Article(id=1154049691189764352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154049103748125137, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706630400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-31, revisedDate=1709222400000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-01, acceptedDate=1710259200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-13, onlineDate=1753076487585, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1716998400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753076487585, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753076487585, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753076487585, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154049103748125137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753076347529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780989436, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004586184695853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154049103748125137, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004586184695854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154049103748125137, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=62, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154049691743412482, articleId=1154049691189764352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Research Progress in Preparation and Reliability of Cu-Sn Full IMC Joints for Power Device Packaging, columnId=1154049691676303617, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Packaging Design and Optimization, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the service environment of power semiconductor devices becomes more and more severe, the third-generation semiconductor represented by silicon carbide (SiC) has become the mainstream of industry applications owing to its excellent high-temperature performance. However, the lack of bounding materials which not only match with SiC chips but also have a low cost and a high melting point has become a bottleneck in the development of the industry. Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are considered to be ideal bounding materials for SiC chips because of their low cost, good conductivity and characteristics that meet the requirements of low-temperature bonding and high-temperature service. Aimed at the power semiconductor device packaging, the preparation and reliability of Cu-Sn full IMC joints at home and abroad in recent years are analyzed and reviewed, and the problems to be solved at present and the development trend in the future are discussed.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hu'an HU, Qiang JIA, Yishu WANG, Xiaoliang JI, Guisheng ZOU, Fu GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1154049719941718309, articleId=1154049691189764352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=功率器件封装用 Cu-Sn全 IMC 接头制备及其可靠性研究进展, columnId=1154049691818909955, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=封装设计与优化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着功率半导体器件的服役环境越来越恶劣,以碳化硅(SiC)为代表的第三代半导体凭借其优异的高温性能成为行业应用主流。但目前尚缺乏与之相匹配的低成本、耐高温的互连材料,成为了制约行业发展的瓶颈。Cu-Sn 全金属间化合物(IMC)因其成本低、导电性好且满足低温连接、高温服役的特点被认为是理想的SiC芯片互连材料之一。针对功率半导体器件封装,对国内外近年来 Cu-Sn全IMC接头的制备方法和可靠性进行了分析和综述,并讨论了目前亟待解决的问题和未来的发展趋势。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+5IZ2tu09luS9LysMrUyYQ==, magXml=JFlWqNWgAzdyAJXC0GJJ1A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tg7qcQIle6MCTwTiZmc1Nw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=5H689uOcnGQr+lBuAIccUg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

胡虎安(1995-),男,硕士。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: huhuan@emails.bjut.edu.cn。

贾强(1991-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:功率器件封装。E-mail: jiaqiang@bjut.edu.cn。

王乙舒(1985-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: yishu.wang@bjut.edu.cn。

籍晓亮(1994-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: jixiaoliang@bjut.edu.cn。

邹贵生(1966-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:微纳连接与成形制造。E-mail: zougsh@tsinghua.edu.cn。

郭福(1971-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: guofu@bjut.edu.cn。

, authorsList=胡虎安, 贾强, 王乙舒, 籍晓亮, 邹贵生, 郭福)}, authors=[Author(id=1154049721200009523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=huhuan@emails.bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721309061429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721200009523, language=EN, stringName=Hu'an HU, firstName=Hu'an, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721371975990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721200009523, language=CN, stringName=胡虎安, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124, bio={"img":"7Wj/e3HtleTL7wsWJrdzEQ==","content":"

胡虎安(1995-),男,硕士。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: huhuan@emails.bjut.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=7Wj/e3HtleTL7wsWJrdzEQ==, bioContent=

胡虎安(1995-),男,硕士。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: huhuan@emails.bjut.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154049720780579110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720784773415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720788967720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1154049721430696248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiaqiang@bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721497805115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721430696248, language=EN, stringName=Qiang JIA, firstName=Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
2 Chongqing Research Institute Beijing University of Technology Chongqing 400015 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721552331068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721430696248, language=CN, stringName=贾强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124
2 北京工业大学 重庆研究院 重庆 400015, bio={"content":"

贾强(1991-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:功率器件封装。E-mail: jiaqiang@bjut.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

贾强(1991-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:功率器件封装。E-mail: jiaqiang@bjut.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154049720780579110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720784773415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720788967720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154049720881242409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720885436714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720881242409, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Research Institute Beijing University of Technology Chongqing 400015 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720889631019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720881242409, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京工业大学 重庆研究院 重庆 400015)])]), Author(id=1154049721611051326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yishu.wang@bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721690743104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721611051326, language=EN, stringName=Yishu WANG, firstName=Yishu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721753657665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721611051326, language=CN, stringName=王乙舒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124, bio={"content":"

王乙舒(1985-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: yishu.wang@bjut.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王乙舒(1985-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: yishu.wang@bjut.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154049720780579110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720784773415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720788967720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1154049721816572227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jixiaoliang@bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721896264005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721816572227, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoliang JI, firstName=Xiaoliang, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049721950789958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049721816572227, language=CN, stringName=籍晓亮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124, bio={"content":"

籍晓亮(1994-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: jixiaoliang@bjut.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

籍晓亮(1994-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: jixiaoliang@bjut.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154049720780579110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720784773415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720788967720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124)])]), Author(id=1154049722009510216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zougsh@tsinghua.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154049722072424778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049722009510216, language=EN, stringName=Guisheng ZOU, firstName=Guisheng, middleName=null, lastName=ZOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049722139533643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049722009510216, language=CN, stringName=邹贵生, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 清华大学 机械工程系 北京 100084, bio={"content":"

邹贵生(1966-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:微纳连接与成形制造。E-mail: zougsh@tsinghua.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

邹贵生(1966-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:微纳连接与成形制造。E-mail: zougsh@tsinghua.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154049721032237356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721044820269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721032237356, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721053208878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721032237356, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 清华大学 机械工程系 北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1154049722198253901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=guofu@bjut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154049722261168465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049722198253901, language=EN, stringName=Fu GUO, firstName=Fu, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 4, address=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
4 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing 100096 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049722407969106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, authorId=1154049722198253901, language=CN, stringName=郭福, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 4, address=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124
4 北京信息科技大学 机电工程学院 北京 100096, bio={"content":"

