Article(id=1154049697577689348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154049103748125137, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.72, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706630400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-31, revisedDate=1707926400000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-15, acceptedDate=1708272000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-19, onlineDate=1753076489108, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1716998400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753076489108, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753076489108, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753076489108, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154049103748125137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753076347529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780989436, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004586184695853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154049103748125137, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004586184695854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154049103748125137, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=72, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154049697955176709, articleId=1154049697577689348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Design and Development of 1 200 A IGBT Power Module with EconoDUAL Packaging and 800 V Bus Voltage, columnId=1154049691676303617, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Packaging Design and Optimization, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Enhancing the power density of vehicle-grade power modules is of significance for the performance of electric vehicles. The two-dimensional layout used in conventional power modules results in large parasitic inductance, which limits the switching speed and bus voltage and further affects the increase in power density. To solve this problem, an IGBT power module with EconoDUAL packaging was taken as the research object, and a three-dimensional layout was designed using the stacked DBC method to develop a 1 200 V/1 200 A IGBT power module. The layout structure of the proposed power module was introduced in detail. Compared with those obtained using the conventional two-dimensional layout methods, the parasitic inductance decreased by 58%. Additionally, electrical performance tests including a double-pulse test with pulse current of 1 200 A under bus voltage of 800 V were conducted on the power module, thereby verifying the improved power density of the module. To maintain the heat dissipation performance while increasing the power density,

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提高车规级功率模块的功率密度对电动汽车的性能具有重要意义,而传统功率模块内部采用的二维布局杂散电感大,限制了开关速度与母线电压,影响功率密度的提高。为此,以 EconoDUAL 封装的 IGBT 功率模块为对象,使用叠层 DBC 的方法进行三维布局设计,开发出了1200 V/1200A的IGBT 功率模块;详细介绍了所提功率模块的布局结构,与传统二维布局方法相比,杂散电感下降了58%;同时,对功率模块进行电气性能测试,通过了母线电压800 V下脉冲电流为1200A的双脉冲实验,证明了模块功率密度的提高。为了在提高功率密度的情况下不影响散热性能,功率模块底部使用了水冷PinFin散热器,并对其进行了散热仿真和结-水热阻的测试,结果表明,IGBT热阻为0.084 K/W,二极管热阻为0.124 K/W,与同封装下商用1200 V/900 A模块相比并无明显差异,证明了所提设计方法的正确性及有效性。

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回晓双(1999-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度电机驱动系统优化设计。E-mail:hui00@mail.iee.ac.cn。

宁圃奇(1982-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:半导体器件特性建模及模块封装技术研究。E-mail: npq@mail.iee.ac.cn。

范涛(1981-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高功率密度电机及控制系统。E-mail: fantao@mail.iee.ac.cn。

郭新华(1977-),男,中国电源学会会员,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子器件(IGBT、SiC)的设计及其模块封装技术。E-mail: guoxinhua@hqu.edu.cn。

傅金源(1993-),男,硕士,初级工程师。研究方向:功率半导体器件设计与封测。E-mail:jinyuan_fu@semiharv.com。

黄珂(1988-),男,硕士,中级工程师。研究方向:功率模块封装技术。E-mail: Ke_Huang@semiharv.com。

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2 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
3 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive Beijing 100190 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049741638853088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049697577689348, authorId=1154049741496246747, language=CN, stringName=回晓双, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 中国科学院大学 北京 100049
2 中国科学院电工研究所 北京 100190
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回晓双(1999-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度电机驱动系统优化设计。E-mail:hui00@mail.iee.ac.cn。

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回晓双(1999-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度电机驱动系统优化设计。E-mail:hui00@mail.iee.ac.cn。

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宁圃奇(1982-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:半导体器件特性建模及模块封装技术研究。E-mail: npq@mail.iee.ac.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

宁圃奇(1982-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:半导体器件特性建模及模块封装技术研究。E-mail: npq@mail.iee.ac.cn。

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2 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
3 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive Beijing 100190 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154049741986980334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154049697577689348, authorId=1154049741856956905, language=CN, stringName=范涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 中国科学院大学 北京 100049
2 中国科学院电工研究所 北京 100190
3 电力电子与电气驱动重点实验室 (中国科学院电工研究所) 北京 100190, bio={"content":"

