Article(id=1281627293994954853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.18402/resci.2026.02.03, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1738512000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-03, revisedDate=1751299200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783493358372, onlineDateStr=2026-07-08, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783493358372, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783493358372, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783493358372, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281627217587310752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, year='2026', volume='48', issue='2', pageStart='289', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783493340155, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783507652191, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281687246705242510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281687246705242511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=317, endPage=333, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281627294179504230, articleId=1281627293994954853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, language=EN, title=Research progress and prospects of popular science tourism in geoparks, columnId=1281627249212375871, journalTitle=Resources Science, columnName=Theoretical Foundations and International Experience, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Popular science tourism in geoparks plays an important role in enhancing public scientific literacy and awareness of ecological conservation. Based on 386 relevant publications from January 1999 to November 2024 at home and abroad, this study systematically reviews the research progress, constructs a core framework, and proposes directions for future research. The results show that: (1) The research trajectory of popular science tourism in geoparks can be divided into three stages: initial stage (2010 and earlier), exploratory stage (2011-2018), and development stage (after 2019). (2) The research mainly focuses on resources and products, interpretive systems, tourist motivations and perceptions, and community participation, forming a core element chain of “supply—value transmission—demand—participation”. (3) Existing studies are characterized by multiple dimensions, multiple scales, an emphasis on effectiveness, and a strong focus on experience. However, there remains room for improvement in theoretical construction, content deepening, and methodological integration, which needs further refinement. Building on the core element chain, this study further proposes a research framework for popular science tourism in China’s geoparks, aiming to develop a localized research paradigm of popular science tourism in geoparks. Additionally, it seeks to deepen the exploration of the core elements, summarize directions for future research, and thereby support the high-quality development of popular science tourism in geoparks.

, authors=Zehui ZHU1, 2, Jiaming LIU1, 2, He ZHU1, 2, Shuying ZHANG1, 2, Caixia GAO3, Chenrouyu ZHENG1, 2, authorsList=Zehui ZHU, Jiaming LIU, He ZHU, Shuying ZHANG, Caixia GAO, Chenrouyu ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiaming LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281627295915946095, articleId=1281627293994954853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, language=CN, title=地质公园科普旅游研究进展与展望, columnId=1281627249371759425, journalTitle=资源科学, columnName=理论基础与国际经验, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

地质公园科普旅游在提升公众科学素养与生态保护意识方面发挥着重要作用。本文基于1999年1月—2024年11月国内外发表的386篇相关文献,系统梳理研究进展,构建核心框架,并提出未来研究方向。研究发现:①地质公园科普旅游研究历程可分为3个阶段:萌芽期(2010年及以前)、探索期(2011—2018年)与发展期(2019年及以后);②研究内容聚焦资源与产品、解说体系、游客动机与感知、社区参与等方向,形成“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”核心要素链;③研究特征呈现出多维度、多量表、重效果和强体验的特点,但当前研究在理论构建、内容深化与方法创新方面仍存在诸多不足,有待进一步优化。基于核心要素链,本文进一步提出中国地质公园科普旅游的研究框架,形成地质公园科普旅游的本土研究范式,并深化对核心要素的探讨,总结未来研究方向,从而支撑地质公园科普旅游的高质量发展。

, authors=朱泽辉1, 2, 刘家明1, 2, 朱鹤1, 2, 张书颖1, 2, 高彩霞3, 郑陈柔雨1, 2, authorsList=朱泽辉, 刘家明, 朱鹤, 张书颖, 高彩霞, 郑陈柔雨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘家明, authorNote=

朱泽辉,女,山东淄博人,博士研究生,研究方向为旅游地理和科普旅游。E-mail:

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刘家明,男,河南信阳人,研究员,研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划。E-mail:
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Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2018, 16(4): 3839-3859., articleTitle=Study on the ecological health evaluation of a geopark based on dpsir conceptual model: Illustrated by the Qianjiang Xiaonanhai National Geopark of China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627316761637157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=102, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=110, authorNames=Hadian M S D, Barkah M N, Khadidjah U L S, journalName=International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hadian M S D, Barkah M N, Khadidjah U L S, et al. Urban geotourism development in the perspective of stakeholders[J]. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 2025, 13(1): 102-116., articleTitle=Urban geotourism development in the perspective of stakeholders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627316824551718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=111, authorNames=Nugraha R P, Fauzi A, Rustiadi E, journalName=Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nugraha R P, Fauzi A, Rustiadi E, et al. Quantifying the geopark contribution to the village development index using machine learning: A deep learning approach: A case study in Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark, Indonesia[J]. Sustainability, 2025, DOI: 10.3390/su17156707., articleTitle=Quantifying the geopark contribution to the village development index using machine learning: A deep learning approach: A case study in Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark, Indonesia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627316887466279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=112, authorNames=Masjhoer J M, Vitrianto P N, journalName=Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Masjhoer J M, Vitrianto P N. Community engagement in waste reduction: A critical component for Gunung Sewu Geopark conservation, Yogyakarta, Indonesia[J]. Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies, 2024, 12(2): 1-12., articleTitle=Community engagement in waste reduction: A critical component for Gunung Sewu Geopark conservation, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627316950380840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=13, issue=4, pageStart=506, pageEnd=519, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=113, authorNames=Garcia C L J, Vega A L C, Rios R C A, journalName=International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Garcia C L J, Vega A L C, Rios R C A, et al. Discovering the earth: Design and implementation of geoeducation strategies and their social impact in rural areas of Chicamocha Canyon: Case study at Instituto Valle del Río de Oro, Piedecuesta (Colombia)[J]. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 2025, 13(4): 506-519., articleTitle=Discovering the earth: Design and implementation of geoeducation strategies and their social impact in rural areas of Chicamocha Canyon: Case study at Instituto Valle del Río de Oro, Piedecuesta (Colombia), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627317021684009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=25, issue=11, pageStart=84, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=114, authorNames=许涛, 田明中, journalName=旅游学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许涛, 田明中. 我国国家地质公园旅游系统研究进展与趋势[J]. 