Article(id=1321935422792520670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321927083589227197, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000360, pmid=null, cstr=32421.14.j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000360, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751040000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758470400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-22, onlineDate=1793103565166, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1776614400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793103565166, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793103565166, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793103565166, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321927083589227197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, year='2026', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='345', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776614400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793101576945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793101576945, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=237, endPage=249, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321935423006430175, articleId=1321935422792520670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=EN, title=Effect of heat treatment on microstructure modulation and aging precipitation behavior of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy, columnId=1220689384450478826, journalTitle=Journal of Materials Engineering, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy is prepared using the smelting process. This study investigates the impacts of solution and aging temperatures, as well as their durations, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy. Additionally, it analyzed the morphology, size, and distribution of Si and precipitated phases.It is observed that the as-cast microstructure comprises α-Al, eutectic Si, Mg₂Si, Al₃Sc, and Al₃(Sc, Zr) phases. As the solution and aging temperatures and times increase, the morphology of the Si phase transforms from plate-like and fibrous to worm-like and nearly spherical. Prolonged holding times lead to the segregation and coarsening of the Si phase, which turns into short rod-like structures. The tensile strength and elongation initially rise and then decline with increasing solution temperature. During single-stage aging at 170 °C, the strength and hardness first increase and then decrease with the extension of the holding time, eventually reaching a stable state. The interface between the β´´ and α-Al phases evolves from coherent to semi-coherent and then incoherent, and the fracture mechanism shifts from intergranular fracture to typical dimple fracture.Pre-aging at 110 ℃ promotes the precipitation of β´´ and Al₃(Sc, Zr) phases, significantly spheroidizes the morphology of the Si phase, and refines its size. The length and precipitated surface density of the β´´ phases are (29 ± 1.8) nm and 3.52 × 10³ μm⁻², respectively. After dual-stage aging at 110 °C/2 h + 170 °C/6 h, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation can reach 363, 301 MPa, and 7.9%, respectively.

, authors=Zhenzhong FAN1, 2, Ji WANG3, Hongbiao LI3, Shide LI3, Yanzhong TIAN4, Shoujie YANG1, 2, authorsList=Zhenzhong FAN, Ji WANG, Hongbiao LI, Shide LI, Yanzhong TIAN, Shoujie YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhenzhong FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321935427041350648, articleId=1321935422792520670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=CN, title=热处理对Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金显微组织调控与时效析出行为的影响, columnId=1220689384622445292, journalTitle=材料工程, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用熔铸法制备Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金,研究固溶、时效热处理温度与时间对合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响规律,分析固溶、时效热处理态下Si相及沉淀相析出形貌、尺寸及分布。结果表明:铸态组织由α-Al、共晶Si相、Mg2Si相、Al3Sc相和Al3(Sc,Zr)相组成,随固溶温度与保温时间增加,Si相形貌由板片状、纤维状演变为蠕虫状、近球状,保温过长时偏聚、粗化转为短棒状,材料室温强度极限与伸长率随固溶温度提高先上升后下降。170 ℃单级时效下材料强度、硬度随保温时间延长先上升后下降并趋于稳定,β″相与α-Al界面由共格演变为半共格、非共格,材料断裂机制由铸态沿晶断裂转变为典型韧窝断裂。110 ℃预时效形成弥散分布G.P.区,促进β″和Al3(Sc,Zr)沉淀相大量析出并显著球化Si相形貌,细化Si相尺寸,β″相长度与析出数量分别为(29±1.8) nm和3.52×103 μm-2,110 ℃/2 h+170 ℃/6 h双级时效热处理后材料抗拉强度、屈服强度与伸长率可达363、301 MPa与7.9%。

, authors=樊振中1, 2, 王佶3, 李鸿标3, 李世德3, 田艳中4, 杨守杰1, 2, authorsList=樊振中, 王佶, 李鸿标, 李世德, 田艳中, 杨守杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=樊振中, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
樊振中(1985—),男,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为轻质合金材料研制与大型复杂构件精密成形制造,联系地址:北京市81信箱2分箱(100095),E-mail:
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Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2023(181):111521-111534., articleTitle=Solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al-11wt%Si alloy modified with Nb and Sb, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321935441914351733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=878, issue=null, pageStart=160343, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=39, authorNames=PEREIRA C L, GOMES L F, GARCIA A, journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEREIRA C L, GOMES L F, GARCIA A,et al.Comparing the roles of Sb and Bi on microstructures and application properties of the Al-15% Si alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2021,878:160343., articleTitle=Comparing the roles of Sb and Bi on microstructures and application properties of the Al-15% Si alloy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321935442006626422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=1012, pageStart=178532, pageEnd=178551, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=40, authorNames=OU L M, XING S M, BAO P W, journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OU L M, XING S M, BAO P W,et al. Enhanced castability of multi-element hypeoeutectic Al-Si alloys via synergistic microalloying with Sb and La[J]. 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caption=力学性能拉伸试样尺寸示意图, figureFileSmall=A+HaG18m14QVuz6+4a8PAw==, figureFileBig=Ky66UzRdr2atPEQW3cRpgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935432263258160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=DSC curves of as-cast Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy, figureFileSmall=vtQhaBWHJo61noXl+UvT/g==, figureFileBig=w5C/nPRVaNyQIqh1Y6dIAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935432330367025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金铸态DSC曲线, figureFileSmall=vtQhaBWHJo61noXl+UvT/g==, figureFileBig=w5C/nPRVaNyQIqh1Y6dIAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935432418447410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Room temperature mechanical properties of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy under different solution temperatures, figureFileSmall=xKQPiPpe+j0KuZhy01qvdw==, figureFileBig=lMPHsrjaiSg4t2QDyJNQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935432489750579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同固溶温度下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金室温力学性能, figureFileSmall=xKQPiPpe+j0KuZhy01qvdw==, figureFileBig=lMPHsrjaiSg4t2QDyJNQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935432573636660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=XRD patterns and phase identification of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloys under as-cast state and different solution temperatures, figureFileSmall=oTb19oprOSTccKYjUyrHTA==, figureFileBig=mEvEPuqNN25kQ3GZsb5lJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935432674299957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=图4, caption=铸态与不同固溶温度下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金的XRD图谱及组成相标定, figureFileSmall=oTb19oprOSTccKYjUyrHTA==, figureFileBig=mEvEPuqNN25kQ3GZsb5lJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935432749797430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SEM microstructure morphology and element distribution of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy in the solution state

