Article(id=1321927079965340573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, issueId=1321926982078681131, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000238, pmid=null, cstr=32421.14.j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000238, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1745856000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1747929600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-23, onlineDate=1793101576080, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793101576080, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793101576080, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793101576080, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321926982078681131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, year='2026', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='311', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793101552742, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793101552742, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=113, endPage=121, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321927080196027294, articleId=1321927079965340573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=EN, title=Effect of ultraviolet absorbers in high solid loading ceramic pastes on properties of stereolithography 3D printed silica-based ceramic cores, columnId=1321926982854627373, journalTitle=Journal of Materials Engineering, columnName=CERAMIC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND ITS APPLICATIONS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Stereolithography 3D printing technology achieves high-precision fabrication of ceramic cores with complex structures by selectively curing a paste composed of photosensitive resin and ceramic powder using ultraviolet laser. However, the ceramic paste experiences light scattering during curing, leading to an expansion of the cured area, which adversely affects printing accuracy and part performance. Based on a high-solid-loading, thixotropic silica ceramic paste system, the mechanism of ultraviolet absorbers in the preparation of light-curing 3D-printed ceramic core samples and its effect on the properties of the ceramic cores are systematically investigated. By experimentally optimizing the type and amount of ultraviolet absorber, its effects on the printing accuracy, microstructure, sintering shrinkage, and mechanical properties of the ceramic core samples are explored. The results show that an appropriate amount of ultraviolet absorber regulates the spatial distribution of light, effectively reduces scattering of light, and thereby improves the printability of the paste while enhancing interlayer bonding, microstructural uniformity, and mechanical properties. However, there exists an optimal threshold for the amount of ultraviolet absorber. Excessive addition leads to excessive attenuation of light intensity, prolongs the single-layer exposure time, and reduces printing efficiency. Through systematic experimental optimization, 0.25% (mass fraction) TINUVIN B75 is determined as the optimal type and concentration of absorber, achieving the best balance between printing accuracy and efficiency.

, authors=Longlong YE1, Weiwei LIU1, Zhanwen XING1, Hongzhi ZHOU2, Yan ZHANG2, Wenli LI1, authorsList=Longlong YE, Weiwei LIU, Zhanwen XING, Hongzhi ZHOU, Yan ZHANG, Wenli LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenli LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321927082800690105, articleId=1321927079965340573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, language=CN, title=高固含量陶瓷膏体中紫外线吸收剂对立体光固化3D打印硅基陶瓷型芯性能的影响, columnId=1321926983152422959, journalTitle=材料工程, columnName=陶瓷增材制造及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

立体光固化3D打印技术通过紫外激光选择性固化光敏树脂与陶瓷粉末的膏体,能够实现复杂结构陶瓷型芯的高精度制备。然而,陶瓷膏体在光固化过程中存在光散射问题,导致固化区域扩大,影响打印精度和零件性能。在高固含量、触变性的氧化硅陶瓷膏体体系的基础上,系统研究紫外线吸收剂在光固化3D打印陶瓷型芯试样过程中的作用机制及其对陶瓷型芯性能的影响。通过实验优化紫外线吸收剂的种类和添加量,探讨其对陶瓷型芯试样打印精度、微观结构、烧结收缩率和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:适量的紫外线吸收剂通过调控光的空间分布,有效降低光散射,不仅显著改善膏体的打印适性,还提升了层间结合、微观结构均匀性和力学性能。然而,紫外线吸收剂的添加量存在最佳阈值。过量添加会导致光强过度衰减,延长单层曝光时间,降低打印效率。通过系统实验优化,确定0.25%(质量分数)的TINUVIN B75为最佳吸收剂种类和添加量,可实现打印精度与效率的最佳平衡。

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李文利(1982—),女,副教授,工学博士,研究方向为陶瓷光固化3D打印体系设计及应用,联系地址:江苏省苏州市相城区济学路8号苏州大学阳澄湖校区机电工程学院(215131),E-mail:
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dosages of ultraviolet absorber TINUVIN B75, figureFileSmall=I8Lw+ieDD9g+6ntlY9D/Nw==, figureFileBig=g5lvglrj2gIx2D6pUmMO9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321927088374920187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927079965340573, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同用量紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75的陶瓷膏体打印后烧结微观形貌(a)0.15%;(b)0.20%;(c)0.25%;(d)0.30%

(a)0.15%;(b)0.20%;(c)0.25%;(d)0.30%

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List of materials for photosensitive resin systems

