Article(id=1281627277972718553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.18402/resci.2026.02.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749830400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-14, revisedDate=1767542400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783493354552, onlineDateStr=2026-07-08, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783493354552, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783493354552, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783493354552, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281627217587310752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, year='2026', volume='48', issue='2', pageStart='289', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783493340155, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783507652191, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281687246705242510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281687246705242511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, issueId=1281627217587310752, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=380, endPage=393, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281627278236959707, articleId=1281627277972718553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, language=EN, title=Impact of the national park system pilot on regional newly established enterprises: A case study of Wuyishan National Park, columnId=1281627278153073626, journalTitle=Resources Science, columnName=Ecosystem Services and Value Realization, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

[Objective] The national park system pilot is an important component of China’s ecological civilization development. Investigating its impact on newly established enterprises in the region is of great significance for achieving synergy between ecological conservation and economic development. [Methods] This study took the Wuyishan National Park pilot as its research subject. Based on the registration data of newly established enterprises in counties across Fujian Province (including counties, county-level cities, and municipal districts under prefecture-level cities) from 2000 to 2023, this study employed event study methodology, difference-in-differences, and machine learning models to reveal the impact of the national park system pilot on regional newly established enterprises and its underlying mechanisms. [Results] (1) The national park system pilot policy had a positive impact on the number of newly established enterprises at the county level. (2) Heterogeneity analysis showed that the national park system pilot had a stronger effect on the number of large enterprises than on medium, small, and micro enterprises, and a greater effect on private enterprises than on state-owned enterprises, Hong Kong-funded, Macao-funded, and Taiwan-funded enterprises, and foreign-funded enterprises. (3) Further analysis showed that the national park system pilot promoted industrial structure upgrading at the county level by attracting newly established enterprises in sectors such as culture, sports, and entertainment, accommodation and food services, and wholesale and retail trade. [Conclusion] The national park system pilot promotes the growth of the number of regional newly established enterprises, optimizes the regional industrial structure, and contributes to high-quality regional economic development. Local governments should formulate differentiated policies for enterprise development, support the development of green industries, and thereby achieve win-win coordination between ecological conservation and economic development.

, authors=Yan MAO, Qiao CHEN, authorsList=Yan MAO, Qiao CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiao CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281627279243592675, articleId=1281627277972718553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, language=CN, title=国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响——以武夷山国家公园为例, columnId=1281627278337623004, journalTitle=资源科学, columnName=生态系统服务与价值实现, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】国家公园体制试点是中国生态文明建设的重要组成部分,探究国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响,对实现生态保护与经济发展协同具有重要意义。【方法】本文以武夷山国家公园体制试点为研究对象,基于2000—2023年福建省武夷山国家公园内外各县域(县、县级市和地级市市辖区)新设企业的注册信息,综合运用事件研究法、双重差分、机器学习模型,揭示国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响以及作用机理。【结果】①武夷山国家公园体制试点政策对县域新设企业数量具有正向影响。②异质性分析表明,体制试点对大型企业数量的影响大于中型、小型和微型企业;对私营企业的影响大于国有、港澳台投资和外资企业。③进一步分析发现,体制试点通过吸引“文化、体育和娱乐”“住宿和餐饮业”“批发和零售业”等行业新设企业,促进县域产业结构升级。【结论】国家公园体制试点作为特殊的生态治理工具,通过环境规制与制度红利双重作用,优化了区域产业结构,促进了经济高质量发展。为此,各地政府在国家公园建设中应制定差异化政策,推动生态优势向可持续发展动能转化,进而实现人与自然和谐共生。

, authors=毛焱, 陈乔, authorsList=毛焱, 陈乔, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈乔, authorNote=

毛焱,女,湖北武汉人,教授,研究方向为国家公园体制机制创新。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈乔,男,湖北荆门人,副教授,研究方向为国家公园社区治理。E-mail:
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毛焱,女,湖北武汉人,教授,研究方向为国家公园体制机制创新。E-mail:

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毛焱,女,湖北武汉人,教授,研究方向为国家公园体制机制创新。E-mail:

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Journal of Finance and Economics, 2023, 49(8): 124-138.], articleTitle=Mobile payments and county economic growth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627290824065140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=37, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=103, authorNames=支宇鹏, 黄立群, 陈乔, journalName=南方经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=支宇鹏, 黄立群, 陈乔. 自由贸易试验区建设与地区产业结构转型升级: 基于中国286个城市面板数据的实证分析[J]. 南方经济, 2021, 38(4): 37-54., articleTitle=自由贸易试验区建设与地区产业结构转型升级: 基于中国286个城市面板数据的实证分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627290899562613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=37, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=104, authorNames=Zhi Y P, Huang L Q, Chen Q, journalName=South China Journal of Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[ Zhi Y P, Huang L Q, Chen Q. Construction of pilot free trade zone and regional industrial structure transformation and upgrading: Empirical analysis based on panel data of 286 cities in China[J]. South China Journal of Economics, 2021, 38(4): 37-54.], articleTitle=Construction of pilot free trade zone and regional industrial structure transformation and upgrading: Empirical analysis based on panel data of 286 cities in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627290987642998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=112, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=105, authorNames=郭俊杰, 方颖, 郭晔, journalName=经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭俊杰, 方颖, 郭晔. 环境规制、短期失败容忍与企业绿色创新: 来自绿色信贷政策实践的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2024, 59(3): 112-129., articleTitle=环境规制、短期失败容忍与企业绿色创新: 来自绿色信贷政策实践的证据, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627291084111991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=112, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=106, authorNames=Guo J J, Fang Y, Guo Y, journalName=Economic Research Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[ Guo J J, Fang Y, Guo Y. Environmental regulation, short-term failure tolerance and firm green innovation: Evidence from the practice of green credit policy[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2024, 59(3): 112-129.], articleTitle=Environmental regulation, short-term failure tolerance and firm green innovation: Evidence from the practice of green credit policy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627291188969592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=28, issue=9, pageStart=84, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=107, authorNames=苏涛永, 王柯, 刘宇馨, journalName=管理科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏涛永, 王柯, 刘宇馨, . 绿色工厂认证影响企业的环保投资吗? 基于同伴效应视角的研究[J]. 管理科学学报, 2025, 28(9): 84-102., articleTitle=绿色工厂认证影响企业的环保投资吗? 基于同伴效应视角的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627291247689849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=28, issue=9, pageStart=84, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=108, authorNames=Su T Y, Wang K, Liu Y X, journalName=Journal of Management Sciences in China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=[ Su T Y, Wang K, Liu Y X, et al. Does green factory certification affect the environmental protection investment of firms? From the perspective of peer effects[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2025, 28(9): 84-102.], articleTitle=Does green factory certification affect the environmental protection investment of firms? From the perspective of peer effects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627291327381626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=143, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=109, authorNames=Dube J, Brunelle C, Legros D, journalName=The Review of Regional Studies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dube J, Brunelle C, Legros D. Location theories and business location decision: A micro-spatial investigation of a nonmetropolitan area in Canada[J]. The Review of Regional Studies, 2016, 46(2): 143-170., articleTitle=Location theories and business location decision: A micro-spatial investigation of a nonmetropolitan area in Canada, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281627291390296187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=61, issue=8, pageStart=1841, pageEnd=1866, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=110, authorNames=He S, Wang B, journalName=Journal of Applied Ecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He S, Wang B. Driving mechanism for farmers to adopt agroecology for biodiversity conservation: Inspiration from tea management in a China National Park[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 61(8): 1841-1866., articleTitle=Driving mechanism for farmers to adopt agroecology for biodiversity conservation: Inspiration from tea management in a China National Park, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1281627282502565900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, awardId=42471249, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(42471249), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281627279512028132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281627279520416741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, companyId=1281627279512028132, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281627279532999654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, companyId=1281627279512028132, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖北经济学院旅游与酒店管理学院, 武汉 430205)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1281627280917119995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Evolution of nature reserve systems, figureFileSmall=BK3DrRyZaDQ2cTqmBOcz5A==, figureFileBig=l0Dyg6shsSF71o7Ui9iVrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627280988423164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=图1, caption=自然保护区制度演进, figureFileSmall=BK3DrRyZaDQ2cTqmBOcz5A==, figureFileBig=l0Dyg6shsSF71o7Ui9iVrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627281168778237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Results of parallel trend tests, figureFileSmall=alrJciVv4y7eNJvuAfLpow==, figureFileBig=Mcx/PfG2+z1yCMSEtywXvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627281244275710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=图2, caption=平行趋势检验结果

注:图中圆圈是每期的回归系数,竖线代表95%置信区间。

, figureFileSmall=alrJciVv4y7eNJvuAfLpow==, figureFileBig=Mcx/PfG2+z1yCMSEtywXvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627281328161791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Results of placebo tests, figureFileSmall=zk9SFZtcleJRgf2v9NgIog==, figureFileBig=IJ3lQu4SiCAhBUXnrR0tnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627281399464960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=图3, caption=安慰剂检验结果

注:曲线为估计系数的核密度分布,点为估计系数对应P值的散点图,竖线为基准模型中的估计系数。

, figureFileSmall=zk9SFZtcleJRgf2v9NgIog==, figureFileBig=IJ3lQu4SiCAhBUXnrR0tnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281627281487544320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
DIDit 2.145*** 0.335* 0.441*** 0.445*** 0.272*** 0.321*** 0.275*** 0.274***
(24.885) (1.713) (2.893) (3.020) (4.172) (6.302) (4.840) (4.598)
GDPit 1.641*** 1.547*** 1.292*** 0.451*** 0.203 -0.163 -0.152
(35.993) (36.368) (10.723) (3.087) (1.189) (-0.894) (-0.820)
STRit 38.055*** 44.468*** 27.740*** 38.003*** 32.483*** 32.089***
(6.181) (6.865) (3.973) (4.365) (3.957) (3.863)
FISit 0.209** 0.442*** 0.423*** 0.354*** 0.341***
(2.438) (4.724) (4.761) (3.861) (3.644)
DEVit 0.199** 0.180** 0.193** 0.194**
(2.359) (2.025) (2.286) (2.272)
OPEit 0.143** 0.130* 0.125*
(2.107) (1.864) (1.791)
MKTit 0.490*** 0.488***
(3.330) (3.369)
INFit 0.092
(1.089)
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 6.744*** -16.129*** -27.772*** -28.648*** -16.619*** -17.949*** -16.495*** -15.268***
(6624.599) (-24.908) (-12.922) (-13.322) (-6.862) (-5.863) (-5.475) (-4.568)
N 2286 1600 1570 1569 986 497 497 495
R2 0.016 0.824 0.834 0.836 0.879 0.915 0.920 0.920
), ArticleFig(id=1281627281579819009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
DIDit 2.145*** 0.335* 0.441*** 0.445*** 0.272*** 0.321*** 0.275*** 0.274***
(24.885) (1.713) (2.893) (3.020) (4.172) (6.302) (4.840) (4.598)
GDPit 1.641*** 1.547*** 1.292*** 0.451*** 0.203 -0.163 -0.152
(35.993) (36.368) (10.723) (3.087) (1.189) (-0.894) (-0.820)
STRit 38.055*** 44.468*** 27.740*** 38.003*** 32.483*** 32.089***
(6.181) (6.865) (3.973) (4.365) (3.957) (3.863)
FISit 0.209** 0.442*** 0.423*** 0.354*** 0.341***
(2.438) (4.724) (4.761) (3.861) (3.644)
DEVit 0.199** 0.180** 0.193** 0.194**
(2.359) (2.025) (2.286) (2.272)
OPEit 0.143** 0.130* 0.125*
(2.107) (1.864) (1.791)
MKTit 0.490*** 0.488***
(3.330) (3.369)
INFit 0.092
(1.089)
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 6.744*** -16.129*** -27.772*** -28.648*** -16.619*** -17.949*** -16.495*** -15.268***
(6624.599) (-24.908) (-12.922) (-13.322) (-6.862) (-5.863) (-5.475) (-4.568)
N 2286 1600 1570 1569 986 497 497 495
R2 0.016 0.824 0.834 0.836 0.879 0.915 0.920 0.920
), ArticleFig(id=1281627281663705090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of robustness tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
无控制变量 有控制变量 Kfolds=4 Kfolds=5 梯度提升 岭回归
DIDit 0.249** 0.387*** 0.365** 0.317** 0.231* 0.280***
(2.286) (2.585) (2.458) (2.015) (1.876) (3.139)
控制变量一次项
控制变量
时间变量
个体变量
常数项 0.028 0.010 0.008 0.010 -0.001 0.001
(1.475) (0.512) (0.417) (0.530) (-0.038) (0.038)
N 1362 1362 1362 1362 1362 1362
), ArticleFig(id=1281627281747591171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