郭福(1971-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: guofu@bjut.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郭福(1971-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: guofu@bjut.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154049720780579110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720784773415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720788967720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154049721132900655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721137094960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721132900655, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing 100096 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721145483569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721132900655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 北京信息科技大学 机电工程学院 北京 100096)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1154049722756096340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Power device packaging), Keyword(id=1154049722827399510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=full intermetallic compound (IMC)), Keyword(id=1154049722881925464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=preparation process), Keyword(id=1154049722944840025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=reliability), Keyword(id=1154049723007754586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=功率器件封装), Keyword(id=1154049723066474843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=全金属间化合物), Keyword(id=1154049723133583708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=制备工艺), Keyword(id=1154049723179721053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=可靠性)], refs=[Reference(id=1154049725826326902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=170, pageEnd=186, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Chen Cai, Luo Fang, Kang Yong, journalName=CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Cai, Luo Fang, Kang Yong. A review of SiC power module packaging: Layout, material system and integration[J]. CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, 2017. 2(3): 170-186., articleTitle=A review of SiC power module packaging: Layout, material system and integration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049725885047159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v = nouGVBS_tgdq4gpVNsOqFMdIlMdYGpUngYm bg3 vqZbPZjFJipqJ0ga4XTO2F1sOs_ObsVz5l_mWHjPgK6hfT jk5zUyFQc3SI8KFDLS8dKxpmM7hhYcQHfw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SiC 功率模块引线键合参数优化与可靠性分析[EB/OL]. 2024-02-27)[2024-03-01]., articleTitle=SiC 功率模块引线键合参数优化与可靠性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049725985710456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract? v = nouGVBS_tgdq4gpVNsOqFMdIl MdYGpUngYmbg3vqZbPZjFJipqJ0ga4XTO2F1sOs_0bsVz5 1_ mWHjPgK6hfTjk5zUyFQc3SI8KFDLS8dKxpmM7hhYcQ H fw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Optimization of wire bonding parameters and reliability analysis for SiC power module interconnections[EB/OL]. 2024-02-27)[2024-03-01]. in Chinese)., articleTitle=Optimization of wire bonding parameters and reliability analysis for SiC power module interconnections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726061207929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=154, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=康庆, 李峰, 邢杰, journalName=电源学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=康庆, 李峰, 邢杰, 等. SiC 器件在卫星电源系统中的应用与分析[J]. 电源学报, 2022. 20(2): 154-160., articleTitle=SiC 器件在卫星电源系统中的应用与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726140899706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=154, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Kang Qing, Li Feng, Xing Jie, et al., journalName=Journal of Power Supply, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kang Qing, Li Feng, Xing Jie, et al.. Applications and challenges of SiC devices in satellite electrical power systems[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2022. 20(2): 154-160 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Applications and challenges of SiC devices in satellite electrical power systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726228980091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=100014, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Zhang Bowen, Chen Shi, Lu Guoquan, et al., journalName=Power Electronic Devices and Components, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Bowen, Chen Shi, Lu Guoquan, et al.. Reliability behavior of a resin-free nanosilver paste at ultra-low temperature of 180 °C[J]. Power Electronic Devices and Components, 2022. 3: 100014., articleTitle=Reliability behavior of a resin-free nanosilver paste at ultra-low temperature of 180 °C, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726300283260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=209, issue=null, pageStart=113696, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Yin Changhao, Wumaeraili K, Zhang Yu, et al., journalName=Materials Characterization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin Changhao, Wumaeraili K, Zhang Yu, et al.. Novel Ag-Cu foam sheet with multi-layer composite structure for high performance joining of SiC power chips[J]. Materials Characterization, 2024. 209: 113696., articleTitle=Novel Ag-Cu foam sheet with multi-layer composite structure for high performance joining of SiC power chips, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726363197821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=52, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Zhang Hongqiang, He Siliang, Qu Guanda, et al., journalName=IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Hongqiang, He Siliang, Qu Guanda, et al.. Improved thermal conductivity and reliability through graphene reinforced nanopaste for power devices in new energy vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2024. 14(1): 52-60., articleTitle=Improved thermal conductivity and reliability through graphene reinforced nanopaste for power devices in new energy vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726413529470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=1127, pageEnd=1132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Nishikawa H, Piao Jinyu, Takemoto T, journalName=Journal of Electronic Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nishikawa H, Piao Jinyu, Takemoto T. Interfacial reaction between Sn-0.7Cu(-Ni) solder and Cu substrate[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2006. 35(5): 1127-1132., articleTitle=Interfacial reaction between Sn-0.7Cu(-Ni) solder and Cu substrate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726463861119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=25, issue=9, pageStart=4170, pageEnd=4178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Tian Yanhong, Hang Chunjin, Zhao Xin, et al., journalName=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tian Yanhong, Hang Chunjin, Zhao Xin, et al.. Phase transformation and fracture behavior of Cu/In/Cu joints formed by solid-liquid interdiffusion bonding[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014. 25(9): 4170-4178., articleTitle=Phase transformation and fracture behavior of Cu/In/Cu joints formed by solid-liquid interdiffusion bonding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726526775680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=777, issue=null, pageStart=463, pageEnd=471, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Tian Ruyu, Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, et al., journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tian Ruyu, Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, et al.. Brittle fracture induced by phase transformation of Ni-Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Ni solder joints under extreme temperature environment[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019. 777: 463-471., articleTitle=Brittle fracture induced by phase transformation of Ni-Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Ni solder joints under extreme temperature environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726577107329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=3222, pageEnd=3243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Wang Fengjiang, Chen Hong, Huang Ying, et al., journalName=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Fengjiang, Chen Hong, Huang Ying, et al.. Recent progress on the development of Sn-Bi based low-temperature Pb-free solders[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2019. 30(4): 3222-3243., articleTitle=Recent progress on the development of Sn-Bi based low-temperature Pb-free solders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726627438978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=157, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Liu Wei, Tian Yanhong, Wang Chunqing, et al., journalName=Materials Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Wei, Tian Yanhong, Wang Chunqing, et al.. Morphologies and grain orientations of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu solder joints[J]. Materials Letters, 2012. 86: 157-160., articleTitle=Morphologies and grain orientations of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu solder joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726673576323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=13, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=邵华凯, 吴爱萍, 邹贵生, journalName=焊接学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵华凯, 吴爱萍, 邹贵生. Cu-Sn 体系 LTTLP 连接接头强度与断口分析[J]. 焊接学报, 2017. 38(3): 13-16., articleTitle=Cu-Sn 体系 LTTLP 连接接头强度与断口分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726744879492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=13, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Shao Huakai, Wu Aiping, Zou Guisheng, journalName=Transactions of the China Welding Institution, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao Huakai, Wu Aiping, Zou Guisheng. Study on shear strength and fracture behavior of Cu-Sn system low-temperature TLP bonded joint[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2017. 38(3): 13-16 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Study on shear strength and fracture behavior of Cu-Sn system low-temperature TLP bonded joint, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726832959877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=6, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Yao Peng, Li Xiaoyan, Han Xu, et al., journalName=Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao Peng, Li Xiaoyan, Han Xu, et al.. Shear strength and fracture mechanism for full Cu-Sn IMCs solder joints with different Cu3Sn proportion and joints with conventional interfacial structure in electronic packaging[J]. Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, 2019. 31(1): 6-19., articleTitle=Shear strength and fracture mechanism for full Cu-Sn IMCs solder joints with different Cu3Sn proportion and joints with conventional interfacial structure in electronic packaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726900068742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=430, pageEnd=435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Lee B S, Yoon J W, journalName=Journal of Electronic Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee B S, Yoon J W. Cu-Sn intermetallic compound joints for high-temperature power electronics applications[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2018. 47(1): 430-435., articleTitle=Cu-Sn intermetallic compound joints for high-temperature power electronics applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049726962983303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=24, issue=10, pageStart=3905, pageEnd=3913, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, Zhang Rui, et al., journalName=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, Zhang Rui, et al.. Phase transformation and grain orientation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds during low temperature bonding process[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2013. 24(10): 3905-3913., articleTitle=Phase transformation and grain orientation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds during low temperature bonding process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727030092168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=58, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=金凤阳, 李晓延, 姚鹏, journalName=焊接学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金凤阳, 李晓延, 姚鹏. 微小互连 Cu-Sn 界面钎焊及接头剪切行为[J]. 焊接学报, 2019. 40(2): 58-63., articleTitle=微小互连 Cu-Sn 界面钎焊及接头剪切行为, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727084618121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=58, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Jin Fengyang, Li Xiaoyan, Yao Peng, journalName=Transactions of the China Welding Institution, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin Fengyang, Li Xiaoyan, Yao Peng. A study on Cu-Sn soldering and shear behavior of solder joints with micro interconnection[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2019. 40(2): 58-63 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=A study on Cu-Sn soldering and shear behavior of solder joints with micro interconnection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727134949770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=25, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=陈达龙, 李晓延, 韩旭, journalName=热加工工艺, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈达龙, 李晓延, 韩旭. 超声-TLP 制备 Cu-Sn 焊点的组织演变及力学性能研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2022. 51(1): 25-28., articleTitle=超声-TLP 制备 Cu-Sn 焊点的组织演变及力学性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727185281419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=25, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Chen Dalong, Li Xiaoyan, Han Xu, journalName=Hot Working Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Dalong, Li Xiaoyan, Han Xu. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn solder joints soldered by ultrasound-TLP[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2022. 51(1): 25-28 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn solder joints soldered by ultrasound-TLP, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727252390284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=692, issue=null, pageStart=552, pageEnd=557, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Liu J H, Zhao H Y, Li Z L, et al., journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J H, Zhao H Y, Li Z L, et al.. Study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn intermetallic joints rapidly formed by ultrasonic-assisted transient liquid phase soldering[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017. 692: 552-557., articleTitle=Study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn intermetallic joints rapidly formed by ultrasonic-assisted transient liquid phase soldering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727323693453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=94, issue=9, pageStart=5451, pageEnd=5473, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Tu K N, journalName=Journal of Applied Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tu K N. Recent advances on electromigration in very-large-scale-integration of interconnects[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2003. 94(9): 5451-5473., articleTitle=Recent advances on electromigration in very-large-scale-integration of interconnects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727386608014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=753, issue=null, pageStart=203, pageEnd=211, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Feng Jiayun, Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, et al., journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng Jiayun, Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, et al.. Effect of electric current on grain orientation and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds joints[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018. 