Article(id=1321511497331749856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321508707721138247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000658, pmid=null, cstr=32421.14.j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000658, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727107200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1730649600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-04, onlineDate=1793002493460, onlineDateStr=2026-10-26, pubDate=1766160000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793002493460, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793002493459, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793002493459, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321508707721138247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, year='2025', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='296', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766160000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793001828365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793001828365, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=250, endPage=255, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321511497575019489, articleId=1321511497331749856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=EN, title=Effect of substrate material on stress of electroplated copper film, columnId=1220689384450478826, journalTitle=Journal of Materials Engineering, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To investigate the impact of substrate roughness, crystal type, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on the stress of electroplated copper films, an experiment is conducted utilizing four distinct substrate types: smooth sapphire, rough sapphire, amorphous sintered alumina, and pure copper. The copper films are electroplated onto the substrate surfaces and subsequently annealed. Pre- and post-annealing measurements are taken to assess warp and a stress. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is employed to study the microstructural transformation of the copper films. The experimental results reveal that annealing transforms the copper film stress from compressive to tensile, with stress levels decreasing in the order of sintered alumina, smooth sapphire, rough sapphire, and pure copper substrates. Additionally, annealing leads to significant grain growth. Analysis indicates that post-annealing copper film stress arises from CTE mismatch and volume shrinkage. Stress reduction in copper films can be achieved by selecting rough single-crystal substrates and materials with CTEs close to that of copper. These experimental findings contribute valuable insights to the study of electroplating stress and the selection of appropriate electroplating.
, authors=Yingyu JIANG
1, 2, Guanghua SHI
2, 3, Da XU
2, Zhen WANG
2, 3, authorsList=Yingyu JIANG, Guanghua SHI, Da XU, Zhen WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yingyu JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321511498686510060, articleId=1321511497331749856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=CN, title=衬底材质对电镀铜膜应力影响, columnId=1220689384622445292, journalTitle=材料工程, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为探究衬底粗糙度、晶体类型与热膨胀系数(CTE)等因素对电镀铜膜应力的影响,选用4种不同类型衬底进行实验:蓝宝石衬底光滑面、蓝宝石衬底粗糙面、非晶烧结氧化铝衬底、纯铜衬底。在衬底表面电镀铜薄膜并进行退火处理,退火前后测量晶圆翘曲,计算应力,借助背向散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)研究了铜薄膜的微观结构的转变。实验结果表明:经过退火,铜膜应力由压应力转变为拉应力,退火后,铜膜应力按烧结氧化铝衬底、光滑蓝宝石衬底、粗糙蓝宝石衬底、纯铜衬底依次减小;同时退火导致晶粒明显生长。分析得出退火后铜膜应力有CTE不匹配和铜膜体积收缩两个来源,选择粗糙单晶衬底且CTE接近铜可使铜膜应力减小。实验结果对电镀应力的研究与电镀衬底的选择有参考意义。
, authors=姜映宇
1, 2, 史光华
2, 3, 徐达
2, 王真
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1.山东大学 集成电路学院,济南 250101
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2.The 13th Research Institute of CETC,Shijiazhuang 050051,China
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2.中国电子科技集团公司 第十三研究所,石家庄 050051
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Produced sample(a)location illustration of substrate, seed layer,and electro-cooper;(b)warping of sample, figureFileSmall=K3JVqcw23lEyWeLXakZ7Aw==, figureFileBig=en7YIVHNSpwvOgMpWFO6ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926725697647108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