旅游学刊, 2010, 25(11): 84-92., articleTitle=我国国家地质公园旅游系统研究进展与趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627317072015658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=25, issue=11, pageStart=84, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=115, authorNames=Xu T, Tian M Z, journalName=Tourism Tribune, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[ Xu T, Tian M Z. On the study progress of tourism system of China’s national geoparks and several problems required to be urgently studied[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2010, 25(11): 84-92.], articleTitle=On the study progress of tourism system of China’s national geoparks and several problems required to be urgently studied, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627317147513131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=2026, pageEnd=2038, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=116, authorNames=马延孝, journalName=资源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马延孝. 国外考古旅游研究进展及启示[J]. 资源科学, 2023, 45(10): 2026-2038., articleTitle=国外考古旅游研究进展及启示, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627317210427692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=2026, pageEnd=2038, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=117, authorNames=Ma Y X, journalName=Resources Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[ Ma Y X. 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注:图中突现词强度反映研究热点在特定时期内的突发频率,数值越大表示突现程度越高;图中仅展示强度排名前9位的突现词。

, figureFileSmall=9SkQkkXrgk69f/tOMyRBzQ==, figureFileBig=+vBaRYrhkg+afRMkYdLqqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627300382879914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Thematic framework of popular science tourism research in geoparks, figureFileSmall=s0MmsHOe94cVBTzDB+kLcQ==, figureFileBig=tkVSCE/CtBy5gKsY3/+VIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627300445794475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=CN, label=图2, caption=地质公园科普旅游研究主题框架, figureFileSmall=s0MmsHOe94cVBTzDB+kLcQ==, figureFileBig=tkVSCE/CtBy5gKsY3/+VIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627300521291948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Popular science interpretation system of geoparks, figureFileSmall=DMdOEUkJNyRBpMWWOLdVlQ==, figureFileBig=zuBkC9N0fg0+uGophLr1Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627302123516077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=CN, label=图3, caption=地质公园科普解说系统, figureFileSmall=DMdOEUkJNyRBpMWWOLdVlQ==, figureFileBig=zuBkC9N0fg0+uGophLr1Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627302224179374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Research framework for popular science tourism in China’s geoparks, figureFileSmall=Jmp+bWTqUQSZvquIYQnp0w==, figureFileBig=dwMkkrE+Y1Zl+3tdGuIEXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627302295482543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=CN, label=图4, caption=中国地质公园科普旅游的研究框架, figureFileSmall=Jmp+bWTqUQSZvquIYQnp0w==, figureFileBig=dwMkkrE+Y1Zl+3tdGuIEXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627302366785712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification system of popular science tourism resources in geoparks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 分类依据与方法 大类 分类内容 参考文献
1 参考地质公园科普基地评定标准和《地质遗迹调查规范》(DZ/T03
03—2017)
地质遗迹类科普旅游资源 基础地质类、地貌景观类、地质灾害类 何哲峰[36]
生物类科普旅游资源 植物类、动物类
天象气象类科普旅游资源 天象类、气象类
人文类科普旅游资源 历史古迹类、宗教文化类、乡村民俗类、博物馆类
地貌景观类 岩体地貌、水体地貌、构造地貌
2 依据《地质遗迹调查规范》(DZ/T
0303—2017)和《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》(GB/T18972—2017)
地质遗迹 重要岩石产地、岩石剖面、岩土体地貌 魏崇辉等[22]
生物景观 植被景观、动物景观
人文景观 建筑景观、文化遗存
3 依据《地质遗迹调查规范(DZ/T0
303—2017)》
基础地质类 地质剖面、构造剖面、重要岩矿石产地 尹祝等[34]
地貌景观类 岩体地貌、水体地貌、构造地貌
4 专家访谈、GIS分析等 冰川构造 Poiraud等[35]
地质地貌
水文地质
地貌构造
地层构造
), ArticleFig(id=1281627302446477489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地质公园科普旅游资源分类体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 分类依据与方法 大类 分类内容 参考文献
1 参考地质公园科普基地评定标准和《地质遗迹调查规范》(DZ/T03
03—2017)
地质遗迹类科普旅游资源 基础地质类、地貌景观类、地质灾害类 何哲峰[36]
生物类科普旅游资源 植物类、动物类
天象气象类科普旅游资源 天象类、气象类
人文类科普旅游资源 历史古迹类、宗教文化类、乡村民俗类、博物馆类
地貌景观类 岩体地貌、水体地貌、构造地貌
2 依据《地质遗迹调查规范》(DZ/T
0303—2017)和《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》(GB/T18972—2017)
地质遗迹 重要岩石产地、岩石剖面、岩土体地貌 魏崇辉等[22]
生物景观 植被景观、动物景观
人文景观 建筑景观、文化遗存
3 依据《地质遗迹调查规范(DZ/T0
303—2017)》
基础地质类 地质剖面、构造剖面、重要岩矿石产地 尹祝等[34]
地貌景观类 岩体地貌、水体地貌、构造地貌
4 专家访谈、GIS分析等 冰川构造 Poiraud等[35]
地质地貌
水文地质
地貌构造
地层构造
), ArticleFig(id=1281627302513586354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Tourist motivations for popular science tourism in geoparks

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游客类型 动机
儿童游客 开阔视野、促进交流、拓展知识、满足好奇心、激发学习意图
成年游客 深入了解地质形成与演变、获取广泛知识、增强社会责任感
老年游客 丰富生活、终身学习、缓解孤独、提升生活质量
亲子家庭游客 亲子互动、教育效益
), ArticleFig(id=1281627302580695219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627293994954853, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地质公园科普旅游游客动机

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
游客类型 动机
儿童游客 开阔视野、促进交流、拓展知识、满足好奇心、激发学习意图
成年游客 深入了解地质形成与演变、获取广泛知识、增强社会责任感
老年游客 丰富生活、终身学习、缓解孤独、提升生活质量
亲子家庭游客 亲子互动、教育效益
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地质公园科普旅游研究进展与展望
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朱泽辉 1, 2 , 刘家明 1, 2 , 朱鹤 1, 2 , 张书颖 1, 2 , 高彩霞 3 , 郑陈柔雨 1, 2
资源科学 | 理论基础与国际经验 2026,48(2): 317-333
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资源科学 |理论基础与国际经验 2026 , 48 (2) : 317 -333
地质公园科普旅游研究进展与展望
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朱泽辉1, 2 , 刘家明1, 2 , 朱鹤1, 2, 张书颖1, 2, 高彩霞3, 郑陈柔雨1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
  • 2 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
  • 3 北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院, 北京 100024
通讯作者:
刘家明,男,河南信阳人,研究员,研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划。E-mail:
作者简介:

朱泽辉,女,山东淄博人,博士研究生,研究方向为旅游地理和科普旅游。E-mail:

Research progress and prospects of popular science tourism in geoparks
Zehui ZHU1, 2 , Jiaming LIU1, 2 , He ZHU1, 2, Shuying ZHANG1, 2, Caixia GAO3, Chenrouyu ZHENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3 School of Tourism Sciences, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing 100024, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.03
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地质公园科普旅游在提升公众科学素养与生态保护意识方面发挥着重要作用。本文基于1999年1月—2024年11月国内外发表的386篇相关文献,系统梳理研究进展,构建核心框架,并提出未来研究方向。研究发现:①地质公园科普旅游研究历程可分为3个阶段:萌芽期(2010年及以前)、探索期(2011—2018年)与发展期(2019年及以后);②研究内容聚焦资源与产品、解说体系、游客动机与感知、社区参与等方向,形成“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”核心要素链;③研究特征呈现出多维度、多量表、重效果和强体验的特点,但当前研究在理论构建、内容深化与方法创新方面仍存在诸多不足,有待进一步优化。基于核心要素链,本文进一步提出中国地质公园科普旅游的研究框架,形成地质公园科普旅游的本土研究范式,并深化对核心要素的探讨,总结未来研究方向,从而支撑地质公园科普旅游的高质量发展。

地质公园  /  科普旅游  /  旅游产品  /  科普解说  /  研究框架  /  综述

Popular science tourism in geoparks plays an important role in enhancing public scientific literacy and awareness of ecological conservation. Based on 386 relevant publications from January 1999 to November 2024 at home and abroad, this study systematically reviews the research progress, constructs a core framework, and proposes directions for future research. The results show that: (1) The research trajectory of popular science tourism in geoparks can be divided into three stages: initial stage (2010 and earlier), exploratory stage (2011-2018), and development stage (after 2019). (2) The research mainly focuses on resources and products, interpretive systems, tourist motivations and perceptions, and community participation, forming a core element chain of “supply—value transmission—demand—participation”. (3) Existing studies are characterized by multiple dimensions, multiple scales, an emphasis on effectiveness, and a strong focus on experience. However, there remains room for improvement in theoretical construction, content deepening, and methodological integration, which needs further refinement. Building on the core element chain, this study further proposes a research framework for popular science tourism in China’s geoparks, aiming to develop a localized research paradigm of popular science tourism in geoparks. Additionally, it seeks to deepen the exploration of the core elements, summarize directions for future research, and thereby support the high-quality development of popular science tourism in geoparks.