753: 203-211., articleTitle=Effect of electric current on grain orientation and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727487271311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=75, issue=null, pageStart=853, pageEnd=862, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Peng Xianwen, Wang Yue, Ye Zheng, et al., journalName=Journal of Manufacturing Processes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng Xianwen, Wang Yue, Ye Zheng, et al.. Microstructural evolution and performance of high-tin-content Cu40Sn60 (wt.%) core/shell powder TLPS bonding joints[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2022. 75: 853-862., articleTitle=Microstructural evolution and performance of high-tin-content Cu40Sn60 (wt.%) core/shell powder TLPS bonding joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727550185872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=981, pageEnd=991, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Tang Y, Li G Y, Chen D Q, et al., journalName=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang Y, Li G Y, Chen D Q, et al.. Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on IMC growth in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xTiO2 solder joints during isothermal aging process[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014. 25(2): 981-991., articleTitle=Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on IMC growth in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xTiO2 solder joints during isothermal aging process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727634071953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=null, pageStart=103058, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Liu Jiaxin, Lei Zhenyu, Wang Qing, et al., journalName=Materials Today Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Jiaxin, Lei Zhenyu, Wang Qing, et al.. Fabrication of Sn-plated Cu foam for high-efficiency transient-liquid-phase bonding[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2022. 30: 103058., articleTitle=Fabrication of Sn-plated Cu foam for high-efficiency transient-liquid-phase bonding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727713763730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=28, authorNames=江琛, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=江琛. Cu/Sn 多层薄膜制备单 IMC 结构焊点研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015., articleTitle=Cu/Sn 多层薄膜制备单 IMC 结构焊点研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727776678291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Jiang Chen, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang Chen. Investigation of single IMC jointsmade by multiple Cu/Sn films[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015. (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Investigation of single IMC jointsmade by multiple Cu/Sn films, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727852175764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=11, issue=33, pageStart=4097, pageEnd=4103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Zhong Ying, An Rong, Wang Chunqing, et al., journalName=Small, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong Ying, An Rong, Wang Chunqing, et al.. Low temperature sintering Cu6Sn5 nanoparticles for superplastic and super-uniform high temperature circuit interconnections[J]. Small, 2015. 11(33): 4097-4103., articleTitle=Low temperature sintering Cu6Sn5 nanoparticles for superplastic and super-uniform high temperature circuit interconnections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049727944450453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=100187, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Guo Longjun, Liu Wei, Ji Xiaoliang, et al., journalName=Results in Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo Longjun, Liu Wei, Ji Xiaoliang, et al.. Facile synthesis of Cu10Sn3 nanoparticles and their sintering behavior for power device packaging[J]. Results in Materials, 2021. 10: 100187., articleTitle=Facile synthesis of Cu10Sn3 nanoparticles and their sintering behavior for power device packaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728003170710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=282, issue=null, pageStart=128845, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Guo Longjun, Liu Wei, Wang Chunqing, journalName=Materials Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo Longjun, Liu Wei, Wang Chunqing. Preparation and sintering properties of Cu10Sn3 IMCs nanopaste as die attach material for high temperature power electronics[J]. Materials Letters, 2021. 282: 128845., articleTitle=Preparation and sintering properties of Cu10Sn3 IMCs nanopaste as die attach material for high temperature power electronics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728053502359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=33, authorNames=钟毅, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟毅. 温度梯度对微焊点界面反应及晶粒取向的影响[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2018., articleTitle=温度梯度对微焊点界面反应及晶粒取向的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728108028312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Zhong Yi, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong Yi. Effects of temperature tradient on the liquid-solid interfacial reaction and grain orientation of micro interconnects[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effects of temperature tradient on the liquid-solid interfacial reaction and grain orientation of micro interconnects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728179331481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=90, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Yang T L, Aoki T, Matsumoto K, et al., journalName=Acta Materialia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang T L, Aoki T, Matsumoto K, et al.. Full intermetallic joints for chip stacking by using thermal gradient bonding[J]. Acta Materialia, 2016. 113: 90-97., articleTitle=Full intermetallic joints for chip stacking by using thermal gradient bonding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728246440346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=36, authorNames=刘昊宇, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘昊宇. 基于三种焊接方法 Cu3Sn-Cu 复合微焊点的组织及力学性能[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨理工大学, 2021., articleTitle=基于三种焊接方法 Cu3Sn-Cu 复合微焊点的组织及力学性能, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728296771995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Liu Haoyu, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Haoyu. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu3Sn-Cu composite micro-joints based on three bonding methods[D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2021. (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu3Sn-Cu composite micro-joints based on three bonding methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728372269468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=23, issue=7, pageStart=583, pageEnd=594, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Vianco P T, Hlava P F, Kilgo A C, journalName=Journal of Electronic Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vianco P T, Hlava P F, Kilgo A C. Intermetallic compound layer formation between copper and hot-dipped 100In, 50In-50Sn, 100Sn, and 63Sn-37Pb coatings[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 1994. 23(7): 583-594., articleTitle=Intermetallic compound layer formation between copper and hot-dipped 100In, 50In-50Sn, 100Sn, and 63Sn-37Pb coatings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728439378333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=32, issue=12, pageStart=1403, pageEnd=1413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Deng X, Piotrowski G, Williams J J, et al., journalName=Journal of Electronic Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng X, Piotrowski G, Williams J J, et al.. Influence of initial morphology and thickness of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallics on growth and evolution during thermal aging of Sn-Ag solder/Cu joints[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2003. 32(12): 1403-1413., articleTitle=Influence of initial morphology and thickness of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallics on growth and evolution during thermal aging of Sn-Ag solder/Cu joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728489709982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=396, issue=1-2, pageStart=115, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Takenaka T, Kano S, Kajihara M, et al., journalName=Materials Science and Engineering: A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Takenaka T, Kano S, Kajihara M, et al.. Growth behavior of compound layers in Sn/Cu/Sn diffusion couples during annealing at 433-473K[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2005. 396(1-2): 115-123., articleTitle=Growth behavior of compound layers in Sn/Cu/Sn diffusion couples during annealing at 433-473K, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728544235935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=786, issue=null, pageStart=677, pageEnd=687, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Sun Lei, Chen Minghe, Zhang Liang, journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Lei, Chen Minghe, Zhang Liang. Microstructure evolution and grain orientation of IMC in Cu-Sn TLP bonding solder joints[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019. 786: 677-687., articleTitle=Microstructure evolution and grain orientation of IMC in Cu-Sn TLP bonding solder joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728602956192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=284, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=42, authorNames=何溪, 李晓延, 张伟栋, journalName=微纳电子技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何溪, 李晓延, 张伟栋, 等. 微电子封装中全 Cu3Sn 焊点高温服役下的微观组织演变[J]. 微纳电子技术, 2022. 59(3): 284-291., articleTitle=微电子封装中全 Cu3Sn 焊点高温服役下的微观组织演变, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728657482145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=284, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=43, authorNames=He Xi, Li Xiaoyan, Zhang Weidong, et al., journalName=Micronanoelectronic Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Xi, Li Xiaoyan, Zhang Weidong, et al.. Microstructure evolution of full-Cu3Sn solder joints in microelectronic packaging under high-temperature service[J]. Micronanoelectronic Technology, 2022. 59(3): 284-291 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Microstructure evolution of full-Cu3Sn solder joints in microelectronic packaging under high-temperature service, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728716202402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=9, pageStart=169, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=44, authorNames=朱阳阳, 李晓延, 张伟栋, journalName=材料工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱阳阳, 李晓延, 张伟栋, 等. 全 Cu3Sn 焊点在高温时效下的组织及力学性能[J]. 材料工程, 2022. 50(9): 169-176., articleTitle=全 Cu3Sn 焊点在高温时效下的组织及力学性能, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728770728355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=9, pageStart=169, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Zhu Yangyang, Li Xiaoyan, Zhang Weidong, et al., journalName=Journal of Materials Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Yangyang, Li Xiaoyan, Zhang Weidong, et al.. Microstructure and mechanical property of full Cu3Sn solder joints during high-temperature aging[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022. 50(9): 169-176 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Microstructure and mechanical property of full Cu3Sn solder joints during high-temperature aging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728833642916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=76, issue=null, pageStart=378, pageEnd=382, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Brincker M, Söhl S, Eisele R, et al., journalName=Microelectronics Reliability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brincker M, Söhl S, Eisele R, et al.. Strength and reliability of low temperature transient liquid phase bonded CuSnCu interconnects[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2017. 76: 378-382., articleTitle=Strength and reliability of low temperature transient liquid phase bonded CuSnCu interconnects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728888168869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=104, issue=null, pageStart=113543, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Li Junhui, Zhang Yuexin, Zhang Haoliang, et al., journalName=Microelectronics Reliability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Junhui, Zhang Yuexin, Zhang Haoliang, et al.. The thermal cycling reliability of copper pillar solder bump in flip chip via thermal compression bonding[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2020. 104: 113543., articleTitle=The thermal cycling reliability of copper pillar solder bump in flip chip via thermal compression bonding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728934306214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=92, issue=null, pageStart=20, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Bettahi Y, Richard C, journalName=Microelectronics Reliability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bettahi Y, Richard C. Evolution of microstructure of lead free Cu/Sn solders and copper oxide phase precipitation in Cu3Sn intermetallic during thermal cycling[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2019. 92: 20-26., articleTitle=Evolution of microstructure of lead free Cu/Sn solders and copper oxide phase precipitation in Cu3Sn intermetallic during thermal cycling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049728993026471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=49, authorNames=姚健, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚健. 电迁移作用下无铅微电子封装焊点可靠性研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2012., articleTitle=电迁移作用下无铅微电子封装焊点可靠性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049729047552424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Yao Jian, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao Jian. Reliability investigation of lead-free micro-electronic packaging polder point under plectromigration[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Reliability investigation of lead-free micro-electronic packaging polder point under plectromigration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049729106272681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=49, issue=23, pageStart=8, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=51, authorNames=徐刘峰, 李晓延, 姚鹏, journalName=热加工工艺, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐刘峰, 李晓延, 姚鹏, 等. 电迁移对全 Cu3Sn 焊点形貌及剪切性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2020. 49(23): 8-11., articleTitle=电迁移对全 Cu3Sn 焊点形貌及剪切性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049729173381546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=49, issue=23, pageStart=8, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Xu Liufeng, Li Xiaoyan, Yao Peng, et al., journalName=Hot Working Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Liufeng, Li Xiaoyan, Yao Peng, et al.. Effect of electromigration on morphology and shear property of full Cu3Sn solder joints[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2020. 