置立方体抗压强度fcu/MPa
RC2全部墙身及楼板37.0
PC2一二层预制墙身36.8
一层后浇区37.3
楼板36.9
二层后浇区37.0
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Mechanical properties of the steel

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钢材级别钢材尺寸/mm屈服强度fy/MPa极限强度fu/MPa钢材用途
HPB300D = 6395.7533.2约束边缘构件箍筋
HRB400D = 10466.3634.2墙身分布钢筋
HRB400D = 12459.1627.8约束边缘构件纵筋
Q235t = 4.5262.2421.1钢板暗支撑
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钢材材料力学性能

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钢材级别钢材尺寸/mm屈服强度fy/MPa极限强度fu/MPa钢材用途
HPB300D = 6395.7533.2约束边缘构件箍筋
HRB400D = 10466.3634.2墙身分布钢筋
HRB400D = 12459.1627.8约束边缘构件纵筋
Q235t = 4.5262.2421.1钢板暗支撑
), ArticleFig(id=1245373270963368753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of theoretical and experimental peak loads

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试件编号加载方向试验峰值荷载/kN理论峰值荷载/kN试验与理论峰值荷载比试验与理论峰值荷载比平均值
RC22962801.061.08
-3082801.10
PC23012801.081.11
-3232801.15
), ArticleFig(id=1245373271089197879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试件的理论与试验峰值荷载对比

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试件编号加载方向试验峰值荷载/kN理论峰值荷载/kN试验与理论峰值荷载比试验与理论峰值荷载比平均值
RC22962801.061.08
-3082801.10
PC23012801.081.11
-3232801.15
), ArticleFig(id=1245373271215027008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Characteristic loads and displacements of specimens

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试件编号加载方向开裂荷载Fcr/kN开裂位移Δcr/mm屈服荷载Fy/kN屈服位移Δy/mm峰值荷载Fm/kN峰值位移Δm/mm极限位移Δu/mm极限位移角θu/%
RC2834.324623.129659.975.02.35
-102-4.3-270-19.2-308-59.8-75.0-2.35
平均934.025821.230259.975.02.35
RC21774.025519.630144.880.02.50
-162-4.0-251-20.0-323-75.0-80.0-2.50
平均1704.025319.831259.980.02.50
), ArticleFig(id=1245373271357633347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245373259210928304, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试件特征荷载和特征位移

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试件编号加载方向开裂荷载Fcr/kN开裂位移Δcr/mm屈服荷载Fy/kN屈服位移Δy/mm峰值荷载Fm/kN峰值位移Δm/mm极限位移Δu/mm极限位移角θu/%
RC2834.324623.129659.975.02.35
-102-4.3-270-19.2-308-59.8-75.0-2.35
平均934.025821.230259.975.02.35
RC21774.025519.630144.880.02.50
-162-4.0-251-20.0-323-75.0-80.0-2.50
平均1704.025319.831259.980.02.50
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双层带钢板暗支撑装配整体式混凝土剪力墙抗震性能研究
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刘泽龙 , 汪梦甫
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(1): 25-37
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(1): 25-37
双层带钢板暗支撑装配整体式混凝土剪力墙抗震性能研究
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刘泽龙 , 汪梦甫
作者信息
  • 湖南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410082
  • 刘泽龙(1989—),男,博士研究生,主要从事装配式混凝土结构抗震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

汪梦甫(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
Seismic performance of two-story monolithic precast concrete wall with concealed steel plate bracing
Zelong LIU , Mengfu WANG
Affiliations
  • College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0103
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为研究带钢板暗支撑装配整体式混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能,设计制作1片双层带钢板暗支撑装配整体式混凝土剪力墙和1片双层带钢板暗支撑现浇混凝土剪力墙,其中装配整体式剪力墙内置钢板暗支撑在墙身与基础梁和上下墙身水平连接节点处采用双面角焊缝连接以适应施工时的安装尺寸冗余度要求。对试件进行低周反复加载试验,结果表明:采用双面角焊缝连接预制墙身内置钢板暗支撑可以适应较大的施工冗余度,并且保证暗支撑传力的可靠性;装配整体式剪力墙具有和现浇剪力墙等同的水平承载力、刚度退化水平和耗能能力;2个构件均为弯曲破坏,但装配整体式剪力墙在一层墙体后浇带与预制墙身接缝处也产生塑性铰。

装配整体式剪力墙  /  钢板暗支撑  /  低周反复加载试验  /  抗震性能

To investigate the seismic performance of the monolithic precast concrete wall with concealed steel plate bracing, a two-story monolithic precast concrete wall with concealed steel plate bracing and a benchmark two-story cast-in-situ wall with the same bracing were designed and constructed. The bracings in the precast wall were connected by welded joints at the wall-to-wall and wall-to-foundation connections to fit the larger construction tolerance. Cyclic loading tests were conducted on the walls. The results indicated that the bracings in the precast wall connected by welded joints were able to satisfy the large construction tolerance requirement and transfer the internal force well. The seismic performance of the monolithic precast concrete wall was emulative to the cast-in-situ wall in terms of the lateral strength, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation. Both of the walls were failed in flexure, but the monolithic precast wall formed an additional plastic zone at the top interface of the post-casting segment.