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NameGradeDensity/(g·cm-3)Supplier
1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketoneUV-1841.10IGM
1,6-hexanediol diacrylateHDDA1.02DSM
Ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylatePPTTA1.16DSM
Dibutyl phthalateDBP0.86SCRC
DispersantDISPERBYK-1111.16BYK
UV absorber 571TINUVIN 5711.00BASF
UV absorber 326TINUVIN 3261.26BASF
UV absorber B75TINUVIN B751.01BASF
), ArticleFig(id=1321927089197002752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927079965340573, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

光敏树脂体系材料清单

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NameGradeDensity/(g·cm-3)Supplier
1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketoneUV-1841.10IGM
1,6-hexanediol diacrylateHDDA1.02DSM
Ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylatePPTTA1.16DSM
Dibutyl phthalateDBP0.86SCRC
DispersantDISPERBYK-1111.16BYK
UV absorber 571TINUVIN 5711.00BASF
UV absorber 326TINUVIN 3261.26BASF
UV absorber B75TINUVIN B751.01BASF
), ArticleFig(id=1321927089285083137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038251117760515, articleId=1321927079965340573, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Critical process parameters for stereolithography(SLA) printing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Laser power/

mW

Laser scanning

speed/(mm·s-1)

Hatch spacing/

mm

Layer thickness/mm
38050000.050.08
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光固化打印的关键打印参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Laser power/

mW

Laser scanning

speed/(mm·s-1)

Hatch spacing/

mm

Layer thickness/mm
38050000.050.08
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高固含量陶瓷膏体中紫外线吸收剂对立体光固化3D打印硅基陶瓷型芯性能的影响
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叶龙龙 1 , 刘卫卫 1 , 邢占文 1 , 周宏志 2 , 张焱 2 , 李文利 1
材料工程 | 陶瓷增材制造及其应用 2026,54(2): 113-121
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材料工程 |陶瓷增材制造及其应用 2026 , 54 (2) : 113 -121
高固含量陶瓷膏体中紫外线吸收剂对立体光固化3D打印硅基陶瓷型芯性能的影响
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叶龙龙1, 刘卫卫1, 邢占文1, 周宏志2, 张焱2, 李文利1
作者信息
  • 1.苏州大学 机电工程学院,江苏 苏州 215131
  • 2.湖南理工学院 机械工程学院,湖南 岳阳 414006
通讯作者:
李文利(1982—),女,副教授,工学博士,研究方向为陶瓷光固化3D打印体系设计及应用,联系地址:江苏省苏州市相城区济学路8号苏州大学阳澄湖校区机电工程学院(215131),E-mail:
Effect of ultraviolet absorbers in high solid loading ceramic pastes on properties of stereolithography 3D printed silica-based ceramic cores
Longlong YE1, Weiwei LIU1, Zhanwen XING1, Hongzhi ZHOU2, Yan ZHANG2, Wenli LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215131,Jiangsu,China
  • 2.College of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan Institute of Science and Technology,Yueyang 414006,Hunan,China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000238
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立体光固化3D打印技术通过紫外激光选择性固化光敏树脂与陶瓷粉末的膏体,能够实现复杂结构陶瓷型芯的高精度制备。然而,陶瓷膏体在光固化过程中存在光散射问题,导致固化区域扩大,影响打印精度和零件性能。在高固含量、触变性的氧化硅陶瓷膏体体系的基础上,系统研究紫外线吸收剂在光固化3D打印陶瓷型芯试样过程中的作用机制及其对陶瓷型芯性能的影响。通过实验优化紫外线吸收剂的种类和添加量,探讨其对陶瓷型芯试样打印精度、微观结构、烧结收缩率和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:适量的紫外线吸收剂通过调控光的空间分布,有效降低光散射,不仅显著改善膏体的打印适性,还提升了层间结合、微观结构均匀性和力学性能。然而,紫外线吸收剂的添加量存在最佳阈值。过量添加会导致光强过度衰减,延长单层曝光时间,降低打印效率。通过系统实验优化,确定0.25%(质量分数)的TINUVIN B75为最佳吸收剂种类和添加量,可实现打印精度与效率的最佳平衡。

