Article(id=1321967923095253183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321967818057298402, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000528, pmid=null, cstr=32421.14.j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000528, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721664000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1733241600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-04, onlineDate=1793111313842, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793111313842, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793111313842, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793111313842, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321967818057298402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, year='2026', volume='54', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='248', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793111288799, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793111414358, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321968344765411750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321967818057298402, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321968344765411751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321967818057298402, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=65, endPage=73, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321967923321745600, articleId=1321967923095253183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=EN, title=Preparation and properties of recombinant collagen based wound healing hydrogels, columnId=1321967818942296547, journalTitle=Journal of Materials Engineering, columnName=INTELLIGENT MATERIALS FOR FLEXIBLE AND WEARABLE DEVICES COLUMN, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Recombinant collagen hydrogels are ideal materials for promoting wound healing but currently suffer from weak mechanical strength and single functionality,which limit their practical applications. A multifunctional hydrogel with a multi-network structure polymethylacrylamide-acrylic acid/tannic acid/recombinant collagen (MA-AAC/TA/COL) is preparedusing in-situ polymerization. The main raw materials include recombinant collagen,tannic acid,methylacrylamide,and acrylic acid. The microstructure,mechanical properties,swelling performance,adhesive property,self-healing ability,antioxidant activity,antibacterial performance,and biocompatibility of hydrogels with different components are explored. The results show that the multi-network structure design effectively enhances the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. Its maximum tensile strain reaches (250.2±2.7)% and maximum tensile stress is (130±3) kPa. It can withstand 80% compressive deformation without breaking and the maximum compressive strength is (4.23±0.18) MPa. The hydrogel exhibits certain pH sensitivity with different swelling rates under various pH conditions. It has a maximum adhesive strength of (36.27±5.03) kPa on pig skin,a self-healing rate of 67.7% and an in-vitro antioxidant rate of (80.2±0.9)%. It shows good antibacterial effects against E.coli and S.aureus with an antibacterial rate close to 99.99%. Additionally,the hydrogel has low cytotoxicity with a cell survival rate greater than 80%. The MA-AAC/TA/COL hydrogel is expected to serve as a multifunctional wound dressing and find application in the field of wound treatment.

, authors=Fangjiao XIONG1, Chengyu JING1, 2, Yuren JIANG1, Yongqi YIN1, Xiangyu CHEN1, authorsList=Fangjiao XIONG, Chengyu JING, Yuren JIANG, Yongqi YIN, Xiangyu CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuren JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321967927134367957, articleId=1321967923095253183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=CN, title=重组胶原蛋白伤口愈合水凝胶的制备及性能, columnId=1321967819202343397, journalTitle=材料工程, columnName=面向柔性可穿戴器件的智能材料专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

重组胶原蛋白水凝胶是促进伤口愈合的理想材料,但目前仍存在机械强度弱、功能单一等问题,这在某种程度上限制了它们的实际应用。以重组胶原蛋白、单宁酸、甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸为主要原料,通过原位聚合法制备了以聚甲基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸/单宁酸/重组胶原蛋白(MA-AAC/TA/COL)为多网络结构的多功能水凝胶。探索了不同组分水凝胶的微观形貌、力学性能、溶胀性能、黏附性能、自愈合性能、抗氧化性能、抗菌性能以及生物相容性。结果表明:通过多网络结构设计,可有效提升水凝胶的力学性能,其最大拉伸应变为(250.2±2.7)%,最大拉伸应力为(130±3) kPa,可承受80%的压缩形变而不破裂,最大压缩强度为(4.23±0.18) MPa;具有一定的pH值敏感性,在不同pH条件下的溶胀率不同;对猪皮最大黏附强度为(36.27±5.03) kPa,自愈合效率为67.7%,体外抗氧化率为(80.2±0.9)%;对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑菌效果,其抗菌率接近99.99%;具有低细胞毒性,细胞存活率大于80%。MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶有望作为一种多功能伤口敷料,应用于伤口治疗领域。

, authors=熊芳姣1, 景成宇1, 2, 蒋玉仁1, 尹咏琪1, 陈祥雨1, authorsList=熊芳姣, 景成宇, 蒋玉仁, 尹咏琪, 陈祥雨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蒋玉仁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