稳健性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
无控制变量 有控制变量 Kfolds=4 Kfolds=5 梯度提升 岭回归
DIDit 0.249** 0.387*** 0.365** 0.317** 0.231* 0.280***
(2.286) (2.585) (2.458) (2.015) (1.876) (3.139)
控制变量一次项
控制变量
时间变量
个体变量
常数项 0.028 0.010 0.008 0.010 -0.001 0.001
(1.475) (0.512) (0.417) (0.530) (-0.038) (0.038)
N 1362 1362 1362 1362 1362 1362
), ArticleFig(id=1281627281814700036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Enterprise size heterogeneity tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
微型 小型 中型 大型
DIDit 0.336* 0.501* 1.581*** 265.530***
(1.832) (1.956) (8.058) (2.938)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
常数项 -32.360*** -33.447** 5.478*** -5.703
(-6.672) (-2.171) (1.204) (-0.964)
N 428 54 878 254
R2 0.886 0.865 0.605 0.607
), ArticleFig(id=1281627281881808901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

企业规模异质性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
微型 小型 中型 大型
DIDit 0.336* 0.501* 1.581*** 265.530***
(1.832) (1.956) (8.058) (2.938)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
常数项 -32.360*** -33.447** 5.478*** -5.703
(-6.672) (-2.171) (1.204) (-0.964)
N 428 54 878 254
R2 0.886 0.865 0.605 0.607
), ArticleFig(id=1281627281944723462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Enterprise ownership heterogeneity tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
私营 国有 港澳台投资 外资
DIDit 5340.867*** 59.067*** 1.246*** 0.829**
(3.570) (9.986) (6.197) (2.113)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 3039.209*** 43.606*** 14.275*** 9.546***
(158.765) (573.740) (5132.010) (1725.644)
N 2188 2179 1590 1560
R2 0.704 0.610 0.633 0.700
), ArticleFig(id=1281627282016026631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

企业所有制异质性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
私营 国有 港澳台投资 外资
DIDit 5340.867*** 59.067*** 1.246*** 0.829**
(3.570) (9.986) (6.197) (2.113)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 3039.209*** 43.606*** 14.275*** 9.546***
(158.765) (573.740) (5132.010) (1725.644)
N 2188 2179 1590 1560
R2 0.704 0.610 0.633 0.700
), ArticleFig(id=1281627282095718408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Impact of national park system pilot on number of newly established enterprises in different industries

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
农、林、牧、渔业 批发和零售业 交通运输、仓储和邮政业 住宿和餐饮业 信息传输、软件和
信息技术服务业
科学研究和
技术服务业
文化、体育和娱乐业
DIDit 189.107*** 3122.029*** 90.588*** 384.879*** 238.035*** 67.367*** 184.171**
(4.330) (3.211) (3.594) (5.130) (2.704) (2.880) (2.078)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 96.143*** 1675.306*** 55.025*** 276.904*** 107.478*** 69.581*** 108.522***
(163.438) (134.286) (166.619) (278.807) (88.420) (214.260) (83.685)
N 2079 2182 2137 2115 2028 2017 1914
R2 0.713 0.703 0.800 0.803 0.702 0.602 0.701
), ArticleFig(id=1281627282187993097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

国家公园体制试点对不同行业新设企业数量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
农、林、牧、渔业 批发和零售业 交通运输、仓储和邮政业 住宿和餐饮业 信息传输、软件和
信息技术服务业
科学研究和
技术服务业
文化、体育和娱乐业
DIDit 189.107*** 3122.029*** 90.588*** 384.879*** 238.035*** 67.367*** 184.171**
(4.330) (3.211) (3.594) (5.130) (2.704) (2.880) (2.078)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 96.143*** 1675.306*** 55.025*** 276.904*** 107.478*** 69.581*** 108.522***
(163.438) (134.286) (166.619) (278.807) (88.420) (214.260) (83.685)
N 2079 2182 2137 2115 2028 2017 1914
R2 0.713 0.703 0.800 0.803 0.702 0.602 0.701
), ArticleFig(id=1281627282284462090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281213052536229901, articleId=1281627277972718553, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Impact of national park system pilot on industrial structure upgrading

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
第一产业 第二产业 第三产业 产业结构高级化
DIDit 189.107*** 373.576*** 4757.492*** 4.970***
(4.330) (5.498) (3.421) (4.742)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 96.143*** 259.340*** 2496.670*** 8.997***
(163.438) (297.167) (151.448) (726.294)
N 2079 2180 2362 2369
R2 0.713 0.705 0.803 0.800
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国家公园体制试点对产业结构升级的影响