monolithic precast concrete wall  /  concealed steel plate bracing  /  cyclic loading test  /  seismic performance
刘泽龙, 汪梦甫. 双层带钢板暗支撑装配整体式混凝土剪力墙抗震性能研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (1) : 25 -37 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0103
Zelong LIU, Mengfu WANG. Seismic performance of two-story monolithic precast concrete wall with concealed steel plate bracing[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (1) : 25 -37 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0103
装配式混凝土结构具有节能环保、施工时间短、人工和材料消耗少等工程技术特点[1]。目前,在我国绿色低碳的经济发展理念推动下,装配式混凝土结构研究和应用的发展较大。按照结构体系的特征,装配式混凝土结构可以主要分为装配式混凝土剪力墙结构体系和装配式混凝土框架结构体系[2]。装配式混凝土剪力墙结构体系的主要抗侧力构件之一为装配整体式混凝土剪力墙。在装配整体式混凝土剪力墙的设计和施工中,水平连接节点的可靠性尤其重要,节点接缝处的施工冗余度和结构应力传递可靠度是其中的关键因素[3],也是设计和施工的难点,并且,在2010年、2011年新西兰基督城发生的地震中表明装配式剪力墙容易发生底部剪切滑移破坏。
已有试验表明在装配整体式剪力墙中内置钢板暗支撑有可能成为一种提高墙体抗震性能的合理方式,如PAULAY等[4]在现浇剪力墙墙身中内置斜向钢筋,试验结果表示其斜向钢筋可以有效地提高剪力墙底部抗剪切滑移破坏的能力;汪梦甫等[5]在装配式叠合板剪力墙中内置钢板暗支撑,试验表明钢板暗支撑可以有效地提高剪力墙的抗弯承载力、延性和耗能能力。但是在装配整体式剪力墙的预制墙身中内置钢板暗支撑,墙身水平连接节点位置钢板暗支撑在施工现场安装时将需要比较大的施工允许尺寸偏差冗余度,因此如何连接上下相邻墙身或者墙身与基础梁之间的钢板暗支撑,并且保证其可靠的传力路径成为一个有待研究的问题。
对于墙身内置斜向支撑的现浇和装配式混凝土剪力墙,斜向支撑的连接方式通常有螺栓连接、焊接连接和锚固连接3种。如XING等[6]对4片内置型钢桁架现浇剪力墙进行试验,墙身内部斜向槽钢采用螺栓与竖向型钢柱相连;方明霁等[7]对2片带斜向钢板的内置型钢桁架现浇混凝土剪力墙进行试验,墙身内部斜向钢板采用焊接连接与四周的型钢框架相连;吴曦等[8]对带钢板暗支撑的装配式叠合板剪力墙进行试验,墙身内部钢板暗支撑直接锚固于基础梁之内。以上各种方式,斜向支撑均在混凝土浇筑前安装,施工安装所需的允许尺寸偏差冗余度较小,而对于装配整体式剪力墙,钢板暗支撑一般与预制墙身一起在工厂预制,然后运送至现场安装,安装时,钢板暗支撑所需的允许尺寸偏差冗余度将变大。