范涛(1981-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高功率密度电机及控制系统。E-mail: fantao@mail.iee.ac.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

范涛(1981-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高功率密度电机及控制系统。E-mail: fantao@mail.iee.ac.cn。

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郭新华(1977-),男,中国电源学会会员,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子器件(IGBT、SiC)的设计及其模块封装技术。E-mail: guoxinhua@hqu.edu.cn。

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郭新华(1977-),男,中国电源学会会员,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子器件(IGBT、SiC)的设计及其模块封装技术。E-mail: guoxinhua@hqu.edu.cn。

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傅金源(1993-),男,硕士,初级工程师。研究方向:功率半导体器件设计与封测。E-mail:jinyuan_fu@semiharv.com。

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傅金源(1993-),男,硕士,初级工程师。研究方向:功率半导体器件设计与封测。E-mail:jinyuan_fu@semiharv.com。

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黄珂(1988-),男,硕士,中级工程师。研究方向:功率模块封装技术。E-mail: Ke_Huang@semiharv.com。

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黄珂(1988-),男,硕士,中级工程师。研究方向:功率模块封装技术。E-mail: Ke_Huang@semiharv.com。

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参数 数值
驱动电阻/$\Omega$ 10
电感/μH 50
驱动电压/V $- 9 \sim {15}$
脉冲时间/μs 83+12+12
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参数 数值
驱动电阻/$\Omega$ 10
电感/μH 50
驱动电压/V $- 9 \sim {15}$
脉冲时间/μs 83+12+12
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EconoDUAL 封装、母线电压800V的 1 200 A IGBT 功率模块设计与开发
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回晓双 1, 2, 3 , 宁圃奇 1, 2, 3 , 范涛 1, 2, 3 , 郭新华 4 , 傅金源 , 黄珂 5
电源学报 | 封装设计与优化 2024,22(3): 72-77
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电源学报 | 封装设计与优化 2024, 22(3): 72-77
EconoDUAL 封装、母线电压800V的 1 200 A IGBT 功率模块设计与开发
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回晓双1, 2, 3 , 宁圃奇1, 2, 3 , 范涛1, 2, 3 , 郭新华4 , 傅金源 , 黄珂5
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院大学 北京 100049
  • 2 中国科学院电工研究所 北京 100190
  • 3 电力电子与电气驱动重点实验室 (中国科学院电工研究所) 北京 100190
  • 4 华侨大学 厦门 362021
  • 5 浙江芯丰科技有限公司 台州 317700
  • 回晓双(1999-),男,博士研究生。研究方向:高功率密度电机驱动系统优化设计。E-mail:hui00@mail.iee.ac.cn。

    宁圃奇(1982-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,研究员。研究方向:半导体器件特性建模及模块封装技术研究。E-mail: npq@mail.iee.ac.cn。

    范涛(1981-),男,博士,研究员。研究方向:高功率密度电机及控制系统。E-mail: fantao@mail.iee.ac.cn。

    郭新华(1977-),男,中国电源学会会员,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子器件(IGBT、SiC)的设计及其模块封装技术。E-mail: guoxinhua@hqu.edu.cn。