geopark  /  popular science tourism  /  tourism product  /  popular science interpretation  /  research framework  /  review
朱泽辉, 刘家明, 朱鹤, 张书颖, 高彩霞, 郑陈柔雨. 地质公园科普旅游研究进展与展望. 资源科学, 2026 , 48 (2) : 317 -333 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.03
Zehui ZHU, Jiaming LIU, He ZHU, Shuying ZHANG, Caixia GAO, Chenrouyu ZHENG. Research progress and prospects of popular science tourism in geoparks[J]. Resources Science, 2026 , 48 (2) : 317 -333 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.03
科普是传播科学知识和提升公众认知的重要工具,自2006年国务院颁布《全民科学素质行动计划纲要》以来,科普愈发受到重视,成为推动社会进步的重要力量,其目标与中国式现代化建设高度契合,在实现中华民族伟大复兴中具有重要的作用。作为科普的一种实践形式,科普旅游强调通过实地体验和互动学习,提升公众对自然与科学知识的兴趣,强化资源环境认知,已逐渐成为旅游研究与资源利用研究的重要交汇点。在这一背景下,地质公园凭借其丰富的自然地质遗产和独特的科学教育资源,成为实施科普旅游的典型场所和理想平台,也成为科普旅游学术研究的核心议题之一[1]。与传统的科普场所(如博物馆、科技馆)相比,地质公园开展科普旅游具有以下3个独特意义:①拥有不可复制的地质景观和自然遗产,展示了地球数十亿年的演化历史,具有极高的科学研究与教育价值;②融合了自然保护、环境教育和旅游体验的多重功能,是推动资源可持续利用和探索科普旅游理论的重要场域;③通过与当地社区的协作,地质公园推动了公众参与和生态文化传播,为人与自然和谐共生提供了实践样本。自2004年联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)正式启动全球地质公园认证工作以来,地质公园不仅在全球自然遗产保护方面发挥了重要作用,也逐步发展为传播科学知识、提升公众环境意识以及创新区域资源管理的关键平台。同时,全球地质公园网络的建立与发展,促使地质公园的数量和覆盖范围迅速扩展。截至2025年4月,世界地质公园网络成员总数达到229个,覆盖50个国家。其中,中国地质公园的总数位居首位,共49处。如中国的张家界世界地质公园、龙岩世界地质公园等通过设计科学的解说体系和开展多样化的科普活动,成功吸引了大批游客,也为全球科普旅游的发展树立了典范。
地质公园科普旅游的蓬勃发展,不仅有效推动了科学知识的传播,也为自然资源保护与社会福祉的协同融合提供了典型实践范例。在已有的文献综述类研究中,部分学者的研究为该领域带来了重要启示,提出了有价值的研究视角与议题。如陈安泽[1]在梳理旅游地学学科演化及地质公园发展历程时发现,科普功能对推动地质公园持续发展具有重要地位;刘晓静等[2]则明确了地质公园科普旅游的研究核心范畴,为后续深入探讨提供了理论基础。然而,现有综述研究在体系整合上仍显不足,特别是对地质公园科普旅游核心机制与理论模型的提炼尚不充分,同时缺乏对研究样本的时间跨度、主题归纳、研究趋势等方面的更新与深化。总体来看,相关述评类成果数量有限,研究主题零散,尚未形成清晰的发展脉络。特别是在国家地质公园制度逐步完善的背景下,现有研究在回应本土理论与实践方面明显滞后。因此,亟须聚焦核心议题,厘清研究阶段与演化趋势,推动该领域向系统化与本土化深入。
鉴于此,本文基于Web of Science和中国知网等文献数据库,对国内外地质公园科普旅游相关研究进行梳理与述评,识别已有成果的共识与不足,并提出理论空白与未来方向,旨在构建符合中国国情与实践需求的分析框架,助力该领域理论拓展与实践创新。
科普旅游作为科学传播的重要形式,近年来逐渐成为旅游与教育融合发展的重要方向。然而,尽管已有研究从旅游学、教育学、地质学等角度对其内涵进行了探讨,但在核心功能的界定、边界的划分与概念的统一方面仍缺乏共识。目前部分文献将科普旅游与研学旅游、教育旅游等概念交叉使用,易导致研究定位模糊。实际上,这三者在目标对象、组织主体与内容设计上存在明显差异:研学旅游通常依托学校课程开展,面向特定学生群体,服务于阶段性教学目标;教育旅游涵盖更广泛的访学交流与学术考察活动,强调结构性学习与文化体验;而科普旅游则主要面向公众群体,通过知识传播与互动体验提升科学素养与资源环境认知,具有更强的开放性和社会教育属性[3]。为聚焦研究内容,本文所探讨的科普旅游特指面向公众开展的科学传播实践,强调其科学属性、旅游特性与社会功能的统一[4],并区别于以学生群体为主的研学旅游和以教学任务为导向的教育旅游。
地质公园作为科普旅游的重要空间载体,其发展过程与现代科学传播理念密切相关。早在明代,《徐霞客游记》就体现了“行中有学”的理念,是地理考察与科学传播结合的雏形。国际上,1832年乔治·卡特琳提出的“设立大公园,保持原生状态,体验自然之美”设想,被认为是自然遗产保护思想的源起,也是地质公园理念的思想基石。随着公众环境意识增强和自然教育需求扩大,地质公园逐步发展为集自然保护、科学研究、教育普及与旅游体验于一体的综合性平台[5],成为推动科普旅游发展的核心阵地。本文将地质公园科普旅游界定为以地质公园为核心载体,通过展示典型地质遗迹和自然景观,结合导览讲解、互动体验、展览展示与新兴技术(如虚拟现实与增强现实)的融合,向公众普及地球科学知识、提升资源环境认知与生态保护意识的一种旅游形式。该过程不仅强调科学教育与知识传播,更融合了生态资源保护与文化传承[6],体现出多重目标的协同。在理论基础上,地质公园科普旅游融合了旅游学、教育学、传播学和经济学等多重视角,形成了一种以认知提升、情感参与和行为激励为路径的科学传播模式[7],为其发展成为高质量旅游、资源管理与环境教育深度融合的重要形态奠定了基础。