49(23): 8-11 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Effect of electromigration on morphology and shear property of full Cu3Sn solder joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049729236296107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=252, pageEnd=255, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=2016 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Electromigration in microbumps with Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds[C]// 2016 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP), 2016: 252-255., articleTitle=Electromigration in microbumps with Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154049729303404972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=2674, pageEnd=2681, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=54, authorNames=An Rong, Tian Yanhong, Zhang Rui, et al., journalName=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=An Rong, Tian Yanhong, Zhang Rui, et al.. Electromigration-induced intermetallic growth and voids formation in symmetrical Cu/Sn/Cu and Cu/intermetallic compounds (IMCs)/Cu joints[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2015. 26(5): 2674-2681., articleTitle=Electromigration-induced intermetallic growth and voids formation in symmetrical Cu/Sn/Cu and Cu/intermetallic compounds (IMCs)/Cu joints, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154049725499171186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, awardId=CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0187, language=EN, fundingSource=Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0187), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154049725637583219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, awardId=CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0187, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0187), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154049725692109172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, awardId=L233038, language=EN, fundingSource=Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Millet Innovation Joint Fund(L233038), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154049725750829429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, awardId=L233038, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市自然科学基金-小米创新联合基金资助项目(L233038), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154049720780579110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720784773415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720788967720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720780579110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154049720881242409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720885436714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720881242409, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Research Institute Beijing University of Technology Chongqing 400015 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049720889631019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049720881242409, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京工业大学 重庆研究院 重庆 400015)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154049721032237356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721044820269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721032237356, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721053208878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721032237356, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 清华大学 机械工程系 北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154049721132900655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721137094960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721132900655, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing 100096 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154049721145483569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, companyId=1154049721132900655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 北京信息科技大学 机电工程学院 北京 100096)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154049724136022366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Three different types of joint ${}^{\left\lbrack {16}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=k7TcJoUqobjSIPi3vIzPGQ==, figureFileBig=dQrTRdDWsL6m2idU5Py+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724186354015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=图1, caption=3种不同类型的接头 ${}^{\left\lbrack {16}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=k7TcJoUqobjSIPi3vIzPGQ==, figureFileBig=dQrTRdDWsL6m2idU5Py+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724236685664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Changes in joint tissue at different ultrasonic assisted time ${}^{\left\lbrack {17}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=7AtkfVGyEv/NdXsafEXabw==, figureFileBig=JaXFlnPV3hfxUrBStRWhBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724287017313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同超声辅助时间下接头组织变化 ${}^{\left\lbrack {17}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=7AtkfVGyEv/NdXsafEXabw==, figureFileBig=JaXFlnPV3hfxUrBStRWhBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724337348962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Joint morphology ${}^{\left\lbrack {23}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=w5I7SMRxwIbhNBTJmbsrqQ==, figureFileBig=7cG6b5fYilBzDHvFvJQs8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724396069219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=图3, caption=接头形貌 ${}^{\left\lbrack {23}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=w5I7SMRxwIbhNBTJmbsrqQ==, figureFileBig=7cG6b5fYilBzDHvFvJQs8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724471566692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Evolution of joint tissue at ${300}{}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{\left\lbrack {24}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=BimH2+E9WhUwrSttwIBrCw==, figureFileBig=tmP4sCAOFL/NoioRFhRd9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724521898341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=图4, caption=300 ℃下接头组织演化过程 ${}^{\left\lbrack {24}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=BimH2+E9WhUwrSttwIBrCw==, figureFileBig=tmP4sCAOFL/NoioRFhRd9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724593201510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Changes in joint tissue at different temperature gradients ${}^{\left\lbrack {29}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=RgY5FqC+OlLnKzCjG+JX2Q==, figureFileBig=OopVvqR8l5WxhTqD7qkc3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724647727463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同温度梯度下接头组织变化 ${}^{\left\lbrack {29}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=RgY5FqC+OlLnKzCjG+JX2Q==, figureFileBig=OopVvqR8l5WxhTqD7qkc3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724714836328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Shear strength of Cu-Sn full IMC joint prepared using different methods ${}^{\left\lbrack {11}- {24}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=FsHZDGbMDEBj2yctXSQRWQ==, figureFileBig=mFObRfGtjqdreWCsv0EZAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724773556585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同制备方法中 Cu-Sn 全 IMC 接头剪切强度 ${}^{\left\lbrack {11}- {24}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=FsHZDGbMDEBj2yctXSQRWQ==, figureFileBig=mFObRfGtjqdreWCsv0EZAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724840665450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Micro-morphology evolution of joint when current density is $1 \times {10}^{4}\mathrm{\;A}/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{2\left\lbrack {41}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=+D7tdeWKMQdBNeTwUAz00g==, figureFileBig=LLeYtdcDwXoYexV+2bNg4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724895191403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=图7, caption=电流密度为 $1 \times {10}^{4}\mathrm{\;A}/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{2}$ 时接头微观形貌演变 ${}^{\left\lbrack {41}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=+D7tdeWKMQdBNeTwUAz00g==, figureFileBig=LLeYtdcDwXoYexV+2bNg4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154049724953911660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Features of three common high-temperature interconnection packaging schemes ${}^{\left\lbrack 9 -{10}\right\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
连接层材料 案例 优势 不足 主流工艺
高熔点合金焊料 Au-Sn 高温、高导电率,抗腐蚀能力强 成本高 回流焊等 330~410 ℃
$\mathrm{{Bi}}- \mathrm{{Ag}}$ 成本适中、无毒 塑性和润湿性差
Pb-Sn 良好的延展性和润湿性能 有毒
微/纳米金属颗粒 烧结 Ag 导电率高, 烧结时不易氧化 成本高、有电迁移问题 烧结 200~300 ℃
烧结 Cu 成本低、导电导热性好 制备、服役时易氧化
全 IMC Cu-Sn 成本低、应用广泛 塑性较低 TLP 等 250~300 ℃
Ag-Sn 导电性能和抗蠕变性能优异 润湿性差、成本较高
Cu-In 延展性好, 扩散速率快 成本较高
Sn-Ni 生成物熔点高 扩散速度很慢
), ArticleFig(id=1154049725021020525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=表1, caption=常见 3 种耐高温互连封装方案特点 ${}^{\lbrack 9 -{10}\rbrack }$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
连接层材料 案例 优势 不足 主流工艺
高熔点合金焊料 Au-Sn 高温、高导电率,抗腐蚀能力强 成本高 回流焊等 330~410 ℃
$\mathrm{{Bi}}- \mathrm{{Ag}}$ 成本适中、无毒 塑性和润湿性差
Pb-Sn 良好的延展性和润湿性能 有毒
微/纳米金属颗粒 烧结 Ag 导电率高, 烧结时不易氧化 成本高、有电迁移问题 烧结 200~300 ℃
烧结 Cu 成本低、导电导热性好 制备、服役时易氧化
全 IMC Cu-Sn 成本低、应用广泛 塑性较低 TLP 等 250~300 ℃
Ag-Sn 导电性能和抗蠕变性能优异 润湿性差、成本较高
Cu-In 延展性好, 扩散速率快 成本较高
Sn-Ni 生成物熔点高 扩散速度很慢
), ArticleFig(id=1154049725083935086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Material characteristics of each IMC (connection temperature $\leq {300}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 产物 熔点/℃ 特点
Cu-Sn ${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 415 成本低、互连性好、
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 676 塑性较差
Ag-Sn $\mathrm{{Ag}}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 480 导电性好、成本高、 塑性较差
Cu-In ${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{11}{\mathrm{{In}}}_{9}$ 307 延展性好, 力学性能差.
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{2}\mathrm{{In}}$ 667 成本高
Sn-Ni ${\mathrm{{Ni}}}_{3}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{4}$ 794 塑性好、形成速度 十分缓慢
), ArticleFig(id=1154049725134266735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=表2, caption=IMC 材料特点 (连接温度 $\leq {300}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 产物 熔点/℃ 特点
Cu-Sn ${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 415 成本低、互连性好、
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 676 塑性较差
Ag-Sn $\mathrm{{Ag}}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 480 导电性好、成本高、 塑性较差
Cu-In ${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{11}{\mathrm{{In}}}_{9}$ 307 延展性好, 力学性能差.
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{2}\mathrm{{In}}$ 667 成本高
Sn-Ni ${\mathrm{{Ni}}}_{3}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{4}$ 794 塑性好、形成速度 十分缓慢
), ArticleFig(id=1154049725226541424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Physical properties of $\mathrm{{Sn}},{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5},{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ and $\mathrm{{Cu}}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 硬度/GPa 杨氏模量 /GPa 屈服强度 /MPa 抗拉强度 /MPa 剪切强度 /MPa 导热率$/\lbrack \mathrm{W}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{{cm}}\cdot \mathrm{K}\right)}^{-1}$ 电阻率$/\left({{\mu \Omega }\cdot \mathrm{{cm}}}\right)$ 熔点/℃
Sn ${0.11}\pm {0.05}$ ${51.00}\pm {5.00}$ ${35.0}\pm {0.4}$ 220 40~50 0.668 11.50 232
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 5.67~6.09 ${116.89}\pm {2.04}$ 2009.00±63.00 ${1130}\pm {40}$ 670 0.341 17.50 415
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 7.00 133.39±4.44 4600.00 6100~17500 1700~4400 0.704 8.80 676
Cu ${1.70}\pm {0.20}$ 110.00 33.30 210 - 4.000 1.71 1085
), ArticleFig(id=1154049725302038897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049691189764352, language=CN, label=表3, caption=$\mathrm{{Sn}}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 和 $\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 的物理性质, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 硬度/GPa 杨氏模量 /GPa 屈服强度 /MPa 抗拉强度 /MPa 剪切强度 /MPa 导热率$/\lbrack \mathrm{W}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{{cm}}\cdot \mathrm{K}\right)}^{-1}$ 电阻率$/\left({{\mu \Omega }\cdot \mathrm{{cm}}}\right)$ 熔点/℃
Sn ${0.11}\pm {0.05}$ ${51.00}\pm {5.00}$ ${35.0}\pm {0.4}$ 220 40~50 0.668 11.50 232
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 5.67~6.09 ${116.89}\pm {2.04}$ 2009.00±63.00 ${1130}\pm {40}$ 670 0.341 17.50 415
${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 7.00 133.39±4.44 4600.00 6100~17500 1700~4400 0.704 8.80 676
Cu ${1.70}\pm {0.20}$ 110.00 33.30 210 - 4.000 1.71 1085
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1046111678587809797, delFlag=0, nameCn=电源学报, nameEn=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-2805, eissn=, cn=12-1420/TM, coden=null, periodic=bio-monthly, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=J Power Supp, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1759802942253, createdBy=null, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, picEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1162453073839375337, language=CN, name=电源学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/home, createdTime=1755080010137, updatedTime=1755080010137, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1162453073902289898, language=EN, name=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, createdTime=1755080010152, updatedTime=1755080010152, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031654075715584, websiteList=[Website(id=1146832214672683008, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751355707101, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435268747, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155559379819679852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753436425404, updateTime=1753436425404, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379798708329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753436425399, updateTime=1753436425399, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379781931112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1753436425396, updateTime=1753436425396, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379811291243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753436425402, updateTime=1753436425402, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379802902634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753436425400, updateTime=1753436425400, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1148243202240405915, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112741, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435242839, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618015060553758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781475081, updateTime=1751781475081, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015035387931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781475075, updateTime=1751781475075, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015022805018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1751781475072, updateTime=1751781475072, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015052165149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781475079, updateTime=1751781475079, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015043776540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781475077, updateTime=1751781475077, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=电源学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Power Supply, journalPhotoCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPhotoEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
功率器件封装用 Cu-Sn全 IMC 接头制备及其可靠性研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
胡虎安 1 , 贾强 1, 2 , 王乙舒 1 , 籍晓亮 1 , 邹贵生 3 , 郭福 1, 4
电源学报 | 封装设计与优化 2024,22(3): 62-71
收起
收藏切换
电源学报 | 封装设计与优化 2024, 22(3): 62-71
功率器件封装用 Cu-Sn全 IMC 接头制备及其可靠性研究进展
全屏
胡虎安1 , 贾强1, 2 , 王乙舒1 , 籍晓亮1 , 邹贵生3 , 郭福1, 4
作者信息
  • 1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124
  • 2 北京工业大学 重庆研究院 重庆 400015
  • 3 清华大学 机械工程系 北京 100084
  • 4 北京信息科技大学 机电工程学院 北京 100096
  • 胡虎安(1995-),男,硕士。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: huhuan@emails.bjut.edu.cn。

