Article(id=1321967890316768199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321967818057298402, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000686, pmid=null, cstr=32421.14.j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000686, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1764086400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1769529600000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-28, onlineDate=1793111306027, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1781884800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793111306027, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793111306027, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793111306027, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321967818057298402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, year='2026', volume='54', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='248', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781884800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793111288799, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793111414358, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321968344765411750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321967818057298402, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321968344765411751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321967818057298402, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=13, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321967890530677704, articleId=1321967890316768199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=EN, title=Application and research progress in flexible wearable intelligent materials for 24 h physical behavior monitoring, columnId=1321967818942296547, journalTitle=Journal of Materials Engineering, columnName=INTELLIGENT MATERIALS FOR FLEXIBLE AND WEARABLE DEVICES COLUMN, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Modern lifestyles are associated with significant public health concerns, including sedentary behavior and sleep disorders. Flexible wearable intelligent materials, characterized by excellent biocompatibility and continuous signal acquisition capabilities, are becoming a pivotal technology for the precise 24 h monitoring of physical behaviors (e.g., activity, sedentariness, and sleep). This review aims to dissect the current research landscape in this field, from theoretical foundations to engineering applications. It first explores the use of flexible electronic interfaces in physical activity monitoring, highlighting how material innovations have enabled the expansion from macroscopic biomechanical sensing to microscopic metabolite tracking. The role of these materials in identifying sedentary behaviors is then analyzed, focusing on high-sensitivity designs for capturing postural transitions and assessing physiological load. For sleep health, the discussion centers on unobtrusive material systems for long-term monitoring of respiratory and sleep rhythms. Furthermore, to support the extended operation of such wearable devices, this review synthesizes advanced self-powering and energy storage solutions, such as triboelectric nanogenerators, photovoltaics, and biofuel cells. Persistent challenges are identified, including the lack of standardized validation, limited battery life, and insufficient understanding of the complex correlations between behavior and physiology. Future progress is expected to depend on the convergence of material innovation, multimodal sensor fusion, optimized artificial intelligence algorithms, and large-scale clinical trials, ultimately contributing to a comprehensive smart health management ecosystem.
, authors=Jia GUO
1, Jiakai TANG
1, Shaoqing HOU
1, Dong ZHANG
2, Chunmei CAO
1, authorsList=Jia GUO, Jiakai TANG, Shaoqing HOU, Dong ZHANG, Chunmei CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunmei CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321967891436647375, articleId=1321967890316768199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=CN, title=面向24 h身体行为监测应用的柔性可穿戴智能材料应用研究进展, columnId=1321967819202343397, journalTitle=材料工程, columnName=面向柔性可穿戴器件的智能材料专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
现代生活方式带来了久坐、睡眠障碍等公众健康问题,柔性可穿戴智能材料凭借其较好的生物相容性与信号采集连续性,成为24 h身体行为(体力活动、久坐行为、睡眠)精准监测的核心技术支柱。本文旨在剖析该领域从基础理论到工程应用的研究现状,探讨了柔性电子界面在体力活动监测中的应用,阐述了传感器的材料创新实现从宏观生物力学感知到微观代谢产物追踪的演变;进一步分析了柔性电子材料在识别久坐行为中的作用,重点介绍了如何利用高灵敏度材料捕捉人体的姿势变化及评估生理负荷;在睡眠健康领域,则聚焦于无感化材料对睡眠呼吸与节律的监测。此外,还梳理了支撑设备长效续航的自供能及高效储能技术,如摩擦电、光伏及生物燃料电池等前沿方案。同时指出当前该领域仍面临标准化验证缺失、设备续航不足、行为与生理深层关系模糊等挑战。未来需通过材料创新、多模态传感融合、人工智能算法优化及大规模临床验证,以期构建全生命周期的智能化健康管理生态。
, authors=郭佳
1, 唐嘉凯
1, 侯少卿
1, 张栋
2, 曹春梅
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Relation of “physical activity-sedentary behavior-sleep pattern” 24 h physical behavior and human health, figureFileSmall=n1vyexIMZrNoOBz4dpHFjA==, figureFileBig=f2l1zhN5dY/4zr2Vq5z6Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321967895605785594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967890316768199, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