样品成品(a)衬底、种子层与电镀铜位置示意图;(b)样品翘曲, figureFileSmall=K3JVqcw23lEyWeLXakZ7Aw==, figureFileBig=en7YIVHNSpwvOgMpWFO6ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926725831864837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Change of stress of samples before and after anneal, figureFileSmall=F3d+npjDj90U5tpoXaabEQ==, figureFileBig=PZOX6Da9Id+AEGg5a38tyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926725907362310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
退火前后样品应力变化, figureFileSmall=F3d+npjDj90U5tpoXaabEQ==, figureFileBig=PZOX6Da9Id+AEGg5a38tyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926725974471175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
EBSD patterns of sample 1(a) and sample 2(b) before anneal, figureFileSmall=QGpbC2YagO5cFyU37aneBw==, figureFileBig=IFhsJYF0xJt2D0cLVthNAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926726041580040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
1号(a)和 2号(b)样品退火前的EBSD图, figureFileSmall=QGpbC2YagO5cFyU37aneBw==, figureFileBig=IFhsJYF0xJt2D0cLVthNAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926726133854729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
EBSD patterns of Cu film and statistics of gain size before and after anneal(a)EBSD pattern of Cu film before anneal;(b)EBSD pattern of Cu film after anneal;(c)statistics of gain size before anneal;(d)statistics of gain size after anneal, figureFileSmall=80zBzv3EI7hAJkm0I2XSSw==, figureFileBig=poDyMw7HNdG2tx+8QwwNxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926726226129418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
退火前后铜膜EBSD图和晶粒尺寸统计(a)退火前铜膜EBSD图;(b)退火后铜膜EBSD图;(c)退火前晶粒尺寸统计;(d)退火后晶粒尺寸统计, figureFileSmall=80zBzv3EI7hAJkm0I2XSSw==, figureFileBig=poDyMw7HNdG2tx+8QwwNxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926726305821195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Schematic diagram of relative position change generated by anneal of Cu film and substrate, figureFileSmall=tTxUH2qEqExZ/7SVHjECtA==, figureFileBig=fP8a6ydfI8/XvSOhXbCo8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926726385512972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
退火导致铜膜与衬底相对位置变动示意图, figureFileSmall=tTxUH2qEqExZ/7SVHjECtA==, figureFileBig=fP8a6ydfI8/XvSOhXbCo8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321926726494564877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Types and physical property parameters of substrates
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample number | Type of substrates | Surface roughness,Ra/nm | Elasticity modulus/GPa | Poisson’s ratio | Thermal expansion/(10-6 ℃-1) |
|---|
| 1 | Smooth surface of sapphire | 8-10 | 435 | 0.27 | 5.8 |
| 2 | Rough surface of sapphire | 600 | 435 | 0.27 | 5.8 |
| 3 | Sintered alumina | 8-10 | 372 | 0.20 | 5.9 |
| 4 | Pure Cu | 8-10 | 110 | 0.35 | 16.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321926726591033870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
样品衬底类型与物性参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample number | Type of substrates | Surface roughness,Ra/nm | Elasticity modulus/GPa | Poisson’s ratio | Thermal expansion/(10-6 ℃-1) |
|---|
| 1 | Smooth surface of sapphire | 8-10 | 435 | 0.27 | 5.8 |
| 2 | Rough surface of sapphire | 600 | 435 | 0.27 | 5.8 |
| 3 | Sintered alumina | 8-10 | 372 | 0.20 | 5.9 |
| 4 | Pure Cu | 8-10 | 110 | 0.35 | 16.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321926726666531343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Change of stress of samples before and after anneal
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample number | Warping/μm | Stress/MPa |
|---|
| Before anneal | After anneal | Before anneal | After anneal |
|---|
| 1 | -14 | +182 | -5.36 | +69.61 |
| 2 | -25 | +175 | -9.56 | +66.92 |
| 3 | -20 | +244 | -6.00 | +72.81 |
| 4 | -53 | +110 | -6.26 | +13.24 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321926726742028816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321511497331749856, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
样品退火前后样品应力变化
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample number | Warping/μm | Stress/MPa |
|---|
| Before anneal | After anneal | Before anneal | After anneal |
|---|
| 1 | -14 | +182 | -5.36 | +69.61 |
| 2 | -25 | +175 | -9.56 | +66.92 |
| 3 | -20 | +244 | -6.00 | +72.81 |
| 4 | -53 | +110 | -6.26 | +13.24 |
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