立体光固化  /  硅基陶瓷型芯  /  紫外线吸收剂  /  力学性能

Stereolithography 3D printing technology achieves high-precision fabrication of ceramic cores with complex structures by selectively curing a paste composed of photosensitive resin and ceramic powder using ultraviolet laser. However, the ceramic paste experiences light scattering during curing, leading to an expansion of the cured area, which adversely affects printing accuracy and part performance. Based on a high-solid-loading, thixotropic silica ceramic paste system, the mechanism of ultraviolet absorbers in the preparation of light-curing 3D-printed ceramic core samples and its effect on the properties of the ceramic cores are systematically investigated. By experimentally optimizing the type and amount of ultraviolet absorber, its effects on the printing accuracy, microstructure, sintering shrinkage, and mechanical properties of the ceramic core samples are explored. The results show that an appropriate amount of ultraviolet absorber regulates the spatial distribution of light, effectively reduces scattering of light, and thereby improves the printability of the paste while enhancing interlayer bonding, microstructural uniformity, and mechanical properties. However, there exists an optimal threshold for the amount of ultraviolet absorber. Excessive addition leads to excessive attenuation of light intensity, prolongs the single-layer exposure time, and reduces printing efficiency. Through systematic experimental optimization, 0.25% (mass fraction) TINUVIN B75 is determined as the optimal type and concentration of absorber, achieving the best balance between printing accuracy and efficiency.