本文所分析的国内外文献数据分别源自Web of Science(www.webofscience.com)核心合集和中国知网CNKI(www.cnki.net)中的北大中文核心、CSSCI、CSCD这3类来源的文献,文献检索时间为1999年1月—2024年11月。科普旅游是我国的独有概念,其在国际学术语境中被译为scientific tourism或popular science tourism,并结合public understanding of science(公众理解科学)这一国外常用术语。本文将(“public understanding of science” AND touris*) OR “scientific touris*” OR “popular science touris*”等关键词交叉组合,以涵盖相关文献范围;由于地质公园建立基于地质遗迹,而“geoheritage”研究早于“geopark”概念提出,英文检索同时纳入“geoheritage”“geopark”“geo-education”等关键词,由此构成Web of Science核心合集的检索词。中文检索词以“地质”为核心词,结合“地质遗迹”“地质保护”等关键词,以“科普旅游”+“地质公园”或含“地质旅游”+“教育/学习”等主题词进行模糊查询以增强覆盖度。剔除书评、会议论文、部分重复文章和与研究主题不相关条目后,最终纳入外文文献306篇,中文文献80篇,共计386篇文献,构成本文的基础样本集。
基于年发文数量、突现词频、研究主题演化、政策背景以及代表性事件,本文将相关研究划分为3个阶段:萌芽期(1999—2010年)、探索期(2011—2018年)和发展期(2019年—2024年1月)(图1)。对纵向时间维度的分析表明,地质公园科普旅游研究在全球范围内呈现由浅入深的演进过程,从早期的探索阶段逐步迈入当前的纵深发展阶段。尽管国内研究起步稍晚,整体发文量相对较低;但自2019年以来,在国家政策支持、议题拓展路径多元化以及研究方法逐步精细化等因素的推动下,国内研究呈现出快速演进态势。特别是在《中华人民共和国科学技术普及法(2024年修订)》(以下简称《科普法》)等相继出台的文件和倡导科技融合与旅游发展的大背景下,中国地质公园科普旅游研究已具备“发展期”的初步特征,与国际研究的主要方向和视角实现了高度接轨。同时,国内外相关研究之间并非彼此孤立,不同主题之间不断产生交叉与融合,表现出互补性。基于此,本文将国内外研究统一纳入“萌芽期—探索期—发展期”3阶段框架,旨在系统揭示地质公园科普旅游研究的发展动因、阶段特征与未来潜力。
突现词强度是指短时间内在文献中频次变化率较高或者出现次数较多的词,本文基于CiteSpace突现词分析结果对地质公园科普旅游研究热点进行判断(图1)。由于前期研究成果较少,2011年之前没有出现具有代表性的研究前沿关键词,因此对突现词的分析仅包含探索期和发展期。基于突现词结果,本文分析了国内外不同阶段地质公园科普旅游的发文总量及研究趋势特点。
(1)萌芽期
萌芽时期发文数量较少,国内外发文总计16篇,呈现缓慢发展态势,主要集中于概念界定和科普功能初探。与此同时,UNESCO于1997年提出建立世界地质公园的倡议,并于2004年批准成立首批世界地质公园,初步奠定了“保护、教育、旅游”三位一体的发展框架,为相关研究的展开提供了实践基础。1999年Reimold[8]首次系统探讨地质遗迹保护与科普教育的关系;2008年Reynard[9]对地质景观的科学传播方式进行了理论总结,为后续研究打开思路。此阶段,在国家地质公园体系建设和科普政策推动下,我国相关研究逐步展开。研究主要集中于资源调查、解说方式和地质公园功能界定等方面。整体来看,该时期研究处于初步阶段,理论建构尚在形成中,文献整体呈现由零散探索向经验积累的演进特征。
(2)探索期
探索期的研究逐步从资源开发转向对地质公园科普教育功能的系统讨论。随着2012年中国国家地质公园网络建成和2015年国际地球科学与地质公园计划(IGGP)的启动,学界开始关注地质公园在社区参与、环境教育和旅游管理等维度的综合价值。Hose[10]扩展了科普旅游的内涵,提出其在推动公众参与和自然保护中的中介角色,成为理论深化的重要里程碑。同时,一系列经验研究聚焦于旅游开发管理[11]、社区利益共享[12]、导览系统构建与教育绩效评估[13]等议题,推动了对实践机制的进一步反思。尽管该阶段研究议题逐步拓展,但普遍存在理论碎片化、区域案例重复率高的问题[14],对跨区域比较、长期效果追踪及多学科方法整合关注不足,亟待深化理论对话与机制构建。此外,虚拟现实等新兴技术虽已在部分研究中被提及[15],但其在教育实效、游客行为引导方面的机制仍未充分探讨。
(3)发展期
2019年后,地质公园科普旅游研究迎来了快速发展,文献数量显著增长,研究主题多元化、方法体系愈加复杂[16]。2021年UNESCO将地质公园正式纳入联合国可持续发展框架,2024年《科普法》进一步强化了科普功能,这些政策导向推动了相关研究在全球范围内的加速拓展。此阶段,研究关注点已由资源展示转向认知生成机制,重点聚焦于游客体验和科普教育效果[17]、传播路径和技术介入[18]等多维度。同时,研究区域逐步扩展至新兴市场和欠发达地区[19],如南美、非洲、中东等地[20];但跨文化语境下的传播适配、教育效果对比等问题仍属空白[21]。在方法层面,在传统实地调查与案例分析基础上引入了多种量化模型[22](如模糊综合评价法[23]、结构方程模型[24]、机器学习[25]等),使研究更具精准性和可复制性[26]。但值得注意的是,这些方法尚未与理论建构形成有效闭环,存在技术嵌入先行、理论回应滞后的趋势。此外,文化遗产[27]与地质遗产[28]融合研究成为热点,部分文献尝试将历史[29]、艺术[30]等要素纳入解说设计,丰富科普旅游的叙事内容与教育功能,但其成效评估体系尚不成熟,亟须在未来研究中予以深化。
地质公园科普旅游是由地质公园、科学普及、旅游系统共同组成的复合体系,融合了地质遗迹保护与科研、公众科学教育、旅游休闲等多元功能,体现出自然遗产保护、知识传播与旅游发展之间的高度耦合性。其中,旅游系统作为实现科学传播的主要途径,具有结构复杂、系统性强的内在特征。旅游系统理论为揭示这一复杂结构提供了分析框架,强调供给、需求、支持子系统之间的动态关联与协调演化[31]。在此基础上,本文借鉴旅游系统理论,结合地质公园科普旅游的功能属性,构建了一个由“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”组成的主题框架(图2)。该框架强调从资源整合到价值感知、行为转化与社区反馈的全过程逻辑。其中,供给子系统代表自然与文化资源的系统集成与产品设计;价值传递子系统作为连接供需的关键环节,涵盖解说系统、科普传播与认知引导等机制,驱动科普价值的有效转化[32];需求子系统体现受众的动机形成、知识获得与情感反应;参与子系统则强调社区等利益相关方的能动介入与协同共建。4个子系统共同构成一个开放、互动、动态演化的旅游系统,反映了地质公园科普旅游从资源组织到社会影响的全流程运行逻辑。