    贾强(1991-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:功率器件封装。E-mail: jiaqiang@bjut.edu.cn。

    王乙舒(1985-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: yishu.wang@bjut.edu.cn。

    籍晓亮(1994-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: jixiaoliang@bjut.edu.cn。

    邹贵生(1966-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:微纳连接与成形制造。E-mail: zougsh@tsinghua.edu.cn。

    郭福(1971-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:先进电子封装材料。E-mail: guofu@bjut.edu.cn。

Research Progress in Preparation and Reliability of Cu-Sn Full IMC Joints for Power Device Packaging
Hu'an HU1 , Qiang JIA1, 2 , Yishu WANG1 , Xiaoliang JI1 , Guisheng ZOU3 , Fu GUO1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
  • 2 Chongqing Research Institute Beijing University of Technology Chongqing 400015 China
  • 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
  • 4 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing 100096 China
出版时间: 2024-05-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62
文章导航
收藏切换

随着功率半导体器件的服役环境越来越恶劣,以碳化硅(SiC)为代表的第三代半导体凭借其优异的高温性能成为行业应用主流。但目前尚缺乏与之相匹配的低成本、耐高温的互连材料,成为了制约行业发展的瓶颈。Cu-Sn 全金属间化合物(IMC)因其成本低、导电性好且满足低温连接、高温服役的特点被认为是理想的SiC芯片互连材料之一。针对功率半导体器件封装,对国内外近年来 Cu-Sn全IMC接头的制备方法和可靠性进行了分析和综述,并讨论了目前亟待解决的问题和未来的发展趋势。

功率器件封装  /  全金属间化合物  /  制备工艺  /  可靠性

As the service environment of power semiconductor devices becomes more and more severe, the third-generation semiconductor represented by silicon carbide (SiC) has become the mainstream of industry applications owing to its excellent high-temperature performance. However, the lack of bounding materials which not only match with SiC chips but also have a low cost and a high melting point has become a bottleneck in the development of the industry. Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are considered to be ideal bounding materials for SiC chips because of their low cost, good conductivity and characteristics that meet the requirements of low-temperature bonding and high-temperature service. Aimed at the power semiconductor device packaging, the preparation and reliability of Cu-Sn full IMC joints at home and abroad in recent years are analyzed and reviewed, and the problems to be solved at present and the development trend in the future are discussed.

