Article(id=1321927955878626225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321926982078681131, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000378, pmid=null, cstr=32421.14.j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000378, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751299200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758038400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-17, onlineDate=1793101784915, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793101784915, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793101784915, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793101784915, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321926982078681131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, year='2026', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='311', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793101552742, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793101552742, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=212, endPage=221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321927956067369906, articleId=1321927955878626225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=EN, title=Process and properties of porous metal aluminum fabricated by material extrusion forming, columnId=1220689384450478826, journalTitle=Journal of Materials Engineering, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Porous metal aluminum, a low-density metallic foam with a porous structure, exhibits good energy absorption and sound absorption properties, leading to its wide application in fields such as machinery manufacturing and aerospace. Currently, the fabrication of porous aluminum primarily relies on physical or electrochemical methods, which often involve complex processes and high costs. This study employs a low-cost material extrusion forming technique to prepare porous metal aluminum, investigates its forming characteristics, and systematically examines the effects of aluminum-based slurry solid content, forming parameters, and sintering processes on the properties of the extruded porous metal aluminum, and the pore structure is optimized to prepare porous metal aluminum. The results show that when the solid content of the aluminum-based slurry is 80%(mass fraction), the desired billet can be extruded completely without collapse or depression. Using process parameters of a needle diameter of 0.34 mm, a layer height of 0.22 mm, and a filling rate of 50% to prepare the billet. The porous metal aluminum obtained by sintering at 650 ℃ and holding for 150 min has good properties, with a flexural strength of 12.57 MPa, a porosity of 53.96%, and a shrinkage rate of 3.19%, meeting the performance requirements for porous metal aluminum.

, authors=Yangfan LI, Li YANG, Shiyan TANG, Jingfei LIU, Zhiyuan YANG, Zizhen XU, Chao CAI, Zitian FAN, authorsList=Yangfan LI, Li YANG, Shiyan TANG, Jingfei LIU, Zhiyuan YANG, Zizhen XU, Chao CAI, Zitian FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321927967303910363, articleId=1321927955878626225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=CN, title=材料挤出成形多孔金属铝的工艺及性能研究, columnId=1220689384622445292, journalTitle=材料工程, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

多孔金属铝是一种多孔、低密度的泡沫金属,具有较好的吸能、吸声等性能,在机械制造、航空航天等领域应用广泛。目前,多孔铝的制备大多采用物理、电化学等方法,普遍存在工艺复杂、成本较高的问题。本工作采用低成本的材料挤出成形方法制备多孔金属铝,探究多孔金属铝的成形特征,系统研究铝基浆料固含量、成形参数、烧结工艺对挤出成形多孔金属铝性能的影响,并优化了孔隙结构成功制备出多孔金属铝。结果表明:当铝基浆料固含量为80%(质量分数)时,能够完整挤出成形所需坯体,且未出现坍塌或凹陷;采用针头直径0.34 mm、层高0.22 mm、填充率50%的工艺参数制备坯体,经650 ℃烧结并保温150 min后,所得多孔金属铝性能良好,其抗弯强度为12.57 MPa,孔隙率为53.96%,收缩率为3.19%,满足多孔金属铝的性能要求。