    傅金源(1993-),男,硕士,初级工程师。研究方向:功率半导体器件设计与封测。E-mail:jinyuan_fu@semiharv.com。

    黄珂(1988-),男,硕士,中级工程师。研究方向:功率模块封装技术。E-mail: Ke_Huang@semiharv.com。

Design and Development of 1 200 A IGBT Power Module with EconoDUAL Packaging and 800 V Bus Voltage
Xiaoshuang HUI1, 2, 3 , Puqi NING1, 2, 3 , Tao FAN1, 2, 3 , Xinhua GUO4 , Jinyuan FU , Ke HUANG5
Affiliations
  • 1 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
  • 2 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
  • 3 Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive Beijing 100190 China
  • 4 Huaqiao University Xiamen 362021 China
  • 5 Zhejiang Xinfeng Technology Co., Ltd Taizhou 317700 China
出版时间: 2024-05-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.72
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提高车规级功率模块的功率密度对电动汽车的性能具有重要意义,而传统功率模块内部采用的二维布局杂散电感大,限制了开关速度与母线电压,影响功率密度的提高。为此,以 EconoDUAL 封装的 IGBT 功率模块为对象,使用叠层 DBC 的方法进行三维布局设计,开发出了1200 V/1200A的IGBT 功率模块;详细介绍了所提功率模块的布局结构,与传统二维布局方法相比,杂散电感下降了58%;同时,对功率模块进行电气性能测试,通过了母线电压800 V下脉冲电流为1200A的双脉冲实验,证明了模块功率密度的提高。为了在提高功率密度的情况下不影响散热性能,功率模块底部使用了水冷PinFin散热器,并对其进行了散热仿真和结-水热阻的测试,结果表明,IGBT热阻为0.084 K/W,二极管热阻为0.124 K/W,与同封装下商用1200 V/900 A模块相比并无明显差异,证明了所提设计方法的正确性及有效性。

功率模块  /  电动汽车  /  IGBT功率模块  /  杂散电感  /  热阻

Enhancing the power density of vehicle-grade power modules is of significance for the performance of electric vehicles. The two-dimensional layout used in conventional power modules results in large parasitic inductance, which limits the switching speed and bus voltage and further affects the increase in power density. To solve this problem, an IGBT power module with EconoDUAL packaging was taken as the research object, and a three-dimensional layout was designed using the stacked DBC method to develop a 1 200 V/1 200 A IGBT power module. The layout structure of the proposed power module was introduced in detail. Compared with those obtained using the conventional two-dimensional layout methods, the parasitic inductance decreased by 58%. Additionally, electrical performance tests including a double-pulse test with pulse current of 1 200 A under bus voltage of 800 V were conducted on the power module, thereby verifying the improved power density of the module. To maintain the heat dissipation performance while increasing the power density,

