Article(id=1281627227225834133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.18402/resci.2026.02.12, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1750089600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-17, revisedDate=1761753600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783493342452, onlineDateStr=2026-07-08, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783493342452, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783493342452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783493342452, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281627217587310752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, year='2026', volume='48', issue='2', pageStart='289', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783493340155, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783507652191, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281687246705242510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281687246705242511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=456, endPage=471, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281627227427160726, articleId=1281627227225834133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, language=EN, title=Impact of flagship species promotion in national parks on public perception of national ecological image and travel intention: A case study of Giant Panda National Park, columnId=1281627218354868385, journalTitle=Resources Science, columnName=Cultural and Tourism Development and Recreational Experience, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] Flagship species, as the most communicative ecological symbols of national parks, are important media for conveying the values of ecological civilization and shaping the national ecological image. This study aims to explore the influence mechanisms of flagship species promotion in national parks on public perception of the national ecological image and tourists’ behavioral intention. [Methods] Based on the cultivation theory and the cognition-affect-conation pattern, this study constructed a “communication contact-cognitive input-emotional response-behavioral output” model. Using the Giant Panda National Park as the case study and the giant panda as the flagship species for promotion, data were collected via an online questionnaire from April to May 2025 to test the research hypothesis. [Results] (1) Compared with publicity without flagship species, the promotion of flagship species in national parks could significantly and positively enhance the public perception of the national ecological image. (2) Perception of the national ecological image could significantly affect tourists’ behavioral intention, with emotional connection playing a notable mediating role between perception of the national ecological image and tourists’ behavioral intention. (3) Anthropocentric values weakened the positive impact of national ecological image perception on travel intention. [Conclusion] Flagship species promotion in national parks significantly enhances public perception of the national ecological image, which can directly enhance the public’s willingness to travel to national parks and indirectly enhance their willingness to travel through the intermediary of emotional connection. Therefore, some national parks can develop core flagship species and promote them, and on this basis, further strengthen individuals’ emotional connection, so as to promote the national ecological image in a way that appeals to emotion. Additionally, efforts should focus on cultivating values that transcend anthropocentrism, thereby laying a sustainable value foundation for continuous advancement of ecological civilization.

, authors=Duo YIN1, 2, 3, Wenli WANG1, 2, 3, Jie HE2, 4, authorsList=Duo YIN, Wenli WANG, Jie HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281627228521874077, articleId=1281627227225834133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, language=CN, title=国家公园旗舰物种宣传对公众国家生态形象认知及旅游意愿的影响——以大熊猫国家公园为例, columnId=1281627218501669027, journalTitle=资源科学, columnName=文旅发展与游憩体验, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】旗舰物种作为国家公园最具传播力的生态符号,是传递生态文明价值、塑造国家生态形象的重要媒介。本文旨在探讨国家公园旗舰物种宣传对国家生态形象认知及游客行为意愿的影响机制。【方法】本文基于涵化理论与认知-情感-意动理论,构建“传播接触-认知输入-情感响应-行为输出”模型,以大熊猫国家公园为研究案例地,将大熊猫作为旗舰物种宣传对象展开研究,并于2025年4—5月通过线上问卷收集数据,据此检验研究假设。【结果】①相比于没有旗舰物种的宣传,大熊猫国家公园对旗舰物种的宣传能够显著正向提升公众对国家生态形象的认知;②国家生态形象认知能够显著影响游客的行为意愿,情感联结在国家生态形象认知与游客行为意愿的中介作用明显;③人类中心主义价值观会削弱国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的积极影响。【结论】国家公园对旗舰物种的宣传可显著提升公众对国家生态形象的认知,该认知能够直接提升公众前往国家公园旅游的意愿,也可通过情感联结的中介作用间接增强其旅游意愿。因此,部分国家公园可以打造核心旗舰物种并进行宣传,在此基础上进一步强化个体的情感联结,在国家生态形象的推广上做到“动之以情”;同时,应着力培育超越人类中心主义的价值观念,为推进生态文明建设奠定可持续的价值内核。

, authors=尹铎1, 2, 3, 王文利1, 2, 3, 何洁2, 4, authorsList=尹铎, 王文利, 何洁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何洁, authorNote=

尹铎,男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与社会文化地理。E-mail:

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何洁,女,湖南桃江人,博士,副教授,研究方向为旅游管理。E-mail:
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尹铎,男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与社会文化地理。E-mail:

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尹铎,男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与社会文化地理。E-mail:

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Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 2019, 6(12): 250-257., articleTitle=Potentiality of pangolin based ecotourism in Chuchhekhola Community Forest, Makawanpur, Nepal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627246733542204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=42, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=91, authorNames=魏宝祥, 于奎双, journalName=旅游学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏宝祥, 于奎双. 图文或视频: 社交媒体旅游信息形式对旅游意愿的影响[J]. 旅游学刊, 2025, 40(6): 42-54., articleTitle=图文或视频: 社交媒体旅游信息形式对旅游意愿的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627246842594109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=42, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=92, authorNames=Wei B X, Yu K S, journalName=Tourism Tribune, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[ Wei B X, Yu K S. 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Research variables and questions

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变量 题项
国家生态形象
认知
I1:中国始终坚持人与自然和谐共生的理念
I2:中国重视生态保护
I3:中国主动承担国际环保责任
I4:中国引领全球生态治理,展现了大国担当
I5:中国采取了强有力的生态保护措施
I6:中国为生态保护作出了巨大贡献
情感联结 E1:我感觉自己与国家公园紧密联系在了一起
E2:我感觉自己属于国家公园
E3:我对国家公园有种依恋之情
E4:我非常喜欢国家公园
旅游意愿 T1:我一定会去国家公园旅游
T2:去国家公园旅游已经在筹划中
T3:我会推荐我的亲朋好友去国家公园旅游
人类中心主义价值观 V1:我认为将野生动物用于生物医学实验是合理的
V2:我认为观赏野生动物表演比如写字、画画、杂技表演非常有趣
V3:动物之所以存在,首先是因为要为人类所用
), ArticleFig(id=1281627233106248401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究变量与题项

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变量 题项
国家生态形象
认知
I1:中国始终坚持人与自然和谐共生的理念
I2:中国重视生态保护
I3:中国主动承担国际环保责任
I4:中国引领全球生态治理,展现了大国担当
I5:中国采取了强有力的生态保护措施
I6:中国为生态保护作出了巨大贡献
情感联结 E1:我感觉自己与国家公园紧密联系在了一起
E2:我感觉自己属于国家公园
E3:我对国家公园有种依恋之情
E4:我非常喜欢国家公园
旅游意愿 T1:我一定会去国家公园旅游
T2:去国家公园旅游已经在筹划中
T3:我会推荐我的亲朋好友去国家公园旅游
人类中心主义价值观 V1:我认为将野生动物用于生物医学实验是合理的
V2:我认为观赏野生动物表演比如写字、画画、杂技表演非常有趣
V3:动物之所以存在,首先是因为要为人类所用
), ArticleFig(id=1281627233202717394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sample demographic characteristics