, authors=李杨帆, 杨力, 唐世艳, 刘菁非, 杨致远, 徐子桢, 蔡超, 樊自田, authorsList=李杨帆, 杨力, 唐世艳, 刘菁非, 杨致远, 徐子桢, 蔡超, 樊自田, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨力, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨力(1991—),男,助理研究员,工学博士,研究方向为3D 打印快速铸造技术,联系地址:湖北省武汉市洪山区珞喻路1037号华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室(430074),E-mail:
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year=2019, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=365, pageEnd=372, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=ELSAYED H, CHMIELARZ A, POTOCZEK M, journalName=Additive Manufacturing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ELSAYED H, CHMIELARZ A, POTOCZEK M,et al.Direct ink writing of three dimensional Ti2AlC porous structures[J].Additive Manufacturing,2019,28:365-372., articleTitle=Direct ink writing of three dimensional Ti2AlC porous structures, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1321927984206954551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927955878626225, awardId=2022YFE03210400, language=CN, fundingSource=国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项(2022YFE03210400), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1321927984290840632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927955878626225, awardId=52205365, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52205365), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1321927984454418489, 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label=Fig.3, caption=Relationship between viscosity and shear rate of slurry, figureFileSmall=AdufKbWnHfrJUr5vIUVwkQ==, figureFileBig=WxxFmQGV/ObohkeSrcV3kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321927979379310612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927955878626225, language=CN, label=图3, caption=浆料黏度与剪切速率的关系, figureFileSmall=AdufKbWnHfrJUr5vIUVwkQ==, figureFileBig=WxxFmQGV/ObohkeSrcV3kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321927979450613781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927955878626225, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Forming results with different solid contents, figureFileSmall=09wffbMyKA2qdAmjhqMQAw==, figureFileBig=FhyC2Tumdasllk8WYlGX/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321927979798741014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927955878626225, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同固含量成形结果(a)76%;(b)78%;(c)80%;(d)82%

(a)76%;(b)78%;(c)80%;(d)82%

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(a)650 ℃;(b)645 ℃;(c)640 ℃

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(a)0.25 mm;(b)0.24 mm;(c)0.23 mm;(d)0.22 mm

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(a)60%;(b)50%;(c)40%;(d)30%;(e)20%

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(a)fracture surface of grid sample;(b)surface morphology of silk material

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Sample properties with different insulation time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Holding time/

min

Flexural strength/MPaShrinkage rate/%Porosity/%
3011.211.0023.34
6012.251.3723.13
9016.291.7622.37
12022.821.8722.98
15028.434.3918.13
), ArticleFig(id=1321927984110485558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927955878626225, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同保温时间下样品性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Holding time/

min

Flexural strength/MPaShrinkage rate/%Porosity/%
3011.211.0023.34
6012.251.3723.13
9016.291.7622.37
12022.821.8722.98
15028.434.3918.13
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材料挤出成形多孔金属铝的工艺及性能研究
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李杨帆 , 杨力 , 唐世艳 , 刘菁非 , 杨致远 , 徐子桢 , 蔡超 , 樊自田
材料工程 | 研究论文 2026,54(2): 212-221
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材料工程 |研究论文 2026 , 54 (2) : 212 -221
材料挤出成形多孔金属铝的工艺及性能研究
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李杨帆, 杨力 , 唐世艳, 刘菁非, 杨致远, 徐子桢, 蔡超, 樊自田
作者信息
  • 华中科技大学 材料科学与工程学院 材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室,武汉 430074
通讯作者:
杨力(1991—),男,助理研究员,工学博士,研究方向为3D 打印快速铸造技术,联系地址:湖北省武汉市洪山区珞喻路1037号华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室(430074),E-mail:
Process and properties of porous metal aluminum fabricated by material extrusion forming
Yangfan LI, Li YANG , Shiyan TANG, Jingfei LIU, Zhiyuan YANG, Zizhen XU, Chao CAI, Zitian FAN
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000378
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多孔金属铝是一种多孔、低密度的泡沫金属,具有较好的吸能、吸声等性能,在机械制造、航空航天等领域应用广泛。目前,多孔铝的制备大多采用物理、电化学等方法,普遍存在工艺复杂、成本较高的问题。本工作采用低成本的材料挤出成形方法制备多孔金属铝,探究多孔金属铝的成形特征,系统研究铝基浆料固含量、成形参数、烧结工艺对挤出成形多孔金属铝性能的影响,并优化了孔隙结构成功制备出多孔金属铝。结果表明:当铝基浆料固含量为80%(质量分数)时,能够完整挤出成形所需坯体,且未出现坍塌或凹陷;采用针头直径0.34 mm、层高0.22 mm、填充率50%的工艺参数制备坯体,经650 ℃烧结并保温150 min后,所得多孔金属铝性能良好,其抗弯强度为12.57 MPa,孔隙率为53.96%,收缩率为3.19%,满足多孔金属铝的性能要求。