为解决装配整体式剪力墙钢板暗支撑在墙身与基础梁和上下墙身水平连接节点处的连接可靠度问题,本文采用双面角焊缝焊接作为钢板暗支撑的连接方式,设计1片双层带暗支撑装配整体式剪力墙,墙身水平连接节点的纵向钢筋采用螺旋箍筋约束连接,并设计1片对应的双层带暗支撑现浇剪力墙作为对比,通过对2片剪力墙试件进行低周往复加载试验,研究双面角焊缝连接方式的可操作性和传力可靠性,并研究双层带暗支撑装配整体式剪力墙的破坏特征、滞回性能、刚度退化能力和耗能能力等抗震性能,从而为该类型装配整体式剪力墙的工程应用提供理论依据。
本试验设计一个双层装配整体式带钢板暗支撑混凝土剪力墙试件和一个双层现浇带钢板暗支撑混凝土剪力墙试件,2个试件分别编号为PC2试件和RC2试件。其中,RC2试件为对照试件,而PC2试件采用螺旋箍筋约束连接作为墙身纵向钢筋搭接方式,上下2层墙身安装时内置钢板暗支撑采用焊接连接。2个试件的几何尺寸相同,均由基础梁、上下2片墙身、楼板和加载梁组成。基础梁的长宽高尺寸分别为2 400 mm × 560 mm × 400 mm,上下2片墙身的高宽厚尺寸为1 450 mm × 1 400 mm × 160 mm,楼板的高宽长尺寸为120 mm × 560 mm × 1800 mm,加载梁的长宽高尺寸为1 400 mm × 250 mm × 350 mm。试件剪跨比为2.282,轴压比为0.1。试件主要试验参数和几何尺寸如表1图1所示。
2个试件的配筋情况一致。墙身内部约束边缘构件长度为250 mm,其内纵向钢筋配置6根直径为12 mm的HRB400级钢筋,暗柱箍筋采用直径为6 mm的HPB300级钢筋,箍筋间距为100 mm。墙身腹板布置10@200的水平分布钢筋和10@150的竖向分布钢筋,均为HRB400级钢筋。内置钢板暗支撑采用Q235级钢材,厚度为4.5 mm。对于PC2构件,螺旋箍筋约束连接设计依据JGJ 1—2014《装配式混凝土结构技术规程》[9],螺旋箍筋采用4钢筋卷扎形成直径为Ds = 50 mm的套箍,箍筋间距为ds = 40 mm,螺旋箍筋孔径内部空间用于连接钢筋搭接,搭接长度la = 450 mm,钢板暗支撑焊接搭接采用双面角焊缝。
现浇剪力墙RC2试件的制作过程为,基础梁首先浇筑,然后墙身、楼板和加载梁一次整体浇筑成型。装配式剪力墙PC2试件的制作过程为,基础梁、一二层墙身首先浇筑,墙身下部均设置后浇带,以便于钢板暗支撑连接和纵向钢筋搭接;吊装一层墙身至基础梁上,墙身纵向钢筋通过螺旋箍筋连接,钢板暗支撑通过双面角焊缝焊接,混凝土浇筑后浇带;绑扎楼板钢筋,吊装二层墙身至楼板上方,将二层墙身与下部墙身以相同方式连接,浇筑楼板混凝土,浇筑二层墙身后浇带;浇筑加载梁。现浇及装配式剪力墙试件制作现场如图2所示。
试件浇筑混凝土采用C30等级。依据GB/T 50081—2019《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》[10],在试件依次浇筑时每次各预留3个边长为150 mm的立方体试块,测得混凝土立方体抗压强度如表2所示。试件钢筋及钢板暗支撑采用的钢材为HRB400、HPB300和Q235这3个级别,依据GB/T 228.1—2021《金属材料拉伸试验第1部分:室温试验方法》[11],在构件制作过程中取样,并进行拉伸试验。钢材力学性能如表3所示。
本试验于湖南大学结构实验室完成,试验的加载制度为低周往复加载,加载装置如图3所示。试件基础梁由两端地脚锚栓和约束止滑千斤顶固定于刚性地面。试件所受竖向荷载由一台100 t液压千斤顶施加,千斤顶下设置分配梁,竖向荷载由分配梁传递至试件顶部加载梁。试件所受水平荷载由一台50 t电液伺服作动器施加于试件顶部加载梁中心。试件两侧各设置2个侧向支撑,侧向支撑顶部通过滑轮与试件相接,以约束试件在试验过程中的平面外位移。