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变量 特征 实验一 实验二 变量 特征 实验一 实验二
总频数
比例/%
总频数
比例/%
总频数
比例/%
总频数
比例/%
性别 男性 51 45.95 161 44.48 月收入
水平/元
≤2000 19 17.12 70 19.34
女性 60 54.05 201 55.52 2001~5000 46 41.44 126 34.81
年龄/岁 ≤19 4 3.60 9 2.49 5001~8000 35 31.53 122 33.70
20~29 38 34.23 158 43.65 8001~15000 11 9.91 36 9.94
30~39 55 49.55 143 39.50 ≥15001 0 0 8 2.21
40~49 9 8.11 38 10.50 职业 学生 9 8.11 48 13.26
50~59 4 3.60 11 3.04 政府工作者 8 7.21 33 9.12
≥60 1 0.90 3 0.83 企事业单位工作者 21 18.92 101 27.90
受教育
程度
初中及以下 15 13.51 39 10.77 个体经营者 22 19.82 49 13.54
高中及中专 46 41.44 106 29.28 自由职业者 39 35.14 78 21.55
大专及本科 49 44.14 191 52.76 农民/工人 10 9.00 31 8.56
硕士及以上 1 0.90 26 7.18 军人 0 0 1 0.28
离退休人员 0 0 3 0.83
其他 2 1.80 18 4.97
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样本人口特征

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变量 特征 实验一 实验二 变量 特征 实验一 实验二
总频数
比例/%
总频数
比例/%
总频数
比例/%
总频数
比例/%
性别 男性 51 45.95 161 44.48 月收入
水平/元
≤2000 19 17.12 70 19.34
女性 60 54.05 201 55.52 2001~5000 46 41.44 126 34.81
年龄/岁 ≤19 4 3.60 9 2.49 5001~8000 35 31.53 122 33.70
20~29 38 34.23 158 43.65 8001~15000 11 9.91 36 9.94
30~39 55 49.55 143 39.50 ≥15001 0 0 8 2.21
40~49 9 8.11 38 10.50 职业 学生 9 8.11 48 13.26
50~59 4 3.60 11 3.04 政府工作者 8 7.21 33 9.12
≥60 1 0.90 3 0.83 企事业单位工作者 21 18.92 101 27.90
受教育
程度
初中及以下 15 13.51 39 10.77 个体经营者 22 19.82 49 13.54
高中及中专 46 41.44 106 29.28 自由职业者 39 35.14 78 21.55
大专及本科 49 44.14 191 52.76 农民/工人 10 9.00 31 8.56
硕士及以上 1 0.90 26 7.18 军人 0 0 1 0.28
离退休人员 0 0 3 0.83
其他 2 1.80 18 4.97
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Reliability and validity test results

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变量与题项 因子载荷 均值 标准差 Cronbach’s α系数 组合信度 平均萃取方差
国家生态形象认知 0.836 0.840 0.550
I1:中国始终坚持人与自然和谐共生的理念 0.654 4.44 0.754
I2:中国重视生态保护 0.766 4.12 0.868
I3:中国主动承担国际环保责任 0.710 4.28 0.784
I4:中国引领全球生态治理,展现了大国担当 0.771 4.18 0.875
I5:中国采取了强有力的生态保护措施 0.736 4.27 0.874
I6:中国为生态保护作出了巨大贡献 0.803 4.20 0.898
情感联结 0.754 0.759 0.577
E1:我感觉自己与国家公园紧密联系在了一起 0.778 3.97 0.967
E2:我感觉自己属于国家公园 0.802 3.86 0.969
E3:我对国家公园有种依恋之情 0.778 3.86 1.012
E4:我非常喜欢国家公园 0.674 4.00 0.931
旅游意愿 0.688 0.693 0.617
T1:我一定会去国家公园旅游 0.752 4.05 0.936
T2:去国家公园旅游已经在筹划中 0.776 3.92 0.961
T3:我会推荐我的亲朋好友去国家公园旅游 0.827 4.02 0.920
人类中心主义价值观 0.790 0.798 0.706
V1:我认为将野生动物用于生物医学实验是合理的 0.846 3.68 1.183
V2:我认为观赏野生动物表演比如写字、画画、杂技表演非常有趣 0.803 3.63 1.221
V3:动物之所以存在,首先是因为要为人类所用 0.870 3.55 1.337
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信度与效度检验结果

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变量与题项 因子载荷 均值 标准差 Cronbach’s α系数 组合信度 平均萃取方差
国家生态形象认知 0.836 0.840 0.550
I1:中国始终坚持人与自然和谐共生的理念 0.654 4.44 0.754
I2:中国重视生态保护 0.766 4.12 0.868
I3:中国主动承担国际环保责任 0.710 4.28 0.784
I4:中国引领全球生态治理,展现了大国担当 0.771 4.18 0.875
I5:中国采取了强有力的生态保护措施 0.736 4.27 0.874
I6:中国为生态保护作出了巨大贡献 0.803 4.20 0.898
情感联结 0.754 0.759 0.577
E1:我感觉自己与国家公园紧密联系在了一起 0.778 3.97 0.967
E2:我感觉自己属于国家公园 0.802 3.86 0.969
E3:我对国家公园有种依恋之情 0.778 3.86 1.012
E4:我非常喜欢国家公园 0.674 4.00 0.931
旅游意愿 0.688 0.693 0.617
T1:我一定会去国家公园旅游 0.752 4.05 0.936
T2:去国家公园旅游已经在筹划中 0.776 3.92 0.961
T3:我会推荐我的亲朋好友去国家公园旅游 0.827 4.02 0.920
人类中心主义价值观 0.790 0.798 0.706
V1:我认为将野生动物用于生物医学实验是合理的 0.846 3.68 1.183
V2:我认为观赏野生动物表演比如写字、画画、杂技表演非常有趣 0.803 3.63 1.221
V3:动物之所以存在,首先是因为要为人类所用 0.870 3.55 1.337
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Descriptive statistics of variables and correlation analysis between variables

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变量 均值 标准差 国家生态形象认知 情感联结 旅游意愿 人类中心主义价值观
国家生态形象认知 4.250 0.626 1
情感联结 3.924 0.736 0.474** 1
旅游意愿 3.995 0.737 0.521** 0.749** 1
人类中心主义价值观 3.620 1.048 0.034 0.445** 0.317** 1
), ArticleFig(id=1281627235153068759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各变量的描述性统计结果及变量间的相关分析

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变量 均值 标准差 国家生态形象认知 情感联结 旅游意愿 人类中心主义价值观
国家生态形象认知 4.250 0.626 1
情感联结 3.924 0.736 0.474** 1
旅游意愿 3.995 0.737 0.521** 0.749** 1
人类中心主义价值观 3.620 1.048 0.034 0.445** 0.317** 1
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Hierarchical regression results

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因变量 自变量 R R2 调整后R2 F β t
国家生态形象认知 性别 0.161 0.026 0.012 1.905 0.037 0.690
年龄 -0.083 -1.508
受教育程度 0.131 2.247*
月收入水平 -0.042 -0.772
职业 0.050 0.851
情感联结 性别 0.577 0.333 0.321 29.491*** 0.034 0.775
年龄 0.033 0.731
受教育程度 -0.262 -5.364***
月收入水平 0.174 3.847***
职业 0.063 1.295
国家生态形象认知 0.515 11.724***
旅游意愿 性别 0.778 0.605 0.598 77.600*** -0.014 -0.408
年龄 -0.057 -1.626
受教育程度 -0.011 -0.275
月收入水平 0.059 1.661
职业 -0.052 -1.397
国家生态形象认知 0.209 5.249***
情感联结 0.653 15.984***
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阶层回归分析结果