材料挤出成形  /  金属铝  /  多孔  /  强度

Porous metal aluminum, a low-density metallic foam with a porous structure, exhibits good energy absorption and sound absorption properties, leading to its wide application in fields such as machinery manufacturing and aerospace. Currently, the fabrication of porous aluminum primarily relies on physical or electrochemical methods, which often involve complex processes and high costs. This study employs a low-cost material extrusion forming technique to prepare porous metal aluminum, investigates its forming characteristics, and systematically examines the effects of aluminum-based slurry solid content, forming parameters, and sintering processes on the properties of the extruded porous metal aluminum, and the pore structure is optimized to prepare porous metal aluminum. The results show that when the solid content of the aluminum-based slurry is 80%(mass fraction), the desired billet can be extruded completely without collapse or depression. Using process parameters of a needle diameter of 0.34 mm, a layer height of 0.22 mm, and a filling rate of 50% to prepare the billet. The porous metal aluminum obtained by sintering at 650 ℃ and holding for 150 min has good properties, with a flexural strength of 12.57 MPa, a porosity of 53.96%, and a shrinkage rate of 3.19%, meeting the performance requirements for porous metal aluminum.

material extrusion forming  /  metal aluminum  /  porous  /  strength
李杨帆, 杨力, 唐世艳, 刘菁非, 杨致远, 徐子桢, 蔡超, 樊自田. 材料挤出成形多孔金属铝的工艺及性能研究. 材料工程, 2026 , 54 (2) : 212 -221 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000378
Yangfan LI, Li YANG, Shiyan TANG, Jingfei LIU, Zhiyuan YANG, Zizhen XU, Chao CAI, Zitian FAN. Process and properties of porous metal aluminum fabricated by material extrusion forming[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2026 , 54 (2) : 212 -221 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000378
