Article(id=1284574890548249309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11674/zwyf.2025391, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757001600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1764345600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-29, onlineDate=1784196120153, onlineDateStr=2026-07-16, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1784196120153, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1784196120153, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1784196120153, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1284574825708503250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, year='2026', volume='32', issue='5', pageStart='965', pageEnd='1180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1784196104695, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784196513220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1284576539283001906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1284576539283001907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1147, endPage=1158, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1284574890837656286, articleId=1284574890548249309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, language=EN, title=Preparation of pH-responsive lignin hydrogels and their nutrient release behavior, columnId=1284574826530586835, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objectives

Conventional fertilizers often face difficulties in controlling nutrient release rates and exhibit relatively low utilization efficiency. Thus, environment-responsive fertilizers that modulate nutrient release in response to environmental changes are progressively emerging as pivotal technological approaches for advancing sustainable agriculture.

Methods

Lignin (L) was hydrolyzed using urea/NaOH (UR/SH) at low temperatures to obtain hydrolyzed lignin (HL). The hydrolyzed lignin was then cross-linked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) to prepare a hydrolyzed lignin hydrogel (HLHG). The HLHG was subsequently employed as a carrier for diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer to create a pH-responsive hydrogel fertilizer.

Results

The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined to be 18 h and −10℃. Under these conditions, the contents of hydroxyl (—OH) and carboxyl (—COOH) groups reached their maximum levels, increasing by approximately 68% and 99%, respectively, compared to untreated L. The obtained pH-responsive lignin hydrogel [HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h] showed an equilibrium swelling ratio of 1216%, with a water retention swelling ratio of 163% after 11 hours. These values were approximately 3 and 12 times of the unhydrolyzed lignin hydrogel (LHG), respectively. pH responsiveness analysis indicated that the hydrogel demonstrated significant pH sensitivity, with equilibrium swelling ratio of 364%, 518%, and 634% at pH 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Between the adjacent gradients of pH 6−7 and pH 7−8, the equilibrium swelling ratios increased significantly by 41% and 70%, respectively, compared to LHG. SEM analysis demonstrated pH-dependent microstructural evolution of the lignin hydrogel. As the pH increased from 5 to 8, the honeycomb network exhibited a progressive pore channel expansion with concomitant wall thinning. When the pH increased to 9, the network structure contracted, resulting in a reduction in pore channels and thickening of the pore wall. This pH-responsive behavior was mechanistically attributed to the ionization/protonation equilibria of abundant —OH and —COOH groups in lignin, as validated through integrated functional group quantification and pH responsiveness assays. Furthermore, the pH-responsive hydrogel was employed as a carrier for DAP to control the release of phosphate fertilizer nutrients. The nutrient release results showed that the cumulative release rate of P2O5 from the lignin hydrogel fertilizer in the period of 60 h was 61%, 76%, and 85% at pH 6, 7, and 8, respectively, exhibiting a prominent pH-responsive tendency.

Conclusions

UR/SH hydrolysis of lignin effectively modifies the content of active functional groups and the internal spatial network structure of lignin, it is possible to create pH-responsive lignin hydrogels with enhanced water absorption and retention capacities. Utilizing this pH-responsive lignin-based hydrogel as a carrier for fertilizers offers a valuable reference for the effective utilization of lignin resources and the design of bio-based green fertilizer for nutrient control release.

, authors=Xin-yu LIU1, Shou-yu GU1, Cui-hong HOU1, *, Jun-yan MIAO1, Ling-shan LI2, Ling-xiang ZHOU2, Jian-bo DU2, Hong-ling GUAN1, *, authorsList=Xin-yu LIU, Shou-yu GU, Cui-hong HOU, Jun-yan MIAO, Ling-shan LI, Ling-xiang ZHOU, Jian-bo DU, Hong-ling GUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Cui-hong HOU, Hong-ling GUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of plant nutrition and fertilizer. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1284574894256014069, articleId=1284574890548249309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, language=CN, title=pH响应型木质素水凝胶的制备及其养分释放行为, columnId=1284574826685776085, journalTitle=植物营养与肥料学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

传统肥料存在养分释放速率难以调控、利用率偏低等问题。而能依据环境变化调控养分释放的环境响应型肥料,正逐渐成为推动可持续农业发展的关键技术载体。

方法

利用尿素/氢氧化钠(urea/NaOH,UR/SH)在低温下水解处理木质素(L),得到水解木质素(HL),并通过HL与聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDGE)发生交联反应制备水解木质素水凝胶(HLHG)。随后以HLHG作为磷酸二铵(DAP)肥料的载体,制备pH响应型水凝胶肥料。