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变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
第一产业 第二产业 第三产业 产业结构高级化
DIDit 189.107*** 373.576*** 4757.492*** 4.970***
(4.330) (5.498) (3.421) (4.742)
控制变量 控制 控制 控制 控制
年份固定
县域固定
常数项 96.143*** 259.340*** 2496.670*** 8.997***
(163.438) (297.167) (151.448) (726.294)
N 2079 2180 2362 2369
R2 0.713 0.705 0.803 0.800
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国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响——以武夷山国家公园为例
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毛焱 , 陈乔
资源科学 | 生态系统服务与价值实现 2026,48(2): 380-393
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资源科学 |生态系统服务与价值实现 2026 , 48 (2) : 380 -393
国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响——以武夷山国家公园为例
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毛焱 , 陈乔
作者信息
  • 湖北经济学院旅游与酒店管理学院, 武汉 430205
通讯作者:
陈乔,男,湖北荆门人,副教授,研究方向为国家公园社区治理。E-mail:
作者简介:

毛焱,女,湖北武汉人,教授,研究方向为国家公园体制机制创新。E-mail:

Impact of the national park system pilot on regional newly established enterprises: A case study of Wuyishan National Park
Yan MAO , Qiao CHEN
Affiliations
  • School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.07
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【目的】国家公园体制试点是中国生态文明建设的重要组成部分,探究国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响,对实现生态保护与经济发展协同具有重要意义。【方法】本文以武夷山国家公园体制试点为研究对象,基于2000—2023年福建省武夷山国家公园内外各县域(县、县级市和地级市市辖区)新设企业的注册信息,综合运用事件研究法、双重差分、机器学习模型,揭示国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响以及作用机理。【结果】①武夷山国家公园体制试点政策对县域新设企业数量具有正向影响。②异质性分析表明,体制试点对大型企业数量的影响大于中型、小型和微型企业;对私营企业的影响大于国有、港澳台投资和外资企业。③进一步分析发现,体制试点通过吸引“文化、体育和娱乐”“住宿和餐饮业”“批发和零售业”等行业新设企业,促进县域产业结构升级。【结论】国家公园体制试点作为特殊的生态治理工具,通过环境规制与制度红利双重作用,优化了区域产业结构,促进了经济高质量发展。为此,各地政府在国家公园建设中应制定差异化政策,推动生态优势向可持续发展动能转化,进而实现人与自然和谐共生。

国家公园体制试点  /  新设企业  /  双重差分  /  机器学习  /  武夷山国家公园

[Objective] The national park system pilot is an important component of China’s ecological civilization development. Investigating its impact on newly established enterprises in the region is of great significance for achieving synergy between ecological conservation and economic development. [Methods] This study took the Wuyishan National Park pilot as its research subject. Based on the registration data of newly established enterprises in counties across Fujian Province (including counties, county-level cities, and municipal districts under prefecture-level cities) from 2000 to 2023, this study employed event study methodology, difference-in-differences, and machine learning models to reveal the impact of the national park system pilot on regional newly established enterprises and its underlying mechanisms. [Results] (1) The national park system pilot policy had a positive impact on the number of newly established enterprises at the county level. (2) Heterogeneity analysis showed that the national park system pilot had a stronger effect on the number of large enterprises than on medium, small, and micro enterprises, and a greater effect on private enterprises than on state-owned enterprises, Hong Kong-funded, Macao-funded, and Taiwan-funded enterprises, and foreign-funded enterprises. (3) Further analysis showed that the national park system pilot promoted industrial structure upgrading at the county level by attracting newly established enterprises in sectors such as culture, sports, and entertainment, accommodation and food services, and wholesale and retail trade. [Conclusion] The national park system pilot promotes the growth of the number of regional newly established enterprises, optimizes the regional industrial structure, and contributes to high-quality regional economic development. Local governments should formulate differentiated policies for enterprise development, support the development of green industries, and thereby achieve win-win coordination between ecological conservation and economic development.