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因变量 自变量 R R2 调整后R2 F β t
国家生态形象认知 性别 0.161 0.026 0.012 1.905 0.037 0.690
年龄 -0.083 -1.508
受教育程度 0.131 2.247*
月收入水平 -0.042 -0.772
职业 0.050 0.851
情感联结 性别 0.577 0.333 0.321 29.491*** 0.034 0.775
年龄 0.033 0.731
受教育程度 -0.262 -5.364***
月收入水平 0.174 3.847***
职业 0.063 1.295
国家生态形象认知 0.515 11.724***
旅游意愿 性别 0.778 0.605 0.598 77.600*** -0.014 -0.408
年龄 -0.057 -1.626
受教育程度 -0.011 -0.275
月收入水平 0.059 1.661
职业 -0.052 -1.397
国家生态形象认知 0.209 5.249***
情感联结 0.653 15.984***
), ArticleFig(id=1281627235366978266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Mediating effect test results

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Model 4 标准化效应值 标准误 Bootstrap95%CI 效应占比/%
下限 上限
总效应 0.5212 0.0450 0.4327 0.6096 100.0
直接效应 0.2143 0.0381 0.1394 0.2891 41.1
间接效应 0.3069 0.0444 0.2220 0.3952 58.9
), ArticleFig(id=1281627235450864347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model 4 标准化效应值 标准误 Bootstrap95%CI 效应占比/%
下限 上限
总效应 0.5212 0.0450 0.4327 0.6096 100.0
直接效应 0.2143 0.0381 0.1394 0.2891 41.1
间接效应 0.3069 0.0444 0.2220 0.3952 58.9
), ArticleFig(id=1281627235526361820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Moderated mediating effect test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model 8 直接效应 间接效应 总效应
低人类中心主义价值观 0.286*** 0.301*** 0.587*
高人类中心主义价值观 0.063 0.255*** 0.318
差异量 -0.223 -0.046 -0.269
), ArticleFig(id=1281627235597664989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627227225834133, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

有调节的中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model 8 直接效应 间接效应 总效应
低人类中心主义价值观 0.286*** 0.301*** 0.587*
高人类中心主义价值观 0.063 0.255*** 0.318
差异量 -0.223 -0.046 -0.269
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国家公园旗舰物种宣传对公众国家生态形象认知及旅游意愿的影响——以大熊猫国家公园为例
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尹铎 1, 2, 3 , 王文利 1, 2, 3 , 何洁 2, 4
资源科学 | 文旅发展与游憩体验 2026,48(2): 456-471
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国家公园旗舰物种宣传对公众国家生态形象认知及旅游意愿的影响——以大熊猫国家公园为例
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3 粤港澳大湾区移民治理与城市发展智库, 广州 510006, bio={"content":"

尹铎,男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与社会文化地理。E-mail:

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尹铎,男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与社会文化地理。E-mail:

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尹铎1, 2, 3 , 王文利1, 2, 3, 何洁2, 4
作者信息
  • 1 广州大学地理科学与遥感学院, 广州 510006
  • 2 广州大学华南人文地理与城市发展研究中心, 广州 510006
  • 3 粤港澳大湾区移民治理与城市发展智库, 广州 510006
  • 4 广州大学管理学院, 广州 510006
通讯作者:
何洁,女,湖南桃江人,博士,副教授,研究方向为旅游管理。E-mail:
作者简介:

尹铎,男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与社会文化地理。E-mail:

Impact of flagship species promotion in national parks on public perception of national ecological image and travel intention: A case study of Giant Panda National Park
Duo YIN1, 2, 3 , Wenli WANG1, 2, 3, Jie HE2, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2 Research Center for Human Geography and Urban Development in Southern China, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 3 Think Tank for Migration Governance and Urban Development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 4 School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.12
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【目的】旗舰物种作为国家公园最具传播力的生态符号,是传递生态文明价值、塑造国家生态形象的重要媒介。本文旨在探讨国家公园旗舰物种宣传对国家生态形象认知及游客行为意愿的影响机制。【方法】本文基于涵化理论与认知-情感-意动理论,构建“传播接触-认知输入-情感响应-行为输出”模型,以大熊猫国家公园为研究案例地,将大熊猫作为旗舰物种宣传对象展开研究,并于2025年4—5月通过线上问卷收集数据,据此检验研究假设。【结果】①相比于没有旗舰物种的宣传,大熊猫国家公园对旗舰物种的宣传能够显著正向提升公众对国家生态形象的认知;②国家生态形象认知能够显著影响游客的行为意愿,情感联结在国家生态形象认知与游客行为意愿的中介作用明显;③人类中心主义价值观会削弱国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的积极影响。【结论】国家公园对旗舰物种的宣传可显著提升公众对国家生态形象的认知,该认知能够直接提升公众前往国家公园旅游的意愿,也可通过情感联结的中介作用间接增强其旅游意愿。因此,部分国家公园可以打造核心旗舰物种并进行宣传,在此基础上进一步强化个体的情感联结,在国家生态形象的推广上做到“动之以情”;同时,应着力培育超越人类中心主义的价值观念,为推进生态文明建设奠定可持续的价值内核。

旗舰物种  /  国家生态形象  /  旅游意愿  /  情感联结  /  生态文明  /  大熊猫国家公园

[Objective] Flagship species, as the most communicative ecological symbols of national parks, are important media for conveying the values of ecological civilization and shaping the national ecological image. This study aims to explore the influence mechanisms of flagship species promotion in national parks on public perception of the national ecological image and tourists’ behavioral intention. [Methods] Based on the cultivation theory and the cognition-affect-conation pattern, this study constructed a “communication contact-cognitive input-emotional response-behavioral output” model. Using the Giant Panda National Park as the case study and the giant panda as the flagship species for promotion, data were collected via an online questionnaire from April to May 2025 to test the research hypothesis. [Results] (1) Compared with publicity without flagship species, the promotion of flagship species in national parks could significantly and positively enhance the public perception of the national ecological image. (2) Perception of the national ecological image could significantly affect tourists’ behavioral intention, with emotional connection playing a notable mediating role between perception of the national ecological image and tourists’ behavioral intention. (3) Anthropocentric values weakened the positive impact of national ecological image perception on travel intention. [Conclusion] Flagship species promotion in national parks significantly enhances public perception of the national ecological image, which can directly enhance the public’s willingness to travel to national parks and indirectly enhance their willingness to travel through the intermediary of emotional connection. Therefore, some national parks can develop core flagship species and promote them, and on this basis, further strengthen individuals’ emotional connection, so as to promote the national ecological image in a way that appeals to emotion. Additionally, efforts should focus on cultivating values that transcend anthropocentrism, thereby laying a sustainable value foundation for continuous advancement of ecological civilization.