结果

UR/SH水解L的最佳条件为18 h和−10℃,该条件下木质素中羟基(—OH)及羧基(—COOH)含量最高,与未处理L相比分别增加了约68%、99%。以此获得的pH响应型木质素水凝胶[HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h]表现出优异的吸水与保水性能,其吸水平衡溶胀度为1216%,保水溶胀11 h时的保水溶胀度为163%,分别约为未水解木质素水凝胶(LHG)的3倍和12倍。pH响应性分析表明,该水凝胶具有显著的pH敏感性,在pH 6、pH 7和pH 8条件下的平衡溶胀度分别为364%、518%、634%。相邻pH值间即pH 6~7、pH 7~8的平衡溶胀度相较于LHG分别显著提高了41%和70%。SEM分析显示,木质素水凝胶的微观结构随pH环境变化而改变:在pH 5~8范围内,其pH响应性蜂窝状网络结构中孔道数量增加且孔壁变薄;当pH升至9时,网络结构发生收缩,导致孔道数量减少且孔壁增厚。官能团含量分析和pH响应性测试结果表明,该水凝胶的pH响应行为主要来源于木质素中大量—OH和—COOH基团在不同酸碱性环境下的电离与质子化过程。采用pH响应水凝胶作为DAP载体,可控制营养元素的释放。养分释放结果表明,在pH 6、pH 7和pH 8时,木质素水凝胶肥料中P2O5的60 h累积释放率分别为61%、76%和85%。

结论

UR/SH水解木质素通过改变木质素活性官能团含量以及内部空间网络结构,可获得具有优越吸水和保水能力的pH响应型木质素水凝胶;以此类pH响应木质素基水凝胶作为肥料载体,可为木质素资源的有效利用和新一代生物基绿色智能肥的养分控制释放设计提供建设性参考。

, authors=刘欣雨1, 谷守玉1, 侯翠红1, *, 苗俊艳1, 李玲珊2, 周凌翔2, 杜建波2, 关红玲1, *, authorsList=刘欣雨, 谷守玉, 侯翠红, 苗俊艳, 李玲珊, 周凌翔, 杜建波, 关红玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=侯翠红, 关红玲, authorNote=