蒋玉仁(1967—),男,教授,博士,研究方向为生物催化及仿生合成研究,联系地址:湖南省长沙市岳麓区中南大学化学化工学院(410083),E-mail:
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及MA-AAC/TA/COL-3压缩应力-应变曲线(c)

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Compositions of various hydrogels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleMA/mgAAC/mgTA/mgCOL/mgMBAA/mgI2959 mass/mgH2O/mL
MA-AAC100900003202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-0100900303202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-11009003103202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-21009003303202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-31009003503202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-41009003703202
), ArticleFig(id=1321967934646366486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967923095253183, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同水凝胶组分配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleMA/mgAAC/mgTA/mgCOL/mgMBAA/mgI2959 mass/mgH2O/mL
MA-AAC100900003202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-0100900303202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-11009003103202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-21009003303202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-31009003503202
MA-AAC/TA/COL-41009003703202
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重组胶原蛋白伤口愈合水凝胶的制备及性能
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熊芳姣 1 , 景成宇 1, 2 , 蒋玉仁 1 , 尹咏琪 1 , 陈祥雨 1
材料工程 | 面向柔性可穿戴器件的智能材料专栏 2026,54(6): 65-73
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材料工程 |面向柔性可穿戴器件的智能材料专栏 2026 , 54 (6) : 65 -73
重组胶原蛋白伤口愈合水凝胶的制备及性能
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熊芳姣1, 景成宇1, 2, 蒋玉仁1 , 尹咏琪1, 陈祥雨1
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学 化学化工学院,长沙 410083
  • 2.可孚医疗科技股份有限公司 合成生物学部,长沙 410000
通讯作者:
蒋玉仁(1967—),男,教授,博士,研究方向为生物催化及仿生合成研究,联系地址:湖南省长沙市岳麓区中南大学化学化工学院(410083),E-mail:
Preparation and properties of recombinant collagen based wound healing hydrogels
Fangjiao XIONG1, Chengyu JING1, 2, Yuren JIANG1 , Yongqi YIN1, Xiangyu CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
  • 2.Department of Synthetic Biology,Cofoe Medical Technology Limited Company,Changsha 410000,China
出版时间: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000528
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重组胶原蛋白水凝胶是促进伤口愈合的理想材料,但目前仍存在机械强度弱、功能单一等问题,这在某种程度上限制了它们的实际应用。以重组胶原蛋白、单宁酸、甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸为主要原料,通过原位聚合法制备了以聚甲基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸/单宁酸/重组胶原蛋白(MA-AAC/TA/COL)为多网络结构的多功能水凝胶。探索了不同组分水凝胶的微观形貌、力学性能、溶胀性能、黏附性能、自愈合性能、抗氧化性能、抗菌性能以及生物相容性。结果表明:通过多网络结构设计,可有效提升水凝胶的力学性能,其最大拉伸应变为(250.2±2.7)%,最大拉伸应力为(130±3) kPa,可承受80%的压缩形变而不破裂,最大压缩强度为(4.23±0.18) MPa;具有一定的pH值敏感性,在不同pH条件下的溶胀率不同;对猪皮最大黏附强度为(36.27±5.03) kPa,自愈合效率为67.7%,体外抗氧化率为(80.2±0.9)%;对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑菌效果,其抗菌率接近99.99%;具有低细胞毒性,细胞存活率大于80%。MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶有望作为一种多功能伤口敷料,应用于伤口治疗领域。

伤口敷料  /  多功能水凝胶  /  重组胶原蛋白  /  自愈合  /  抗氧化

Recombinant collagen hydrogels are ideal materials for promoting wound healing but currently suffer from weak mechanical strength and single functionality,which limit their practical applications. A multifunctional hydrogel with a multi-network structure polymethylacrylamide-acrylic acid/tannic acid/recombinant collagen (MA-AAC/TA/COL) is preparedusing in-situ polymerization. The main raw materials include recombinant collagen,tannic acid,methylacrylamide,and acrylic acid. The microstructure,mechanical properties,swelling performance,adhesive property,self-healing ability,antioxidant activity,antibacterial performance,and biocompatibility of hydrogels with different components are explored. The results show that the multi-network structure design effectively enhances the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. Its maximum tensile strain reaches (250.2±2.7)% and maximum tensile stress is (130±3) kPa. It can withstand 80% compressive deformation without breaking and the maximum compressive strength is (4.23±0.18) MPa. The hydrogel exhibits certain pH sensitivity with different swelling rates under various pH conditions. It has a maximum adhesive strength of (36.27±5.03) kPa on pig skin,a self-healing rate of 67.7% and an in-vitro antioxidant rate of (80.2±0.9)%. It shows good antibacterial effects against E.coli and S.aureus with an antibacterial rate close to 99.99%. Additionally,the hydrogel has low cytotoxicity with a cell survival rate greater than 80%. The MA-AAC/TA/COL hydrogel is expected to serve as a multifunctional wound dressing and find application in the field of wound treatment.