本次试验加载制度设计参考JGJ/T 101—2015《建筑抗震试验规程》[12]和ACI 374.2R-13[13],试验采用位移控制加载,加载控制点为试件加载梁中心位置,加载制度如图4所示。试验设计轴压比为0.1,竖向荷载为320 kN,水平荷载加载前,首先将竖向荷载通过千斤顶加载至320 kN,并在试验加载全程监控竖向荷载,保持其基本恒定不变。剪力墙试件的预估屈服层间位移角为1.0%,为方便加载,设计水平加载为:预加载后,每一级加载为单循环,加载至加载循环幅值为30 mm(层间位移角0.94%),从加载循环幅值为45 mm(层间位移角1.41%)起,每一级加载转为三循环。层间位移角为剪力墙顶部水平位移与剪跨高度3.195 m的比值。当剪力墙试件承载力下降至峰值承载力的85%或者剪力墙试件不适合继续加载时停止试验。
为测量试件的受力与变形特征,本次试验在试件相应位置设置力传感器、LVDT位移计、千分表和应变片,测点布置如图5所示。试件所受竖向荷载由试件顶部千斤顶下的力传感器测量,所受水平荷载由电液伺服作动器内置力传感器测量。试件一层和顶部水平位移分别由2个LVDT位移计(D7和D8)测定。试件一层墙体与基础梁之间的水平相对滑移由一层墙体底部千分表测量(D6),试件墙身截面与基础梁底部的相对转动由一层墙身底部设置的5个千分表测量(D1~D5),试件基础梁于刚性地面发生的平动和转动分别通过基础梁两端上方和侧方的3个千分表测量(D9~D11)。一层墙身内置钢板暗支撑的变形由沿着暗支撑两分肢分别等间距分布的10个应变片测量(C1~C10)。在各级位移首次峰值时观察试件裂缝发展情况,并用马克笔在墙面标注。
对于RC2试件,当顶点水平位移加载至4.3 mm(θ = 0.13%)时,一层墙身距底部150 mm处出现初始裂缝,随着荷载的增大,水平弯曲裂缝不断增加。当水平位移为7.0 mm(θ = 0.22%)时,弯剪斜裂缝开始从之前的水平弯曲裂缝中延伸而出并逐渐增多。水平位移加载至10.0 mm(θ = 0.31%)时,二层墙身底部产生第一条水平裂缝。
对于PC2试件,当顶点水平位移加载至4.0 mm(θ = 0.13%)时,一层墙身后浇带与预制墙身接缝处(距底部450 mm处)出现初始裂缝。随着荷载的增大,水平弯曲裂缝陆续出现,并且弯剪斜裂缝同时出现。水平位移加载至8.0 mm(θ = 0.25%)时,二层墙身后浇带与预制墙身接缝处出现第一条水平裂缝。
试件加载至θ = 0.50%时的裂缝分布如图6所示。由图可知,RC2试件与PC2试件在θ = 0.50%时的裂缝分布情况基本一致,2个试件的塑性开展均集中于墙身的下半部分,但PC2试件在一、二层墙身后浇带与预制墙身接缝处均产生裂缝,并且一层该处裂缝已贯通。由此可知,在PC2试件中采用双面角焊缝连接的钢板暗支撑能很好地传递内力,墙身纵向钢筋采用螺旋箍筋约束连接使PC2试件与RC2试件裂缝开展情况基本一致。
RC2试件和PC2试件的破坏模式和局部细节如图7图8所示。对于RC2试件,随着水平位移的增加,水平弯曲裂缝和弯剪斜裂缝继续开展。当水平位移加载至30.0 mm(θ = 0.94%)时,一层墙身底部开始出现剪切滑移裂缝,该裂缝逐渐扩展至整个截面并产生墙底滑移。当水平位移达到60.0 mm(θ = 1.88%)时,试件承载力达到峰值。随后试件承载力开始下降,一层墙底混凝土开始压碎并产生脱落。当水平位移达到75.0 mm(θ = 2.35%)时,由于LVDT位移计的量程限制,试验停止,但如图8(a)(b)所示墙身最外侧钢筋已屈曲,并且承载力已降至92%,试件应该已接近位移极限。