刘欣雨 E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
* 侯翠红 E-mail:
关红玲 E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《植物营养与肥料学报》2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=eYfAdPFBlXpRILKGrIpG4g==, magXml=oF4J+zQmpnrgbpZBmONCCQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ogdsiJx1DEI94mW/UxpzTg==, pdfFileSize=5302021, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3w5OGksaDF7TX4KXSWt8Fg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uqKUjfOqe5PpU4qY4kdPKg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1284574894658667261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13721718392@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574894729970431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894658667261, language=EN, stringName=Xin-yu LIU, firstName=Xin-yu, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574894797079296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894658667261, language=CN, stringName=刘欣雨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574894872576770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574894948074244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894872576770, language=EN, stringName=Shou-yu GU, firstName=Shou-yu, middleName=null, lastName=GU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895023571717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894872576770, language=CN, stringName=谷守玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574895086486279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hch92@zzu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895178760969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895086486279, language=EN, stringName=Cui-hong HOU, firstName=Cui-hong, middleName=null, lastName=HOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895245869834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895086486279, language=CN, stringName=侯翠红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574895321367308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895409447694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895321367308, language=EN, stringName=Jun-yan MIAO, firstName=Jun-yan, middleName=null, lastName=MIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895493333775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895321367308, language=CN, stringName=苗俊艳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574895564636945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895640134419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895564636945, language=EN, stringName=Ling-shan LI, firstName=Ling-shan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895703048980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895564636945, language=CN, stringName=李玲珊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894553809657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894562198266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894566392571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600)])]), Author(id=1284574895778546454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897426907928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895778546454, language=EN, stringName=Ling-xiang ZHOU, firstName=Ling-xiang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897514988313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895778546454, language=CN, stringName=周凌翔, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894553809657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894562198266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894566392571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600)])]), Author(id=1284574897598874395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897724703517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897598874395, language=EN, stringName=Jian-bo DU, firstName=Jian-bo, middleName=null, lastName=DU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897812783902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897598874395, language=CN, stringName=杜建波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894553809657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894562198266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894566392571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600)])]), Author(id=1284574897905058592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=guanhongling@zzu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897997333282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897905058592, language=EN, stringName=Hong-ling GUAN, firstName=Hong-ling, middleName=null, lastName=GUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574898068636451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897905058592, language=CN, stringName=关红玲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1284574898160911140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=lignin), Keyword(id=1284574898228020005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=pH-responsive), Keyword(id=1284574898295128870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=carrier), Keyword(id=1284574898416763687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=hydrogel fertilizer), Keyword(id=1284574898538398504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=controlled nutrient release), Keyword(id=1284574898609701673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=木质素), Keyword(id=1284574898727142186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=pH响应性), Keyword(id=1284574898798445355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=载体), Keyword(id=1284574898865554220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=水凝胶肥料), Keyword(id=1284574898936857389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=营养控制释放)], refs=[Reference(id=1284574902468461380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dimkpa C O, Fugice J, Singh U, et al. Development of fertilizers for enhanced nitrogen use efficiency−trends and perspectives[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 731: 139113., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574902552347461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=易琼, 张秀芝, 何萍, 等. 氮肥减施对稻−麦轮作体系作物氮素吸收、利用和土壤氮素平衡的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(5): 1069−1077., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574902636233542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yi Q, Zhang X, He P, et al. Effects of reducing N application on crop N uptake, utilization, and soil N balance in rice-wheat rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2010, 16(5): 1069−1077., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574902699148103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯瑞, 鲁振亚, 马航, 等. 肥料产品绿色智能设计思路[J]. 现代化工, 2024, 44(8): 7−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574902787228488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng R, Lu Z Y, Ma H, et al. Green intelligent design ideas for fertilizer products[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2024, 44(8): 7−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574902871114569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李涛, 吕少瑜, 陈姣, 等. 高分子基环境响应性肥料的研究进展[J]. 高分子学报, 2018, (3): 336−348., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574902938223434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Lü S Y, Chen J, et al. Progress in polymer-based environment-responsive fertilizers[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2018, (3): 336−348., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903005332299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mansouri H, Said H A, Noukrati H, et al. Advances in controlled release fertilizers: Cost-effective coating techniques and smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels[J]. Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2023, 7(9): 2300149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903080829772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H H, Qu G F, Liu X X, et al. Hydrogel materials in agriculture: A review[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13(3): 116385., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903181493069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=甘子华, 张新疆, 代明珠, 等. 水稻绿色智能肥的增产效应与增产机理研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2024, (8): 128−136., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903273767758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gan Z H, Zhang X J, Dai M Z, et al. Research on the yield increasing effect and mechanism of green intelligent fertilizer on rice[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2024, (8): 128−136., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903366042447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Salimi M, Motamedi E, Motesharezedeh B, et al. Starch-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composites reinforced with natural char nanoparticles toward environmentally benign slow-release urea fertilizers[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2020, 8(3): 103765., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903454122832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shang H, Yang X, Liu H. Temperature-responsive hydrogel prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized N-vinylcaprolactam with potential for fertilizer delivery[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 313: 120875., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903538008913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=农资与市场. 