stereolithography  /  silica-based ceramic core  /  ultraviolet absorber  /  mechanical property
叶龙龙, 刘卫卫, 邢占文, 周宏志, 张焱, 李文利. 高固含量陶瓷膏体中紫外线吸收剂对立体光固化3D打印硅基陶瓷型芯性能的影响. 材料工程, 2026 , 54 (2) : 113 -121 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000238
Longlong YE, Weiwei LIU, Zhanwen XING, Hongzhi ZHOU, Yan ZHANG, Wenli LI. Effect of ultraviolet absorbers in high solid loading ceramic pastes on properties of stereolithography 3D printed silica-based ceramic cores[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2026 , 54 (2) : 113 -121 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000238
随着现代制造业对复杂结构零部件需求的日益增长,精密铸造技术作为制造复杂金属零件的重要手段,得到了广泛的应用。陶瓷型芯作为精密铸造中的关键部件,其性能直接影响铸件的质量和精度[1]。传统的陶瓷型芯制备工艺存在加工周期长、成本高、难以制造复杂结构等局限性,难以满足现代制造业对高精度、复杂结构零件的需求[2]。近年来,增材制造技术(3D打印)的快速发展为陶瓷型芯的制备提供了新的解决方案,其中光固化3D打印技术因其高精度、高表面质量和复杂结构成型能力,在陶瓷型芯制备领域展现出巨大的应用潜力[3]。
光固化3D打印技术通过紫外激光选择性固化光敏树脂与陶瓷粉末的混合浆料,逐层堆积成型,能够实现复杂结构陶瓷型芯的高精度制备。然而,陶瓷浆料在光固化过程中存在光散射问题,导致激光束在浆料中传播时发生偏转,固化区域扩大,影响打印精度和零件性能。现有研究致力于从多个维度提升打印精度,在树脂体系优化方面,Sun等[4]证实15~20 nm SiO2包覆可降低陶瓷颗粒的光散射;在后处理方面,Rando等[5]实现梯度脱脂工艺减少尺寸变形达30%,而紫外线(ultraviolet,UV)吸收剂调控直接作用于陶瓷浆料,操作方便,便于调节。Halloran[6]探讨了不同的光引发剂和紫外线吸收剂在不同曝光量下固化深度的规律。Qian等[7]通过光散射模拟证实了粒子分布、输入能量和相对折射率的影响,特别是在高固含量陶瓷浆料中,光散射现象尤为显著,严重制约了光固化3D打印技术在陶瓷型芯制备中的应用。Gentry等[8]通过使用惰性稀释剂调节单体溶液的相对折射率,确定了其对固化的影响。进一步的研究表明,将紫外线吸收剂作为一种光学调控剂加入陶瓷浆料中,通过吸收部分紫外光以减少光散射,可提高打印精度和零件性能[9]。
紫外线吸收剂在光固化3D打印过程中的作用机制复杂,其添加量和种类对陶瓷型芯的打印精度、微观结构和力学性能具有重要影响。对于硅基陶瓷型芯而言,考虑到孔隙率和抗弯强度的平衡,所需添加的陶瓷粉末粒径远远大于氧化铝和氧化锆等体系,导致散射问题更加突出[10]。因此,系统研究紫外线吸收剂对陶瓷型芯性能的影响,优化其添加量和种类,对于提升光固化3D打印陶瓷型芯的制备质量和效率具有重要意义[11]。
本工作基于紫外线吸收剂对陶瓷型芯性能的影响,重点探讨了其对打印精度、微观结构、烧结收缩率和力学性能的影响规律。通过构建高固含量、触变性的氧化硅陶瓷膏体体系,系统筛选了光敏树脂单体、分散剂和紫外线吸收剂,优化了膏体的流变性能和光固化特性。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段,系统研究了紫外线吸收剂对陶瓷型芯试样微观结构和力学性能的影响机制,并通过优化紫外线吸收剂的添加量同时结合分散剂的选择和固含量的控制,成功制备了具有高抗弯强度和低烧结收缩率的硅基陶瓷试样,满足了精密铸造对陶瓷型芯的性能要求。
本研究以高纯石英玻璃粉和硅酸锆粉(矿化剂)为基体材料(质量比为4∶1),与光敏树脂体系复配制备光固化硅基陶瓷膏体。通过引入DBP塑化剂和BYK-111分散剂优化膏体流变性能。采用行星式重力搅拌机实现多相体系的高效均质混合,制备出具有理想成型性能的陶瓷膏体。通过光固化3D打印实现陶瓷型芯试样的精密成型。成型后的坯体经过清洗,再通过优化的脱脂烧结工艺获得测试试样。陶瓷粉末颗粒的微观形貌如图1所示,氧化硅粉末的粉料粒度范围为10~50 µm,硅酸锆粉末的粉料粒度范围为10~20 µm。本研究采用的光敏树脂体系组分如表1所示。
本研究采用行星式重力搅拌机作为陶瓷膏体制备的核心设备,通过其独特的公转-自转复合运动模式(公转∶自转=1∶0.7)实现粉体的高效分散。为确保膏体均匀性,采用多级变速搅拌程序,依次在400、800、1000 r/min和400 r/min转速下进行共300 s的湿润分散。
光固化硅基陶瓷型芯膏体的制备工艺流程如下:首先,使用精密天平准确称量基体材料(熔融石英玻璃粉)和矿化剂(硅酸锆粉),经烘干处理后采用混料桶进行预混。随后,在搅拌罐中按顺序依次加入光引发剂、单体、塑化剂和分散剂等组分,通过重力搅拌制备光敏树脂预混液。最后,采用分步加粉方式将粉体逐步加入预混液,利用重力搅拌机实现固-液两相的润湿分散,最终获得具有理想流变特性的光敏陶瓷膏体。