(a)SEM microstructure morphology;(b)Si;(c)Mg;(d)Sc;(e)Zr;(f)Sb

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(a)SEM组织形貌;(b)Si;(c)Mg;(d)Sc;(e)Zr;(f)Sb

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(a)525 ℃;(b)535 ℃;(c)545 ℃;(d)555 ℃

(a)525 ℃;(b)535 ℃;(c)545 ℃;(d)555 ℃

, figureFileSmall=zOfr1/5GdneVi2/GWdHvew==, figureFileBig=ysB1FDymuWQn7+CLbTOa0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935433064370234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Statistics on microstructure morphology and silicon phase size distribution of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy under different solution time (a)as-cast;(b)2 h;(c)4 h;(d)6 h;(e)8 h;(f)10 h;(g)12 h;(h)14 h;(i)16 h, figureFileSmall=lZ2fygl+e/GfmVx0gdu7mg==, figureFileBig=MvTp0sLoTpJXfztWPWw0uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935433156644923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同固溶保温时间下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb 合金组织形貌和Si相尺寸分布统计

(a)铸态;(b)2 h;(c)4 h;(d)6 h;(e)8 h;(f)10 h;(g)12 h;(h)14 h;(i)16 h

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(a)aging for 6 h;(b)aging for 10 h;(c)HRTEM of β″ phase;(d)FFT of β″ phase

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(a)时效保温6 h;(b)时效保温10 h;(c)β″相HRTEM图;(d))β″相FFT图

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(a)as-cast;(b)aging state;(c)enlarged view of selection area

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(a)铸态;(b)时效态;(c)选区放大图

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(a)tensile strength;(b)elongation

, figureFileSmall=zp2QFqyHcwmHTOGwzKOw6A==, figureFileBig=AYK2kjiA9r1Od/LCHX8bqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935435207659585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同双级时效保温时间下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金室温力学性能

(a)抗拉强度;(b)伸长率

, figureFileSmall=zp2QFqyHcwmHTOGwzKOw6A==, figureFileBig=AYK2kjiA9r1Od/LCHX8bqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935435291545666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Microstructure of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy in different heat treatment states

(a),(b)as-cast;(c),(d)single-stage aging heat treatment;(e),(f)dual-stage aging heat treatment

, figureFileSmall=ze98xGBkwZ/T7mySTwhkxw==, figureFileBig=dnnSucoOxgCujGSJIPKzBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321935435358654531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同热处理状态Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金微观组织

(a),(b)铸态;(c),(d)单级时效热处理;(e),(f)双级时效热处理

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(a)single-stage aging heat treatment;(b)dual-stage aging heat treatment;(c)elemental analysis of precipitated phase selected area;

(d)Al;(e)Si;(f)Mg;(g)Sc;(h)Zr

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(a)单级峰时效态;(b)双级峰时效态;(c)析出相选区元素分析;(d)Al;(e)Si;(f)Mg;(g)Sc;(h)Zr

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Chemical composition of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy(mass fraction/%)