“体力活动-久坐行为-睡眠模式”24 h身体行为与人体健康的关系, figureFileSmall=n1vyexIMZrNoOBz4dpHFjA==, figureFileBig=f2l1zhN5dY/4zr2Vq5z6Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321967895815500795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967890316768199, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Key technology of flexible wearable devices in basic vital signs[37,44-48], figureFileSmall=0N75ILtoullaD6pJo/Efow==, figureFileBig=p38+oN4Awq2TzaHnbjXahA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321967895895192572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967890316768199, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
柔性可穿戴设备在基础生理指标中的关键技术[37,44-48], figureFileSmall=0N75ILtoullaD6pJo/Efow==, figureFileBig=p38+oN4Awq2TzaHnbjXahA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321967895995855869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967890316768199, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Application of flexible wearable devices in 24 h physical behavior(a)application in physical activity[66,68-69,78-79];(b)application in sleep[75];(c)application in sedentary behavior[67,73,80]
, figureFileSmall=yPKrzM8o5B8tRztzX8lbfg==, figureFileBig=wOAmxEb/bQXXlNB1/SXjjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321967896071353342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967890316768199, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
柔性可穿戴设备在24 h身体行为中的应用(a)在体力活动中的应用[66,68-69,78-79];(b)在睡眠监测中的应用[75];(c)在久坐行为中的应用[67,73,80]
, figureFileSmall=yPKrzM8o5B8tRztzX8lbfg==, figureFileBig=wOAmxEb/bQXXlNB1/SXjjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321967896142656511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967890316768199, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Performance comparison of flexible wearable energy systems
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Energy-harvesting technology | Energy source | Output performance | Cycle/stability | Application scenario | Ref. |
|---|
| OPV-ZIB integrated system | Indoor/outdoor light | η >16%, P >10.2 mW/cm², p>5.82 mWh/cm² | OPV: >92% retention after 500 h;ZIB: >86% capacity retention after 200 cycles;system maintains >80% efficiency after 500 bending cycles | Wearable sensors, smart watches | [61] |
| BFC-AgCl-Zn microgrid | Finger sweat (lactate) | VOC(BFC): 1.4 V;battery pack output:≈2.0 V; continuous power supply | Self-charging without motion;supports long-term continuous operation | Multi-metabolite monitoring,health assessment | [64] |
| PEET textile | Garment friction (mechanical energy) | p: 4.46 W/(m²·Hz);η: 19% | Performance exceeds conventional TENG by over two orders of magnitude;scalable integration | Sportswear, high-power wearable energy systems | [60] |
| PolaTex fabric | Ambient electromagnetic field (50/60 Hz) | Maximum energy recovery: 10.2 mW/person;sufficient to power a heart rate monitor | Utilizes human body as “antenna”;enables distributed, continuous power | Low-power office devices,wireless sensors | [63] |
TENG smart insole | Gait mechanical energy | Wireless self-powered, stable output | Performance depends on sustained motion;material durability is critical | Gait analysis, foot biomechanics monitoring | [65] |
), ArticleFig(id=1321967896222348288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321967890316768199, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同柔性可穿戴材料供能系统的性能比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Energy-harvesting technology | Energy source | Output performance | Cycle/stability | Application scenario | Ref. |
|---|
| OPV-ZIB integrated system | Indoor/outdoor light | η >16%, P >10.2 mW/cm², p>5.82 mWh/cm² | OPV: >92% retention after 500 h;ZIB: >86% capacity retention after 200 cycles;system maintains >80% efficiency after 500 bending cycles | Wearable sensors, smart watches | [61] |
| BFC-AgCl-Zn microgrid | Finger sweat (lactate) | VOC(BFC): 1.4 V;battery pack output:≈2.0 V; continuous power supply | Self-charging without motion;supports long-term continuous operation | Multi-metabolite monitoring,health assessment | [64] |
| PEET textile | Garment friction (mechanical energy) | p: 4.46 W/(m²·Hz);η: 19% | Performance exceeds conventional TENG by over two orders of magnitude;scalable integration | Sportswear, high-power wearable energy systems | [60] |
| PolaTex fabric | Ambient electromagnetic field (50/60 Hz) | Maximum energy recovery: 10.2 mW/person;sufficient to power a heart rate monitor | Utilizes human body as “antenna”;enables distributed, continuous power | Low-power office devices,wireless sensors | [63] |
TENG smart insole | Gait mechanical energy | Wireless self-powered, stable output | Performance depends on sustained motion;material durability is critical | Gait analysis, foot biomechanics monitoring | [65] |
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