对于PC2试件,随着水平位移的增加,水平弯曲裂缝和弯剪斜裂缝也继续开展,当水平位移加载至18.0 mm(θ = 0.56%)时,一层墙身底部开始出现剪切滑移裂缝,水平位移至21.0 mm(θ = 0.66%)时,一层墙身底部剪切滑移位移贯通全截面。水平位移至24.0 mm(θ = 0.75%)时,一层墙身后浇带与预制墙身接缝处水平裂缝贯通全截面。当正向水平位移达到44.8 mm(θ = 1.40%)时,试件正向承载力达到峰值,当负向水平位移达到75.0 mm(θ = 2.35%)时,试件负向承载力达到峰值,该承载力峰值位移的不对称可能由于螺旋箍筋约束连接导致。随着试件承载力的下降,一层墙身在后浇带与预制墙身接缝处两端和墙身底部的混凝土均产生压碎现象,并不断脱落。当水平位移达80.0 mm(θ = 2.50%)时,试件承载力下降至85%峰值承载力,试验停止。
图7图8可知,RC2试件与PC2试件在恒定轴压和低周往复水平荷载作用下的破坏模式均为弯曲破坏,一层墙身底部钢筋屈曲或断裂,混凝土压碎,且裂缝塑性开展基本一致,但PC2试件在墙身后浇带与预制墙身接缝处会产生一条通缝,且在通缝两端产生混凝土压碎现象。PC2试件在接缝处两端产生塑性破坏的现象由2个原因导致:一是根据KLUGE等[14]试验表明钢筋搭接连接中钢筋应力在连接两端明显大于内部,钢筋断裂容易发生于搭接连接的两端,本试验中墙身最外侧钢筋断裂发生于螺旋箍筋约束连接的上端,与KLUGE等试验现象一致;二是由于墙身内置钢板暗支撑,钢板暗支撑可以增强墙身的抗剪承载力[4],同时,由于钢板暗支撑具有较大的含钢量,钢板暗支撑两分肢的竖向抵抗分力产生的抵抗矩也可以提高墙身的抗弯承载力,该抵抗矩取决于竖向抵抗分力之间的力臂大小,而钢板暗支撑两分肢之间的间距随着墙身高度的增加而减小,因此该抵抗矩也随着力臂的减小而减小,故在接缝处墙身截面的抗弯承载力明显降低,由于墙身接缝处所受弯矩接近墙身底部所受弯矩,因此墙身接缝处也产生塑性破坏。此外,由图8可知,RC2试件和PC2试件中的钢板暗支撑底部均仅产生轻微屈曲变形,表明PC2试件中采用双面角焊缝连接钢板暗支撑可以合理地传递墙身内力至基础梁。
本试验中采用修正压力场理论对RC2试件和PC2试件的理论峰值水平承载力进行预测,已有试验表明该理论可以较好地预测混凝土构件在承受轴力、剪力和弯矩相互作用时的水平承载力[15]。试件理论与试验水平承载力峰值对比如表4所示,计算结果由截面分析软件Response2000求得。本次计算中,采用修正压力场理论中推荐的2个假设:一是横截面平面在变形的过程中保持平面;二是在与横截面平行的方向上正应力为零。计算时混凝土和钢材的平均应力-应变本构关系采用试验所得的材料力学性能求得。只考虑墙身内置钢板暗支撑的抗弯承载力作用,因此钢板暗支撑每分肢的计算截面面积为其实际面积乘上钢板分肢与水平面夹角的正弦值。
由于本试验表明预制墙身内采用双面角焊缝连接的钢板暗支撑与螺旋箍筋约束连接一起形成的水平连接节点可以使装配式剪力墙在峰值水平承载力上与现浇剪力墙等效,因此PC2试件采用与RC2试件相同的理论峰值水平承载力。试验与理论峰值荷载比为试验所得峰值水平承载力与采用修正压力场理论计算所得的理论峰值水平承载力的比值。由表4可知,采用修正压力场理论对RC2试件和PC2试件的峰值水平承载力预测是合理的,RC2试件和PC2试件的试验与理论峰值荷载比平均值分别为1.08和1.11。
本试验中RC2试件和PC2试件的位移-荷载关系如图9所示,特征荷载值和特征位移如表5所示。图9(a)和(b)中虚线表示试件考虑钢板暗支撑抗弯作用的理论峰值水平承载力,点虚线表示试件不考虑钢板暗支撑抗弯作用的理论峰值水平承载力。由图可知,PC2试件的滞回曲线形状与RC2试件基本一致,具有相似的滞回环,卸载与重新加载时试件刚度退化程度相当,承载力达到峰值后退化程度相当。PC2试件和RC2试件的试验峰值水平承载力均达到了其理论峰值水平承载力,理论计算结果是保守且合理的。试件考虑钢板暗支撑抗弯作用和不考虑钢板暗支撑抗弯作用相比,理论峰值水平承载力由252 kN提高至280 kN,提高了11.11%。