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SiMgScZrSbAl
5.980.750.190.150.12Bal.
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Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金化学成分(质量分数/%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiMgScZrSbAl
5.980.750.190.150.12Bal.
), ArticleFig(id=1321935435849388104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Single-stage and dual-stage aging heat treatment parameters of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Solution temperature/℃Solution time/hQuenching mediumQuenching temperature/℃Preaging temperature/℃Preaging time/hAgeing temperature/℃Aging time/h
5458Water401706
5458Water4011021556
5458Water4011021706
5458Water4011021856
), ArticleFig(id=1321935435937468489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金单级与双级时效热处理制度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Solution temperature/℃Solution time/hQuenching mediumQuenching temperature/℃Preaging temperature/℃Preaging time/hAgeing temperature/℃Aging time/h
5458Water401706
5458Water4011021556
5458Water4011021706
5458Water4011021856
), ArticleFig(id=1321935436054909002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Vickers hardness of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy under different single-stage aging time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Temperature/℃0.5 h2 h4 h6 h8 h10 h12 h
15592±1.198±0.7108±2.9117±1.6111±2.8106±4.5104±0.5
17091±0.8100±1.2113±3.3121±2.6117±3.8109±1.6106±1.7
18590±0.8108±1.8115±4.2109±1.1103±1.5100±2.899±0.8
), ArticleFig(id=1321935436134600779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同单级时效保温时间下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金维氏硬度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Temperature/℃0.5 h2 h4 h6 h8 h10 h12 h
15592±1.198±0.7108±2.9117±1.6111±2.8106±4.5104±0.5
17091±0.8100±1.2113±3.3121±2.6117±3.8109±1.6106±1.7
18590±0.8108±1.8115±4.2109±1.1103±1.5100±2.899±0.8
), ArticleFig(id=1321935436256235596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mechanical properties of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy under different single-stage aging time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StateTensile strength/MPaYield strength/MPaElongation/%Q
As-cast211±3.1125±2.85.1±2.0317±24
170 ℃/4 h343±4.8271±3.27.9±0.2477±7
170 ℃/6 h353±4.7282±7.57.6±0.8485±11
170 ℃/8 h349±3.3287±3.84.6±1.3448±20
170 ℃/10 h340±2.1281±2.64.1±0.6431±3
), ArticleFig(id=1321935436331733069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321935422792520670, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同单级时效保温时间下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金室温力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StateTensile strength/MPaYield strength/MPaElongation/%Q
As-cast211±3.1125±2.85.1±2.0317±24
170 ℃/4 h343±4.8271±3.27.9±0.2477±7
170 ℃/6 h353±4.7282±7.57.6±0.8485±11
170 ℃/8 h349±3.3287±3.84.6±1.3448±20
170 ℃/10 h340±2.1281±2.64.1±0.6431±3
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热处理对Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金显微组织调控与时效析出行为的影响
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樊振中 1, 2 , 王佶 3 , 李鸿标 3 , 李世德 3 , 田艳中 4 , 杨守杰 1, 2
材料工程 | 研究论文 2026,54(4): 237-249
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材料工程 |研究论文 2026 , 54 (4) : 237 -249
热处理对Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金显微组织调控与时效析出行为的影响
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樊振中1, 2 , 王佶3, 李鸿标3, 李世德3, 田艳中4, 杨守杰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京 100095
  • 2.北京市先进铝合金材料及应用工程技术研究中心,北京 100095
  • 3.中信戴卡股份有限公司,河北 秦皇岛 066000
  • 4.东北大学 材料科学与工程学院,沈阳 110167
通讯作者:
樊振中(1985—),男,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为轻质合金材料研制与大型复杂构件精密成形制造,联系地址:北京市81信箱2分箱(100095),E-mail:
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure modulation and aging precipitation behavior of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy
Zhenzhong FAN1, 2 , Ji WANG3, Hongbiao LI3, Shide LI3, Yanzhong TIAN4, Shoujie YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China
  • 2.Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Aluminum Alloys and Applications,Beijing 100095,China
  • 3.CITlC Dicastal Co. ,Ltd. ,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China
  • 4.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110167,China
出版时间: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000360
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采用熔铸法制备Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金,研究固溶、时效热处理温度与时间对合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响规律,分析固溶、时效热处理态下Si相及沉淀相析出形貌、尺寸及分布。结果表明:铸态组织由α-Al、共晶Si相、Mg2Si相、Al3Sc相和Al3(Sc,Zr)相组成,随固溶温度与保温时间增加,Si相形貌由板片状、纤维状演变为蠕虫状、近球状,保温过长时偏聚、粗化转为短棒状,材料室温强度极限与伸长率随固溶温度提高先上升后下降。170 ℃单级时效下材料强度、硬度随保温时间延长先上升后下降并趋于稳定,β″相与α-Al界面由共格演变为半共格、非共格,材料断裂机制由铸态沿晶断裂转变为典型韧窝断裂。110 ℃预时效形成弥散分布G.P.区,促进β″和Al3(Sc,Zr)沉淀相大量析出并显著球化Si相形貌,细化Si相尺寸,β″相长度与析出数量分别为(29±1.8) nm和3.52×103 μm-2,110 ℃/2 h+170 ℃/6 h双级时效热处理后材料抗拉强度、屈服强度与伸长率可达363、301 MPa与7.9%。

Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金  /  热处理  /  显微组织  /  时效强化  /  力学性能

The Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy is prepared using the smelting process. This study investigates the impacts of solution and aging temperatures, as well as their durations, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy. Additionally, it analyzed the morphology, size, and distribution of Si and precipitated phases.It is observed that the as-cast microstructure comprises α-Al, eutectic Si, Mg₂Si, Al₃Sc, and Al₃(Sc, Zr) phases. As the solution and aging temperatures and times increase, the morphology of the Si phase transforms from plate-like and fibrous to worm-like and nearly spherical. Prolonged holding times lead to the segregation and coarsening of the Si phase, which turns into short rod-like structures. The tensile strength and elongation initially rise and then decline with increasing solution temperature. During single-stage aging at 170 °C, the strength and hardness first increase and then decrease with the extension of the holding time, eventually reaching a stable state. The interface between the β´´ and α-Al phases evolves from coherent to semi-coherent and then incoherent, and the fracture mechanism shifts from intergranular fracture to typical dimple fracture.Pre-aging at 110 ℃ promotes the precipitation of β´´ and Al₃(Sc, Zr) phases, significantly spheroidizes the morphology of the Si phase, and refines its size. The length and precipitated surface density of the β´´ phases are (29 ± 1.8) nm and 3.52 × 10³ μm⁻², respectively. After dual-stage aging at 110 °C/2 h + 170 °C/6 h, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation can reach 363, 301 MPa, and 7.9%, respectively.

Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy  /  heat treatment  /  microstructure  /  aging strengthening  /  mechanical property
樊振中, 王佶, 李鸿标, 李世德, 田艳中, 杨守杰. 热处理对Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金显微组织调控与时效析出行为的影响. 材料工程, 2026 , 54 (4) : 237 -249 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000360
Zhenzhong FAN, Ji WANG, Hongbiao LI, Shide LI, Yanzhong TIAN, Shoujie YANG. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure modulation and aging precipitation behavior of Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2026 , 54 (4) : 237 -249 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000360
因密度低、比强度高、耐蚀性好,且具有较好的断裂韧性和优异的加工性能,铝合金作为当前全球制造工业中应用最广泛的有色金属结构材料之一,在航空航天、汽车和交通运输等领域均获得了大量应用[1-4]。与其他成形工艺相比,铸造能实现复杂结构一体化成形,材料减重与结构减重效果明显,尤以Al-Si系铸造铝合金应用最为广泛[5-6]。通过在Al-Si铸造铝合金中添加Mg、Cu、Mn等元素提高合金材料的力学性能,进一步地添加Sc、Zr、Er等元素细化铸态组织,同时形成大量细小尺寸的Al3Sc、Al3Zr、Al3Er等第二相钉扎晶界或位错滑移,提高合金的疲劳强度与塑性。
铝合金中添加Sc、Zr元素可显著细化晶粒尺寸,同时提高再结晶温度提升耐热温限,单独添加0.18%(质量分数,下同)Sc元素时,晶粒尺寸降低85%,室温强度极限可提升30%左右[7-10]。Al-Cu系合金复合添加Sc、Zr元素时(Al3x) L12弥散相析出速率大幅提高,生成大量Al3(Zr,Sc)纳米相,抑制Al20Cu2Mn3(T相)析出和Al3Sc/Al3(Sc1-x,Ti x )相粗化,Al2CuMg(S相)析出数量增多,析出尺寸细化,W相形貌及分布得到改善,晶粒尺寸由396 μm降至55 μm,室温强度极限、伸长率和材料断裂韧度(KIC)达500 MPa、20%与21.4 MPa·m1/2 [11-16]。精密热处理时可诱发粒子激发形核再结晶机制(PSN),抑制再结晶并细化亚晶尺寸,促进θ相、S相和{111}惯析面G.P.Ⅱ饱和区析出,在晶内、晶界析出大量Al3Zr与Al3(Sc,Er)纳米相,MgZn2相、Al3Li相自由能随之降低,析出密度大幅增加,材料室温强度极限可达720 MPa,材料伸长率升至35%[17-25]。受Sc原子在α-Al层错富集析出L12晶型Al3Sc相界面能的各向异性影响,长时保温时效时α-Al/Al3Sc界面将由共格转变为半共格,材料强度下降;受共晶反应界面凝固参数影响下Al3Sc相形貌可由立方演变为多维立方或层叠蝴蝶状枝晶,添加适量Mg元素可增加Al3Sc相非共格析出临界尺寸,延缓Al3Sc相形貌演变;Sc元素对θ′相沉淀析出影响显著,通过调控Cu、Sc元素配比可形成Al3Sc+θ′双级沉淀相,显著提高材料强度与塑性[26-31]。为避免针状、板片状共晶硅相形貌在硅相尖端产生应力集中,恶化材料性能,通常在Al-Si合金中添加变质元素以细化硅相尺寸并改善其形貌,传统的钠盐变质环境污染高、有效变质作用时间短;近年来,研究人员[32-35]发现通过添加Sb元素,硅相颗粒尺寸可细化至55 μm以下,硅相形貌呈典型蠕虫状、球状,有效提高合金的综合力学性能,且可进一步提高Al-Si合金的耐蚀性能,得到了广泛的应用。
综上可知,目前公开报道的Sc、Zr元素添加及其热处理析出强化机理研究多数集中于Al-Cu、Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金,研究Sc、Zr元素添加后Al3Zr、Al3(Zr,Sc)纳米相的细化机理及其与Al2Cu、MgZn2、Al2CuMg、Al20Cu2Mn3等沉淀强化相的界面关系,对Al-Si-Mg合金开展的研究较少。已有的Al-Si-Mg合金Sc、Zr元素添加研究多侧重于晶粒细化和硅相形貌变质[30-31],对Al-Si-Mg合金组织形貌影响及热处理析出强化调控报道较少。本工作基于Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb铸造铝合金,系统研究单级固溶、单级时效与双级时效热处理时合金显微组织演变规律及强化相时效析出行为,为Al-Si-Mg铸造铝合金精密热处理组织性能调控制备提供理论依据及实际指导。