flagship species  /  national ecological image  /  travel intention  /  emotional connection  /  ecological civilization  /  Giant Panda National Park
尹铎, 王文利, 何洁. 国家公园旗舰物种宣传对公众国家生态形象认知及旅游意愿的影响——以大熊猫国家公园为例. 资源科学, 2026 , 48 (2) : 456 -471 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.12
Duo YIN, Wenli WANG, Jie HE. Impact of flagship species promotion in national parks on public perception of national ecological image and travel intention: A case study of Giant Panda National Park[J]. Resources Science, 2026 , 48 (2) : 456 -471 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.12
自20世纪中叶以来,伴随全球范围内大规模的工业化推进与人口的持续增长,环境污染、气候变化与生态系统退化等问题日益凸显,人类正面临前所未有的生态安全危机[1,2]。IPBES(生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台)在其2019年发布的《生物多样性和生态系统服务全球评估报告》中强调,目前全球约百万物种面临灭绝风险,生物多样性丧失与生态系统退化正直接威胁全球可持续发展目标的实现[3]。在此背景下,我国生态安全与生态文明建设的重要性日益凸显,不仅成为可持续发展的关键基础,更上升至国家战略层面,成为建设美丽中国的重要内容。
建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系作为生态文明建设的主要内容,是推进自然生态保护、建设美丽中国、促进人与自然和谐共生的重大战略举措[4]。2021年我国首批国家公园正式设立以来,已在生态系统保护和旗舰物种种群恢复方面取得了显著成效。但是,国家公园的重要意义不仅限于生物多样性保护等生态层面,还在于其承载的塑造国家形象的重要使命[5-7]。中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅发布的《建立国家公园体制总体方案》明确指出,国家公园“具有国家象征,代表国家形象,彰显中华文明”,这一方案从制度层面揭示了国家公园在国家形象传播体系中的重要作用。国家公园通过其展现的国家生态治理成果与保护实践,向国内外公众传递着中国生态文明建设的成就与价值理念,成为展示国家生态形象的重要窗口。然而,当前国家公园难以精准地向公众传递国家形象,导致公众对国家形象的认知不够全面和深入[8]。同时,在国际交流中,国家公园也未能充分发挥其展示国家形象的功能,很可能影响国家形象在国际社会的传播与推广。因此,亟须开展深入研究,以揭示国家公园在塑造与传播国家形象中的作用机制,充分挖掘其在国家形象构建中的潜力。
国家生态形象作为国家形象新兴的子领域,是国家形象在生态维度的体现。在气候变化、生态危机的背景下,国家生态形象成为国家“软实力”的重要组成部分,直接影响国际舆论与国家间的政治、经济交往[9]。当前,我国国家生态形象的建构具有“自塑”与“他塑”两种途径。在早期阶段,“他塑”占据主导地位,部分国家或媒体将中国塑造为“要发展不要环境”“世界上最大的污染者”等负面形象,导致公众对我国真实的国家生态形象认知存在偏差与欠缺[10]。而国家公园作为中国进行生态形象“自塑”的一个重要手段,作为彰显中国生态文明建设的一个重要场所,探究其对公众国家生态形象认知的影响具有重要意义。
旗舰物种作为兼顾超凡魅力与生态价值的特殊物种,往往是国家公园宣传的重要对象,也是吸引众多游客前往国家公园参与生态旅游及游憩活动的重要因素[11]。其独特的外形与生态价值能够促进公众与其产生情感共鸣,激发社会公众对其生存状况及生态系统的广泛关注,进而提升公众对特定物种及其栖息地的认知、情感与态度,推动保护决策与行为的积极转变[12,13]。例如,印度尼西亚科莫多国家公园以科莫多巨蜥为旗舰物种开展生态旅游,显著提升了当地公众的生态保护意识[14]。类似地,神农架保护区开展以川金丝猴为旗舰物种的旅游项目后,政府部门对生物多样性保护的重视程度明显提升,投入经费也大幅增加[15]。这些案例表明,旗舰物种在生态认知塑造与行为引导方面具有显著作用,但其对国家形象建构、旅游行为决策的具体影响机制仍需深入探讨。
因此,在国家公园的宣传实践中,以旗舰物种为宣传重点是否能够塑造公众对国家生态形象的认知,以及公众对国家生态形象的认知如何通过情感上的联结转化为国家公园旅游意愿,成为亟待探究的重要问题。本文以大熊猫国家公园为例,以旗舰物种大熊猫为宣传切入点,基于涵化理论与认知-情感-意动理论,构建“传播接触-认知输入-情感响应-行为输出”的研究模型,深入探讨国家公园借助旗舰物种进行宣传如何影响公众对国家生态形象的认知及其国家公园旅游意愿的内在机制。本文旨在探究国家公园旗舰物种在塑造国家生态形象中的作用,揭示国家公园宣传策略在传递国家生态形象以及驱动公众旅游意愿方面的内在逻辑,以期为国家公园宣传策略的优化、可持续发展以及生态文明建设提供理论支持与实践参考。
涵化理论(Cultivation Theory)是传播学的重要理论之一,由Gerbner等[16]提出。该理论早期主要研究电视等大众媒体对观众长期认知和态度的影响,其核心观点是:长期接触媒体内容会潜移默化“培养”观众对现实世界的认知,使其更接近媒体所描绘的“象征性现实”,而非客观现实。如Gerbner[17]指出,电视节目中大量的暴力内容会影响人们对现实生活环境危险性的感知,观看电视时间越长的人,其社会不安感越强烈。随着互联网与数字技术的革新发展,在线社交平台、短视频等新媒体的崛起导致媒介传播形式的深刻转变。传统电视的垄断地位被逐步消解,新媒体已跃升为当下信息传播与社交互动的核心载体。新媒体时代下,大数据技术精准推送与受众原有认知相符的信息,强化了认知固化。研究表明,新媒体对受众认知的塑造作用相比传统媒体更强,且更易形成群体性的价值观偏移或行为偏差[18,19]。因此,在涵化理论视域下,国家公园针对旗舰物种展开的宣传,能够有效塑造公众的国家生态形象认知。
认知-情感-意动理论(Cognition-Affect-Conation Pattern,CAC)源于心理学和行为学领域对个体决策机制的探索。该理论的思想源头可追溯至18世纪,德国的教育心理学将心理活动划分为认知(Cognitive)、情感(Affective)和意动(Conative)3个层次[20]。其中,认知是指个体对某一特定事物的感知与评价;情感是个体对感知、信息所产生的感受或情绪;意动是个体打算采取的行动或决策。认知-情感-意动理论的核心在于3个维度的动态关系,认知为情感和意动提供了基础,情感传导了认知和意动之间的联系,而意动是认知和情感的结果和表现形式。
自20世纪后期起,Gartner[21]将CAC理论引入旅游研究,提出目的地形象由认知、情感、意动这3个相互关联的要素组成。此后,Baloglu等[22]和Agapito等[23]通过模型验证了认知形象与情感形象对意动形象的影响,以及情感形象在认知形象和意动形象中的中介作用。同时,CAC理论还被广泛应用于消费者行为[24]与环境行为[25]等方面的研究。例如:Huang等[26]研究发现消费者对机器人的认知评价会显著影响其情绪,并进一步影响其接受意向。谢凯宁等[27]构建了环境情感与环境认知的行为理论分析框架,指出农村居民的生活垃圾集中处理支付意愿与其环境情感和环境认知存在显著的正相关关系,其环境认知水平越高,环境情感越强烈,其生活垃圾集中处理支付意愿就越强。目前,认知-情感-意动理论主要被应用于探究人类认知机制、情绪演变、动机形成及行为决策的过程。