national park system pilot  /  newly established enterprises  /  difference-in-differences  /  machine learning  /  Wuyishan National Park
毛焱, 陈乔. 国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响——以武夷山国家公园为例. 资源科学, 2026 , 48 (2) : 380 -393 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.07
Yan MAO, Qiao CHEN. Impact of the national park system pilot on regional newly established enterprises: A case study of Wuyishan National Park[J]. Resources Science, 2026 , 48 (2) : 380 -393 . DOI: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.07
国家公园作为生态文明制度创新的核心载体,承载着协调保护与发展矛盾、实现人与自然和谐共生的重要使命。从2013年首次提出建立国家公园体制,到2015年启动国家公园体制试点,再到2021年设立首批5个国家公园,标志着我国由传统自然保护区建设向国家公园体系建设的重要转变。加快国家公园建设对构建国家生态安全屏障、建设美丽中国具有重要意义。
国家公园有别于传统的经济社会发展地域布局,其主要分布在城市远郊或欠发达地区,是生物多样性极其丰富、野生动植物密集分布的核心生态区。然而,复杂的人地关系、园地关系以及历史遗留问题[1],导致生态保护与企业生产空间密切交织,甚至冲突频发[2]。国家公园体制试点作为我国生态文明制度建设的重要探索[3],在不断加强生态保护的同时,能否影响企业区位选择,促进区域经济高质量发展,科学评估其效应至关重要。已有的相关研究可分为两类:①在宏观产业层面,国家公园体制试点促进了生态资源向可持续发展优势转化[4]。国家公园所在地政府通过科学规划与管理,引导区域发展模式转变,将优质生态资源转化为可永续利用的经济资产[5]。有学者指出国家公园体制试点对研学旅游[6]、生态农业[7]、康养服务[8]等绿色产业发展具有促进作用。此外,国家公园体制试点推动了区域产业结构绿色转型。国家公园建设对于资源型产业转型升级、传统产业结构调整以及新兴绿色产业培育具有正向效应[9]。国家公园作为我国最为核心的保护区域,实施更为严苛的保护措施,或将成为推动县域调整产业布局的重要驱动力[10]。②在微观企业层面,国家公园体制试点对企业行为产生了直接而深远的影响。有学者基于准自然实验方法,分析了重大环境政策对企业投资意愿、区位选择、迁移行为的潜在影响[11,12]。国家公园所在地政府普遍通过限制土地利用和提高市场准入等[13],限制高污染、高耗能企业进入,倒逼企业实现转型升级[14]。特别是对自然资源依赖度高的资源型企业(如水力发电、矿产开发等),其对政策变化的反应更加敏感。国家公园建设与企业社会责任实践也密切相关[15],在生态保护政策宣传、制度完善、意识提升等多重影响下,企业调整经营决策满足环保要求的意愿更强[16]
总体而言,虽然学者从不同角度探讨了国家公园体制试点对产业发展和企业行为的影响,但探讨国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业影响的研究依然鲜见。为此,本文以我国首批国家公园——武夷山国家公园为案例,基于福建片区各县域新设企业注册数据,采用双重差分、机器学习等方法对上述问题进行实证检验,并从企业性质、企业规模等角度,分析国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响,重点回答如下几个问题:国家公园体制试点是否会增加新设企业数量?体制试点对不同规模、不同所有制企业的影响是否存在差异?对不同行业的影响又如何?是否会进一步促进产业结构升级?厘清上述问题,对完善国家公园体制机制建设、实现生态保护与区域经济协调发展具有重要意义。
区位理论是经济地理学和区域经济学的核心理论[17]。区位理论研究聚焦企业空间行为,不仅研究企业的选址决策,还涵盖由此引发的集聚经济和产业集群等宏观现象。工业区位论指出,企业的区位选择是一个基于成本、市场、政策等因素的综合决策过程[18],而新企业的进入是这一决策最直接、最可观测的最终结果。某一地区新设企业数量,能直接反映该地区对企业的综合吸引力。诸多学者也利用“新设企业数量”或“企业进入率”[19]来衡量企业区位选择行为,探讨地方债务水平[20]、经济政策[21]、数字技术[22]等对企业区位选择行为的影响。
相比之下,生态保护政策对企业区位选择的影响在传统区位理论中较少受到关注,尤其是生态保护政策对新设企业区位选择的影响尚未得到充分重视。事实上,只有理解企业的区位选择行为,才能真正把握区域经济活动空间组织的关键[23]。国家公园体制试点作为特殊的生态保护政策,其通过制度约束、资源管控、生态补偿等[24],改变域内外企业经营成本,对企业区位选择形成推-拉效应。一方面,受制度约束和资源管控等因素影响,部分企业为规避经营风险,可能选择迁出所在县域。即当区域内的环境规制成本超过企业承受能力时,企业会向规制强度较低的地区迁移。国家公园体制试点通过严格的生态保护要求,提高了区域内企业的环境合规成本,对高污染、高能耗企业形成“推力”效应。另一方面,国家公园体制试点所带来的制度红利、生态激励以及基础设施改善,又可能吸引企业在此安家落户。国家公园体制试点能够通过生态补偿、财政补贴、税收优惠等制度红利,降低绿色企业的经营成本;同时,优质的生态环境成为吸引高端人才和绿色产业的重要区位优势,形成“拉力”效应。国家公园域内外企业在“推拉”双重作用下,将推动区域内产业结构向绿色化转型升级。具体而言:
(1)推力效应:国家公园体制试点迫使部分企业退出或向其他区域转移。①成本规避引发被动迁移。环境规制增加了企业成本,导致“污染避让”,即企业逃离环境要求严格地区。国家公园体制试点区域实行最严格的生态保护措施[25],提高了污染排放标准,增加了企业污染治理达标投入成本,进而对企业选址决策及运营方式构成约束。②资源约束导致产业挤出。国家公园体制试点对土地和资源利用有明确要求[26],从根本上压缩了依赖土地和资源消耗的传统产业(比如采矿、伐木)的生存空间。国家公园试点区的生态保护政策能对企业的污染排放和资源使用形成约束[27]。在国家公园体制试点区范围内,企业需要面临更为严苛的资源获取、土地利用和开发空间限制[28],以及需要承担更多的社会责任等,进而迫使企业退出[29]。③环境规制驱动企业制造环节外移。国家公园体制试点本身就是强烈的长期制度信号,它会深刻改变区域企业发展的规则和预期,严格限制高污染、高耗能、高排放企业发展[30]。就产业链而言,环境规制压力驱动企业在空间上进行再布局,将制造环节外移。污染排放限制和沉重的社会责任,迫使企业选择撤离,亦或将产业链的不同环节布局在国家公园和环带内的适宜区域[1]。总而言之,环境规制已无可争议地成为企业区位选择的重要因素[31]