wound dressing  /  multifunctional hydrogel  /  recombinant collagen  /  self-healing  /  anti-oxidation
熊芳姣, 景成宇, 蒋玉仁, 尹咏琪, 陈祥雨. 重组胶原蛋白伤口愈合水凝胶的制备及性能. 材料工程, 2026 , 54 (6) : 65 -73 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000528
Fangjiao XIONG, Chengyu JING, Yuren JIANG, Yongqi YIN, Xiangyu CHEN. Preparation and properties of recombinant collagen based wound healing hydrogels[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2026 , 54 (6) : 65 -73 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000528
伤口愈合是临床面临的重要挑战,而伤口敷料是治疗伤口的必要条件。用于伤口愈合的理想材料,除应具有生物相容性、非致敏性和合适的物理化学特性(即适当的黏度和机械强度)外[1-2],还应具备以下功能[3]:能吸收伤口处分泌(渗出)的组织液,并及时交换气体;具备一定的自黏性,能够与创口处脆弱的组织相粘,保护创面免受细菌感染;保持伤口的潮湿环境,使细胞能够适当地黏附和增殖,帮助伤口愈合。水凝胶作为一种新兴的高分子软材料,由物理或化学交联的三维亲水性多孔网络组成,可以在保持结构的同时在其网络中容纳相当数量的水,兼具固体弹性和液体流动性,同时具有生物相容性和生物降解性。由于水凝胶具有与天然组织相似的弹性,提供湿润的环境,吸收伤口渗出物的能力,呈现适合气体交换的多孔结构,可作为细菌感染的屏障发挥关键作用,并为改善细胞功能(如迁移和增殖)提供合适的环境[4-7],因而成为伤口愈合和皮肤再生的良好平台。
重组胶原蛋白具有与天然胶原蛋白相似的结构和功能,避免了传统动物提取胶原的致敏和病毒感染风险,具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、细胞黏附性和低免疫原性等特点[8-10],主要作为一种促愈成分,被广泛用于制备水凝胶材料,促进伤口愈合。Wang等[11]基于过氧化氢/辣根过氧化酶(H2O2/HRP)催化系统,制备了一种多巴胺功能化透明质酸@重组人胶原(HA-DA@rhCol)水凝胶,通过炎症控制和血管化组织再生,可促进糖尿病伤口愈合。其中,重组胶原蛋白结构中含有大量的—NH2、—COOH、—OH等基团,可提供大量的氢键黏附位点,也可作为一种黏附成分用于制备黏附性水凝胶,但存在机械强度低,组织黏附性差等问题。Kong等[12]受角膜天然成分和结构的启发,提出了一种集结构模拟、机械增强、组织黏附和细菌杀伤于一体的多功能重组胶原蛋白基水凝胶贴片。该复合黏性贴片由重组人胶原蛋白(RHC)水凝胶、近场静电纺丝(NFES)微纤维和金纳米颗粒装饰的四方钛酸钡(BTO@Au)组成,对组织的黏附强度为5.8 kPa。其中,重组人胶原蛋白水凝胶模拟角膜组织自然结构的三维微环境,表现出较好的组织黏附力;近场静电纺丝微纤维模拟天然角膜基质的正交排列,增强了水凝胶的机械强度;金纳米颗粒装饰的四方钛酸钡在受到超声波刺激时会产生活性氧,可有效抑菌。然而,目前,重组胶原蛋白水凝胶仍存在机械强度弱、功能单一等问题,这在某种程度上限制了它们的实际应用。
单宁酸作为一种来源广泛且含量丰富的天然植物多酚类化合物,具有很强的抗菌抗氧化能力,广泛应用于各种功能性材料的开发[13-15]。利用单宁酸分子中丰富的酚羟基,将其引入水凝胶体系中,可提供密集的氢键和π-π堆叠等多种非共价作用,加强体系的内聚力,能改善重组胶原蛋白水凝胶力学性能弱,功能单一的问题。甲基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸的共聚物具有优异的力学性能,能进一步提高重组胶原蛋白水凝胶机械强度。
本工作以重组胶原蛋白、单宁酸、甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸为主要原料,通过多网络结构设计,将多键增韧机制整合到多网络中来耗散能量并保持弹性,制备得到具有良好力学性能的多功能水凝胶材料,并对其微观形貌、力学性能、溶胀性能、黏附性能、自愈合性能、抗氧化性能、抗菌性能及生物相容性进行测试表征与分析。