因此,认知-情感-意动理论为国家公园旗舰物种宣传影响公众生态形象认知及旅游意愿的研究提供了适切的理论框架。本文通过构建“传播接触-认知输入-情感响应-行为输出”的模型,探析公众对国家生态形象的认知能否有效促进其与大熊猫国家公园的情感联结,并进一步转化为旅游意愿。
国家形象的塑造与传播离不开大众传媒的作用[28]。大众传媒通过信息传播、舆论引导等多种方式,持续向公众传递关于国家的多维度信息,从而在公众心目中“投影”出国家形象[29]。例如,部分国际媒体会通过选择性的叙事框架,将他国塑造为某种特定的结构性角色,从而影响公众对其国际形象的认知[30]。在生态领域,国家生态形象的塑造同样受到大众传媒的深刻影响。例如,尽管不少外国公众对中国的环保政策、环保现状及具体问题认知较为有限,但是一些媒体的报道却使中国在外国大众视野中呈现出较为负面的环保形象[31]
国家公园作为生态保护的重要载体,在塑造国家生态形象中扮演着重要角色。国家公园通过对旗舰物种的宣传,向公众传递关于国家公园生态价值和保护成果的信息。例如,东北虎豹国家公园中东北虎数量的增长、海南热带雨林国家公园中海南长臂猿种群的扩大,都是国家生态建设取得成就的生动例证。这些旗舰物种在国家公园中的良好生存状态,能够向公众传递出积极的生态信息,从而形成对国家生态形象的正面认知。以大熊猫保护工作为例,其野外种群数量从20世纪80年代的约1100只增长至2024年的近1900只,受威胁程度也从“濒危”降为“易危”,成功为中国树立了“野生动物保护专家”和全球野生动物保护“榜样”形象[32]。相比之下,若在宣传中忽略旗舰物种,仅聚焦于生物多样性或生态系统等抽象宏观概念,其传播效能将显著削弱[33,34]。正如Lundberg等[34]在研究自然保护捐赠行为时所指出的,生态系统和生物多样性等概念因缺乏具体的指向性,令公众难以直观理解其资金将如何被运用,这无形中提高了公众的认知门槛。而面对复杂的环境保护议题,公众虽缺乏专业的生态知识,却极易对具象化的旗舰物种产生认同[35],并转移为对相关生态保护工作的认同与赞赏。据此,提出以下假设:
H1:相比于没有旗舰物种的宣传,国家公园对旗舰物种的宣传能显著正向提升公众的国家生态形象认知。
认知是意动产生的基础。旅游意愿(Travel Intention)是旅游者在特定时间内将会前往特定目的地旅游的可能性[36]。近年来,旅游领域的国家形象对旅游意愿的影响正逐渐引起众多学者的关注。如Nadeau等[37]整合了旅游目的地形象和国家形象,基于态度理论构建镶嵌模型,探讨国家形象对游客旅游意愿的影响,发现国家形象能够通过目的地形象间接影响旅游决策;张宏梅等[38]在整合国家形象和目的地形象的基础上,提出国家形象能够显著直接影响旅游意向。在此基础上,于鹏等[39]以中国潜在旅游者对韩国的国家形象感知与旅游意愿为例,通过实证研究揭示了国家认知形象能够通过国家情感形象的中介作用对潜在旅游者的旅游意向产生影响;王倩文等[40]在研究消费者敌意、消费者民族中心主义、国家形象对中国旅游者赴日旅游的影响时发现,国家形象对中国旅游者的赴日旅游意愿有显著正向影响。上述研究共同表明,国家形象是影响公众旅游意愿的重要因素。
具体到国家公园层面,尽管已有较多文献探讨其作为旅游目的地的形象对旅游意愿的影响,却鲜有研究关注国家公园如何参与塑造国家形象,以及该形象如何进一步影响公众的旅游意愿。Baker等[41]的研究认为,美国西南部的地方旅游企业通过开发与宣传大峡谷国家公园与石化森林国家公园,成功构建了美国西南部浪漫化的、神话般的形象,并显著增强了旅游吸引力。Bigart等[42]的研究认为,作为“国际和平公园”组成部分的美国冰川国家公园,其象征国家间友好关系的和平属性,能被游客有效感知,并成为驱动公众情感体验与旅游行为的关键因素。以上研究进一步支持了国家形象对国家公园层面旅游意愿具有重要影响。基于上述研究,将国家生态形象视为国家形象的重要维度,并提出以下假设:
H2:国家生态形象认知能够直接显著正向影响旅游意愿。
在认知-情感-意动的框架中,情感是认知和意动之间的关系中介。情感联结(Emotional Connection)是指个体与某个地方之间形成的情感纽带。这一概念描述了个体与特殊地方之间的积极情感联系[43],强调个体与地方之间情感层面的连接,而不仅仅是认知或身份上的关联。有学者指出,个体不仅能够与他们曾经到访过的地方建立情感联结,还可能与未曾踏足之地产生情感联系[44]。此外,通过二手信息渠道,如文字描述、图片、视频或其他人的经历,个体同样能够与一个地方产生强烈的情感[45]。如Farnum等[46]发现尽管很多美国人只通过二手渠道了解国家公园,但仍然能与这些国家公园产生强烈的情感联结。在本文的研究情景中,受访者与大熊猫国家公园之间的情感联系,正是通过这种非直接体验的方式建立起来的。因此,选择情感联结这一概念来探讨受访者与大熊猫国家公园之间的情感上的联系。
在旅游领域中,情感联结已被广泛证实为驱动游客旅游行为的关键动机之一[47]。同时,也有研究提出,游客对目的地的感知也会影响情感联结的形成,游客感知的目的地形象越积极,情感联结越强烈[43]。如Poria等[48]以阿姆斯特丹的安妮之家(Anne Frank House)为例,研究了潜在游客对遗产景点的感知与其参观动机之间的关系,研究结果表明,游客对景点与自身文化传承的关联性感知越强,其产生情感联系的动机就越强,整体的参观意愿也越强。这一结果证实了情感联结在游客对目的地形象的感知与旅游意愿之间所发挥的重要中介作用。同时,心理学中的情绪认知评价理论也为情感联结的中介作用提供了理论支持。该理论提出,个体对事件或情境的认知评价会引发不同的情绪反应,并指导后续的行为[49]。在本文的情境中,当公众通过国家公园的保护成效、生态代表性等维度形成积极的国家生态形象认知时,这一积极的认知评价便会催生与之对应的情感联结,使个体即使未亲身到访,也能通过信息传播与目的地建立起基于认同、关怀或向往的情感纽带,并驱动前往国家公园旅游的行为意向。因此,提出以下假设:
H3:情感联结在国家生态形象认知与旅游意向之间具有中介作用。
人类中心主义认为人是宇宙的中心,人是一切事物的尺度,并根据人类的价值和经验来解释或认识世界[50]。价值观是个体在长期的社会互动与环境体验中逐渐形成的一种稳定的社会认知[51]。在认知-情感-意动理论框架下,价值观作为人类已有的认知体系,对个体的情感反应和行为决策起着重要作用。研究表明,持有人类中心主义价值观的个体虽然可能会对自然保护表现出积极的共情态度[52,53],但在行为层面,人类中心主义者并未将这种情感转化为实际行动[54]。如Thompson等[50]探究了人类中心主义如何影响人们对环境问题的态度和行为,认为人类中心主义态度虽表达环境关切,却与更高的环境冷漠度、更少的环保行为显著相关,尤其在需要牺牲便利或成本时,其功利性动机难以驱动实际行动。
人类中心主义价值观对认知-情感-意动框架的影响已在环境态度、行为研究中得到验证,因此情感联结与旅游意愿作为该框架中关键的情感与意动环节,同样会受到其影响。对于具有强人类中心主义价值观的个体而言,其旅游决策的核心准则是实用性、舒适性与个人收益,而非环境本身的内在价值,这与国家生态形象所传递的核心价值相悖。正如Do等[55]的研究所揭示,人类中心主义者更倾向于选择大城市而非国家公园作为旅游目的地,这表明人类中心主义价值观削弱了国家生态形象认知对国家公园旅游意愿的促进作用。同样,在情感联结作为中介的决策路径中,人类中心主义者虽然表现出“触摸自然”的强烈需求,但是在作最终的旅游决策时,人类中心主义的考量会降低这些情感在决策中的权重。如对荒野的安全顾虑、偏好大城市的舒适与便利,这些基于自身安全和舒适的需求,会压倒他们对自然的情感[55]。因此,尽管对国家公园心生好感,但当面临实际选择时,他们可能因为觉得“不够安全”“不如城市方便有趣”而放弃前往。由此可见,人类中心主义价值观显著弱化了情感联结在从生态形象认知到旅游意愿形成过程中的中介作用。基于上述研究发现,提出以下假设:
H4a:人类中心主义价值观会负向调节国家生态形象认知与旅游意愿之间的关系。
H4b:人类中心主义价值观会负向调节情感联结在国家生态形象认知与旅游意愿关系中的中介效应。
综上所述,本文拟探讨国家公园旗舰物种宣传对公众国家生态形象认知、情感联结以及旅游意愿的影响,并进一步分析人类中心主义价值观在这一过程中的调节作用。本文的假设模型如图1所示。
大熊猫国家公园横跨四川、陕西和甘肃三省,总面积达2.7万km2,其中,四川部分占总面积的74.4%。大熊猫国家公园是我国首批以单一物种为核心,并在其主要栖息地整合设立的国家公园。大熊猫国家公园的设立保护了70%以上的野生大熊猫栖息地,连通了13个大熊猫局域种群生态廊道,使得野生大熊猫种群数量显著增长。园内现有野生大熊猫约1340只,同时还伞护着川金丝猴、雪豹、红豆杉等8000多种伴生珍稀动植物,成为万物和谐共生的典范。大熊猫作为园内最为著名的旗舰物种,其“萌态十足”的外貌与广泛的全球影响力显著增强了大熊猫国家公园的旅游吸引力,仅大熊猫国家公园四川片区在2021—2025年累计接待访客就达到1600万人次。因此,选择大熊猫国家公园的大熊猫作为旗舰物种宣传的案例具有较强的代表性和典型性。
本文采取滚雪球抽样的方式进行数据采集,样本采集区域广泛,覆盖29个省份(因数据获取难度大,未包含青海、西藏和港澳台地区),以确保样本的代表性和普适性,减少地域局限性对研究结果的影响。数据收集时间为2025年4—5月,问卷通过线上发放,由研究者在社交网络进行初步数据收集,并采用链式推荐机制进行样本扩散,以确保问卷数量与有效性。为控制样本偏差,问卷首页设置知情同意声明及甄别条目“请问您曾游览过大熊猫国家公园吗”,若受访者选择“是”则终止填写,以此筛选未去过大熊猫国家公园的样本,以确保宣传效果的准确评估。研究最终基于筛选后的有效样本进行分析。
根据实验设计,本文的测量内容主要包括以下4个变量:国家生态形象认知、情感联结、旅游意愿与人类中心主义价值观。主体量表的各变量题项均采用Likert的5点尺度予以衡量,对应的量值为1~5(非常不同意为1,非常同意为5)。
各因子的具体测量指标(表1)选取如下:①国家生态形象认知变量目前并未形成成熟的测量量表,本文主要参考何伟等[10]、魏卫[56]的研究,从生态治理理念、生态治理角色以及生态治理成果3个维度来构建国家生态形象的测量框架,并结合宏观国家认知形象量表中的环境管理维度的题项[39],进一步完善量表内容,最终形成6个原始题项。②情感联结变量用于量化受访者在试验后与大熊猫国家公园之间建立的情感联系,本文主要侧重地方归属与地方认同感两个维度,具体题项参考刘卫梅等[47]对Hammitt地方联结量表的改编,并根据大熊猫国家公园的具体情境进行适当改编,最终形成4个题项。③旅游意愿变量旨在测量受访者前往大熊猫国家公园游览的意愿和行为倾向,参照前人的研究[47],结合旅游情境以及研究对象进行了适当改编,最终形成了3个题项。④人类中心主义价值观变量主要用以衡量受访者对旗舰物种所持有的感知与态度,鉴于本文所选旗舰物种为动物,该变量着重考察受访者对动物的态度与认知。测量题项主要基于王佳钰等[51]提出的动物价值观测量量表,选取其中的人类中心主义维度,共包含3个题项。
由于国家生态形象认知变量并非成熟量表,题项是在阅读已有相关文献的基础上进行编制,因此需要进行预调研来检测该变量各题项的有效性和可靠性。同时还通过预调研对整体问卷的可读性以及其余题项的可靠性进行了检验,以确保问卷设计的科学性和有效性[57]。预调研阶段共发放问卷114份,回收有效问卷88份,回收有效率达77.19%。通过可靠性分析与探索性因子分析发现,国家生态形象认知的信度为0.865,KMO值为0.856,各因子载荷均大于0.7。初始问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可以进行正式发放。
本文研究由两个实验组成:实验一主要检验国家公园宣传旗舰物种对公众国家生态形象认知的影响;实验二则进一步探讨国家生态形象认知能否有效增进公众与大熊猫国家公园的情感联结并转化为旅游意愿,同时检验人类中心主义价值观在其中的调节作用。
实验一采用单因素组间设计,以旗舰物种宣传(有vs.无)作为自变量,通过视频呈现的方式,对比受访者在观看旗舰物种大熊猫与普通自然风景的不同视频时对国家生态形象的认知差异。为严格控制无关变量,实验材料均选自中国国家公园系列宣传片中的大熊猫国家公园宣传片(图2),经剪辑形成两个版本的视频:①对大熊猫的介绍;②普通的自然风景介绍(包括自然景观、地形地貌)。两个视频在画面质量、解说基调、音乐风格及剪辑节奏等方面均保持一致,仅在是否接触到旗舰物种大熊猫这一核心要素上存在差异。两个视频时长均为1分27秒,确保受访者能够轻松完成观看。
本文通过“问卷星”在线平台发放问卷并完成实验。参与者被随机分为两组,分别观看包含或不包含旗舰物种的宣传视频,随后在线填写问卷。问卷题项由国家生态形象认知变量以及社会人口结构特征两部分组成,后者包含性别、年龄、受教育程度、月收入水平、职业变量。在剔除了答题时间过短且所选答案均为最大值的无效问卷后,最终获得111个样本(男性45.95%,女性54.05%)。在数据收集完成后,对两组参与者的性别、年龄、受教育程度、月收入水平、职业进行检验,结果表明组间无显著差异,确认无关变量得到有效控制。
在实验二中,首先邀请受访者观看大熊猫国家公园宣传片的视频片段,实验材料沿用研究一中关于大熊猫介绍的视频,随后填写问卷。该实验部分的问卷测量变量包括国家生态形象认知、情感联结、旅游意愿、人类中心主义价值观以及社会人口结构特征。
实验二共收集问卷421份,其中有效问卷362份,有效回收率为85.99%。在性别方面,女性占比达55.52%;在年龄方面,20~29岁与30~39岁的受访者为主要群体,占比分别为43.65%与39.50%;在受教育程度方面,大专及本科占比52.76%,占比最多;在月收入水平方面,2001~5000元与5001~8000元占比最多,为68.51%;在职业方面,占比最多的是企事业单位工作者,占比达27.90%,自由职业者与个体经营者次之(表2)。
运用SPSS 27.0统计分析软件,通过信度分析、基本统计分析、探索性因子分析等方法检验问卷的信度与效度,借助相关系数分析与回归分析探究各变量间的关联及影响。采用修正偏差的百分位Bootstrap法,运用Hayes开发的SPSS宏程序PROCESS,执行中介效应分析(Model 4)与含调节效应的中介效应分析(Model 8)。
对观看有旗舰物种宣传和观看无旗舰物种宣传的两组受访者的评分进行独立样本t检验,结果显示,两组受访者对国家生态形象的认知(Cronbach’s α=0.634)存在显著差异(t(109)=-2.162,p<0.05)。克朗巴赫系数(Cronbach’s α)越大,表明其信度越高。一般来说,Cronbach’s α系数在0.6以上即可视为可接受。有旗舰物种宣传组的平均得分(3.994)显著高于无旗舰物种宣传组(3.785),95%CI介于[-0.4010, -0.0174],说明相较于没有旗舰物种的宣传,国家公园对旗舰物种的宣传能够有效提升公众对国家生态形象的认知,假设H1得到验证。
信度用于衡量各变量测量题项的内部一致性与稳定性,本文采用Cronbach’s α和组合信度(CR)对变量进行信度检验。本量表中所有变量的组合信度均达到0.6的门槛值。除旅游意愿的Cronbach’s α为0.688,组合信度为0.693外,其余变量的Cronbach’s α系数与组合信度均达到0.7(表3),这说明本文测量的变量具有较好的信度。