Power module  /  electric vehicle  /  IGBT  /  parasitic inductance  /  thermal resistance
回晓双, 宁圃奇, 范涛, 郭新华, 傅金源, 黄珂. EconoDUAL 封装、母线电压800V的 1 200 A IGBT 功率模块设计与开发. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (3) : 72 -77 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.72
Xiaoshuang HUI, Puqi NING, Tao FAN, Xinhua GUO, Jinyuan FU, Ke HUANG. Design and Development of 1 200 A IGBT Power Module with EconoDUAL Packaging and 800 V Bus Voltage[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (3) : 72 -77 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.72
随着人们对清洁能源和可持续发展的重视, 电动汽车作为一种环保且高效的交通工具正在迅速发展。功率模块是电动汽车动力系统的关键部件, 关系到整车的性能和可靠性[1]。EconoDUAL 封装功率模块是英飞凌(Infineon)公司推出的面向中等功率的应用产品, 具有出色的机械强度和高功率循环能力,被广泛应用于电机驱动和电动汽车,其工作母线电压多为${600}{\mathrm{\;V}}^{\left\lbrack 2 - 3\right\rbrack }$
目前,${800}\mathrm{\;V}$ 高压母线的应用实现了快速充电的优势,因此开发出基于${800}\mathrm{\;V}$ 母线高功率密度的功率模块成为了电力电子领域的一项关键挑战[4-6]。 为此, 许多研究进行了模块布局设计上的优化, 其中叠层封装布局对于提高功率密度和并联多个芯片是一种有效、可行的方法[7-8]。与传统二维布局模块相比, 叠层封装布局功率模块的寄生参数可以显著降低。在大多数叠层结构中, 其基本思想是使用底部直接键合铜 DBC(direct bonding copper) 和顶部导电层来分别传导电流。这 2 个传导路径通常重叠,并且可以显著降低寄生参数,其中顶部导电层通常包括 PCB、FPCB 和 DBC 等[9-10]。随着设计选项的增多, 研究者们 [11-13] 已经开始探索自动布局设计方法, 并在功率模块设计中实现了关键的成本节约。
基于此, 本文对 EconoDUAL 封装的 IGBT 功率模块进行设计,开发出母线电压${800}\mathrm{\;V}$ 下电流可达${1200}\mathrm{\;A}$ 的功率模块,旨在提高功率模块的功率密度。
图1 为 EconoDUAL 封装功率模块的电流发展,目前电流最大值为${900}\mathrm{\;A}$,图2 为 FF900R12M E7_B11 模块典型开关波形, 可以看到其工作母线电压多为${600}\mathrm{\;V}$。传统二维布局结构如图3 所示, 此布局方式杂散电感较大,约为${15}{\mathrm{{nH}}}_{0}$ 并联了 3 颗通流能力为${300}\mathrm{\;A}$ 的芯片,该芯片尺寸较大,难以对更多芯片进行布局,且受 DBC 通流能力限制,电流难以提升。
叠层 DBC 布局可以利用互感相消的原理降低杂散电感,其侧面结构如图4 所示,并且由于多使用了 1 层 DBC,使得相同尺寸下的通流能力有所提高。以自动优化算法为指导进行叠层 DBC 布局优化设计[14],使用了 6 个通流能力为${200}\mathrm{\;A}$ 的 IGBT 和二极管,尺寸分别为${9.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {11.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${5.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times$ ${11.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,布局结果如图5 所示,其中半桥并联的 6 颗IGBT 与 6 颗二极管被布局在 DBC 的两侧; 底部 DBC 中, 上面的芯片为上管, 下面的芯片为下管, 且上管的 IGBT 芯片与下桥的二极管在同一侧;底部 DBC 的端子为正极端子,而顶部 DBC 上方的 2 个端子为交流端子, 顶部 DBC 下方的为负极端子,连接件将上管的发射极与下管的集电极相连。$\mathrm{{DBC}}$ 中间层为${\mathrm{{Al}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$,即此处无铜痕迹进行连接, 而图例中的“孔”是指此处无顶部 DBC。
按照图5 的布局结果, 最终得到 IGBT 功率模块的三维模型如图6 所示。将模型导入 Ansys Q3D 进行寄生电感抽取, 与传统布局对比, 在不考虑端子的情况下,内部布局杂感可由${10.16}\mathrm{{nH}}$ 下降至${5.89}\mathrm{{nH}}$
双脉冲实验可以测试功率模块的电气动态性能。图7 所示电路测量的是功率模块的下管,而功率模块的上管施加负压关断并利用其二极管进行续流, 实验中由加热台对功率模块进行加热, 由功率模块内部 NTC 温度确定结温, 实验参数见表1, 本文所提 IGBT 功率模块实物与管脚示意如图8 所示。
本文所提 IGBT 功率模块双脉冲测试波形如图9 所示。可以看出, 本文开发的功率模块能够在母线电压${800}\mathrm{\;V}$ 下,通过脉冲电流为${1200}\mathrm{\;A}$ 的高温双脉冲测试, 具有良好的电气性能, 也证明了该设计方法的有效性。
为了提高功率模块的热性能, 在功率模块底部焊接了 PinFin 散热器进行水冷散热, 较传统的水冷结构, PinFin 散热器可以降低约 40%的热阻, 从而提高功率模块的功率密度和可靠性。使用计算流体力学 CFD (computational fluid dynamics) 软件对强迫对流散热过程进行电-热-流耦合的多物理场仿真, 电气参数需要输入损耗值。其中, IGBT 损耗可表示为