多孔金属铝是一种多孔隙、低密度的新型功能泡沫金属材料,具有轻质、结构强度良好的特点,同时兼具金属和气泡的双重特征[1]。虽然国内外在多孔铝的各个应用领域均已开展一定研究,初步揭示了其结构形成的基本规律,但仍存在诸多理论与技术层面的问题尚未解决[2-6]。经过多年的研究,目前多孔铝已开发出多种制备方法并取得诸多进展,其中较为成熟的制备工艺多达数十种。然而,不同的制备工艺会导致成型的多孔铝在性能上产生较大差异。常用的制备方法包括渗流铸造法[7]、电沉积法[8]、粉末冶金法[9-10]等,这些方法通常是通过添加额外造孔剂来制备多孔结构,整体工序繁琐复杂、生产周期长且成本较高。
近年来,快速发展的增材制造技术为制备多孔金属铝提供了一种新的解决方案。目前,用于制备多孔金属的增材制造技术利用高能量束使材料熔化成型。然而,铝粉具有高反射率、高电导率、易爆炸等特性,许多方法难以适用。如电子束选区熔化成形技术[11-14]制造的零件表面粗糙、制造成本高、设备投入与调试费用大,且在成形过程中能量输入较高,需使金属完全熔化,容易导致金属挥发并引发铝爆炸的风险;激光烧结技术由于铝的高反射率易造成激光反射,需要较大激光能量输入才能使得铝熔化黏结[15-20]。而材料挤出成形技术通过将金属粉末与由聚合物、挥发性溶剂及添加剂组成的黏结剂系统混合制成浆料,经由喷嘴挤出并沉积在平台上,逐层堆积成形为所需形状,再经过脱脂和烧结后获得最终样品。该方法具有工艺调控灵活、设备与材料成本较低、易于实现具有多级孔隙的复杂结构等优点。
本工作提出一种低成本的材料挤出成形技术[21-23]制备多孔金属铝的方法,有望应用于铝电解电容器,突破传统工艺存在的制备复杂、高成本、高耗能的限制,同时提升泡沫铝的强度和孔隙率,在JG/T 359—2012标准下,期望获得孔隙率高于50%、强度超过10 MPa的多孔金属铝。该技术为电容器的制备提供了低成本、高效能的解决方案,并易于实现具有多级孔隙的复杂结构。为克服现有其他增材制造技术在制备多孔金属铝方面的局限,本研究系统探究了多孔金属铝的挤出成形特征,分析了铝基浆料固含量、成形参数及烧结工艺对挤出成形多孔金属铝性能的影响,并通过优化孔隙结构,成功制备出多孔金属铝,实现了复杂多孔结构金属铝的成形制备。
以14 μm球形铝粉(Al,当代新材料有限公司,99.98%,质量分数,下同)为浆料的基体材料,铝粉颗粒微观形貌及XRD谱图如图1所示。可以看出,铝粉颗粒呈近似球形,有助于浆料的流动性,其粒径分布较为均匀,且XRD谱图中仅检测到金属Al。
挤出成形多孔金属铝的制备工艺流程主要包括浆料制备、挤出成形、真空烧结,最后获得所需的多孔金属铝,制备工艺流程示意图如图2所示。
首先按照一定比例向容器中加入铝粉和黏结剂,并加入高纯度氧化锆球(球磨介质),再将密封好的浆料放入行星式球磨机(QM-3SP2),以300 r/min的转速球磨10 h,获得均匀的铝基浆料;然后使用挤出成形设备制备多孔铝坯体;之后将坯体放置在烘干箱中烘干,在真空炉(OTF-1200X)中烧结并通入氩气保护,烧结完成后获得所需的金属铝试样。
多孔金属铝在电容器领域具有应用潜力,通常需经过机械加工并浸泡在电解液中使用。在柔性应用及复杂应力环境下,其力学性能——尤其是抗弯强度对维持电容器的结构稳定性与延长使用寿命具有重要意义。此外,在电容器的制造、封装及运输过程中,器件往往受到外力的作用,其中弯曲力的影响尤为突出。因此,抗弯强度成为本实验过程中需要重点测试的关键性能参数。
实验通过万能试验机(MTS810)采用三点弯曲法测量样品的抗弯强度,标定试样跨距L为30 mm,压头的移动速度为5 mm/min,样品尺寸为50 mm×10 mm×5 mm,得到样品的抗弯强度和最大弯曲力,每组样品的测试数量为5个,取其平均值。三点弯曲法测定抗弯强度的公式如式(1)所示:
δ=3PL2bh2
式中:δ为抗弯强度,MPa;P为断裂载荷,N;L为试样跨距,mm;b为样品宽度,mm;h为样品厚度,mm。
实验采用阿基米德悬浮称重的方法进行孔隙率测定。显气孔率根据公式(2)计算:
Β=W2-W1W2-W3×100%
式中:B为样品显气孔率,%;W1为干燥样品的质量,g;W2为样品饱和吸附无水乙醇后的质量,g;W3为饱和吸附无水乙醇的样品在密度为0.7 g/mL的无水乙醇中所测得的质量,g。
实验采用游标卡尺测量样品烧结前后的尺寸,通过公式计算获得相应的收缩率,其中线性收缩率公式如式(3)所示:
η=L0-LL0
式中:η为线性收缩率,%;L0为烧结前样品长度,mm;L为烧结后样品长度,mm。