供给子系统是地质公园科普旅游的基础,其核心在于明确资源的类型、功能与价值,为科普旅游开发与发展提供支撑。从地质遗迹的独特性,到服务设施和教育产品的组合,供给直接决定了旅游吸引力与传播效能。
(1)资源分类研究
地质资源是地质公园科普旅游供给子系统的核心组成,其科学分类是实现精准开发与高效管理的前提。已有研究从多个维度构建资源分类体系,例如,基于多重标准的综合分类体系[33]、地质学范式下的遗迹分类体系[34],以及基于区域空间判别视角[35]分类方案等(表1)。随着生态保护理念的强化,资源分类也日益向“地质+生态”融合演进,生态景观与环境要素在分类体系中的地位持续提升,这一趋势体现了地质资源研究由单一属性走向复合功能的转变。具体研究中,学者通过典型案例提出具有代表性的分类框架。如王启燊[37]将阿拉善沙漠世界地质公园的地质景观资源划分为8大类:风力地貌遗迹、水体及其地质作用地貌遗迹、地质剖面遗迹、岩石遗迹、地质构造遗迹、古生物化石遗迹、矿床遗迹、观赏石遗迹;Poiraud等[35]调查了Vercors地区,提出5种资源空间类型,包括冰川构造、地质地貌、水文地质、地貌构造和地层构造。这些分类体系虽提升了资源管理的科学性,但在适用性、可推广性等方面仍存在不足。
(2)价值评估研究
地质公园科普旅游的价值评估是深入挖掘资源潜力、彰显旅游特色的重要手段,涉及科学性、教育性、美学性、生态性、文化性、经济性和可持续性等多个维度。为实现全面评估,研究普遍采用定性与定量结合的方式构建指标体系。例如,罗伟等[38]基于系统性与代表性原则,采用层次分析法构建综合评价体系;陈炜[39]利用旅行费用法和条件价值评估法量化桂林喀斯特地区的生态与科普潜力。在评估维度选择上,Vasiliev等[40]对气候变化背景下地质公园的可持续发展潜力进行了评估;刘晓静等[41]构建了涵盖资源、管理、辅助条件3个维度的指标体系。尽管上述研究为价值评估提供了重要的理论支持与实证依据,但目前尚缺统一标准,评估体系与方法适配性、维度权重等方面仍存在争议,这为后续的研究与实际应用留下了广泛探索空间。
产品开发是实现资源价值转化与科普教育目标的核心环节[42]。独特的地质遗迹景观和丰富的生态价值赋予了其明确的开发导向,使地质公园成为产品创新与资源利用的重要载体[43]
在理论基础方面,产品开发融合了体验经济[44]、旅游动机[45]、生态学以及教育学等多学科理论,明确了开发的目标与路径,为产品设计与实施提供了系统支撑。在产品特征方面,地质公园科普旅游产品通常具备自然性、奇观性、互动性、学习性、游览性[46]等特点,多重特征构成了开发的核心基础。基于此,产品开发的关键要素可总结为资源整合与深度挖掘[47]、体验式设计[48]、特色路线规划以及智能化和数字化技术的应用[49]。近年来,产品创新呈现出科技赋能、生态保护和跨界合作等新趋势[50],在为地质公园开发带来机遇的同时,也凸显了市场需求不确定性与资源保护之间的平衡难题。为应对挑战,需依托精准的市场调研与创新的管理策略[51]。例如,Eddine等[52]对法国、摩洛哥世界地质公园的研究表明,地质公园的开发应明确教育目标并设计教育内容;陈炜[51]基于桂林喀斯特地貌案例,提出了休闲生态科普旅游、体验生态科普旅游和专项生态科普旅游等3大产品开发体系。整体而言,未来产品研究应在回应游客需求、保护资源、强化科普功能之间寻求更优化的协同机制。
地质公园作为集自然遗产保护与科普教育于一体的平台,其旅游价值不仅在于地学知识的传播,更在于通过一整套系统化的价值传递机制,引导游客获得科学认知、文化认同和环保意识。因此,科普旅游的价值传递过程是多元、复杂且互动的,涵盖了科普解说和评估反馈等多个环节,构成一个动态闭环的传播链条。
解说系统是连接知识供给与游客认知的桥梁,其核心任务在于将专业地学知识转化为通俗易懂、富有吸引力的传播内容[53],提升游客的科学素养和环境责任感。当前研究普遍将地质公园解说系统划分为解说对象、解说方式与解说受众3个层面[54]图3)。
解说对象包括地质遗迹解说、地质科普实践和地质展览解说3类系统[55]。解说方式是将解说对象的信息传递给受众的关键途径,已由传统口头讲解扩展至电子导览、沉浸式体验等智能化方式[56]。在解说受众方面,则需考虑年龄结构、知识水平和文化背景的差异化适配。目前学界在解说系统功能定位和技术融合路径上基本达成共识,强调其应集教育性、趣味性与互动性于一体。但研究发现,解说系统也暴露出一系列问题:①面向不同游客群体的差异化解说体系尚不成熟;②高科技应用虽提升沉浸感,但其对知识吸收的实效性仍存在争议;③部分公园仍依赖神话传说等弱科学内容,稀释了解说的科普核心。
科学有效的评估机制是价值传递闭环的重要一环,能够验证解说系统的传播效果、优化内容设计并指导运营策略。现有研究多采用游客感知调查、量表构建和行为追踪等方法,衡量游客的理解程度、参与度与态度变化。
例如,Luan等[57]针对新疆天山天池国家地质公园构建了科普教育感知量表,评估游客的学习收获与行为意向;Pan等[58]发现互动性强的解说方式可在游客中引发更深层次的记忆与环保行为反应。此外,智慧化解说方式的引入显著提高了科普旅游体验质量,如Ciftic等[59]的对比实验证实了以“导游+混合现实”的服务能让游客获得深层次的教育互动。尽管实践层面不断探索,但当前研究仍存在评估维度碎片化、缺乏标准化工具、反馈机制缺位[60]等问题。同时,缺乏长期追踪与比较研究,导致解说效果的可持续性难以验证[61]。因此,未来应加强解说效果的系统评估研究,构建涵盖认知、情感与行为转化的综合指标体系,推动解说系统从内容导向转型为成效导向。
地质公园科普旅游需求子系统的研究聚焦于游客的分类与动机、教育需求与满意度等维度,旨在揭示游客的兴趣偏好与参与行为,为内容设计与服务优化提供理论支持。
游客的参与动机是科普旅游需求端研究的核心。基于问卷与访谈等方法,既有研究表明,获取知识[62]、环保意识[63]、好奇心驱动[64]与追求个人成长[65]等是主要动机。然而,游客动机常具多元性,需结合游客类型进行更细致区分。