${P}_{\mathrm{T}}= {P}_{\text{Tcond }}+ {P}_{\text{Tsw }}= {V}_{\text{CEsat }}{I}_{\mathrm{C}}+ {R}_{\mathrm{{CE}}}{I}_{\mathrm{C}}^{2}+ \left({{E}_{\text{on }}+ {E}_{\text{off }}}\right){f}_{\text{sw }}$
式中:${P}_{\mathrm{T}}$ 为 IGBT 损耗;${P}_{\text{Tcond }}$ 为 IGBT 导通损耗;${P}_{\text{Tsw }}$ 为 IGBT 开关损耗;${V}_{\mathrm{{CEsat}}}$ 为饱和管压降;${I}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 为 IGBT 集电极电流;${R}_{\mathrm{{CE}}}$$\mathrm{{IGBT}}$ 导通电阻;${E}_{\mathrm{{on}}}$$\mathrm{{IGBT}}$ 开通损耗;${E}_{\text{off }}$ 为 IGBT 关断损耗;${f}_{\text{sw }}$ 为开关频率。
二极管损耗可表示为
${P}_{\mathrm{D}}= {P}_{\text{Dcond }}+ {P}_{\text{Dsw }}= {V}_{\mathrm{F}}{I}_{\mathrm{F}}+ {R}_{\mathrm{F}}{I}_{\mathrm{F}}+ {E}_{\mathrm{{rec}}}{f}_{\mathrm{{sw}}}$
式中:${P}_{\mathrm{D}}$ 为二极管损耗;${P}_{\text{Dcond }}$ 为二极管导通损耗;${P}_{\text{Dsw }}$ 为二极管开关损耗;${V}_{\mathrm{F}}$ 为二极管正向电压;${I}_{\mathrm{F}}$ 为二极管正向电流;${R}_{\mathrm{F}}$ 为二极管导通电阻;${E}_{\text{rec }}$ 为二极管反向恢复损耗。
仿真后的 IGBT 功率模块温度分布如图10 所示,初始水流量为$8\mathrm{\;L}/\mathrm{{min}}$,出口边界条件设为静压,水流方向为由左至右。可以看出,本文开发的 1200 V/1200 A IGBT 功率模块工作的最高结温约为${150}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$
在进行仿真实验的同时, 对功率模块实物进行了热阻测试。图11 为 IGBT 热阻测试电路, 在测试半桥门极输入正电压使 IGBT 导通, 先通入小电流记录为${V}_{\mathrm{{CE}}}$ 进行温度的标定,再闭合${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ 通入大电流进行加热,一段时间后断开${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ 测量出模块的降温曲线, 最后进行数据处理与拟合。当测量二极管热阻时, 需要将 2 个电流源反向, 且在测试半桥门极输入负电压使 IGBT 关断。
热阻测试实验环境如图12 所示, 其中电流源提供加热电流与测量电流, 门极电压控制被测模块的开通与关断,热阻检测仪用来获得${V}_{\mathrm{{CE}}}$ 变化数据, 循环水泵用来控制水温。热阻测试测量结果如图13 所示,其中 IGBT 热阻为${0.084}\mathrm{\;K}/\mathrm{W}$,二极管热阻为${0.124}\mathrm{\;K}/\mathrm{W}$,可见本文所提功率模块与同封装下商用${1200}\mathrm{\;V}/{900}\mathrm{\;A}$ 功率模块相比,热阻并无明显差异,热性能符合功率模块设计要求。
本文对 EconoDUAL 封装的 IGBT 功率模块进行了优化布局设计, 开发的模块使用叠层DBC 三维布局方式并联 6 颗通流能力为${200}\mathrm{\;A}$ 的 IGBT 与二极管芯片, 通过散热仿真实验与电阻测试实验可以得到以下结论。
(1)本文所提功率模块能够在母线电压${800}\mathrm{\;V}$ 下,通过脉冲电流为${1200}\mathrm{\;A}$ 的高温双脉冲测试, 具有良好的电气性能。
(2)功率模块的热阻与同封装下商用${1200}\mathrm{\;V}$ /${900}\mathrm{\;A}$ 模块相比并无明显差异,热性能符合功率模块设计要求。
  • 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB2500600)
  • 中国科学院青年交叉团队资助项目(JCTD-2021-09)
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.3.72
  • 接收时间:2024-01-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31
  • 修回日期:2024-02-15
  • 录用日期:2024-02-19
基金
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2500600)
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB2500600)
CAS Youth Multi-discipline Project(JCTD-2021-09)
中国科学院青年交叉团队资助项目(JCTD-2021-09)
作者信息
    1 中国科学院大学 北京 100049
    2 中国科学院电工研究所 北京 100190
    3 电力电子与电气驱动重点实验室 (中国科学院电工研究所) 北京 100190
    4 华侨大学 厦门 362021
    5 浙江芯丰科技有限公司 台州 317700
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