试件的骨架曲线为各加载步首圈滞回环峰值荷载和相应位移点连接而成,如图9(c)所示。由图可知,PC2试件与RC2试件的骨架曲线基本重合,PC2试件的极限位移略大于RC2试件,表明PC2试件墙身内钢板暗支撑采用双面角焊缝连接可以很好地传递内力,其与螺旋箍筋约束连接一起,可以使PC2试件的峰值抗弯承载力、强度退化水平与现浇剪力墙一致,是合理有效的连接方式。RC2试件和PC2试件的极限位移角均值分别为1/43和1/40,均远大于GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》[16]规定的剪力墙弹塑性位移角限值1/120,表明试件均具有良好的延性。
试件一层墙身底部相对滑移-墙身总水平位移曲线如图9(d)所示。由图可知,PC2试件墙身底部相对滑移略大于RC2试件,PC2和RC2试件正向墙底相对滑移分别为0.88、0.17 mm,PC2试件和RC2试件负向墙底相对滑移分别为3.8、0.7 mm,但PC2试件相对滑移最大值3.8 mm只占总水平位移80 mm的4.75%。
剪力墙试件在低周往复荷载作用下产生损伤,会出现刚度退化现象,将试件的割线刚度定义为K = F/Δ,其中F为试件的每一加载步首圈水平承载力,Δ为对应该水平承载力的墙身顶点水平位移。试件正负向刚度退化曲线如图10所示。由图可知,PC2试件与RC2试件的刚度退化总体趋势相近。RC2试件负向初始刚度较低,有可能是由于试件养护时产生的初始裂缝导致。加载初期,PC2试件的割线刚度退化速度低于RC2试件,当加载至总层间位移角为1.0%时,PC2试件与RC2试件的割线刚度退化曲线开始重叠,表明用双面角焊缝连接的PC2内置钢板暗支撑可以在墙身刚度退化时很好地传递内力,其与螺旋箍筋约束连接一起,使PC2试件的刚度退化能力与现浇混凝土剪力墙RC2试件基本一致。
剪力墙的耗能能力采用每个滞回环能量耗散与累计能量耗散2个指标来衡量。每个滞回环能量耗散由该滞回环面积决定,累计能量耗散为该圈滞回环以前所有滞回环面积的累加。本试验试件的能量耗散情况如图11所示。由于PC2试件与RC2试件的破坏模式为弯曲破坏,因此试件的能量耗散主要来自于塑性铰区域墙身弯曲钢筋(暗柱纵向钢筋和钢板暗支撑)的塑性变形。由图可知,PC2试件与RC2试件各自的每个滞回环能量耗散曲线和累计能量耗散曲线基本一致。PC2试件由于最后一级加载为总层间位移角2.50%,而RC2试件为2.35%,因此累计能量耗散比RC2试件更高。故PC2试件采用墙身内置钢板暗支撑采用双面角焊缝连接,并采用螺旋箍筋约束连接纵向钢筋,可以使试件的能量耗散能力与现浇剪力墙RC2试件一致。
本次试验试件内置钢板暗支撑变形能力采用沿钢板分肢的应变分布来衡量,装配整体式剪力墙PC2试件的钢板暗支撑应变分布特征与现浇剪力墙RC2试件基本一致,绘出PC2试件内的钢板暗支撑应变分布,如图12所示。C1~C5和C6~C10为应变片在钢板分肢上的位置,所有应变片均等间距,间距为370 mm,定义正应变为受拉应变,负应变为受压应变。C1位置应变片失效,无法采集该处数据。