重组胶原蛋白(COL),纯度>95%,由可孚医疗科技股份公司提供;单宁酸(TA)、丙烯酸(AAC)、甲基丙烯酰胺(MA)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH),分析纯,均购自上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;2-羟基-4'-(2-羟乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮,I2959,分析纯,购自上海阿达玛斯试剂有限公司;N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA),分析纯,购自天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司;琼脂培养基、液体培养基,购自青岛海博生物技术有限公司;DMEM高糖培养基,购自赛默飞世尔仪器有限公司;胎牛血清、0.25%(质量分数,下同)胰酶消化液、CCK-8试剂盒,均购自汉强生物技术有限公司;金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus,ATCC 29252)、大肠杆菌(E. coli,ATCC 29253),购自通派生物科技有限公司;小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,由中南大学湘雅医学院提供。
配制0.15%的TA和MBAA混合溶液。取该溶液2 mL,依次加入MA、AAC和COL,溶解完全后,加入光引发剂I2959,搅拌均匀得预聚液。将预聚液注入15 mm×15 mm×10 mm的模具中,用紫外光(365 nm)引发固化20 min,制得MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶。不同重组胶原蛋白添加量的水凝胶,命名为MA-AAC/TA/COL-x,其中x表示编号。未添加单宁酸和重组胶原蛋白的水凝胶命名为MA-AAC。不同水凝胶的组分配比列于表1。
采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(Avatar 360型)对MA-AAC、MA-AAC/TA/COL-0、MA-AAC/TA/COL-1水凝胶样品进行红外光谱测试。在室温下,将真空干燥后的水凝胶(10 mm×10 mm×1 mm)置于光学台,选择ATR模式,设定扫描次数为16次,测定波数为400~4000 cm-1。
使用扫描电子显微镜(JSM-7610F plus型)对MA-AAC、MA-AAC/TA/COL-0、MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶进行断面微观形貌扫描。水凝胶样品用液氮速冻定型后冷冻干燥,用液氮对干燥的水凝胶进行淬断,对淬断面进行喷金处理,测试电压设定为15 kV。
使用万能材料试验机(WDW-6100型)对水凝胶样品(60 mm×20 mm×1 mm)进行轴向拉伸实验。两夹具的初始间距为30 mm,拉伸速率设定为5 mm/min,样品拉伸至断裂停止,实验在室温下进行。水凝胶的拉伸强度(δ,kPa)计算如式(1)所示:
δ=F/(ld)×1000
式中:F为破坏载荷,N;l为水凝胶初始宽度,mm;d为水凝胶初始厚度,mm。
使用万能材料试验机(WDW-6100型)对水凝胶样品(R=12 mm,h=10 mm)进行轴向压缩实验。设定压缩速率为5 mm/min,样品压缩至80%或破裂时停止,实验在室温下进行。压缩强度(P,MPa)计算如式(2)所示:
P=F′/S
式中:F′为最大载荷,N;S为水凝胶与压缩圆盘的接触面积,mm2。
将水凝胶样品(R=12 mm,h=8 mm)切成两部分,将切面对接在一起,密闭保存6 h。愈合后,通过压缩实验评价水凝胶的自愈合性能。自愈合效率(E)计算如式(3)所示:
E=σ1/σ0×100%
式中:σ1为水凝胶的初始压缩应力;σ0为自愈合后的压缩应力。
对水凝胶进行溶胀性能测试。将水凝胶冷冻干燥至恒重,称取一定质量的冻干样,记录其初始质量为W0,将其浸泡于pH=7.4的0.01 mol·L-1 PBS溶液中,一定的时间间隔内取出,擦干表面水分称重,记录其质量为Wx,直至水凝胶达到溶胀平衡,质量不再增加。每个样品平行测定3次。溶胀率(SR)计算如式(4)所示:
SR=(Wx -W0)/W0
选用新鲜猪皮模拟人体皮肤,采用搭接剪切测试对水凝胶的组织黏附性能进行评价。将矩形水凝胶黏附在两块猪皮的表面,用700 g的重物按压10 min后,采用万能材料试验机对样品进行测试。拉伸速率设定为20 mm/min,每个样品平行测定3次。黏附强度(τ,kPa )计算如式(5)所示:
τ=F/(BL)×1000
式中:B为水凝胶搭接宽度,mm;L为水凝胶搭接长度,mm。
采用典型的革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)和典型的革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)作为细菌模型,通过平板计数法评价水凝胶的抗菌性能。取0.2 g预先在紫外灯下灭菌过夜的水凝胶样品,加入5 mL浓度为1×106 CFU·mL-1的菌液,在37 ℃、120 r/min培养箱中共培养4 h。另取0.2 g无菌水作为空白对照,加入5 mL浓度为1×106 CFU·mL-1的菌液共培养。取20 μL共培养菌液稀释102倍,吸取50 μL稀释后菌液涂布平板。将平板置于培养箱中培养18 h,观察各平板上的菌落数。每个样品涂布3块平板。
用DPPH自由基清除法考察水凝胶的体外抗氧化能力。取50 mg不同组分的水凝胶分散在2 mL甲醇中,加入8 mL 100 mmol·L-1的DPPH甲醇溶液,黑暗中孵育30 min后进行紫外扫描,记录515 nm处的吸光度。空白为2 mL甲醇加入8 mL 100 mmol·L-1的DPPH甲醇溶液。每个样品平行测定3次。DPPH清除率(SD)计算如式(6)所示:
SD=(Ax -A0)/A0×100%
式中:Ax 为DPPH溶液与水凝胶样品孵育30 min后在515 nm处的吸光度;A0为空白样在515 nm处的吸光度。
选择小鼠成纤维细胞(NIH/3T3)作为细胞模型,通过将细胞与水凝胶浸提液共培养的方式来评估水凝胶的生物安全性,并通过CCK-8试剂盒定量评价水凝胶的细胞毒性。首先,将NIH/3T3置于DMEM培养基(含10%胎牛血清和1%的青霉素-链霉素)中培养。收集对数期生长的细胞接种于96孔板(接种量为5000个细胞/孔),置于37 ℃,5% CO2的细胞培养箱中贴壁培养24 h。同时,将紫外灭菌后的水凝胶材料浸泡于DMEM培养基(含10%胎牛血清和1%的青霉素-链霉素)中,24 h后取出,用0.22 μm细菌过滤器过滤,得到水凝胶浸提液。待细胞融合率达到80%后,弃去旧的培养基,加入100 μL水凝胶浸提液共培养24 h。最后,弃去水凝胶浸提液,用PBS清洗细胞,避光加入100 μL 10%的CCK-8溶液孵育1 h后,将96孔板置于酶标仪,测定其在450 nm波长处的吸光度,每个样品平行测定3次。细胞存活率(CS)计算如式(7)所示:
CS=(As-A0)/(Ac-A0)×100%
式中:As为水凝胶浸提液处理组的吸光度;Ac为未经水凝胶浸提液处理组的吸光度;A0为10%CCK-8溶液的吸光度。
MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶采用简单的一锅法制备:将单宁酸和N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶于去离子水,依次加入甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸和重组胶原蛋白溶解完全后,加入光引发剂I2959,混合均匀得到预聚液;将预聚液注入聚四氟乙烯模具中,用紫外灯照射20 min,即可制得MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶。
图1为MA-AAC、MA-AAC/TA/COL-0、MA-AAC/TA/COL-1的红外谱图。对于MA-AAC/TA/COL-0和MA-AAC/TA/COL-1水凝胶,在1600、1546 cm-1处出现TA中苯环的特征吸收峰[16]。3种水凝胶在3045~2834 cm-1的范围内出现吸收带。相较于MA-AAC水凝胶,MA-AAC/TA/COL-0和MA-AAC/TA/COL-1水凝胶在此处的吸收带变宽,并且分别在2977、2965 cm-1处出现单宁酸苯环上—OH的特征吸收。与MA-AAC/TA/COL-0水凝胶比较,MA-AAC/TA/COL-1水凝胶在单宁酸苯环上的—OH吸收峰向低波数方向移动,说明了单宁酸和MA-AAC链之间、单宁酸和重组胶原蛋白之间均发生了氢键相互作用。