效度主要通过收敛效度和区分效度来评价。收敛效度反映同一变量不同题项的相关性,通常用平均萃取方差大于0.5来衡量;区分效度则体现不同变量测量的可区分性,常通过平均萃取方差的平方根大于变量间相关系数来判断。本文通过因子分析评价问卷的收敛效度与区分效度,结果显示:所有的因子载荷均大于0.5且达到显著水平(p<0.01),表明变量具有良好的收敛效度,同时各变量的平均萃取方差均大于0.5(表3),进一步佐证了问卷的收敛效度。各变量的相关系数皆小于平均萃取方差的平方根。因此,本文的测量模型具有良好的收敛和区分效度。
此外,由于研究数据由问卷收集,结果可能会受到共同方法偏差影响。因此,采用Harman单因素检验方法[58]检测潜在的共同方法偏误,对研究中所有测量项目进行未旋转的探索性因素分析。未进行旋转的主成分分析结果显示,特征值大于1的因子共有3个,累计解释了58.166%的变异。其中,第一个因子解释的变异量为34.866%,低于40%的临界标准,表明不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
运用SPSS 27.0软件对各变量开展皮尔逊相关系数分析,结果显示(表4),除国家生态认知与人类中心主义价值观外,其余变量均呈显著正相关关系。其中,情感联结与旅游意愿显著正相关(r=0.749,p<0.01),国家生态形象认知与旅游意愿显著正相关(r=0.521,p<0.01)。该结果为后续的中介效应分析与调节效应分析提供了前提条件。
为验证研究假设H2,分别以国家生态形象认知、情感联结和旅游意愿作为因变量,进行了3次层级回归分析(表5)。为控制居民人口统计学特征对回归结果的影响,首先对性别、年龄、受教育程度、月收入水平、职业进行标准化处理,并将其作为控制变量纳入模型。以国家生态形象认知为因变量,引入上述5个控制变量,建立模型M1。在模型M2中,以情感联结为因变量,在M1基础上加入国家生态形象认知作为自变量。而在模型M3中,旅游意愿作为因变量,人口统计学特征的5个变量及国家生态形象认知和情感联结作为自变量。
(1)当以国家生态形象作为因变量时,模型M1的R2值为0.026,表明人口统计学特征可以解释国家生态形象认知2.6%的变化原因。F检验未通过(F=1.905, p>0.05),表明人口统计学特征对国家生态形象认知未产生显著的影响作用。
(2)以情感联结作为因变量时,模型M2解释力增强(R2=0.333),且整体显著(F=29.491, p<0.001)。在具体变量中,国家生态形象认知(β=0.515,p<0.001)是情感联结的核心驱动因素,说明对国家生态形象的正面评价能显著增强情感联结。月收入水平(β=0.174, p<0.001)的影响也较为显著,说明经济条件较好的群体更容易产生情感联结。此外,受教育程度呈现显著负向影响(β=-0.262, p<0.001),可能高学历群体更倾向于理性评估而非情感依附。
(3)当以旅游意愿为因变量时,模型M3解释力进一步提升(R2=0.605),能够解释旅游意愿60.5%的变化原因,且通过显著性检验(F=77.600, p<0.001)。情感联结(β=0.653, p<0.001)是最强有力的预测变量,其影响远超其他因素,证实情感因素在旅游决策中占据主要地位。同时国家生态形象认知也对旅游意愿有显著正向影响(β=0.209, p<0.001)。其余人口统计学特征对旅游意愿未产生显著的影响。因此,假设H2成立。
在不考虑调节效应影响的情况下,在PROCESS宏程序中选择只有1个中介变量的链式中介模型(Model 4),以考察情感联结在国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿影响中的中介作用。
中介模型结果如表6,国家生态形象认知通过情感联结影响旅游意愿的间接效应值为0.3069,其95%置信区间为[0.2220,0.3952],不包含0,说明中介效应显著。进一步计算发现,间接效应占总效应的58.9%,表明情感联结在国家生态形象认知影响旅游意愿的过程中起到了重要的中介作用。同时,国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿仍有显著的直接影响,其直接效应占总效应的41.1%。总的来说,国家生态形象认知与旅游意愿之间既存在直接效应,也通过情感联结产生间接效应。假设H3得到验证。
将人类中心主义价值观作为调节变量纳入分析框架,在PROCESS宏程序中选择具有调节的中介模型(Model 8),以检验人类中心主义价值观在模型中的调节作用。
调节效应分析显示,国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的直接效应会受到人类中心主义价值观的显著负向调节(交互作用β=-0.116, p<0.01)。即国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的直接效应会随人类中心主义价值观水平的提高而显著衰减。具体而言,当人类中心主义价值观处于低水平(-1.000)时,国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的直接效应最强(β=0.286, p<0.001);当人类中心主义价值观处于中等水平(0.363)时,直接效应减弱但仍显著(β=0.175, p<0.001);而当人类中心主义价值观处于高水平(1.000)时,直接效应不显著(β=0.063, p=0.350)。为更直观地呈现人类中心主义价值观的调节作用,本文对高人类中心主义价值观和低人类中心主义价值观水平下公众对国家生态形象认知与旅游意愿的关系进行描绘(图3)。人类中心主义价值观对情感联结中介作用的调节检验见表7,国家生态形象认知通过情感联结对旅游意愿的中介效应在不同人类中心主义价值观水平下均显著,调节效应并不显著(p>0.05)。这说明人类中心主义价值观会调节国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的直接路径,但对中介路径的调节作用不显著。因此,假设H4a成立,H4b不成立。
本文通过对国家公园旗舰物种宣传、国家生态形象认知与公众旅游意愿之间关系的深入分析,揭示了国家公园旗舰物种对国家生态形象构建的关键作用,明确了国家公园宣传、国家生态形象认知与情感联结对潜在游客旅游意愿的作用路径,并进一步探索了国家生态形象认知对公众情感与行动的作用边界。本文深化了国家公园在形象建构与旅游行为影响方面的理论框架,拓展了国家公园游客旅游意愿影响机制的理论研究,同时为国家公园管理者优化传播策略与可持续管理实践提供了学理依据。
首先,国家公园旗舰物种的宣传在公众对国家生态形象的认知形成过程中扮演了至关重要的角色。国家公园作为自然保护的核心区域,承载着生态保护、生态教育与国家意识培养的重要使命[5,6]。旗舰物种形象不仅代表了国家公园的生态价值,也象征着国家生态文明建设的成就。通过宣传旗舰物种如大熊猫的保护成果,公众能够直观地感受到国家在生态保护方面的努力与成效,进而提升对国家生态形象的积极认知[59]。如2021年“大象北上”事件中,象群的可爱形象以及中国政府和民间在生物多样性保护方面所展现出的积极行动,展示了中国在野生动物保护上的努力和责任担当,成功塑造了人与自然和谐共处的中国国家生态形象[60]。同样地,印度尼西亚科莫多国家公园中的科莫多巨蜥[14]、尼泊尔帕尔萨国家公园的穿山甲[61]等旗舰物种,在改变公众认知、吸引游客到访等方面也发挥了显著作用。因此,国家公园管理者应进一步加强旗舰物种的宣传策略,通过多种渠道和方式向公众传递生态保护的积极信息,强化公众对国家生态形象的认知与认同。