(2)拉力效应:国家公园体制试点吸引企业到此投资和布局。①国家公园体制试点有助于形成品牌效应,提升区域绿色发展形象和吸引力。国家公园体制试点有助于宣传企业绿色品牌形象,实现生态价值与品牌价值的协同增益,进而吸引更多的绿色企业集聚。②中央和地方政府为国家公园试点区提供财政支持。国家公园体制试点为国家公园带来巨额中央专项资金[32],极大地促进了基础设施建设。地方政府也为试点区域内的企业提供了税收优惠、资金补贴等激励措施[33]。同时,政策红利也吸引创新、低碳环保企业进入并发展[34]。地方政府会积极通过财政补贴、财税优惠、专项经费等激励政策,吸引绿色企业安家落户[35,36]。对国家公园的相关财政支持政策不仅能够加快社区传统产业转型升级,降低企业运营成本,也能够增强企业在绿色转型过程中的信心和动力[37,38],进一步吸引绿色企业集聚。③国家公园体制试点带来的生态环境质量提升[39],有助于吸引旅游、环保、绿色等新兴产业进入。环境保护政策将为从事生态旅游、绿色产业和环境污染治理的企业提供独特的区位优势。诸多企业选择在国家公园周边投资,是因为这些地区的政策支持绿色发展,并为环保型企业提供了良好的制度环境[40]。例如武夷山国家公园茶产业的蓬勃发展,推动了茶企业在这一地区的集聚[41]。④国家公园体制试点有助于推动公共服务的完善[42],提升企业投资便利性和营商环境。国家公园建设过程中所伴随的交通网络改善、通信设施升级、生态服务功能强化等公共设施投入[43,44],不仅优化了生态环境,也为企业提供了良好的运营条件[45]。⑤政府在国家公园体制下强化了对土地使用、资源开发、环境保护等方面的制度规范[46,47],增强了政策的可预期性和治理透明度,从而降低企业投资的不确定性,提升其长期发展信心。可见,国家公园试点区域逐渐成为生态创新的试验场[28],吸引了大量致力于可持续发展的企业。
总而言之,国家公园体制试点通过多维推力和拉力相互作用,不仅重塑了新设企业区位选择的决策环境,而且因不同规模和不同所有制企业的资源禀赋、政策响应、技术创新等差异,国家公园体制试点对上述不同企业的影响也将存在差异。
在自然保护区逐步向国家公园建设转变过程中,历经了一系列历史性变革(图1)。为加强自然保护区的建设和管理,1994年国务院发布《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》;2002年国家环保总局颁布《国家级自然保护区总体规划大纲》,明确了国家自然保护区的政策法规保障和资金配置。2015年中共中央、国务院发布《生态文明体制改革总体方案》[48],并陆续启动了武夷山、三江源、海南热带雨林等10个国家公园体制试点;2019年中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的指导意见》,并提出“建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系”;2021年我国正式设立武夷山、海南热带雨林、三江源等首批5个国家公园,由此开启国家公园建设新篇章。
武夷山国家公园是世界自然和文化双遗产地,在促进人与自然和谐共生方面具有重要作用。2016年6月,国家发展和改革委员会批复《武夷山国家公园体制试点区试点实施方案》,其划定的范围仅限于武夷山国家公园福建片区,涉及武夷山市、建阳区、邵武市、光泽县,而武夷山国家公园江西片区并未纳入首批试点区。为此,本文仅以武夷山国家公园福建片区为研究对象。
本文聚焦武夷山国家公园福建片区,将武夷山国家公园所涉及的县域新设企业设定为处理组,将武夷山国家公园未涉及的县域新设企业设定为对照组。各县域工商企业注册数据,来源于国家企业信用信息公示系统。本文收集整理2000年1月—2023年12月县域层面所有新设企业的名称、成立时间、企业类型、行业门类、注册资金、注册地址等信息。在数据清理过程中,本文删除了:①注册地址缺失导致不能定位到县域层面的企业。②注册年份、所属行业、企业状态、员工数量、地区编码等重要信息缺失的企业。③不受经济影响的社会公共服务类企业,如“国际组织”等。最终获得福建省武夷山国家公园片区内30余万家和片区外660余万家新设企业,并在县域层面上研究国家公园体制试点如何对区域新设企业产生影响。
为识别国家公园体制试点政策对各县域新设企业数量的影响,采用双重差分(DID)模型进行估计,其计量模型设定为:
${Y}_{it}={\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1}DI{D}_{it}+{\alpha }_{2}{C}_{it}+{\mu }_{it}+{v}_{it}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
式中:Yiti县域t年的新注册企业数量;DIDit为武夷山国家公园体制试点;Cit为其他影响企业区位选择的因素组成的控制变量;α0为常数;α1和α2为影响系数;μitvit分别为县域和年份固定效应,控制每个县域所有随年份变化的特征;εit为随机扰动项。
武夷山国家公园体制试点于2016年6月启动,2021年10月12日正式设立为国家公园,标志着试点任务完成,故将2016—2021年的时间虚拟变量DTit设为1,其他年份设为0。武夷山国家公园福建片区涉及武夷山市、建阳区、光泽县、邵武市4个县(市、区),故将上述县的组间虚拟变量DUit设为1,其他县域设为0。DIDit为时间虚拟变量DTit和组间虚拟变量DUit的交乘项。
由于使用双重差分法必须满足处理组和对照组具有相似增长趋势的前置条件[49],所以本文采用事件研究法对处理组和对照组的平行趋势以及试点政策的动态效应进行检验,并估计国家公园体制试点前后所产生的动态效果,具体模型如下:
${Y}_{it}={\alpha }_{0}+\prod _{k\ge -6,k\ne -1}^{6}{\alpha }_{k}{D}_{it}^{k}+{\alpha }_{2}{C}_{it}+{\mu }_{it}+{v}_{it}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
式中:${D}_{it}^{k}$i县域在t年距国家公园体制试点是否为k年的虚拟变量,若i县在T年开始实施体制试点,即当t-T≥6或t-T≤-6时,${D}_{it}^{k}$=1;否则为0。在进行参数估计时,选择政策前一期(k=-1)作为基准组。αk为回归系数。