图2为水凝胶的SEM图。MA-AAC单网络水凝胶呈现出较疏松的片状孔隙结构,其孔隙率为3.53%,孔径大小在2.36~8.39 μm,平均孔径为3.01 μm。MA-AAC/TA/COL-0双网络水凝胶为大小不一的孔状结构,孔隙率上升,为9.47%,孔隙大小在3.98~10.14 μm之间,平均孔隙大小为4.59 μm。这是由于在引入单宁酸后,增加了氢键、疏水作用和π-π堆叠等相互作用,提高了水凝胶的内部交联密度,使水凝胶的聚合体系不再单一。MA-AAC/TA/COL-3多网络水凝胶内部变得平整光滑,孔隙率下降至1.54%,孔径变小,其孔隙大小在1.10~4.46 μm之间,平均孔隙大小为1.31 μm,分布更加均匀。这是由于重组胶原蛋白的加入,可提供大量的非共价相互作用,增强了链间的交联,使链间缠绕更加紧密。上述结果表明:3种不同网络结构的水凝胶呈现不同的微观形貌,说明通过多网络构建水凝胶可调控其微观结构;MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶具有疏松多孔的3D网状结构,透气性好,可作为伤口敷料,为伤口愈合提供气体交换,加快愈合进程。
在MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶体系中,甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸通过光引发自由基聚合,形成水凝胶的第一网络,构成水凝胶的刚性部分;单宁酸作为第二网络,赋予水凝胶的多功能性,同时,其分子结构中含有大量的苯环和酚羟基,可通过氢键、疏水相互作用、π-π堆叠等作用,进一步交联第一网络,增强水凝胶的内聚力;引入重组胶原蛋白,可通过非共价相互作用,增强链间的交联和缠绕,形成水凝胶的第三网络,构成水凝胶的柔性部分,赋予水凝胶良好的力学性能。图3是推测的水凝胶形成机理和结构示意图。
图4(a)为水凝胶的拉伸应力-应变曲线。单网络水凝胶MA-AAC的拉伸强度为(80±1) kPa,断裂伸长率为(113.1±2.9)%。对于引入单宁酸后的双网络水凝胶MA-AAC/TA/COL-0,一方面,由于单宁酸通过氢键、π-π堆叠等相互作用,增强了水凝胶的交联密度,其拉伸强度提高至(100±2) kPa;另一方面,由于单宁酸提供的多种非共价作用,承担牺牲键的作用,在大变形下耗散能量,断裂伸长率增加至(163.3±2.3)%。加入重组胶原蛋白互混形成第三网络后,适量的重组胶原蛋白明显提升多网络水凝胶的拉伸性能,以MA-AAC/TA/COL-1的拉伸性能最优,最大拉伸强度为(130±3) kPa,最大断裂伸长率为(250.2±2.7)%,高于文献报道水凝胶的拉伸强度(76.22 kPa)[17]。但过量的重组胶原蛋白可能由于过多的交联而限制分子链之间的运动,导致拉伸强度和韧性断裂伸长率下降((130±3) kPa→(85±2) kPa,(250.2±2.7)%→(140.1±2.4)%)。
图4(b)为水凝胶的压缩应力-应变曲线。结果显示,MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶均能承受80%的大形变而不破裂,且压缩性能随重组胶原蛋白添加量的增加而增加。双网络水凝胶MA-AAC/TA/COL-0在80%形变下的压缩应力为(0.21±0.07) MPa,随着重组胶原蛋白的添加,水凝胶的压缩应力逐渐增大((0.21±0.07) MPa→(4.23±0.18) MPa),高于文献报道的水凝胶的压缩性能[18-20]。
自愈合是指材料不需要外部刺激的干预,能够内在地自动修复损伤,使其恢复正常的属性[21]。具有自愈合性能的水凝胶材料,可延长其使用寿命[22]。选取MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶进行自愈合性能测试,将2个圆柱体水凝胶切开(图5(a)),其中一个用罗丹明B染色,在无外力作用下,将两切面贴合在一起接触5 s后,愈合为一个完整的圆柱体水凝胶,且能用镊子夹起(图5(b))。试样在室温下自愈合6 h后,通过压缩性能实验定量测定其自愈合效率,结果如图5(c)所示。结果表明:MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶自愈合后仍能承受80%的形变而不破裂,压缩强度为(1.05±0.11) MPa,自愈合效率为67.7%,具有良好的自愈合性能。这是由于在MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶体系中,含有大量的氢键相互作用,可以产生动态和可逆的结合力。