Power device packaging  /  full intermetallic compound (IMC)  /  preparation process  /  reliability
胡虎安, 贾强, 王乙舒, 籍晓亮, 邹贵生, 郭福. 功率器件封装用 Cu-Sn全 IMC 接头制备及其可靠性研究进展. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (3) : 62 -71 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62
Hu'an HU, Qiang JIA, Yishu WANG, Xiaoliang JI, Guisheng ZOU, Fu GUO. Research Progress in Preparation and Reliability of Cu-Sn Full IMC Joints for Power Device Packaging[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (3) : 62 -71 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62
随着高铁、电动汽车和航空航天等领域的快速发展, 作为电力控制核心的功率半导体器件的服役环境越来越恶劣,服役温度要求越来越高。第三代半导体碳化硅 SiC(silicon carbide)等凭借其在高温、 高压、高频等条件下的优异性能, 以及其理论工作温度甚至可以达 600 °C,成为了耐高温功率器件发展的主流[1-3]。要充分发挥$\mathrm{{SiC}}$ 芯片在高温条件下的优异性能, 必须匹配与之合适的高熔点互连材料和耐高温封装方法。目前,功率器件耐高温封装方法主要有 3 种,即高熔点合金焊料、微/纳金属颗粒烧结和全金属间化合物 IMC(intermetallic compound) 结构。连接材料能在较低温度下组装并在高温下服役是实际生产的现实需求, 而一般高熔点合金焊料需要较高的回流温度, 可能会对芯片及其周围封装结构造成热损伤。纳米尺寸的$\mathrm{{Ag}}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 颗粒烧结虽然可满足低温连接工艺, 但存在高成本和高孔隙率的问题。因此,在低温下形成全 IMC 接头已成为高温电子封装中非常有前途的解决方案。可以形成全 IMC 接头的焊料体系主要有 Cu-Sn、Cu-In、Sn-Ag、 Sn-Ni、Sn-Bi 等[48]。其中 Cu-Sn 焊料因成本低、导电性好及抗蠕变性能强等优点被认为是理想的$\mathrm{{SiC}}$ 芯片互连材料。本文对近年来国内外 Cu-Sn 全 IMC 接头的制备方法和可靠性的研究进行综合分析和评述, 并对未来的研究趋势进行展望。
常见的 3 种高温互连封装方案特点如表1 所示[9-10]。近年来,在低温下形成全 IMC 连接层技术备受研究人员关注。常见 IMC 材料体系如表2 所示, 主要包括 Cu-Sn、Ag-Sn、Cu-In、Sn-Ni 等。在这些材料中,$\mathrm{{Ag}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 材料成本较高;$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{In}}$ 材料生成的$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 熔点较低,适用于低温密封结构;Sn-Ni 材料 IMC 生成速度十分缓慢;而 Cu-Sn 材料因其成本低、互连性好的特点,应用最为广泛,是目前的主流选择。Cu-Sn 全 IMC 接头制备方法大体可分为传统制备方法、快速制备方法及其他制备方法。其中,传统制备方法有瞬态液相法 TLP(transient liquid phase)、固液互扩散 SLID(solid-liquid interdiffusion)键合法等;快速制备方法有加快原子扩散速度、减少原子间的扩散距离、 直接使用 IMC 颗粒烧结形成接头等;而其他制备方法则包括了温度梯度制备及电感加热制备。
瞬态液相法依靠基板$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 原子与中间熔化的$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层相互扩散形成 IMC。Liu Wei 等[11] 研究了温度对接头制备效率的影响,发现在${235}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 保温${150}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时,接头完全由${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}+ {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 组成; 当将温度提升至${265}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时,形成同样结构的接头仅需保温${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$, 所有接头的剪切强度为${8.5}\sim {24.2}\mathrm{{MPa}}$。关于${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 占比对接头力学性能的影响,邵华凯等[12]${300}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下保温${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时制备了${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}+ {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头,保温${150}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时制备了${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头,发现:${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ $+{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头及全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头均表现为脆性断裂,${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 晶粒会产生细晶强化,使得全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头力学性能较好; 当接头中${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 含量较少时,${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 占比不会明显改变接头强度;连接温度仅对IMC 形成速度有影响,对接头力学性能的影响不大。
Yao Peng 等[13] 使$\mathrm{{Cu}}/\mathrm{{Sn}}\left({{6\mu }\mathrm{m}}\right)/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 结构在温度为${260}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、压力为${0.04}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下保温,${120}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时获得了由${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}+ {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 组成的全 IMC 接头,${300}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时获得了全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头,并研究了不同${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 占比下接头力学性能变化,发现${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 含量提升会提高接头的剪切强度,全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头的剪切强度为${57.9}{\mathrm{{MPa}}}_{\circ }$ Lee B S 等[14] 采用 Sn-0.7Cu 焊膏作为中间层,焊接温度为${300}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,在压力为${0.2}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下键合$1\mathrm{\;h}$ 后获得由${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}+ {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 组成的接头,在压力为${2.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下键合$2\mathrm{\;h}$ 后获得全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头,结果表明${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}+$ ${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头的剪切强度仅有${10}\mathrm{{MPa}}$,而全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头剪切强度有${55}{\mathrm{{MPa}}}_{\circ }\mathrm{{Hang}}$ Chunjin 等[15] 在温度为${240}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下对$\mathrm{{Cu}}/\mathrm{{Sn}}\left({{30\mu }\mathrm{m}}\right)/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 接头保温${720}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后获得了含有孔洞的${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}+ {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头,当温度上升至${300}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,保温${480}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后获得了${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}+ {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头。金凤阳等[16]$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}- \mathrm{{Cu}}$ 三明治结构在压力为${0.06}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下进行钎焊,制备了有残余${\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{\text{、}}{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ -${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}- {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}- {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}- \mathrm{{Cu}}$ 这 3 种接头 (图1),其剪切强度分别为${23.26}\text{、}{33.59}\text{、}{51.83}{\mathrm{{MPa}}}_{\circ }$
传统方法制备全 IMC 接头的速度缓慢, 尤其是当连接层的厚度超过${30\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 时,制备时间甚至可达十几个小时, 难以满足高效封装的工况。为此, 研究者们提出了多种方式来加快反应速度, 从原理上大致可以分为加快 Cu-Sn 原子的扩散速度、减少$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 原子间的扩散距离、直接使用$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ IMC 颗粒烧结形成接头等。
通过辅助外加能量场能够明显加快接头制备速度, 目前的方式有超声辅助和电流驱动辅助等。 在超声辅助上,陈达龙等[17] 将铜片和锡箔堆叠为$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}- \mathrm{{Cu}}$ 三明治结构,在铜片上方施加的压力为${0.06}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 、超声频率为${20}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 、功率为${600}\mathrm{\;W}$,当超声时间为${15}\mathrm{\;s}$ 时形成了${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}+ {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 接头,当超声时间为${20}\mathrm{\;s}$ 时形成了全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头,接头组织变化如图2 所示。陈达龙等[17] 还对试样进行了剪切试验, 发现断口呈现出明显的脆性断裂或者以脆性断裂为主的断裂特征。Liu$\mathrm{{JH}}$[18] 同样采用超声辅助 TLP 工艺获得了完整的 Cu-Sn 全 IMC 接头,并对其组织和力学性能进行了研究, 结果表明, 相较于传统的 TLP 工艺, 超声辅助 TLP 工艺制备的接头力学性能更为均匀,接头弹性模量为${123}\mathrm{{GPa}}$ 、硬度值为${6.0}\mathrm{{GPa}}$ 、抗剪强度为${60.1}\mathrm{{MPa}}$。也有研究人员利用电流驱动键合制备全金属间化合物接头。在电场作用下, 金属原子通常会沿着电子运动方向发生定向迁移,可以促进阳极界面 IMC 的生长[19]。Feng Jiayun 等[20] 在电流密度为$2 \times {10}^{2}\mathrm{\;A}/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{2}$ 条件下制备$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 接头,在电流作用下,${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 快速生长,最终形成全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 接头。超声辅助 TLP 连接工艺为高温功率器件的芯片互连提供了一种新的方案,但是超声波会对电子器件造成不可逆的损伤。 电流驱动辅助制备对${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 的生长有明显促进作用,但对${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 相的生长效果不明显,而且当外加电流较大时也可能会对芯片造成损伤。
减少$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 原子间的扩散距离是目前较为可行的快速制备思路,主要采用$\mathrm{{Cu}}@\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 颗粒、多种颗粒混合、泡沫 Cu+Sn 焊料和多层三明治结构等。Peng Xianwen 等[21] 研究了$\mathrm{{Cu}}@ \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 核壳$\left({w\left(\mathrm{{Sn}}\right)= {60}\%}\right)$ 粉末瞬时液相烧结连接的组织演变和性能, 在键合过程中,当$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 逐渐消耗完毕,接头由${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 组成。Tang$\mathrm{Y}$${}^{122}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}@\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 粉末与$\mathrm{{SAC}}{305}$ 粉末为基础制备混合焊膏,使接头在温度为${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、压力为${1.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下保温${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$,接头组织主要由${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 组成,抗剪强度超过${40}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ; 当$\mathrm{{Cu}}@\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 颗粒作为连接材料时,可防止$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 在回流期间氧化形成$\mathrm{{CuO}}$,进而提高接头的剪切强度。Liu Jiaxin 等[23] 制备了镀 Sn 的泡沫 Cu 焊片,并将该焊片置于 2 个镀银$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 基板之间,在温度为${280}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、压力为${2.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下保温不同时间研究接头的性能。研究结果显示, 接头具有较好的抗氧化性, 随着时间延长接头孔隙率逐渐减少,30 min 后接头孔隙率降至最低,接头形貌如图3 所示。江琛[24] 对多层$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 结构形成全 IMC 接头进行了研究,在温度为${300}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$${20}\mathrm{\;N}$ 条件下,不同保温时间的接头组织变化如图4 所示,可见: 在保温时间为$2 \sim 5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时,$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 层的溶解使$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 层呈扇贝状形貌,${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层较为平整; 在保温时间为${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时,接头中相邻${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 生长合并,最终呈现$\mathrm{{Cu}}- {\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}- \mathrm{{Cu}}$ 结构。
使用 Cu-Sn IMC 颗粒烧结形成接头具有较好的导热性、导电率及韧性。Zhong Ying 等。[25] 在温度为${200}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、压力为$5\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下烧结纳米${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 膏体, 保温${20}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后得到全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 接头。Guo Longjun 等[26-27] 在温度为${200}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、压力为${10}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 下烧结纳米${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{10}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{3}$ 膏体,保温${20}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后得到全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{10}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{3}$ 接头,但由于温度较低,有机物挥发较为困难,接头内有大量裂纹和孔洞;当温度升高至${300}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时,裂纹及孔洞消失。由此可见, 纳米 IMC 颗粒烧结增强了接头的塑性和韧性,但 IMC 颗粒制备流程复杂、成本较高,同时还要考虑烧结时有机物挥发及孔隙问题。