使用纯铝锭(>99.99%)、纯镁锭(>99.95%)、AlSi12中间合金、AlSc2中间合金、AlZr4中间合金和AlSb4中间合金进行称重配制,采用电阻熔化加热方式熔炼合金,石墨坩埚熔量为100 kg,表1为合金化学成分测试结果。添加Sb元素后在熔体中形成AlSb相,细小AlSb相可吸附在共晶Si相表面,阻碍Si在固液界面上的扩散速度,抑制共晶Si相快速生长并细化Si相尺寸,起到良好的Si相变质效果。在石墨坩埚中添加纯铝锭和AlSi12中间合金升温熔化,随后按合金配制化学成分添加适量的AlSc2中间合金、AlZr4中间合金和AlSb4中间合金,降温至740 ℃进行除渣,除渣剂由C2Cl6、TiO2和CaCO3组成,质量配比为72∶20∶8,除渣后在熔体中添加纯镁锭,待纯镁锭熔化后降温至720 ℃,通入氩气进行除气,旋转喷吹转子转速为600 r·min-1,除气时间为10 min,除气结束后静置12 min浇铸金属型试棒,浇铸温度为710 ℃,金属型模具温度为100 ℃。表2为Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金单级与双级时效热处理制度。
采用不同目数砂纸与Al2O3抛光剂对Al-6Si-0.7Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金铸态试样进行研磨抛光,微观组织采用Keller试剂进行腐蚀,溶液体积配比为HF∶HCl∶HNO3∶H2O=2∶3∶5∶190,腐蚀时间为5~8 s,利用ZeissScope-A1型光学显微镜观察合金的显微组织。利用D8 ADVANCE型X射线衍射仪对试样进行X射线衍射分析(X-ray diffraction,XRD),测试参数为CuKα衍射,λ=0.154 nm,加速电压为40 kV,2θ范围为20°~90°,扫描速率为5 (°)/min,并采用Jade 6.0软件对XRD图谱进行处理和物相分析。利用NETZSCH 404 C型差热分析仪,在氩气保护气氛中对铸态试样(约15 mg)进行差示扫描热分析(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC),测试温度范围为室温至660 ℃,升温速率为10 ℃/min。采用FEI nano 450型场发射扫描电子显微镜观察室温拉伸试样断口形貌,工作电压为15 kV,工作距离为10~15 mm,工作电流为55~60 μA,采用EDS(energy dispersive spectroscopy)对试样表面元素分布进行定量标定。利用线切割切取固溶态和时效态合金试样,厚度约0.5 mm;再用砂纸磨至厚度约40 μm,冲取直径为3 mm的试样在Gatan Model 695 PIPS II型离子减薄仪上利用氩离子进行减薄。减薄参数为:离子束能量为5 keV,研磨角度为±8°,直至形成初始孔洞;然后调整离子束能量为4 keV,研磨角度为±6°,继续减薄并扩大孔洞。减薄过程用液氮冷却,减薄温度为-99 ℃。采用Talos F200X G2型透射电子显微镜观察合金的组织形貌和选区电子衍射(selected area electron diffraction,SAED),工作电压为200 kV。采用FM-700型维氏硬度计,结合FM-ARS9000型维氏硬度测试系统,按照GB/T 4340.1—2009测试固溶态和时效态合金的维氏硬度,载荷为0.49 N,每个试样测试10个点,结果取平均值。将固溶态和时效态试棒按照GB/T 228.1—2010加工成Ф5 mm标准室温拉伸试样,拉伸试样尺寸如图1所示;利用Instron 5982型万能试验机按照GB/T 228.1—2010测试合金的室温拉伸性能,拉伸速度为1.5 mm·min-1。
图2为铸态Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金的DSC曲线。结果显示,500~550 ℃之间未见明显的吸热、放热峰,550 ℃之后继续升温时出现两个吸热峰,表明铸态合金在此吸热峰对应的温度附近会发生相变反应。其中第一个吸热峰温度为577 ℃,对应二元共晶反应相(α-Al+Si)的吸热熔化;第二个吸热峰温度为618 ℃,对应α-Al相的吸热熔化;对550~577 ℃温度范围进行放大分析,还存在一处吸热峰,温度为558 ℃,对应低熔点三元共晶反应相(α-Al+Si+Mg2Si)的吸热熔化。为避免固溶保温过程出现过烧组织,固溶保温温度控制在558 ℃以下,实验设定固溶保温的温度范围为525~555 ℃,温度间隔为10 ℃。不同固溶保温温度下保温8 h并在170 ℃时效保温6 h,对试样进行室温拉伸力学性能测试,结果如图3所示,可以看出,不同固溶保温温度下材料室温抗拉强度呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,并在545 ℃固溶保温温度下取得最大值,为353 MPa;材料伸长率随固溶保温温度上升呈现出相同的变化趋势,在535 ℃时取得峰值,为9.6%;继续提高固溶保温温度至555 ℃时,由于接近过烧点温度(558 ℃),受材料组织过烧风险影响,材料伸长率降至4.2%。
图4为Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金铸态与不同固溶保温温度下的XRD图谱及其组成相鉴定结果。经观察发现,铸态试样主要存在α-Al、Si、Mg2Si、Al3Sc和Al3Zr相的衍射峰,其中,后两种物相的衍射峰较为微弱,考虑到Sc、Zr添加量较低,铸态组织中的Al3Sc和Al3Zr相数量较少。随着固溶保温过程持续进行及温度连续上升,晶界区域共晶Si相不断熔入α-Al,衍射峰强度连续下降(28.46°、37.42°)。仅可在525~535 ℃固溶温度下观察到Al3Zr相衍射峰,高于535 ℃时衍射峰基本消失,证明当固溶温度大于535 ℃时,Al3Zr相吸热熔入α-Al。525~545 ℃温度范围可在78.32°观察到Al3Sc相衍射峰,衍射峰强度随固溶温度升高连续下降,555 ℃时仅可观察到微弱的衍射峰,表明此时大部分Al3Sc相已熔入α-Al。分析认为,受微量合金元素固溶量与固溶温度正比关系影响,Al3Sc、Al3Zr相衍射峰强度随固溶温度升高连续降低;且考虑到Sc、Zr元素添加含量较低,因此在固溶保温持续一定时间后Al3Sc、Al3Zr相衍射峰会明显消失。固溶温度持续升高后Mg2Si铸态相不断熔入α-Al,衍射峰强度连续下降,且当固溶温度为555 ℃时未在40.12°处观察到明显的Mg2Si相衍射峰,证明555 ℃固溶时Mg2Si相可充分熔入α-Al。
Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金固溶态SEM组织形貌与元素分布如图5所示。结果显示,固溶态组织主要包括短棒状相(箭头)、黑色颗粒相(圆形线框)与明亮块状相(矩形线框),见图5(a)。结合图5(b)~(f)所示EDS面扫描分布可知,短棒状相为共晶Si相,铸态组织板条状共晶Si相固溶过程吸收热量后,Si相尖端不断熔入α-Al,形貌转变为短棒状,见图5(b)箭头位置。黑色颗粒相Mg、Si元素叠加分布且大小尺寸不一,平均直径约3.2 μm,为Mg2Si相,见图5(c)圆框位置;铸态组织Mg2Si相固溶过程吸收热量不同,熔入α-Al速率不同造成固溶态Mg2Si相尺寸存在显著差异。Sc元素分布呈现明显偏聚性,见图5(d)线框位置,明亮块状相应为Al3Sc相。添加Zr元素在熔铸过程形成大量均匀分布且尺寸细小的Al3Zr相,作为异质凝固核心细化铸态晶粒,固溶过程未发生聚集分布,图5(e)未观察到明显的Zr元素聚集分布;Sb元素添加后主要依附在Si相生长界面,阻碍Si相沿单维方向快速生长,改善Si相形貌,未产生偏聚分布,见图5(f)。
Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金不同固溶温度下微观组织形貌如图6所示。经观察发现,固溶态组织主要由α-Al枝晶、明亮Si相和黑色Mg2Si相组成,见图6(a)~(d)线框位置。Mg2Si相随固溶温度上升不断吸收热量,熔入α-Al其尺寸不断降低,数量持续减少;545 ℃固溶温度下未观察到明显Mg2Si相,温度升高至555 ℃出现细小尺寸Mg2Si相;Mg2Si相数量与尺寸随固溶温度升高呈现出先减少后增加的变化趋势,见图6中矩形虚线框位置。525 ℃固溶保温晶界区域可见短棒状Si相、细小尺寸针状Al3Sc相与黑色颗粒状Mg2Si相,较低固溶温度下Si相形貌未得到充分球化,Al3Sc、Mg2Si相未充分熔入α-Al。固溶温度升高至535 ℃时,晶界区域Si相分布更加均匀,尺寸得到细化,Si相长宽比明显降低;Al3Sc、Mg2Si相部分熔解,见图6(b)箭头位置。固溶温度升至545 ℃时,晶界区域Al3Sc相尺寸明显细化,数量显著减少;Si相形貌近似球形,尺寸细化明显且分布更加均匀,见图6(c)箭头所示,此时材料强度极限取得最大值。继续提高固溶温度至555 ℃时,Si相尺寸有所增加且呈现出明显的偏聚、粗化,形貌由近似球形转变为短棒状;同时可观察到大尺寸Al3Sc、Mg2Si相,见图6(d)箭头与椭圆线框位置,过高的固溶温度存在组织过烧风险,会降低材料强度与塑性。结合图3与图6测试结果可知,Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金最佳固溶温度为545 ℃。
Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金不同固溶保温时间下的组织形貌和Si相尺寸分布统计结果如图7所示。分析可知,铸态组织Si相呈板片状、纤维状,尺寸较大,见图7(a);固溶保温2 h后Si相形貌部分呈板片状,部分转变为蠕虫状,见图7(b)。继续延长固溶保温时间后纤维状、蠕虫状Si相尖端发生颈缩与钝化,尖端区域Si相不断熔入α-Al,造成成分波动并诱发Si相表面产生凹坑,且凹坑持续向Si相内部扩展,直至尖端区域脱熔断裂,Si相形貌趋于球化。固溶保温8 h时Si相尺寸明显细化且分布更加均匀,形貌由蠕虫状转变为球形,见图7(e);继续延长保温时间时,尖端区域脱熔断裂的小尺寸Si相偏聚黏连长大,Si相形貌重新转变为板片状、纤维状,分布呈明显偏聚性且尺寸有所长大,见图7(i)。不同固溶保温时间下的Si相形貌及尺寸演变是一个热扩散过程,当固溶保温一定时长时Si相形貌充分球化且趋于均匀分散分布,Si相此时作为主强化相可兼具良好的材料强度与塑性;当固溶保温过长时,已趋于均匀分布的细小球形Si相在热扩散作用下偏聚分布并持续长大,板片状形貌Si相尖端区域的应力集中将降低材料强度与塑性。采用 ImageJ软件对图7中的Si相尺寸与面积进行统计分析发现,铸态组织中Si相平均面积为(4.8±0.5) μm2,随着固溶保温时间增加呈现出先下降后上升的变化趋势,当固溶保温时间为8 h时Si相平均面积最小,为(2.8±0.6) μm2;继续固溶保温时Si相平均面积连续上升,当固溶保温16 h时Si相平均面积升至(4.3±0.8) μm2。