采用流变仪(MCR302)测试铝基浆料的黏度与剪切速率关系;通过X射线衍射仪(XRD-7000)分析物相成分;在氩气氛围、以10 ℃/min的升温速率进行热重/差热分析(TG/DTA6300),根据试样质量与热量变化确定烧结工艺曲线;利用体视显微镜(Stemi 508)观察试样的宏观孔洞及截面堆叠形貌;采用扫描电子显微镜(Quanta 200)观察试样的微观结构。对于现阶段制备的多孔铝产品,其宏观孔洞呈方形,可通过标尺直接测量孔隙边长以获得相应尺寸。
适于挤出成形的浆料须具备剪切稀化特性。为此,首先制备了固含量分别为76%、78%、80%和82%的铝基浆料,并研究了其黏度与剪切速率的变化关系,测试结果如图3所示。从图3可以看出,不同固含量浆料的黏度随剪切速率的增大而不断降低,满足剪切稀化的流变特性,符合挤出条件。将不同固含量的铝基浆料进行挤出成形,得到的坯体试样如图4所示。
从图4可以看出,在76%的固含量下,浆料过稀,成形的坯体试样坍塌严重,难以支撑;在78%的固含量下,浆料较稀,成形的试样表面会出现明显凹陷;而在82%的固含量下,由于浆料黏度过大,挤出困难,难以获得质量较好的金属铝坯体。因此,选择铝基浆料固含量为80%进行后续研究。
为了确定金属铝坯体的烧结工艺,首先对金属铝坯体进行热重测试,测试结果如图5所示。可以看出,在300~450 ℃温度区间样品质量下降,这主要归因于有机黏结剂的分解;在650 ℃左右热量急剧下降,说明此时铝粉发生熔化吸热,即烧结温度约为650 ℃。综上可确定初步烧结工艺:以2 ℃/min的升温速率从室温升高到300 ℃,然后在300 ℃保温60 min,随后以2 ℃/min的升温速率升高到650 ℃左右保温一段时间,最后随炉冷却至室温。
通过在640、645、650 ℃和655 ℃下保温30 min进行烧结,研究不同烧结温度对金属铝性能的影响。烧结完成后,对样品进行了综合性能检测。不同温度下烧结所得样品的宏观形貌如图6所示,性能测试结果汇总于图7,而对应的微观形貌如图8所示。
从图6可以看出,655 ℃下样品严重变形,表面出现较多气泡,而在其他温度下样品完整无变形。从图7可以看出,从640 ℃升高到650 ℃,随着烧结温度的增加,样品的抗弯强度有所提升,收缩率增加但变化较小,孔隙率均在23.5%左右。从图8则可以看出,650 ℃烧结样品的颗粒间黏结比645 ℃和640 ℃的更为充分,大部分颗粒间明显形成了烧结颈;而在645 ℃和640 ℃下,颗粒仅表面轻微靠近,黏结不明显。因此,综合确定挤出成形铝坯体的最佳烧结温度为650 ℃。
为进一步探究不同保温时间对金属铝性能的影响,在650 ℃分别保温30、60、90、120、150、180 min。图9为保温180 min的部分样品宏观形貌,图10与图11分别为不同保温时间样品性能对比和微观形貌。表1则展示了不同保温时间样品的性能指标,包括抗弯强度、收缩率和孔隙率。
从图9可以看出,在650 ℃保温180 min时,大部分样品会产生弯曲变形。随着保温时间的延长,样品抗弯强度不断提高,同时收缩率逐渐增加,孔隙率则相应减小,如图10所示。从图11可以看出,随着保温时间的延长,粉末颗粒的变形程度不断增大,在保温150 min时,颗粒存在部分变形;从颗粒黏结程度看,随着保温时间的延长,颗粒间烧结颈越来越明显,数量不断增加,并形成固结的颗粒集合体。从图11还可以看出,在保温30 min时,样品中孔隙较多,但随着保温时间的延长,微孔有收缩的趋势,且烧结颈的生长、微孔的减少和粉末的合并持续进行。这些现象表明延长保温时间有利于烧结颈的形成,从而使得样品的抗弯强度增加,因此,较为适宜的保温时间大致在150 min。
对650 ℃烧结150 min的样品进行XRD检测分析,如图12所示,烧结后的样品内元素只有铝元素。综上所述,金属铝坯体经650 ℃烧结150 min内部无其他产物生成,其抗弯强度最高达到28.43 MPa,孔隙率为18.13%,且收缩较小、不易产生变形。
高强度、高孔隙率的多孔铝,一般要求孔隙率在50%以上,抗弯强度大于10 MPa,因此需要调整填充形式以满足孔隙率要求。采用0.34 mm喷头,选择0.22、0.23、0.24、0.25 mm的层高进行成形。其中,不同层高的成形结果如图13所示。由图可见,在层高为0.22 mm时样品没有出现坍塌,而当层高为0.25 mm时,样品的坍塌程度最严重,在其他层高下,样品均有坍塌出现。从样品的截面形貌可以看到,层高为0.25、0.24 mm的样品中间凹陷严重,层高0.23 mm的样品截面有轻微凹陷,而层高0.22 mm的样品截面几乎没有凹陷。