根据游客类型,可划分为儿童、成人、老年人和亲子家庭4大类(表2),各类游客的动机具有差异性与层次性。儿童时期是认知能力发展的关键时期,科普旅游能够帮助儿童开阔视野、促进互动交流、提高对科学知识的认识[66]、满足好奇心[67]和激发学习意图。成年旅游者则更多关注通过旅游深入了解地质的形成与演变[68]、获取广泛的科学知识[24]并增强社会责任感[69]。对于老年人群体而言,旅游的动机主要在于丰富生活、关注身心健康[70]、缓解孤独、追求终身学习[71],以及提升生活质量[72]。亲子家庭则兼顾亲子互动与教育效益[73]。这些分类为地质公园在产品匹配与活动定制上提供了精准依据,但游客动机与行为转化之间的内在机制仍有待进一步探讨,如不同动机如何影响参与深度、认知成果等。
教育感知反映游客对科普内容与传递方式的接受度,是衡量价值传递效果的重要指标。Fung等[74]采用了游客雇佣摄影法揭示游客对地质遗产和相关自然与文化要素的认知特征,拓展了教育感知的定性研究视角。为实现系统量化评估,何小芊等[75]开发了涵盖环境教育、科普活动与解说服务3个维度的游客感知量表,构建了较为系统的测量工具。Chen等[23]在此基础上进一步引入环境感知因素,拓展了研究维度并增强了模型的适用性。
满意度研究进一步捕捉游客对整体科普体验的评价,反映其对知识获得、娱乐性与服务水平的综合感知。已有研究通过IPA方法[76]、文献资料法及实地考察法等[77]方式构建评价指标体系及模型,并结合实证检验游客反应特征[78]。这些研究成果有助于更全面地洞察游客的需求与期望,从而为优化地质公园科普教育体验提供了有力的理论依据。尽管研究路径逐步清晰,但仍面临指标体系不统一、动态反馈不足等问题。未来应强化纵向追踪与结构性模型建构,以提升研究解释力与实用性。
在地质公园科普旅游系统中,参与子系统是实现动态调节与共建共治的关键环节。社区居民等利益相关者的积极介入,不仅增强了资源供给的在地性与适配性,也通过参与解说、协助传播和管理反馈等方式嵌入价值传播链条,构建起需求响应与系统优化的良性闭环。本节从社区居民角色与协作以及社区参与的效益两个维度展开分析。
社区居民在地质公园科普旅游中扮演着多重角色,不仅是开发新景点的推动者,也是地质文化的传播者与生态保护的守护员[79]。研究表明,社区居民对本地资源的深度认知为新景区的识别与开发提供了支持[13],并以“活教材”身份丰富了解说内容的文化内涵与生活经验[80]。社区居民对生态脆弱性的敏感认知,使其在旅游实践中兼顾资源利用与环境保护,从而推动旅游与生态的协同发展[81]。同时,社区居民的参与行为也影响着旅游产品的供给方式与解说内容的价值表达,是参与子系统与供给子系统和价值传递子系统之间形成良性互动的重要体现。但随着旅游需求的快速增长,社区与旅游活动之间的潜在冲突逐渐引起了研究者的关注[82]。针对这一问题,部分研究者尝试引入DPSIR模型[83]构建生态安全评价框架,以缓解旅游对社区环境的负面冲击,推动生态与社会系统的协同治理[84]。现有研究已明确居民在旅游产品供给与价值传播中的关键作用,并逐步意识到旅游发展与社区生态的双向促进效应,但在协作机制与治理模型的动态评估方面仍有待深化。
地质公园科普旅游的社区参与不仅创造了经济收益,更产生了多维度的社会效益。一方面,旅游活动带动了岗位创造,如科普讲解员、导游、生态管理员等职业,拓展了居民就业渠道[85]。另一方面,科普旅游以知识普及为核心,通过互动式参与,显著提升了居民对地质与生态知识的认知水平,增强了本地认同感和环境责任意识[86];同时也促使知识在社区内部的代际传承[26],助力地方的可持续发展。此外,游客与居民之间的互动交流强化了文化理解与民族自豪感[87],增强了社区凝聚力与文化自信,有助于推动社区内部的和谐发展与共识建构。总体而言,这种社区与科普旅游的双向互动,不仅提升了旅游活动的整体质量,也为社区注入了可持续发展的内生动力。社区获得的知识、文化与情感收益,也反向强化了供给、价值传递以及需求3个子系统对参与子系统的反馈作用,从而进一步巩固了地质公园科普旅游的整体运行体系。
本文在概述地质公园科普旅游的研究缘起与主要议题的基础上,归纳总结了地质公园科普旅游的研究主题,形成了“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”这一核心要素链内容,研究呈现出多维度、多量表、重效果和强体验的特点。然而,当前研究在理论构建、内容深化与方法创新方面仍存在诸多不足,有待进一步突破与优化。
(1)理论研究。前人研究对地质公园科普旅游的概念内涵进行了解释说明,但科普旅游作为一个新兴概念,其相关界定仍有待进一步明晰。一方面,地质公园科普旅游属于科普旅游的子集或具体表现形式,但由于科普旅游与相关业态之间存在一定交叉,其在研究范围、内容和评价标准上常与其他旅游形态混淆,未能充分凸显其核心功能——科学知识的传播与普及[88]。另一方面,地质公园科普旅游在教育、知识传播与资源保护间存在内在关系,亟待跨学科的深入研究,并揭示其理论内涵。科普旅游中关键要素(如科普教育、游客体验等)的互动机制研究尚显薄弱,需要综合性探索来进一步深化[89]。因此,需在现有实践基础上强化理论建构,逐步形成规范化、系统化的分析框架。
(2)研究内容。研究内容涉及广泛,但深度仍显不足。围绕“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”的框架,各要素仍存在薄弱环节。供给子系统的研究侧重资源分类与价值识别,但缺乏对地质、生态与文化资源的综合集成与动态价值分析,对多元群体的产品适配性关注不足,产品创新与需求脱节问题突出。价值传递子系统存在两大不足:①科普传播渠道研究不充分,关于如何通过多元媒介扩大科普传播的覆盖面并提升传播效果,尚未得到系统探讨。②媒介内容的精准度和吸引力研究相对较弱,尤其在数智环境下,关于如何提升虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)等新媒体在科普传播中的有效性与科学性的研究仍待拓展。需求子系统存在对游客类型、兴趣分层的细化不足,缺乏精准画像与动态预测;此外,反馈机制薄弱,未充分利用市场调研和数据分析预测游客需求变化,也缺乏有效的反馈机制以持续优化科普旅游服务。参与子系统虽已关注社区协同的重要性,但社区参与深度、激励机制、文化传承与利益分配的系统研究仍较薄弱[13],尚未形成系统的分析和实践指导。