不同单级时效热处理保温时间下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金维氏硬度见表3。观察得知,材料维氏硬度随时效保温时间延长呈现出先上升后下降,并不断趋于稳定的变化趋势,155、170 ℃单级时效保温6 h时分别取得对应时效保温温度下的维氏硬度峰值,各为(117±1.6)HV和(121±2.6)HV;185 ℃单级时效保温4 h时到达维氏硬度峰值,为(115±4.2)HV;提高单级时效保温温度可降低峰值维氏硬度到达时间,结合表3测试结果优选单级时效热处理最佳保温温度为170 ℃。表4为170 ℃不同保温时间下Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金室温力学性能测试结果,Q值计算见式(1)。可以看出,170 ℃时效保温下随着保温时间增加,室温力学性能先上升后下降;时效保温6 h时材料强度极限达到峰值,为(353±4.7) MPa,材料伸长率为(7.6±0.8)%;继续延长保温时间至10 h时材料强度极限与伸长率连续下降,材料强度极限与材料伸长率分别降至(340±2.1) MPa和(4.1±0.6)%,与170 ℃时效保温6 h相比,材料伸长率下降46.1%。作为综合评定材料强度与塑性的量化指标,Q值随时效保温时间延长同样呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,170 ℃时效保温6 h时取得最大值,为(485±11);Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金时效热处理强化机制为沉淀强化,通过优化时效保温温度及时间可调控Mg、Si原子团簇形核、长大及粗化,获得均匀细小且弥散分布的强化相,提高材料强度与塑性;综合表3和表4测试结果可知,单级时效热处理最佳保温温度与时间分别为170 ℃和6 h。
Q=σb+d×lgδ
式中:σb为抗拉强度;δ为材料伸长率;d为材料相关系数;Al-Si-Mg系合金材料d值通常取为150。Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金不同时效保温时间TEM微观组织见图8。分析可知,Al-Si-Mg合金时效过程强化相析出次序为过饱和固溶体SSS→G.P.区→β"相(Mg5Si6)→β′相→β相(Mg2Si)[18,26],170 ℃保温6 h和10 h后均可观察到平行于〈100〉Al方向针状相(蓝色箭头)与垂直于〈100〉Al方向棒状相(黄色箭头),长度约50 nm,宽度约5 nm。对垂直截面针状相进行傅里叶变化(FFT)及标定,得知针状相应为单斜结构的β"相(Mg5Si6),α=γ=90°≠β=105.3°,与α-Al取向关系为(403)β″∥(020) α-Al,(601)β″∥(200) α-Al,见图8(d)。β″相与α-Al呈共格关系,由于晶格尺寸错配在α-Al晶格周围产生一定的畸变应力场,材料强度得到提升;时效保温持续进行时,β″相尺寸连续长大并转变为β′相,β′相与α-Al呈半共格关系,材料伸长率略有下降;当时效保温时间过长时,β′相完全转变为平衡相β相,与α-Al呈非共格关系,材料强度与伸长率下降明显。采用Image Pro Plus 6.0软件对图8(a)和8(b)中TEM明场相各选择4处100 nm×100 nm面积区域统计β"相尺寸与分布面密度,分析发现170 ℃保温6 h时β"相平均长度为(33±2.4) nm,面密度为3.26×103 μm-2;继续延长保温时间至10 h后,β"相平均长度增至 (39±3.2) nm,面密度降至3.14×103 μm-2。
Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金不同材料状态断口形貌如图9所示。经观察发现,铸态断口可观察到明显沿晶撕裂带与准解理断面,韧窝尺寸较大,见图9(a)箭头位置。时效态断口表面分布大量细小尺寸且呈规则形状的微观韧窝,韧窝底部呈凹形且均匀分布,见图9(b)箭头位置,可知时效热处理后材料断裂机制由沿晶断裂为主转为韧窝断裂。分析得知,时效态固溶保温过程Mg、Si、Sc等溶质原子实现均匀化分布,且Si相得到充分球化,Si相尖端对α-Al割裂作用显著下降,合金塑性得到有效提高[24]。对图9(b)矩形线框选区位置进行放大,每个韧窝坑底部都可观察到Si相颗粒破碎后残留下的断裂纹,见图9(c)箭头位置,表明固溶时效热处理有效调控了Si相颗粒形貌及分布,可改善和提高Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金的室温力学性能。
图10为Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金不同双级时效保温时间下室温力学性能。可以看出,110 ℃预时效保温2 h后材料抗拉强度随二级时效保温时间延长先上升后下降,且峰值抗拉强度抵达时间随二级时效温度上升连续下降。155 ℃二级时效保温8 h取得抗拉强度最大值,为351 MPa;170 ℃二级时效保温6 h抗拉强度抵达峰值,为360 MPa;当二级时效温度升至185 ℃时,保温4 h即抵达峰值抗拉强度,为355 MPa;材料伸长率随二级时效温度上升连续下降,由8.7%降至4.3%。分析认为,沉淀相析出驱动力随二级时效温度上升不断增强,185 ℃时β″和β′相激活能分别为76 kJ/mol和117 kJ/mol[17],185 ℃二级时效温度下β″和β′相可同时快速析出,峰值强度极限到达时间较短;155 ℃二级时效温度时以β″析出为主,β′相激活能较高析出数量较少,峰值强度极限保温时间随之增加。归因于双级时效过程Si相显著球化和Mg2Si相大量析出,在保持材料塑性的同时提升了材料的抗拉强度与屈服强度[25];与170 ℃时效6 h单级时效相比,110 ℃/2 h+170 ℃/6 h双级时效热处理后材料抗拉强度峰值由355 MPa提升至363 MPa,屈服强度峰值由282 MPa提高到301 MPa,屈服强度峰值提升6.7%,材料伸长率基本保持不变。