依据县域工商企业注册数据,以各行业新设企业数量为被解释变量(Yit)。借鉴陶涛等[50]和彭俞超等[51]的做法,以工商企业注册数据库中企业注册数量来反映企业区位选择。
核心解释变量为武夷山国家公园体制试点(DIDit)。国家发展和改革委员会于2016年6月批复《武夷山国家公园体制试点区试点实施方案》,即武夷山国家公园体制试点正式启动。为此,以2016年国家公园体制试点作为政策冲击,衡量其对新设企业数量的影响。
借鉴已有研究[52-55]并结合数据可获得性,选取如下控制变量:①经济发达程度(GDPit),用人均GDP反映[52];②产业结构(STRit),用第三产业产值占GDP比重反映[52];③地方财政实力(FISit),用地方财政一般预算收入反映[53];④地区工业发展程度(DEVit),用规模以上工业总产值反映;⑤社会经济对外开放程度(OPEit),用全社会固定资产投资反映[54];⑥市场潜力(MKTit),用社会消费品零售总额反映[55];⑦信息化水平(INFit),用县域固定电话拥有户数反映[55]
表1为国家公园体制试点对县域新设企业数量影响的基准回归结果。为控制县域层面随时间变化可能存在的不可观测干扰因素,模型中引入了县域固定效应和年份固定效应。列(1)为仅添加解释变量的回归结果,结果显示解释变量国家公园体制试点(DIDit)的估计系数为2.145,且在1%水平上显著,初步说明武夷山国家公园体制试点提升了企业进入水平。为提高基准回归结果的稳健性,进一步逐步增加控制变量,回归结果如列(2)-(8)所示。由列(8)可知DIDit的估计系数为0.274,且通过了1%水平的显著性检验。上述结果表明,相较于国家公园没有涉及的县域,国家公园体制试点对涉及的县域新设企业数量具有促进效应。
原因可能在于,国家公园体制试点改善了区域生态环境,完善了公共基础设施,并提升了绿色品牌价值;这些举措共同强化了区位优势,对符合绿色生态定位的企业产生了强大拉力,进而促进更多企业来此安家落户。例如福建武夷山国家公园采取公园内外差异化补偿、景区林地入股分红等创新经营模式;对九曲溪竹筏游览、环保观光车、漂流等实行特许经营,诸多举措为企业提供了良好的投资环境和发展机遇,促进了新设企业增长。
首先,双重差分方法使用的前提是处理组和对照组在政策实施前满足共同变化趋势。在国家公园体制试点前,处理组和对照组存在显著差异的假设,未通过显著性检验,表明试点区与非试点区不存在显著差异,满足共同趋势假设。其次,利用事件研究方法,检验体制试点影响新设企业数量的时间持续性,并绘制各年份内该效应的动态变化。在国家公园体制试点实施后第1年至第6年,体制试点显著促进了新设企业数量增长,且在第3年影响达到最大,随后逐步减小(图2)。总体而言,国家公园体制试点对新设企业数量影响呈现先增加后减弱态势。
政策往往会受到各种不可观测因素的影响,且控制变量也未必能全面概括这些因素,为此本文通过安慰剂检验对结果进行反证。首先,随机化处理样本。保持武夷山国家公园体制试点的时间不变,随机抽取部分县作为处理组,重新虚构处理组个体。其次,随机化处理时间。保持武夷山国家公园体制试点涉及的县域不变,把试点时间进行随机化。将上述过程各重复1000次,再通过双重差分模型估计DIDit系数和P值。
图3为国家公园体制试点对新设企业数量的安慰剂检验结果。图3a显示,随机化处理组后的核密度曲线呈正态分布,其峰值主要集中在-0.013附近,明显小于基准回归系数0.274,且P值不显著。图3b显示,随机化处理政策实施时间后的核密度曲线呈正态分布,回归系数集中在-0.024附近,且P值也不显著。由此反事实检验可以证明,国家公园体制试点对新设企业数量确实存在正向影响,而非偶然观测的意外结果。
表2列(1)-(2)分别为不含控制变量一次项、含控制变量一次项,且样本分割比例为1:2的回归结果。为避免模型设定偏误对结论产生影响,本文重设样本分割比例,由先前的1:2改为1:3和1:4,其模型结果分别为列(3)-(4),探究样本分割比例对结论的可能影响。同时,将双重机器学习所用的随机森林算法更改成梯度提升和岭回归,其模型结果分别为列(5)-(6)。结果表明,添加控制变量、重设样本分割比例、更换不同机器学习算法后,本文基准回归结果依然稳健。
依据《统计上大中小微型企业划分标准(2017)》关于各行业大中小微型企业划分标准,对新设企业规模进行分组,并检验国家公园体制试点对不同规模新设企业数量的异质影响。由表3可知:①武夷山国家公园体制试点对县域大、中、小、微型企业的新设企业数量均具有显著影响。原因可能在于,武夷山国家公园涉及县域的基础设施建设、生态环境保护、绿色产业发展等得到加强,营造了良好的生态和经营环境,为各类企业发展提供了新的机遇,从而吸引了不同规模的企业来此选址。同时,随着武夷山国家公园体制试点的逐步实施,新的自然资源保护管理体系建立,不同部门间的关系逐步理顺,改变了以往“九龙治水”的局面。②国家公园体制试点对大、中、小、微型企业的影响依次减小。原因可能在于,大型企业由于自身的资源优势、管理能力和市场拓展能力,使得它们在国家公园体制试点中能够更好地应对挑战、抓住机遇,因此其受到的影响明显大于中小微型企业。
借鉴李硕等[11]的做法,将企业划分为国有企业、私营企业、港澳台投资企业、外资企业进行分组回归。由表4可知:国家公园体制试点促进了私营、国有、港澳台投资、外资企业的新设企业数量,其中对外资企业的影响最小。原因可能在于,外资企业更倾向制度稳定性和成熟度高的项目,而我国国家公园在生态补偿、特许经营、社区发展等方面仍处于探索阶段。因此,外资企业的投资意愿会低于对当地政策更加熟悉、经营更灵活的国有和私营企业。
武夷山国家公园的设立,不仅是对区域内自然生态系统的一次全面保护,更是对传统发展模式的一次深刻变革,旨在保证生态安全的前提下,合理引导和调控人类活动。该过程中势必会影响不同行业企业的异质性区位选择。为此,本文进一步从行业角度,探讨国家公园体制试点对不同行业新设企业数量的影响。
表5可知:国家公园体制试点对“农、林、牧、渔业”“批发和零售业”“交通运输、仓储和邮政业”等7个行业的影响系数均为正,且通过显著性检验。主要原因是:一方面,国家公园体制试点通过推动社区基础设施建设,尤其是在交通运输与信息通信网络方面的显著改善,促进了“交通运输、仓储物流及邮政业”“信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业”“农、林、牧、渔业”“批发和零售业”等行业中新设企业的生成与扩展。另一方面,体制试点有效激活了“文化、体育和娱乐业”“科学研究和技术服务”及“住宿和餐饮业”等第三产业的发展需求,显著增强了市场吸引力与资源整合能力,从而加速了上述行业中新设企业的空间集聚与产业集群。
产业结构高级化是产业结构从低水平状态向高水平状态发展的动态过程。借鉴支宇鹏等[56]的做法,采用第三产业与第二产业产值之比来衡量产业结构高级化。