图14展示了在0.22 mm层高下成形的且填充率分别为60%、50%、40%、30%、20%的坯体样品宏观形貌,所有样品均成形良好,无明显坍塌变形。相应的体视图(图15)进一步显示,坯体表面丝料完整,形态稳定。结果表明,当使用0.34 mm喷头成形较低填充率的样品时,0.22 mm的层高是适宜的工艺参数。
通过浆料挤出成形制备填充率为60%、50%、40%、30%、20%的多孔金属铝坯体,并在氩气保护下以650 ℃保温150 min进行烧结,获得烧结样品。填充率60%烧结样品形貌与不同填充率的样品性能对比结果分别如图16和图17所示。
结合图16与图17分析可得,填充率对烧结样品的形貌与性能有显著影响。宏观上,60%填充率的样品在烧结后出现了弯曲变形(图16)。在性能方面,随着填充率增大,样品抗弯强度持续提升,孔隙率则相应降低,而收缩率始终维持在较低水平(图17)。值得注意的是,抗弯强度在填充率达到50%左右时出现显著上升,其与孔隙率的变化曲线在40%与50%填充率之间相交。鉴于40%填充率下的抗弯强度过低,无法满足应用要求,最终确定50%为综合性能较优的填充率。在此参数下,多孔铝样品的抗弯强度达到12.57 MPa,孔隙率为53.96%,孔径为4.2 mm,同时满足了所需的力学性能与多孔结构要求。填充率50%烧结样品微观形貌SEM图如图18所示,样品呈现出紧密的宏观堆积,并有明显的宏观和微观孔洞。
(1)当铝基浆料固含量为80%时能够挤出成形完整坯体;使用0.34 mm喷头成形较低填充率的样品时,应采用0.22 mm层高以保证成形良好。
(2)在氩气保护下,采用650 ℃保温150 min进行烧结,可获得抗弯强度为28.43 MPa、孔隙率为18.13%的铝基样品,且其收缩较小、不易产生变形。
(3)在50%的填充率下,多孔金属铝的抗弯强度达到12.57 MPa,孔隙率为53.96%。
  • 国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项(2022YFE03210400)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52205365)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52275334)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52205359)
  • 湖北省博士后先锋人才跟踪支持项目(2024HBBHXF025)
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2026年第54卷第2期
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doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000378
  • 接收时间:2025-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01
  • 录用日期:2025-09-17
基金
国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项(2022YFE03210400)
国家自然科学基金(52205365)
国家自然科学基金(52275334)
国家自然科学基金(52205359)
湖北省博士后先锋人才跟踪支持项目(2024HBBHXF025)
作者信息
    华中科技大学 材料科学与工程学院 材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室,武汉 430074

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杨力(1991—),男,助理研究员,工学博士,研究方向为3D 打印快速铸造技术,联系地址:湖北省武汉市洪山区珞喻路1037号华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室(430074),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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