PC2试件的钢板暗支撑的应变分布在正向与负向加载时基本对称,如图12所示。取总层间位移角θ = 0.22%和θ = 0.47%进行分析,正向加载时,C2的应变由361 με增长到1180 με,C7的应变由-175 με增长到-565 με,A分肢钢板受拉,B分肢钢板受压,受拉形变明显大于受压形变;反向加载时,C2的应变由-372 με增长到-506 με,C7的应变由132 με增长到836 με,A分肢钢板受压,B分肢钢板受拉,受拉形变也明显大于受压形变。随着总层间位移角θ的增大,钢板分肢各位置变形逐渐发生变化,应变分布出现不连续有突变现象,该现象可能由于,一是混凝土开裂导致裂缝位置钢板变形急剧增大;二是由于钢板暗支撑与混凝土之间锚固良好,裂缝之间的钢板形变将相应减小;三是钢材在低周往复荷载作用下的包兴格效应也会影响钢板分肢的变形。值得说明的是,C3与C8位置钢板应变在θ = 0.47%以后开始急剧增大,可能是因为该位置靠近剪力墙墙身后浇带与预制墙身接缝处,而接缝位置混凝土开裂,开始发生相对位移和端部压碎和剥落,因此钢板该处的位置受力变大。由此可得,PC2试件墙身内采用双面角焊缝连接的钢板暗支撑可以很好地传递墙身内力。
沿墙身底部水平节点布置5个等间距千分表来测量连接节点横截面的竖向相对位移,间距为300 mm。RC2试件和PC2试件在正向和负向加载时,墙身底部水平节点竖向相对位移分布如图13所示。在总层间位移角θ = 0.22%和θ = 0.47%时,PC2试件墙身底部截面转角大与RC2试件基本一致,当总层间位移角θ大于0.47%以后,PC2试件的墙身底部截面转角增长比RC2试件更大,表明试件进入塑性变形以后,螺旋箍筋约束连接节点产生的混凝土形变更大。RC2试件与PC2试件两端的竖向相对位移均较内部减小,该现象可能是由于约束边缘构件内箍筋约束混凝土提高了强度,因此相对变形更小。
采用OpenSeesPy有限元软件对RC2试件和PC2试件建立宏观数值模型[17]。对于剪力墙试件在低周往复荷载下的力学性能模拟,LU等[18]基于复合材料力学原理开发了分层壳单元。大量试验结果验证表明,采用该单元建立的数值模型模拟剪力墙试件力学性能具有可靠的准确性,因此本试验中装配整体式带暗支撑混凝土剪力墙PC2试件和对应的现浇混凝土剪力墙RC2试件也采用该单元模拟。
本试验PC2试件有限元模型如图14所示,RC2试件的有限元模型采用相同方式建立。混凝土的受压本构关系采用Mander模型[19],该模型可以考虑混凝土被箍筋约束时的强度和延性提高,混凝土的受拉本构关系采用双折线模型。钢筋和钢板暗支撑的本构关系采用Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto模型[20]。混凝土与钢材本构参数取值均采用试验所得。
剪力墙暗柱、剪力墙腹板、楼板和顶部加载梁分别采用不同的ShellNLDKGQ单元[18]模拟,以反映各个墙身组成内钢筋与混凝土受力性能的区别。ShellNLDKGQ单元的计算方法将混凝土的受力性能考虑为平面应力状态,纵向与横向钢筋按等效配筋率弥散成钢筋层,然后与相应的混凝土层组合在一起。在墙身暗柱中,分层等效主要包括混凝土层和箍筋层,暗柱纵筋采用Truss单元进行模拟;而在墙身腹板中,分层等效主要包括混凝土层、纵向分布钢筋层和横向分布钢筋层;在楼板内,分层等效主要包括混凝土层、水平分布钢筋层和横向分布钢筋层;在顶部加载梁,考虑其为刚体。螺旋箍筋约束连接水平节点的模拟只考虑节点的水平相对滑移,采用Zero-length单元模拟,由于第二层墙体底部与楼板的水平滑移很小,因此忽略该处螺旋箍筋约束连接水平节点构造。钢板暗支撑采用Displacement-based beam column单元和fiber截面模拟,由于试验表明,钢板暗支撑与墙身混凝土锚固良好,因此采用Displacement-based beam column单元与墙身ShellNLDKGQ单元各节点依次连接模拟其锚固关系。钢板暗支撑对于螺旋箍筋约束连接水平节点水平相对滑移的约束作用采用其Displacement-based beam column单元底部端点与Zero-length单元底部端点相连模拟。剪力墙底部基础梁采用模型底部各节点的全部DOF约束模拟。