本实验采用的光固化3D打印工艺必须在严格避光的实验环境中进行,以防止光敏材料在非预期条件下发生预固化反应。打印前的系统准备工作包括多个关键步骤:首先,使用Solidworks进行建模,生成用于打印的STL文件。随后,根据样品尺寸选择合适的打印平台,并安装具有磁吸功能的打印底板以确保成型过程的稳定性。由于膏体静置易产生偏析沉降,每次打印前需充分搅拌20 min以恢复其流变性能。
完成系统准备后,根据打印材料的特性优化激光功率和关键工艺参数。将设计好的STL格式三维模型文件导入打印系统(iAMC200,中瑞科技),采用专业切片软件生成高精度扫描路径,精确定位打印平台后启动打印程序。系统将按照预设路径发射特定波长的紫外激光,选择性固化光敏陶瓷膏体,采用5000 mm/s的扫描速率和0.05 mm的扫描间距逐层扫描后平台精确下移一个层厚(0.08 mm),通过逐层累积的方式构建三维实体结构。光固化打印的关键打印参数如表2所示。
打印结束后,进行系统的后处理操作:首先小心取出成型试件,清除表面残留膏体后对样品进行脱脂烧结。对脱脂烧结前后样品进行精密尺寸测量,使用数显游标卡尺(精度0.01 mm)记录关键尺寸数据。采用热重分析得到坯体的TG-DTG曲线,并获得打印样品的脱脂烧结参数,如图2所示。
按照HB 5353—2004进行熔模铸造陶瓷型芯的性能测试,标准试样尺寸为60 mm×10 mm×4 mm,包括烧结收缩率和抗弯强度。
使用游标卡尺测量试样焙烧前后的尺寸,按式(1)计算陶瓷型芯试样的烧结收缩率:
δ=L-L1L×100%
式中:δ为试样烧结收缩率,%;L为试样焙烧前的长度,mm;L1为试样焙烧后的长度,mm。
对外观无裂纹气泡变形等缺陷且尺寸为60 mm×10 mm×4 mm的长方体试样采用如图3所示三点弯曲法测量试样的室温和高温强度。按式(2)计算陶瓷型芯试样的抗弯强度:
σw=3PL2bh2
式中:σw为抗弯强度,MPa;P为试样断裂时的载荷,N;L为两支点跨距,mm;b为试样宽度,mm;h为试样厚度,mm。
采用HDDA+PPTTA+DBP体系配制固含量为60%(体积分数)的膏体进行初始打印,如图4所示,紫外激光照射在涂铺好的膏体表面,发现紫外线光斑较大,散射严重,打印得到的坯体边缘模糊,表面粗糙,无法满足型芯的精度要求。考虑到需要降低散射,提高打印精度,尝试添加紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN 571。前述体系添加了TINUVIN 571后进行打印,发现打印过程光散射显著减小,打印坯体边界清晰度和表面粗糙度均有显著提高,显示紫外线吸收剂改善打印质量的潜力。然而,将添加了TINUVIN 571的膏体静置2天后发现膏体出现严重沉降,说明其稳定性较差。
为解决膏体的沉降偏析问题,针对固含量60%(体积分数)的HDDA+PPTTA+DBP体系遴选其他种类的紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75和TINUVIN 326,配制后的膏体状态如图5所示,可以看出,膏体中粉体分散均匀,表面光滑无颗粒感。将上述膏体静置2天,添加不同紫外线吸收剂的膏体静置分层变化与沉降高度如图6所示。可以发现,添加TINUVIN 571的膏体沉降最多,最不稳定。除去未添加紫外线吸收剂的分组,添加了TINUVIN B75的膏体沉降最少,稳定性最佳。
将图5所示膏体作为打印材料进行打印。添加紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75和TINUVIN 326的膏体打印状态和零件对比如图7所示,可见添加了紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75和TINUVIN 326的膏体打印过程中扫描线较细,膏体与零件表面光滑无缺陷,铺展顺利,具有良好的打印效果。打印后的零件精度和表面粗糙度都保持在较高水平,无翘曲变形等不良打印特征。综合稳定性与成型表现,选取TINUVIN B75开展进一步研究。
紫外线吸收剂的用量影响最终打印零件的精度,需对紫外线吸收剂的用量精准把控。分别在体系中加入膏体总质量的0.15%(质量分数,下同)、0.20%、0.25%和0.30%的紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75。图8所示为不同剂量紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75对打印效果的影响,结果表明,随着紫外线吸收剂用量的增加,光斑变小,激光扫描线变细,从而减弱了因光散射造成的边缘过固化现象,显著提升了打印精度。
图9所示为不同剂量紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75打印零件脱脂烧结前后形貌,使用不同剂量紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75打印后的坯体均具有较高的打印精度和表面粗糙度,且不同紫外线吸收剂含量的外观基本无差别。在脱脂烧结后的零件中,不同紫外线吸收剂含量的零件上下表面质量均良好。进一步对比发现,0.25%样品的侧面堆积纹最少,0.30%样品的侧面堆积纹最多,而0.15%与0.20%样品则仅有少量堆积纹。就零件表面质量而言,0.25%样品表现最优。
图10展示了紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75用量对XYZ方向上的打印精度。可以看出,随着紫外线吸收剂用量的增加,XY方向上的精度都在稳步提高,Z方向在0.25%出现拐点,表明该剂量在兼顾XY平面与Z轴方向精度方面达到良好平衡。由于膏料散射严重导致零件边缘过固化产生的精度误差随着紫外线吸收剂对扫描激光作用范围的调控在逐步减小,体现在XY方向上精度的提高。当紫外线吸收剂用量超过最佳阈值时,可能导致固化不充分现象的发生。