理想的伤口敷料应当要为伤口愈合提供湿环境并能够及时吸收伤口分泌(渗出)的组织液[3]。模拟生理pH条件,将MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶浸泡在0.01 mol·L-1的PBS(pH=7.4)溶液中来考察它的溶胀性能,其溶胀率曲线如图6(a)所示。水凝胶在前48 h迅速吸水膨胀,48 h后吸水速率减缓,72 h后吸水速率降低,逐渐达到溶胀平衡。MA-AAC/TA/COL均具备较高的溶胀率,其中以MA-AAC/TA/COL-1最佳,溶胀率高达83.78±4.72。但随着重组胶原蛋白用量的增加,体系交联密度上升,可容纳的水分子的量降低,导致溶胀率逐渐下降((83.78±4.72)→(67.31±3.44))。
正常情况下,人体健康皮肤的pH值在4~6之间,微酸性环境可以阻止细菌增殖,降低伤口感染风险。模拟正常皮肤环境,考察MA-AAC/TA/COL-x水凝胶在pH=6.0条件下的溶胀性能(图6(b))。在酸性pH条件下的水凝胶显现出与中性环境相同的溶胀规律,都是随着胶原蛋白的增加,溶胀率降低((14.50±1.56)→(10.11±0.11))。但相比之下发现,同一水凝胶在不同pH值下的溶胀率相差极大,如MA-AAC/TA/COL-4水凝胶,在中性环境下,其平衡溶胀率为67.31±3.44,而在酸性环境下,MA-AAC/TA/COL-4水凝胶显示出较低的溶胀率,其平衡溶胀率为10.11±0.11。这可能是因为构成水凝胶的网络结构中,聚丙烯酸和重组胶原蛋白含有大量的羧基(—COOH),在酸性条件下,—COO—转变成—COOH,电离度降低,分子链收缩;在pH值提高后,—COOH不断解离,聚丙烯酸和重组胶原蛋白链伸展,亲水性增加。可见,MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶具有一定的pH敏感性,具备成为pH响应性材料的潜质。
理想的伤口敷料,须具备一定的自黏性,能与创口处脆弱的组织相粘,作为伤口愈合的屏障,免受细菌以及其他外部因素的感染[23]。以猪皮模拟人体组织,通过搭接剪切实验测定了水凝胶的黏附强度,结果如图7所示。单网络水凝胶MA-AAC对猪皮的黏附强度仅为(12.21±1.25) kPa。在引入单宁酸后,MA-AAC/TA/COL-0水凝胶的黏附强度提升至(19.96±2.28) kPa,相较于儿茶酚类接枝改性的PAA水凝胶(<5 kPa)[24],单宁酸分子含有更多酚羟基,能提供更多的氢键、π-π堆叠等相互作用,大大提升了水凝胶的界面黏附力。
加入重组胶原蛋白后,由于其含有大量—NH2、—COOH、—OH等基团,可以与生物组织上的基团形成氢键相互作用,提高界面黏附。随着重组胶原蛋白添加量的增加,水凝胶的黏附强度先提高后降低,MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶达到最大黏附强度(36.27±5.03) kPa,高于Liu等报道的“PBOF”黏附水凝胶(24 kPa)[25]。可见,MA-AAC/TA/COL-x水凝胶对皮肤具有优异的自黏附性能。
炎症、增殖、重塑是伤口愈合的3个主要阶段,炎症的存在会导致活性氧升高,同时氧化应激增强,进一步加重炎症反应,阻碍伤口的正常愈合[26]。因而,理想的伤口敷料,还需具备一定的抗氧化能力。采用DPPH自由基清除法探究水凝胶的体外抗氧化能力。如图8(a)所示,对于MA-AAC,溶液仍呈现自由基形式的DPPH的紫色;而对于MA-AAC/TA/COL-0和MA-AAC/TA/COL-1,由于释放的单宁酸使DPPH自由基还原,溶液颜色变为黄色。从图8(b)的水凝胶DPPH清除率可以看出,没有添加TA的水凝胶MA-AAC抗氧化性很差,而添加了单宁酸组分的水凝胶MA-AAC/TA/COL-0和MA-AAC/TA/COL-1均具备良好的抗氧化性能,共孵育30 min后,其中的MA-AAC/TA/COL-1水凝胶的抗氧化效率达到(80.2±0.9)%。
皮肤组织因损伤而丧失屏障功能,使机体容易受到外界环境中细菌、真菌、病毒等微生物的攻击。伤口一旦发生细菌感染,将严重阻碍伤口愈合,严重的细菌感染甚至会影响内脏器官,对健康构成严重威胁[27],因此防止细菌感染是伤口愈合过程中需要考虑的另一个重点。