其次,国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的影响机制复杂且多层次,既包含直接作用,也涉及通过情感联结的间接作用。一方面,公众对国家生态形象的积极认知能够直接作用于其旅游意愿。国家公园作为生态形象的重要载体,其自然景观、生态保护成就以及所代表的国家文化内涵等元素,共同构成了一个具有强大吸引力的场所,促使公众产生前往国家公园旅游的意愿。本文结果验证了张宏梅等[38]提出的命题。另一方面,国家生态形象认知也能够通过情感联结的中介作用对旅游意愿产生影响,且该间接效应明显高于国家生态形象认知对旅游意愿的直接效应。情感联结作为一种深层次的心理体验,超越了单纯的理性认知,触及了公众的内心世界。当公众对国家生态形象形成积极的认知时,他们不仅在理性层面认识到国家公园的生态价值,还在情感层面与之产生共鸣,这种情感共鸣可能源于对旗舰物种的喜爱、对自然环境的敬畏,以及对国家生态保护理念的认同。情感联结将国家生态形象认知与旅游意愿紧密联系在一起,通过激发公众的积极情感,进一步增强了公众参与旅游的意愿[47]。在旅游行为决策过程中,情感联结占据主导地位,这表明潜在旅游者在做出旅游决策时,不仅关注国家生态形象的认知层面,更重视与国家公园所建立的情感联结。这要求国家公园管理者必须积极构建公众与国家公园之间的情感联结,将潜在旅游者变为现实旅游者。
最后,公众的价值观在旅游行为的形成过程中扮演着复杂的角色。尽管情感联结能够跨越价值观的差异,但人类中心主义价值观仍可能会削弱公众对生态形象的认知与旅游意愿之间的正向关系。这一发现与Do等[55]的研究结果相呼应,进一步证实了人类中心主义价值观对旅游行为的深远影响。此外,人类中心主义价值观对情感中介路径无显著影响,这与Xu等[53]的研究结果并不相同,但证实了Adongo等[52]的观点,人类中心主义者对宏观经济发展或自身利益的同理心态度相对较强,而在社会和环境方面同理心态度相对较弱,较少关注旅游对当地社区居民的福祉和自然环境的保护。本文结果提示,国家公园管理者在制定宣传策略时,需要更加注重生态价值观的引导,通过教育和宣传手段提升公众的生态意识,减少人类中心主义价值观对旅游行为的潜在负面影响。
尽管如此,本文仍存在一些局限之处:①研究对象仅聚焦于大熊猫这一旗舰物种,研究设计在物种选择上较为单一。由于大熊猫本身具有广泛的公众认知度和较强的传播影响力,研究结论的普适性有待进一步加强。未来研究可拓展至不同国家公园与不同类型的旗舰物种,系统比较其在宣传效应上的共性与差异,以增强研究结论的外部效度。②虽然研究已经揭示了国家公园旗舰物种宣传对本国公众的国家生态形象的正面促进效果,但由于缺少国际公众的数据,无法评估国家公园的旗舰物种宣传对国家生态形象的国际传播是否存在效果,未来仍需深入研究。③研究更多关注短期的影响效果,对于国家公园旗舰物种宣传在较长时间跨度内对国家生态形象塑造的持续性影响缺乏深入探究,后续可以开展长期追踪研究。
本文将大熊猫国家公园的典型旗舰物种大熊猫作为宣传切入点,基于涵化理论和认知-情感-意动模型,构建“传播接触-认知输入-情感响应-行为输出”的模型,系统探讨了国家公园通过旗舰物种宣传影响公众国家生态形象认知及其旅游意愿的内在机制。主要结论如下:
(1)国家公园中旗舰物种的宣传对公众生态形象认知具有显著提升作用。相较于无旗舰物种的泛化宣传,以大熊猫为代表的旗舰物种宣传能够更有效地塑造积极、鲜明的国家生态形象,增强公众对国家生态形象的积极认知。
(2)国家生态形象认知既能直接正向影响公众旅游意愿,也能通过情感联结的中介作用产生影响。公众对国家生态形象的认同能够激发情感共鸣与心理亲近,进而增强旅游意向,表明情感路径在“认知-行为”转化中具有关键的中介作用。
(3)人类中心主义价值观在认知对旅游意愿的直接路径中起负向调节作用,即该价值观越强,生态形象认知对旅游意愿的推动效果越弱;然而在情感联结的中介路径中,该调节效应不显著,说明情感机制在一定程度上可超越价值观差异对行为意向的制约。
基于以上讨论和结论,本文对国家公园的宣传与管理提出以下建议:
(1)建设国家公园品牌:以旗舰物种为核心,打造独具特色的国家公园品牌形象,深入挖掘旗舰物种所蕴含的生态、文化和科研价值,讲好其背后的故事,向公众传递国家公园在生态保护和生物多样性保护方面的积极作为与卓越成就。激发全社会共同参与生态保护的积极性,营造全民关注生态、呵护自然的良好氛围,助力国家生态文明建设的长远发展,实现生态保护、文化传播与国家形象塑造的有机统一。同时,通过广泛传播国家公园里旗舰物种的保护成果,彰显国家在生态文明建设方面的坚定决心和显著成效,进而在国内外塑造起负责任、生态友好的国家生态形象,提升国家在全球生态治理领域的话语权和影响力。
(2)强化旗舰物种宣传:持续强化对旗舰物种的宣传,挖掘大熊猫、东北虎、雪豹、长臂猿等旗舰物种的多维价值,如生态、文化、科研、审美等,丰富宣传内涵。同时结合不同受众特点,精准定位宣传内容,如针对青少年侧重趣味科普、针对科研人员突出专业前沿、针对普通公众注重故事感染力,以满足多样化需求,增强宣传吸引力。在宣传渠道上,积极整合政府、非政府环保组织、企业及社区等多主体力量,协同开展旗舰物种宣传活动。此外,抖音、小红书、视频号、微博等社交媒体也是影响公众旅游意向与行为的重要平台[62]。因此,在宣传中需要高度重视数字媒体平台的作用,通过开展虚拟游览活动或旗舰动物直播等方式,以视觉化内容引发情感共鸣,通过旗舰物种建立、拉近国家公园与个体之间的情感联结,再借助旅游博客、公众号等平台提供深度信息,将线上关注转化为旅游支持等具体行动,从而构建从“认知”到“意动”到“行为”的完整链条,最大化落实宣传效果。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42371227)
  • 广东省自然科学基金项目(2024A1515030059)
  • 教育部人文社会科学基金项目(23YJCZH279)
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2026年第48卷第2期
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doi: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.12
  • 接收时间:2025-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-07-08
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17
  • 修回日期:2025-10-30
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42371227)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2024A1515030059)
教育部人文社会科学基金项目(23YJCZH279)
作者信息
    1 广州大学地理科学与遥感学院, 广州 510006
    2 广州大学华南人文地理与城市发展研究中心, 广州 510006
    3 粤港澳大湾区移民治理与城市发展智库, 广州 510006
    4 广州大学管理学院, 广州 510006

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何洁,女,湖南桃江人,博士,副教授,研究方向为旅游管理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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