采用上述方式建立RC2试件和PC2试件的有限元模型并计算,得出2个试件的数值模拟滞回曲线,并与试验结果进行对比,结果如图15所示。由图可知,有限元模型生成的滞回曲线与试验曲线吻合良好。RC2试件有限元模型可以合理地模拟试件在低周往复荷载作用下的峰值水平荷载和卸载及再加载时的试件刚度,在承载力退化阶段,有限元模型的刚度退化略快于试验结果;PC2试件有限元模型可以合理地模拟试件的峰值水平荷载和承载力退化阶段的刚度退化,但是在卸载及再加载时有限元模型的刚度退化略快于试验结果。
本文完成了1片双层装配整体式带暗支撑混凝土剪力墙和1片双层带暗支撑现浇混凝土剪力墙的低周往复试验,其中双层装配整体式带暗支撑混凝土剪力墙内的钢板暗支撑采用双面角焊缝连接,纵向钢筋采用螺旋箍筋约束连接。并对2片剪力墙进行数值模拟,建立有限元模型,得到以下的结论:
1)对于装配整体式剪力墙,采用双面角焊缝连接预制墙身内置钢板暗支撑可以保证钢板暗支撑在墙身与基础梁、墙身与墙身之间的内力传递,并提供施工时相对较大的允许尺寸偏差冗余度,是一种连接墙身内部斜向钢筋的有效可靠连接方式。装配式带暗支撑剪力墙采用该种方式连接墙身内置钢板暗支撑可以使其传力路径等同于现浇带暗支撑剪力墙内的钢板暗支撑。
2)采用螺旋箍筋约束连接连接预制墙身的纵向钢筋是一种可靠的连接方式,可以使装配式剪力墙的峰值水平承载力、刚度退化能力和耗能能力等同于现浇剪力墙。
3)采用双面角焊缝连接钢板暗支撑和螺旋箍筋约束连接纵向钢筋的双层装配整体式带暗支撑混凝土剪力墙和双层带暗支撑现浇混凝土剪力墙在低周往复荷载作用下的破坏模式均为弯曲破坏,但前者会在一层墙体中部后浇带与预制墙身接缝处产生塑性铰,该塑性铰的产生为螺旋箍筋约束连接端部应力增大、钢板暗支撑设置位置以及墙身所受弯矩三者的共同作用。
4)采用OpenSeesPy有限元软件对2个试件建立数值模型,模型主要采用分层壳单元,并将其与试验结果进行对比,结果表示该模型可以合理地模拟试验的滞回性能。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51578225; 52078203)
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0103
  • 接收时间:2023-01-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-20
  • 修回日期:2023-04-24
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51578225; 52078203)
作者信息
    湖南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410082

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汪梦甫(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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