表6可知:①国家公园体制试点对第一、第二、第三产业的回归系数为正,且通过1%显著性检验,说明国家公园体制试点有助于促进各产业新设企业数量增长,且从回归系数来看,对第三产业的新设企业数量影响系数最大。主要原因是,武夷山国家公园通过提供独特的自然景观、丰富的生态资源和高品质的生态环境,吸引了大量的自然教育、户外运动、生态体验、旅游康养等业态企业,从而推动了相关服务行业的发展。另外,国家公园的建立还促进了科学研究和教育活动的开展,例如生物多样性监测、土壤改良、绿肥套种等,进一步推动了知识和技术的进步,为相关产业的发展提供了智力支持。②国家公园体制试点对县域产业结构高级化的影响系数为正,且通过显著性检验。由此可见,国家公园体制试点显著促进了产业结构升级。
国家公园体制试点并非单纯的生态约束工具,而是通过多重机制,重塑新设企业的区位决策环境。一方面,国家公园体制试点通过严格的环境准入标准、资源利用限制、污染物排放控制等环境规制,限制或清退高污染企业发展。例如三江源国家公园通过清理不合理开发项目,严格限制矿产开发等,全面开展生态修复,提高草地覆盖度。另一方面,通过生态补偿、基础设施建设、绿色金融等制度红利,促进或吸引绿色产业集聚。例如海南热带雨林国家公园通过推动碳汇交易、生态旅游等,促进绿色产业发展。郭俊杰等[57]、苏涛永等[58]关于环境规制与企业投资、企业进入退出的研究结论,也为这一发现提供了可能的解释,环境规制在抑制高污染企业进入的同时,能够通过生态补偿和绿色金融等制度红利吸引绿色企业布局;此外,武夷山国家公园的品牌效应及公共设施的完善,进一步强化了对绿色企业的集聚效应。
大型企业因资源整合能力强、技术适应性高,更能把握国家公园体制试点带来的新市场机遇(如茶科技、茶文化、茶产业),以及更好地应对体制试点的挑战。因此,国家公园体制试点对大型企业的影响明显大于中、小、微型企业。Dube等[59]基于企业区位决策资源依赖视角的研究也发现,企业规模越大,越有能力应对环境规制带来的成本压力,并能有效利用制度红利实现转型升级。此外,在4种类型(国有、私营、港澳台投资、外资)企业中,国家公园体制试点对私营企业的影响最为显著,对外资企业的影响较小。该结论与李硕等[11]、唐岑岑等[33]关于环境规制与企业进入、对外投资的实证结果一致,表明环境规制作为一种信号效应,对不同所有制企业的影响存在显著差异。
国家公园体制试点不仅是生态文明建设的重大制度创新,更是驱动区域产业结构向高级化演进的重要政策工具。通过测度各县域产业结构高级化指数,本文发现国家公园体制试点显著促进了县域层面的产业结构升级,明显促进了第三产业新设企业的增长。这一发现印证了具有国家代表性优质资源和极高品牌价值的国家公园,能够有效吸引与生态环境相容、高附加值、低环境污染的现代服务业[60]。其内在逻辑在于,国家公园体制试点的建设强化生态保护效能、完善基础设施建设、提升社区治理能力,激发自然教育、生态旅游、康养休闲等市场需求,为第三产业发展创造巨大发展空间。
值得注意的是,武夷山国家公园体制试点对“农、林、牧、渔业”等第一产业和第二产业同样表现出显著促进效应,这说明体制试点并非抑制第一、二产业发展,而是通过培育生态农业、绿色农业等新型模式,引导第一产业生态化转型;通过设立绿色准入标准,提供技术支撑等,实现第二产业低碳转型。该结论从宏观上揭示了国家公园体制试点的政策效应,以及促进县域产业结构升级的内在逻辑。
总之,本文探讨了国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响,揭示了国家公园体制试点在协调保护与发展关系上的积极效应,为以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设提供了范本。一方面,通过国家公园体制试点期间的环境规制,人地约束有望转化为企业投资动力,塑造绿色发展的营商环境;另一方面,在集体林地占比相对较高的国家公园,能够通过体制试点促进产业结构升级,表明以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,不仅是生态保护的高地,更是生态文明时期实现绿色发展的新场域。
本文基于2000—2023年福建省各县域新设企业的注册信息,以武夷山国家公园体制试点为政策冲击,利用双重差分、机器学习等模型研究国家公园体制试点对区域新设企业的影响。主要结论如下:
(1)武夷山国家公园体制试点显著促进了区域新设企业数量增长,且影响呈现先增加后减弱态势。武夷山国家公园体制试点通过环境规制和制度红利等路径重塑了新设企业的决策环境,进而影响其区位选择。
(2)就异质性而言,武夷山国家公园体制试点对大型企业的影响大于中、小、微型企业。体制试点增加了国有、私营、港澳台投资的新设企业数量,但对外资企业的影响较弱。
(3)进一步分析发现,武夷山国家公园体制试点促进了包括“批发和零售业”“交通运输、仓储和邮政业”“住宿和餐饮业”“信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业”“文化、体育和娱乐业”等行业新设企业数量增长,并进一步促进县域产业结构升级。
(4)武夷山国家公园案例表明,国家公园体制试点并非单纯的生态保护,而是重塑区位优势、筛选市场主体、驱动产业升级的重要制度工具。随着我国国家公园建设从“试点探索”到“全面推进”的转变,其政策效应将从局部生态保护,演变成促进区域高质量发展、实现人与自然和谐共生的重要引擎。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42471249)
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2026年第48卷第2期
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doi: 10.18402/resci.2026.02.07
  • 接收时间:2025-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-07-08
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-14
  • 修回日期:2026-01-05
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国家自然科学基金项目(42471249)
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    湖北经济学院旅游与酒店管理学院, 武汉 430205

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陈乔,男,湖北荆门人,副教授,研究方向为国家公园社区治理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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