采用典型的革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)和典型的革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)作为细菌模型,检测水凝胶的广谱抗菌性能,结果如图9所示。结果显示,MA-AAC水凝胶无抗菌性能,而添加了单宁酸成分的MA-AAC/TA/COL-1水凝胶具备优异的抗菌性能,在共培养4 h后,其抗菌率接近99.99%。抗菌结果表明,MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶可作为抗菌敷料,为伤口提供防止细菌感染的屏障,加快伤口愈合进程。
选取综合性能最佳的MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶进行了细胞毒性测试。以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(NIH/3T3)为细胞模型,用CCK-8法检测了不同浓度的MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶浸提液的生物相容性,24 h后细胞存活率如图10所示。结果显示,不同浓度的MA-AAC/TA/COL-3浸出液均展现出较低的细胞毒性,其细胞存活率均大于80%,说明MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性,可应用于生物医学领域。
(1)基于多网络结构设计,制备出的MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶具备优异的力学性能。其最大拉伸应变为(250.2±2.7)%,最大拉伸应力为(130±3) kPa。可承受80%的压缩形变而不破裂,最大压缩强度为(4.23±0.18) MPa。
(2)重组胶原蛋白赋予了MA-AAC-TA-COL水凝胶良好的组织黏附能力,对猪皮的最大黏附强度为(36.27±5.03) kPa。单宁酸赋予水凝胶良好的抗菌抗氧化性能,MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶最大DPPH清除率为(80.2±0.9)%,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑菌效果,其抗菌率接近99.99%。同时,体系内各种非共价相互作用,赋予了水凝胶较好的自愈合性能,MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶的自愈合效率为67.7%。不同pH条件下,MA-AAC/TA/COL水凝胶的溶胀率相差较大,具备一定的pH敏感性。
(3)MA-AAC/TA/COL-3水凝胶综合性能表现最佳,具有低细胞毒性,其细胞存活率大于80%,有望作为伤口敷料应用于生物医学领域,但其生物相容性仍有待进一步提升。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(20876180)
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doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000528
  • 接收时间:2024-07-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2026-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23
  • 录用日期:2024-12-04
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(20876180)
作者信息
    1.中南大学 化学化工学院,长沙 410083
    2.可孚医疗科技股份有限公司 合成生物学部,长沙 410000

通讯作者:

蒋玉仁(1967—),男,教授,博士,研究方向为生物催化及仿生合成研究,联系地址:湖南省长沙市岳麓区中南大学化学化工学院(410083),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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