在温度梯度的作用下, 金属原子从高温区域向低温区域发生定向迁移, 这种现象被称为热迁移效应[28]。Yang T L等[29] 研究了温度梯度对接头组织生长的影响, 对接头上、下两端分别加热, 上端温度为${300}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,下端温度为${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,保温$5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后接头上、下两端的${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 便相互接触并合并;然而, 对于两侧等温加热的样品, 即使两侧加热温度均为${300}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,相同时间下两侧${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 晶粒依旧未发生相互接触,如图5 所示。刘昊宇[30] 采用感应加热的方式对$\mathrm{{Cu}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 复合焊片$/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 三明治结构进行焊接, 发现高频感应焊接过程与传统回流焊有所不同,由于电磁搅拌作用促进了$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 元素的扩散,使得接头中${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 组织先是以平面层状生长,后变成柱状生长。
目前, 在全 IMC 接头的制备方法中, TLP 及 SLID 互连技术虽然无须助焊剂,但由于$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 原子只能从基板处扩散至连接层中心,导致接头制备速度缓慢, 在功率器件封装中的应用受到限制。在快速制备方法中, 外加能量场确实能大幅加快制备速度, 但外加能量场机构设置困难, 外加的能量容易损坏器件其他结构。利用物理或者化学手段直接制备出纳米 IMC 颗粒, 再通过烧结工艺制备接头的方法增强了接头的塑性和韧性, 但颗粒制备流程复杂, 还要克服烧结工艺中出现的问题。上述不同制备方法中$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 全 IMC 接头剪切强度如图6 所示[11-24],对于同一方法制备的接头,全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头相较于${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 接头剪切强度更高,这一方面是因为${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 强度比${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 高 (表3),另一方面是因为全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头中${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 晶粒比${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 小,会产生细晶强化现象,再加上接头中界面减少,共同提高了接头剪切强度。对于不同的制备方法, 与传统 TLP 工艺得到的全 IMC 接头剪切强度(约${35}\sim {40}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ )及锡基钎料接头的剪切强度(约${20}\sim {30}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ )相比,超声和电流辅助接头普遍具有更高的互连强度(约 50~${70}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ),这是因为外加能量场细化晶粒起到了强化接头力学性能的效果。
接头制备时工艺参数涉及连接温度、连接层厚度、辅助压力大小及外加能量场等,依据 Vianco$\mathrm{{PT}}$[31] 对 IMC 层的生长机理的研究,发现其生长厚度[31-32] 符合
$ X\left( t\right)= {X}_{0}+ \left\lbrack {{A}_{0}\exp \left({-Q/{RT}}\right)}\right\rbrack {t}^{n}$
式中:$X\left( t\right)$ 为时间$t$ 后界面处 IMC 层的厚度;${X}_{0}$ 为界面处初始 IMC 层的厚度;${A}_{0}$ 为数值常数;$Q$ 为扩散活化能;$R$ 为气体摩尔常数,$R ={8.314}\mathrm{\;J}/\left({\mathrm{{mol}}\cdot \mathrm{K}}\right)$$T$ 为热力学温度;$t$ 为加热时间;$n$ 为时间指标。
根据时间指标$n$ 的取值,可以区分出以下 3 种类型的 IMC 生长机制。当$n = 1$ 时,生长规律服从线性生长。线性生长意味着生长速率仅受生长部位反应速率的限制, 而不受 IMC 组分扩散到反应部位速率的限制。当$n = 1/2$ 时,增长规律遵循抛物线增长。当层生长受元素向反应界面体积扩散控制时, 抛物线生长动力学适用。随着 IMC 层厚度的增加, IMC 层的生长变得越来越困难, 这是因为 1 个或多个IMC 组成元素的扩散必须通过已有的 IMC 层扩散才能到达反应部位。当$n = 1/3$ 时,增长规律为次抛物线增长,当层生长受元素向反应部位晶界扩散控制时,采用次抛物线生长动力学[33]
由式 (1) 可知, 当 IMC 生长类型相同时, 界面处 IMC 厚度的增加受温度、时效时间和扩散系数等因素的共同影响, 快接头制备速度需要提高连接温度、提高辅助压力、减少接头厚度并增加外加能量。但在实际生产应用中,由于材料及结构限制,提高温度、压力和外加能量可能导致芯片受损,而减薄接头厚度可能使得结构可靠性下降, 因此减少$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 原子间的扩散距离实现制备速度与焊料层厚度的解耦是未来较有潜力的发展方向。
随着电力电子系统服役环境越来越严苛,功率器件的封装可靠性成为近年来研究关注的重点。接头可靠性研究主要包括热老化、温度循环、电迁移下组织及其性能变化等。对于全 IMC 接头而言, 目前的研究主要针对接头的力学性能与高温可靠性展开。
功率器件的连接层在长时间服役过程中受到自身产热和复杂环境温度影响, 其服役温度范围涵盖了${150}\sim {600}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$。研究全 IMC 接头在不同热老化温度下的组织变化和可靠性极为必要。Sun Lei 等[34] 发现${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头在温度为${150}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、时效为${90}\mathrm{\;d}$ 后,${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 之间出现了许多明显的裂纹,且裂纹出现在$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 基板附近较大的 Kirkendall 空洞中,并逐渐向${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 内部延伸,最终与${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 内部的空洞相连,严重影响了接头的可靠性。Tang$\mathrm{Y}$[22] 发现$\mathrm{{Cu}}@\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 粉末与$\mathrm{{SAC}}{305}$ 粉末制备的接头在温度为${300}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、时效为${800}\mathrm{\;h}$ 后,$\mathrm{{Cu}}@\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 颗粒为$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 的快速生成提供了许多反应界面, 而 SAC305 提供的$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 原子抑制了${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 的形核和生长,使得老化中形成的 Kirkendall 空洞分布在${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 之间的界面上, 这一特征让接头具有优异的抗剪切能力,老化后的接头强度仍保持在${60}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 以上。对于温度为${500}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 以上的高温环境,何溪等[35] 通过 TLP 连接工艺制备全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头,并在温度为${570}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下进行高温老化,结果表明,全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头中的${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层首先会全部转变为${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{41}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{11}$,最终转变为均匀的$\alpha \left(\mathrm{{Cu}}\right)$ 固溶体。在固溶体转变过程中,接头中心处产生大量连续空洞, 严重影响接头的可靠性。朱阳阳等[36] 将全${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头置于管式炉中进行${620}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时效,时效过程中连接层内出现了${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{\smallsetminus }{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{20}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{6}$${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{13.7}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 三种相。当时效时间为$7\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时,焊缝中间位置就已出现了微小空洞, 但该微小空洞非但不会降低接头的力学性能, 反而能够阻止裂纹扩展, 从而提高接头的可靠性; 而当时效时间至${120}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时, 焊缝中间位置的空洞数量进一步增加, 聚合成为微裂纹,接头可靠性降低。
器件在服役过程中连接层会受到来自环境和冷却系统的影响而经历较大的温度波动, 由于 IMC 连接层和 DBC 基板热膨胀系数 CTE(coefficient of thermal expansion)不匹配,随着热循环次数的增多, 界面应力集中处会萌生裂纹而导致器件失效。为了探究$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 接头在温度循环下的组织变化和可靠性, Brincker$\mathrm{M}$[37]$\mathrm{{Cu}}/{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}/\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 结构的接头进行了$-{40}\sim {150}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下的热循环试验,发现在 250 个热循环周期后, 接头组织仍有较好的均匀性, 与银烧结接头相比, 接头具有更好的可靠性。 Li Junhui 等[38] 对接头进行了温度为$-{40}\sim {120}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下的热循环试验, 接头的失效模式主要为脆性断裂, 裂纹主要发生在基板侧的${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 之间的界面处,主要失效模式是在基板侧的${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 界面处发生分层,然后两侧的${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 晶粒破碎。Bettahi Y 等[39]${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}/{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}/{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头在温度为$-{65}\sim {250}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下循环,发现:65 次热循环后接头仅剩下${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 组织,并且形成了柱状生长的$\mathrm{{CuO}}$ 新相;经过 260 次热循环后,${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层厚度继续增长,平均厚度达到了${5.94\mu }\mathrm{m}$; 剪切测试后发现,随着热循环次数增加, 剪切强度也在增加, 这可能是由于新生成的$\mathrm{{CuO}}$ 相增强了接头的可靠性。
当前功率器件所需电流密度大幅度上升,高密度电子流动下阴极端的$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 原子向阳极端迁移,使得接头容易产生相分离和粗化,界面易产生空洞等缺陷[40]。国内外对于$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 接头电迁移行为的研究主要包括空洞形成与长大机制、微观组织变化及接头可靠性等。徐刘峰等[41] 在温度为${120}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时对比了电流密度为$1 \times {10}^{4}\mathrm{\;A}/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{2}$${1.6}\times {10}^{4}\mathrm{\;A}/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{2}$ 时接头的微观形貌演变过程, 发现随着通电时间的增加,电迁移作用下$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 原子扩散占主导地位,空洞不断在${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层中间产生并聚集长大,最终在${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层中间形成 1 条裂纹状缺陷,如图7 所示。 Chu Yicheng 等[42] 制备了${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}/{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}/{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 接头, 在温度为${150}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下施加密度为${2.2}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{\;A}/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{2}$ 的电流, 发现: 随着电迁移的进行, 阴极端形成了部分多孔${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层,并且接头电阻增加; 在电阻的增加量由${10}\%$ 变为${50}\%$ 时,多孔${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 组织不断变大,使${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 层变成更小的梯形甚至变成了三角形,同时接头的可靠性降低。An Rong 等[43] 用厚度为$4\mathrm{\;{mm}}$$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 基板和厚度为${30\mu }\mathrm{m}$$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 箔制备了含$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 接头和全$\mathrm{{IMC}}\left({{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}/{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}/{\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}}\right)$ 接头,施加电流密度为${1.0}\times {10}^{4}\mathrm{\;A}/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{2}$,发现在含$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 的接头中,${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 层沿阳极快速增长,经过${192}\mathrm{\;h}$ 后变为全 IMC 接头,组织变化过程中${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{3}\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 层的增长几乎不受极性影响,并且在${\mathrm{{Cu}}}_{6}{\mathrm{{Sn}}}_{5}$ 层中出现了许多细小的孔洞,影响了接头的可靠性。
综上所述, 接头在服役过程中受到的环境应力主要包括高温、温度循环和电压电流负载等。其中, 高温下的热老化会加剧连接层内部、连接层与界面间的热扩散;温度循环则会由于接头中不同材料热膨胀系数失配而导致应力集中、热疲劳等问题,过大的电压电流负载会引起电迁移、热迁移等行为, 从而造成界面失效等问题。器件在实际服役时可能会遇到多种应力叠加,甚至更复杂的情况(如高湿、 震动环境),从而诱发新的失效模式, 导致封装结构的服役寿命缩短。在热老化及电迁移过程中, Cu-Sn 全 IMC 接头主要失效形式表现为原子迁移形成的 Kirkendall 空洞甚至微裂纹, 严重影响了互连体系的可靠性; 而在温度循环下,由于与$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 有较为接近的热膨胀系数,$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 全 IMC 接头的可靠性表现较为优异。
目前, 全 IMC 接头在第三代半导体芯片封装上尚无成熟的商业产品推出, 但随着近年来该领域的研究进展和突破, 基于 TLPS 技术研发的$\mathrm{{Cu}}@\mathrm{{Sn}}@\mathrm{X}$ 焊片材料已通过部分应用验证及同行评价,并在新能源汽车、通讯和电机等领域初步应用。$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 接头满足低温制备、高温服役的封装特性,且具有成本低、导电性好的优点,是 SiC 功率器件较为理想的连接层材料之一, 但在接头的制备方法和可靠性上仍有诸多需要解决的问题。
(1)TLP 及 SLID 工艺虽无须助焊剂,但制备$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 接头效率较慢。在快速制备全$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 接头方法中,外加能量场能够有效提升制备效率, 但需要额外设置外加能量机构,生产时需要对其可靠性及成本进行考虑。目前 IMC 颗粒烧结技术颗粒制备流程较为复杂, 迫切需要开发新的 IMC 颗粒制备技术。
(2)减少 Cu-Sn 原子间的扩散距离实现了制备速度与焊料层厚度解耦, 是目前较为可行的封装方案之一。以核壳颗粒及焊膏填充泡沫$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 为连接层的方式容易产生孔洞, 在接头连接时施加一定压力是减少空洞的有效方式。
(3)Cu-Sn 全 IMC 接头在热老化和电迁移时存在原子迁移后的孔隙问题, 可使用基板镀层来缓解$\mathrm{{Cu}}$$\mathrm{{Sn}}$ 原子迁移问题,也可采用特殊结构使$\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 作为接头骨架起到机械增强的作用。对于热循环可靠性,$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$$\mathrm{{IMC}}$ 接头表现较为良好,可在$\mathrm{{Cu}}- \mathrm{{Sn}}$ 二元体系基础上添加其他元素使连接层热膨胀系数与基板更加匹配。
  • 重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0187)
  • 北京市自然科学基金-小米创新联合基金资助项目(L233038)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Chen Cai, Luo Fang, Kang Yong. A review of SiC power module packaging: Layout, material system and integration[J]. CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, 2017. 2(3): 170-186.
[2]
SiC 功率模块引线键合参数优化与可靠性分析[EB/OL]. 2024-02-27)[2024-03-01]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v = nouGVBS_tgdq4gpVNsOqFMdIlMdYGpUngYm bg3 vqZbPZjFJipqJ0ga4XTO2F1sOs_ObsVz5l_mWHjPgK6hfT jk5zUyFQc3SI8KFDLS8dKxpmM7hhYcQHfw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb
Optimization of wire bonding parameters and reliability analysis for SiC power module interconnections[EB/OL]. 2024-02-27)[2024-03-01]. in Chinese). https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract? v = nouGVBS_tgdq4gpVNsOqFMdIl MdYGpUngYmbg3vqZbPZjFJipqJ0ga4XTO2F1sOs_0bsVz5 1_ mWHjPgK6hfTjk5zUyFQc3SI8KFDLS8dKxpmM7hhYcQ H fw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=gb
[3]
康庆, 李峰, 邢杰, 等. SiC 器件在卫星电源系统中的应用与分析[J]. 电源学报, 2022. 20(2): 154-160.
Kang Qing, Li Feng, Xing Jie, et al.. Applications and challenges of SiC devices in satellite electrical power systems[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2022. 20(2): 154-160 (in Chinese).
[4]
Zhang Bowen, Chen Shi, Lu Guoquan, et al.. Reliability behavior of a resin-free nanosilver paste at ultra-low temperature of 180 °C[J]. Power Electronic Devices and Components, 2022. 3: 100014.
[5]
Yin Changhao, Wumaeraili K, Zhang Yu, et al.. Novel Ag-Cu foam sheet with multi-layer composite structure for high performance joining of SiC power chips[J]. Materials Characterization, 2024. 209: 113696.
[6]
Zhang Hongqiang, He Siliang, Qu Guanda, et al.. Improved thermal conductivity and reliability through graphene reinforced nanopaste for power devices in new energy vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2024. 14(1): 52-60.
[7]
Nishikawa H, Piao Jinyu, Takemoto T. Interfacial reaction between Sn-0.7Cu(-Ni) solder and Cu substrate[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2006. 35(5): 1127-1132.
[8]
Tian Yanhong, Hang Chunjin, Zhao Xin, et al.. Phase transformation and fracture behavior of Cu/In/Cu joints formed by solid-liquid interdiffusion bonding[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014. 25(9): 4170-4178.
[9]
Tian Ruyu, Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, et al.. Brittle fracture induced by phase transformation of Ni-Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Ni solder joints under extreme temperature environment[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019. 777: 463-471.
[10]
Wang Fengjiang, Chen Hong, Huang Ying, et al.. Recent progress on the development of Sn-Bi based low-temperature Pb-free solders[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2019. 30(4): 3222-3243.
[11]
Liu Wei, Tian Yanhong, Wang Chunqing, et al.. Morphologies and grain orientations of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu solder joints[J]. Materials Letters, 2012. 86: 157-160.
[12]
邵华凯, 吴爱萍, 邹贵生. Cu-Sn 体系 LTTLP 连接接头强度与断口分析[J]. 焊接学报, 2017. 38(3): 13-16.
Shao Huakai, Wu Aiping, Zou Guisheng. Study on shear strength and fracture behavior of Cu-Sn system low-temperature TLP bonded joint[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2017. 38(3): 13-16 (in Chinese).
[13]
Yao Peng, Li Xiaoyan, Han Xu, et al.. Shear strength and fracture mechanism for full Cu-Sn IMCs solder joints with different Cu3Sn proportion and joints with conventional interfacial structure in electronic packaging[J]. Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, 2019. 31(1): 6-19.
[14]
Lee B S, Yoon J W. Cu-Sn intermetallic compound joints for high-temperature power electronics applications[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2018. 47(1): 430-435.
[15]
Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, Zhang Rui, et al.. Phase transformation and grain orientation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds during low temperature bonding process[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2013. 24(10): 3905-3913.
[16]
金凤阳, 李晓延, 姚鹏. 微小互连 Cu-Sn 界面钎焊及接头剪切行为[J]. 焊接学报, 2019. 40(2): 58-63.
Jin Fengyang, Li Xiaoyan, Yao Peng. A study on Cu-Sn soldering and shear behavior of solder joints with micro interconnection[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2019. 40(2): 58-63 (in Chinese).
[17]
陈达龙, 李晓延, 韩旭. 超声-TLP 制备 Cu-Sn 焊点的组织演变及力学性能研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2022. 51(1): 25-28.
Chen Dalong, Li Xiaoyan, Han Xu. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn solder joints soldered by ultrasound-TLP[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2022. 51(1): 25-28 (in Chinese).
[18]
Liu J H, Zhao H Y, Li Z L, et al.. Study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn intermetallic joints rapidly formed by ultrasonic-assisted transient liquid phase soldering[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017. 692: 552-557.
[19]
Tu K N. Recent advances on electromigration in very-large-scale-integration of interconnects[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2003. 94(9): 5451-5473.
[20]
Feng Jiayun, Hang Chunjin, Tian Yanhong, et al.. Effect of electric current on grain orientation and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds joints[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018. 753: 203-211.
[21]
Peng Xianwen, Wang Yue, Ye Zheng, et al.. Microstructural evolution and performance of high-tin-content Cu40Sn60 (wt.%) core/shell powder TLPS bonding joints[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2022. 75: 853-862.
[22]
Tang Y, Li G Y, Chen D Q, et al.. Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on IMC growth in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xTiO2 solder joints during isothermal aging process[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014. 25(2): 981-991.
[23]
Liu Jiaxin, Lei Zhenyu, Wang Qing, et al.. Fabrication of Sn-plated Cu foam for high-efficiency transient-liquid-phase bonding[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2022. 30: 103058.
[24]
江琛. Cu/Sn 多层薄膜制备单 IMC 结构焊点研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015.
Jiang Chen. Investigation of single IMC jointsmade by multiple Cu/Sn films[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015. (in Chinese).
[25]
Zhong Ying, An Rong, Wang Chunqing, et al.. Low temperature sintering Cu6Sn5 nanoparticles for superplastic and super-uniform high temperature circuit interconnections[J]. Small, 2015. 11(33): 4097-4103.
[26]
Guo Longjun, Liu Wei, Ji Xiaoliang, et al.. Facile synthesis of Cu10Sn3 nanoparticles and their sintering behavior for power device packaging[J]. Results in Materials, 2021. 10: 100187.
[27]
Guo Longjun, Liu Wei, Wang Chunqing. Preparation and sintering properties of Cu10Sn3 IMCs nanopaste as die attach material for high temperature power electronics[J]. Materials Letters, 2021. 282: 128845.
[28]
钟毅. 温度梯度对微焊点界面反应及晶粒取向的影响[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2018.
Zhong Yi. Effects of temperature tradient on the liquid-solid interfacial reaction and grain orientation of micro interconnects[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese).
[29]
Yang T L, Aoki T, Matsumoto K, et al.. Full intermetallic joints for chip stacking by using thermal gradient bonding[J]. Acta Materialia, 2016. 113: 90-97.
[30]
刘昊宇. 基于三种焊接方法 Cu3Sn-Cu 复合微焊点的组织及力学性能[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨理工大学, 2021.
Liu Haoyu. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu3Sn-Cu composite micro-joints based on three bonding methods[D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2021. (in Chinese).
[31]
Vianco P T, Hlava P F, Kilgo A C. Intermetallic compound layer formation between copper and hot-dipped 100In, 50In-50Sn, 100Sn, and 63Sn-37Pb coatings[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 1994. 23(7): 583-594.
[32]
Deng X, Piotrowski G, Williams J J, et al.. Influence of initial morphology and thickness of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallics on growth and evolution during thermal aging of Sn-Ag solder/Cu joints[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2003. 32(12): 1403-1413.
[33]
Takenaka T, Kano S, Kajihara M, et al.. Growth behavior of compound layers in Sn/Cu/Sn diffusion couples during annealing at 433-473K[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2005. 396(1-2): 115-123.
[34]
Sun Lei, Chen Minghe, Zhang Liang. Microstructure evolution and grain orientation of IMC in Cu-Sn TLP bonding solder joints[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019. 786: 677-687.
[35]
何溪, 李晓延, 张伟栋, 等. 微电子封装中全 Cu3Sn 焊点高温服役下的微观组织演变[J]. 微纳电子技术, 2022. 59(3): 284-291.
He Xi, Li Xiaoyan, Zhang Weidong, et al.. Microstructure evolution of full-Cu3Sn solder joints in microelectronic packaging under high-temperature service[J]. Micronanoelectronic Technology, 2022. 59(3): 284-291 (in Chinese).
[36]
朱阳阳, 李晓延, 张伟栋, 等. 全 Cu3Sn 焊点在高温时效下的组织及力学性能[J]. 材料工程, 2022. 50(9): 169-176.
Zhu Yangyang, Li Xiaoyan, Zhang Weidong, et al.. Microstructure and mechanical property of full Cu3Sn solder joints during high-temperature aging[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022. 50(9): 169-176 (in Chinese).
[37]
Brincker M, Söhl S, Eisele R, et al.. Strength and reliability of low temperature transient liquid phase bonded CuSnCu interconnects[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2017. 76: 378-382.
[38]
Li Junhui, Zhang Yuexin, Zhang Haoliang, et al.. The thermal cycling reliability of copper pillar solder bump in flip chip via thermal compression bonding[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2020. 104: 113543.
[39]
Bettahi Y, Richard C. Evolution of microstructure of lead free Cu/Sn solders and copper oxide phase precipitation in Cu3Sn intermetallic during thermal cycling[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2019. 92: 20-26.
[40]
姚健. 电迁移作用下无铅微电子封装焊点可靠性研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2012.
Yao Jian. Reliability investigation of lead-free micro-electronic packaging polder point under plectromigration[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese).
[41]
徐刘峰, 李晓延, 姚鹏, 等. 电迁移对全 Cu3Sn 焊点形貌及剪切性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2020. 49(23): 8-11.
Xu Liufeng, Li Xiaoyan, Yao Peng, et al.. Effect of electromigration on morphology and shear property of full Cu3Sn solder joints[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2020. 49(23): 8-11 (in Chinese).
[42]
Electromigration in microbumps with Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds[C]// 2016 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP), 2016: 252-255.
[43]
An Rong, Tian Yanhong, Zhang Rui, et al.. Electromigration-induced intermetallic growth and voids formation in symmetrical Cu/Sn/Cu and Cu/intermetallic compounds (IMCs)/Cu joints[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2015. 26(5): 2674-2681.
2024年第22卷第3期
PDF下载
374
148
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62
  • 接收时间:2024-01-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-05-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31
  • 修回日期:2024-03-01
  • 录用日期:2024-03-13
基金
Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0187)
重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0187)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Millet Innovation Joint Fund(L233038)
北京市自然科学基金-小米创新联合基金资助项目(L233038)
作者信息
    1 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124
    2 北京工业大学 重庆研究院 重庆 400015
    3 清华大学 机械工程系 北京 100084
    4 北京信息科技大学 机电工程学院 北京 100096
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.62
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