图11展示了不同用量紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75的陶瓷膏体打印后的烧结形貌。从微观结构演变规律可以明显观察到,随着紫外线吸收剂用量的增加,样品烧结质量呈现显著改善的趋势。具体而言,当含量为0.15%时,存在明显的未完全烧结区域,表现为不连续的烧结颈结构;当含量提高至0.20%时,开始出现连续的烧结颈结构,但局部仍存在微观缺陷;在最佳含量0.25%条件下,样品展现出最为理想的微观结构特征,形成了均匀密布的烧结网络结构,颗粒间烧结颈发育完整,气孔分布均匀;然而当含量进一步提高至0.30%时,出现了烧结不完全现象,表现为烧结颈发育不完全。从烧结微观形貌的局部放大图可知,在0.25%最佳含量下,材料展现出最均匀的烧结颈发育,烧结颈面积占比达到最大值;当含量低于0.25%时,由于光散射导致固化不均匀,生坯中存在明显的密度梯度,阻碍了烧结过程中的物质传输;当含量超过0.25%时,过量的紫外线吸收剂导致局部区域固化不足,在烧结过程中产生异常的物质传输路径。因此,烧结完成度在0.25%时达到顶峰。
通过研究紫外线吸收剂用量对表面质量、打印精度和微观结构的影响,光斑的减小和逐渐均匀体现了紫外线吸收剂的散射调控作用;侧面堆积纹的弱化和打印精度的提高展示了适量紫外线吸收剂对表面质量和打印精度的提升作用;烧结完成度提高以及气孔的均匀分布证实了适量紫外线吸收剂对微观结构质量的提升作用,进一步按照型芯性能标准进行烧结收缩率和抗弯强度的评价。
图12展示了不同用量紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75打印后的坯体烧结收缩率对比,可以看出,不同吸收剂用量所打印的零件在XYZ方向上的烧结收缩率均在1.3%附近,且误差较小,符合型芯制造标准。对比Li等获得的陶瓷型芯样品在XYZ方向上最低分别为2.8%、2.6%和3.1%的烧结收缩率[12],本实验样品不仅在烧结收缩率方面具有更优的结果,且在XYZ方向上的烧结收缩率结果也更加集中,说明烧结的一致性更高。这主要得益于陶瓷膏体在打印涂铺时更加稳定,不像具有强流动性的浆料打印存在液位控制问题,使得打印得到的坯体更加均匀。
图13是不同用量紫外线吸收剂TINUVIN B75打印后与已发表文献抗弯强度的对比[13-17],可以发现结果呈现出明显的非线性变化特征。当紫外线吸收剂含量从0%增加到0.25%时,抗弯强度从4.05 MPa显著提升至5.25 MPa;但当含量继续增至0.30%时,抗弯强度反而下降至4.38 MPa。这种变化趋势表明存在一个最优的紫外线吸收剂添加量(本研究中为0.25%)。结合SEM观察结果(图11)分析发现,抗弯强度的变化与微观结构特征密切相关。当含量为0.25%时,材料展现出最致密的微观结构,颗粒间烧结颈发育完整,气孔分布均匀,这种结构特征最有利于应力传递;当含量低于0.25%时,存在明显的未烧结区域,这些缺陷成为应力集中源;当含量超过0.25%时,陶瓷试样烧结不完全,导致材料强度下降[18]。在最佳含量的紫外线吸收剂作用下,材料最高强度虽与其他文献存在一定差距,但通过矿化剂的添加和其他强化作用后,仍然具有一定的竞争力[19]。
紫外线吸收剂集中了入射紫外光的空间分布,有效降低了光散射效应,显著改善了膏体的打印适性[7]。这种光学调控机制带来了多重积极影响:首先,提高了光固化过程的能量利用率,增强了单层固化均匀性;其次,弱化了堆积纹,提升了成型精度;最后,优化了制件的微观结构均匀性,提升了力学性能。然而,紫外线吸收剂的添加量存在最佳阈值。过量添加会导致光强过度衰减,延长单层曝光时间,降低打印效率。通过系统实验优化,确定0.25%为最佳添加量,在保证打印质量的同时,实现了打印精度与效率的最佳平衡。
(1)添加适量的紫外线吸收剂可显著改善膏体的打印适性,将各向烧结收缩率均匀控制在1.3%,提升了打印精度,微观结构和力学性能也得到优化,抗弯强度可达到5.25 MPa。
(2)针对本研究体系而言,TINUVIN B75能够获得最佳的打印效果和样品性能,0.25%为最佳添加量。
(3)过量的紫外线吸收剂会大幅降低激光光强,延长单层曝光时间,降低打印效率;此外,还会降低打印精度,影响样品的最终性能。

参考文献 引证文献
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2026年第54卷第2期
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doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000238
  • 接收时间:2025-04-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29
  • 录用日期:2025-05-23
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    1.苏州大学 机电工程学院,江苏 苏州 215131
    2.湖南理工学院 机械工程学院,湖南 岳阳 414006

通讯作者:

李文利(1982—),女,副教授,工学博士,研究方向为陶瓷光固化3D打印体系设计及应用,联系地址:江苏省苏州市相城区济学路8号苏州大学阳澄湖校区机电工程学院(215131),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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