(3)研究方法。当前研究多采用定性访谈、问卷调查、层次分析等方法,虽为问题识别提供了基础支撑,但难以揭示复杂系统下的要素关联与动态演化机制。面对生态保护、社区参与、游客行为等多维度交织的现实问题,地质公园科普旅游研究亟须引入地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)、大数据挖掘、机器学习等新技术手段,开展融合建模与综合评估,提高研究的精准性、可操作性与理论贡献度。
随着中国地质公园体系的持续推进以及国家地质公园网络的建设发展,地质公园在科普教育与生态旅游中的作用日益凸显。作为具有中国特色的科普旅游概念,地质公园科普旅游不仅承担着科学传播功能,同时也服务于生态文明建设和可持续发展战略。然而,当前该领域理论研究相对滞后,亟须构建契合中国语境的系统性研究框架。为此,本文基于“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”核心要素链,融合地质公园、科普与旅游三大系统的内在逻辑,提出面向中国地质公园科普旅游的研究分析框架(图4)。该框架有助于系统呈现知识体系与研究重点,亦为未来研究提供方向指引。
从概念内涵来看,地质公园作为自然资源与文化遗产保护空间,承载着重要的科学、生态和教育价值;科普活动关注公众科学素养提升与人地关系的认知深化;旅游活动则强调休闲、体验性和文化互动;三者的融合构成了地质公园科普旅游的独特属性:它将传统的旅游活动与科普教育、自然保护有机融合,使游客在享受自然风光和文化底蕴的同时,获得独特的科普体验。这种融合不仅拓宽了旅游的内涵,也为地质公园赋予了更深层次的社会与文化意义。三者相互交织,共同构成了地质公园科普旅游的理论内涵。
从核心内容来看,地质公园科普旅游作为一个复杂的系统,“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”是构成这一系统的4个关键环节。它们之间形成了相互联系的动态循环,构成了地质公园科普旅游的核心理论框架。
供给子系统作为地质公园科普旅游的基础支撑,涵盖资源开发与保护、产品设计与合作机制的构建。研究普遍强调生态优先、科学规划原则,主张在保护生态系统结构与功能的前提下,科学开发旅游与科普资源。同时,产品设计研究应注重多维体验的构建,通过感官、情感、知识和互动等多层次满足游客需求,还需兼顾环境友好性、资源保护性和生态平衡性,确保可持续发展。供给子系统还需考虑跨学科、跨区域合作机制的建立,在地质学、旅游学、生态学、教育学、传播学等学科交叉领域中,推动不同学科间的融合与互补,拓展多部门、多区域合作的模式,并借鉴国际经验,为本土发展路径提供理论指导。
价值传递子系统是连接供给与需求子系统的桥梁,其核心在于多维价值的传递和路径的有效构建。为此,该子系统的构建需围绕以下3个关键环节展开:①价值识别与整合。地质公园的价值呈现多维属性,涵盖社会(如科普教育与环保意识提升)、文化(如文化遗产保护与传承)和生态(如可持续发展实践)3个层面,系统的设计必须兼顾并整合这三大价值,确保其在传递过程中保持平衡与协同。②传递路径构建。路径构建应从空间、实践与技术3个维度入手,通过合理的空间布局、功能分区、科普时间安排以及现代技术手段(如VR和AR)的引入,提高价值传播的效果与参与度,实现科普教育手段现代化和多样化。③效果评估与动态优化。通过构建包含量化指标、综合模型和动态监测机制的评价体系,实现对传递效果的科学评估与反馈,确保价值的持续性与有效性。整体而言,价值传递子系统通过多维价值的整合与路径的科学设计,推动地质公园科普旅游的可持续发展。
需求子系统的研究框架应从市场细分、游客行为以及感知反馈3个维度展开,旨在深入了解游客的多元需求,推动地质公园科普旅游的精准开发与发展。①在市场细分方面,可依据年龄、教育背景、旅游动机等因素对游客进行分类,从而提供更具针对性的科普产品。这一过程不仅要关注游客对自然景观的兴趣,还要考虑其对科学知识的需求和接受度,从而为不同群体量身定制科普体验。②在游客行为方面,研究聚焦于旅游者心理与动机、行为与决策以及旅游的后续影响。了解游客选择地质公园的内在动因,以及他们在决策过程中的偏好与影响因素,有助于优化旅游产品的推广与宣传策略,提升游客的参与度与满意度。③在感知反馈方面,关注游客在科普教育中的知识获得、资源环境保护意识的增强和整体体验质量,同时衡量科普旅游整体满意度。通过综合考量游客的科普教育效果与旅游体验,能够为科普旅游产品的改造与创新提供量化依据,确保科普旅游的持续吸引力与社会效益。
参与子系统涉及多方利益相关者的协同与互动,强调了各方在科普旅游中的参与和作用。①明确参与主体。研究应首先识别核心利益相关者,分析不同群体之间的互动和潜在冲突。利益相关者包括政府、地质公园管理机构、科研机构、旅游经营者、当地社区和游客等,这些群体在科普旅游中的角色和诉求各异,彼此之间的互动需要被系统地识别和协调,尤其是在冲突管理方面。②厘清参与方式。研究需探讨利益相关者的参与模式,可着重从信息传递与协作参与两个层面展开。信息传递的有效性和透明度是利益相关者信任水平与合作意向的重要表征;协作参与则需比较不同层级主体(如地方政府、科研机构、社区、游客等)在参与深度与形式上的差异。③完善运行机制。研究需致力于构建参与子系统的长效运行机制,特别是在利益分配、社区赋权和冲突解决等方面。利益分配机制应研究如何确保各方能够公平合理地分享资源和收益,增强其对地质公园科普旅游的认同感和积极性;社区赋权应侧重于提升社区在科普旅游决策与实施过程中的参与能力,促进其由被动参与向主动共建转变;而冲突解决机制则需探讨为利益相关者提供公正的争议调解途径,保证科普旅游活动的可持续性。
目前,国内外学者已在“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”这一核心要素链上积累了较为丰富的研究成果。然而,在特定国情背景下,如何应对快速变化的科技环境并创新科普传播方式,仍然是值得深入探讨的关键问题。依据政策指引,地质公园科普旅游的未来研究可从以下5个方面进行深化:
(1)聚焦中国特色政策语境下的理论建构与模式提炼。在生态文明建设与高质量发展战略引领下,中国地质公园科普旅游应积极回应国家在地质遗产保护、科普教育和生态旅游方面的政策导向。未来研究不应止于与战略文件的宏观对接,而应深入挖掘中国特色制度、社会文化背景与区域治理逻辑下的理论生成路径。这不仅有助于解释我国资源保护与利用的实践逻辑,也为国际比较研究提供本土化的理论样本。例如,如何基于国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,发展兼顾科普传播与公众教育功能的中国特色地质公园管理体制?在全民科学素养提升工程背景下,如何构建契合中国教育实践的地质科普内容传播机制?此外,需进一步关注不同地域地质类型、民族文化与政策执行差异对科普旅游模式选择的影响,从而推动具有本土适配性、理论引领性和政策响应性的本土化研究体系。
(2)探索生态与行为调适机制视角下地质公园科普旅游的可持续发展路径。地质公园科普旅游作为生态保护与科学普及双重驱动的融合模式,其可持续发展面临生态环境承载压力与游客体验需求之间的双重张力。未来研究应聚焦“生态保护目标与游客行为模式如何协调”这一核心问题,具体可从以下方向展开:①探索地质公园内不同区域的生态敏感性与科普活动的空间适配机制,识别生态阈值与行为边界之间的耦合关系;②基于环境心理学与行为干预理论,研究科普解说如何塑造游客环境责任感;③借助游客行为追踪、空间行为建模等方法,动态监测与评估游客活动对生态系统的潜在影响,并优化管理干预策略。通过构建生态承载与行为调控的动态反馈模型,可以将资源承载阈值与旅游需求调节机制有效衔接,为实现生态与科普协同发展的系统治理提供理论支撑与实践路径。
(3)基于智慧传播的游客科普体验生成机制建构研究。当前,VR、AR等智能技术正日益重塑旅游场景与科普传播方式。未来研究应围绕“游客如何在智慧环境中生成对地质知识的认知体验”这一核心问题展开,从传播介质(媒介类型)、情境交互(互动形式)、感知路径(信息接受方式)与反馈机制(行为参与)4个维度构建科普体验的生成逻辑。例如,可以探讨“沉浸式感官刺激是否促进地质知识的认知加工”“游客在参与式解说中形成怎样的自我解释机制”等问题,构建以认知—情感—行为为核心路径的生成模型。通过这一机制建构,可为智慧科普内容设计、游客行为预测与科普效果评估提供理论支撑。
(4)基于共建共享理念的社区协同机制与知识共创路径研究。地质公园作为兼具科学教育、生态保护与社区发展的复合空间,其高质量发展离不开社区的积极协同。未来研究应从“社区如何参与并共创地质公园科普传播体系”出发,推动社区协同机制与资源共享模式的系统创新。具体可聚焦以下两个问题:①研究如何设计适配社区能力结构的激励机制,促进居民在导览、讲解、遗产转化等环节中的有效参与;②探索政府、社区、科研机构之间的资源共享与共管平台建设,提升信息、设备、人才等要素的协同效率。通过构建参与—激励—共创—共享的社区协同逻辑,可有效激发社区主体能动性,推动地质公园科普旅游迈向共建共治共享的发展新阶段。
(5)推进理论与方法的跨学科整合,强化实证与技术创新的深度融合。未来研究应从多学科交叉走向跨学科深度融合,在理论层面推动地质学与旅游学、认知心理学、传播学的系统对话;在方法层面则应注重前沿技术的嵌入,如利用行为追踪、脑电感应等手段刻画游客真实的科普接收路径,结合人工智能算法提升游客画像与内容适配精准度。同时,应鼓励构建复合型研究设计(如混合方法、系统动力学建模、实验与深度访谈结合等),提升对地质公园复杂人—地—媒介交互关系的整体把握能力。这将有助于推动地质公园科普旅游研究从学科并置走向理论整合、机制建构、实证创新的综合发展新阶段。
总体来看,地质公园科普旅游的研究伴随世界地质公园体系的发展不断演进。既有研究围绕资源开发、解说体系、游客感知与社区参与等议题展开,形成了较为系统的研究脉络,为理解地质公园科普旅游的运行逻辑提供了重要基础。在此基础上,中国相关研究与国际研究趋势保持总体一致,并在国家地质公园体系建设与科普实践推动下不断丰富本土经验。然而,现有研究在概念内涵、核心要素阐释以及方法体系构建方面仍有提升空间,尚未形成具有较强解释力和可推广性的研究范式。基于此,本文从“供给—价值传递—需求—参与”核心要素链出发,构建了一个可用于理解地质公园科普旅游研究的分析框架,并进一步回应中国情境下的研究方向。面向未来,随着中国国家自然保护地体系的完善、科普政策的持续推进以及旅游高质量的发展,地质公园科普旅游有望在科学传播方式、公众参与机制与治理模式等方面实现新的突破,其研究亦需在理论深化与方法融合中不断拓展,以更好地服务于自然遗产保护与社会可持续发展的共同目标。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0809303)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42271248)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42001243)
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2026年第48卷第2期
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doi: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.03
  • 接收时间:2025-02-03
  • 首发时间:2026-07-08
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-03
  • 修回日期:2025-07-01
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0809303)
国家自然科学基金项目(42271248)
国家自然科学基金项目(42001243)
作者信息
    1 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
    2 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
    3 北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院, 北京 100024

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刘家明,男,河南信阳人,研究员,研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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