Al-6Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金不同材料状态微观组织如图11所示。结果显示,铸态组织Si相颗粒呈针状、纤维状,α-Al形貌为树枝晶,晶界区域可观察到明显的Mg2Si相颗粒,见图11(a)箭头位置。单级时效热处理后α-Al枝晶数量减少,晶粒尺寸更加均匀,Si相形貌由针状、纤维状转变为短棒状、近似球状,铸态组织粗大Mg2Si相部分熔入α-Al,尺寸得到细化,见图11(c),(d)箭头所示。双级时效热处理后α-Al形貌趋于等轴化,尺寸均匀化程度明显提高,Si相尺寸更加细小,形貌几近球形且呈均匀连续分布,见图11(e),(f)箭头与线框位置。对图11中的 Si相颗粒尺寸统计发现,单级时效热处理时Si相颗粒长宽比由铸态组织的(3.82±0.18)降为(1.75±0.21),双级时效热处理后Si相球化程度进一步提升,降至(1.52±0.09)。对不同时效状态Al-6 Si-0.75Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金进行TEM组织分析,测试结果见图12。分析可知,与单级峰时效态析出相形貌及分布类似,双级峰时效态下析出相仍以针状β″相和棒状β′相为主,但双级时效状态下经低温预时效热处理后,β″相析出数量明显增多,尺寸更加细化;统计发现经双级时效热处理后,β″相尺寸由(33±2.4) nm降为(29±1.8) nm,析出数量由3.26×103 μm-2升至3.52×103 μm-2,见图12(b)。对图12(c)所示的双级时效热处理态针状与盘片状析出强化相进行选区元素分析,由12(e)、(f)选区元素分析结果可知,图12(c)中的针状相主要富集Si、Mg元素,分析认为该析出相应为双级时效热处理后的β″相(Mg5Si6);由图12(g)、(h)选区元素分析结果得知,图12(c)中的盘片状析出强化相主要富集Sc、Zr元素,推测盘片状析出强化相应为双级时效热处理后再次析出的Al3(Sc,Zr)相。对比图12(a)和(b)可知,经低温预时效加热保温后,盘片状相析出数量明显增多。分析认为,110 ℃低温预时效加热保温时,过饱和固溶体SSS中的Si、Mg原子发生重组,聚集分布在α-Al空位或位错区,形成弥散分布的溶质原子偏聚区,即为G.P.Ⅰ区[17,20-21]。G.P.Ⅰ区为短程有序原子团簇,可为二级时效热处理过程β″相的析出提供形核核心,大量β″相析出后可阻碍位错滑移或攀移,起到第二相强化效果,提高材料屈服强度。
(1)Al-6Si-0.7Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr-0.12Sb合金铸态相包括α-Al、共晶Si相、Mg2Si相、Al3Sc相和Al3(Sc,Zr)相,随固溶保温温度上升,材料室温强度极限与伸长率先上升后下降,Si相形貌由板片状、纤维状转变为蠕虫状与近球状,过高固溶保温时Si相产生偏聚、粗化,形貌演变为短棒状,545 ℃固溶保温8 h下Si相平均面积降至(2.8±0.6) μm2。
(2)材料硬度随单级时效保温时间增加先上升后下降并趋于稳定,硬度峰值抵达时间随加热温度上升持续下降,170 ℃时效保温6 h时材料强度极限、伸长率与Q值分别达(353±4.7)MPa、(7.6±0.8)%与(485±11);时效保温时间延长时β″相与α-Al界面由共格演变为半共格、非共格,β″相长度增至(39±3.2) nm,析出数量降至3.14×103 μm-2,材料断裂机制呈现为韧窝断裂。
(3)110 ℃预时效2 h后Si、Mg原子重组,析出弥散分布G.P.Ⅰ区,促进β″相形核,β″相长度与析出数量分别为(29±1.8) nm和3.52×103 μm-2,α-Al形貌趋于等轴化且均匀分布,Si相形貌得到进一步球化且长宽比降至(1.52±0.09);经110 ℃/2 h+170 ℃/6 h双级时效热处理后材料抗拉强度、屈服强度与伸长率分别达363,301 MPa与7.9%。

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2026年第54卷第4期
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doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000360
  • 接收时间:2025-06-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-28
  • 录用日期:2025-09-22
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    1.中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京 100095
    2.北京市先进铝合金材料及应用工程技术研究中心,北京 100095
    3.中信戴卡股份有限公司,河北 秦皇岛 066000
    4.东北大学 材料科学与工程学院,沈阳 110167

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樊振中(1985—),男,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为轻质合金材料研制与大型复杂构件精密成形制造,联系地址:北京市81信箱2分箱(100095),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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