安徽农业大学张丽红教授揭秘“磁聚智能水凝胶肥料”新成果[EB/OL]. (2025−08−12) [2025−09−04]. https://www.enongzi.com/news/details., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903634477906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Agricultural Supplies and Market. Professor Zhang Lihong from Anhui Agricultural University unveils new breakthrough in “Magnetic aggregation intelligent hydrogel fertilizer ”. [EB/OL]. (2025−08−12) [2025−09−04]. https://www.enongzi.com/news/details., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903705781075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李彬, 王元晨, 丁仕奇, 等. 智能水凝胶肥料在水稻上的应用效果[J]. 肥料与健康, 2025, 52(1): 26−28, 36., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903802250068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li B, Wang Y C, Ding S Q, et al. Application effect of intelligent hydrogel fertilizer on rice[J]. Fertilizer & Health, 2025, 52(1): 26−28, 36., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903894524757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rodrigues J S, Lima V, Araujo L C P, et al. Lignin fractionation methods: Can lignin fractions be separated in a true industrial process? [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2021, 60(30): 10863−10881., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574903986799446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁嘉敏, 霍鹏举, 郭涛, 等. 木质素基腐植酸液体肥料对土壤生物化学性质及香蕉幼苗生长的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 980−990., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904049714007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liang J M, Huo P J, Guo T, et al. Effects of lignin-based humic acid liquid fertilizer on soil biochemistry and banana seedling growth[J]. Joumal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 980−990., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904121017176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=关红玲, 杨辉, 井红权, 等. 木质素基控释材料及其在药物输送和肥料控释中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3695−3707., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904209097561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guan H L, Yang H, Jing H Q, et al. Lignin-based controlled release materials and application in drug delivery and fertilizer controlled-release[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3695−3707., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904288789338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao S, Abu-Omar M M. Materials based on technical bulk lignin[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, 9(4): 1477−1493., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904360092507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡占琴, 张默晗, 邬刚, 等. 一株多功能秸秆木质素降解菌株的筛选、鉴定及条件优化[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2024, 51(4): 638−643., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904456561500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu Z Q, Zhang M H, Wu G, et al. Screening, identification and optimization of conditions for a multifunctional straw lignin-degrading strain[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2024, 51(4): 638−643., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904561419101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sheng Y Q, Lam S S, Wu Y J, Ge S B. Enzymatic conversion of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass: A review on influence of structural changes of lignin[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021, 324: 124613., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904645305182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董茂林, 陈李栋, 黄六莲, 等. 酸性助水溶剂制备木质纳米纤维素及功能应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2281−2295., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574904720802655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong M L, Chen L D, Huang L L, et al. Research progress in preparation of ligno nanocellulose by acid hydrotropes and their functional applications[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2281−2295., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906369164128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang H, Yoo C G, Meng X, et al. Structural changes of lignins in natural Populus variants during different pretreatments[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020, 295: 122240., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906427884385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao X, Wan H F, Sun S F, et al. Industrial lignin activation with enhanced antioxidant capability in mild halogen-free protic ionic liquids[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 219: 119020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906486604642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ke Y, Wang Y, Xu W. The influence of NaOH/urea treatment on the transfer law of water in cotton fabric[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 218: 118961., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906566296419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jing X, Chai X, Long S, et al. Urea/sodium hydroxide pretreatments enhance decomposition of maize straw in soils and sorption of straw residues toward herbicides[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 431: 128467., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906629210980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Y, Shen J, Wang W, et al. Demethylation of lignin with mild conditions and preparation of green adhesives to reduce formaldehyde emissions and health risks[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 242(1): 124462., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906700514149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李娟, 杨相东. 温度敏感型缓/控释肥料的温度响应特征、养分释放性能与温敏机理研究进展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30(9): 1812−1822., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906776011622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li J, Yang X D. Temperature sensitivity, nutrient release performance, and temperature sensitive mechanism of temperature-sensitive slow/controlled-release fertilizers: A comprehensive research review[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2024, 30(9): 1812−1822., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906847314791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙书瑞, 储广萌, 李义臣, 等. 光子晶体传感器在生物医学中的应用进展[J]. 材料工程, 2025, 68: 1−19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574906931200872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun S R, Chu G M, Li Y C, et al. Applications of photonic crystal sensors in biomedicine[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2025, 68: 1−19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907006698345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shaghaleh H, Hamoud Y A, Sun Q. Functionalized nanocellulose nanocomposite hydrogels for soil and water pollution prevention, remediation, and monitoring: A critical review on fabrication, application properties, and potential mechanisms[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12(1): 1118921., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907078001514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hanykova L, Stastna J, Krakovsky I. Responsive acrylamide-based hydrogels: Advances in interpenetrating polymer structures[J]. Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2024, 10(7): 414−432., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907149304683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z, Cheng Q, Lu B, et al. Fabrication of antimicrobial cationic hydrogels driven by physically and chemically crosslinking for wound healing[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 259: 129213., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907212219244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan S, Chai L, Li W, et al. Tunning the properties of pH-responsive lignin-based hydrogels by regulating hydroxyl content[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 643: 128815., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907283522413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Puss K K, Loog M, Salmar S. Ultrasound enhanced solubilization of forest biorefinery hydrolysis lignin in mild alkaline conditions[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2023, 93: 106288., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907350631278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于丁一. 环境响应性木质素基水凝胶药物载体的制备和性能研究[D]. 郑州: 河南中医药大学硕士学位论文, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907434517359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu D Y. Study on preparation and properties of environmental responsive lignin based hydrogel[D]. Zhengzhou: MS Thesis of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907560346480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dai L, Ma M, Xu J, et al. All-lignin-based hydrogel with fast pH-stimuli responsiveness for mechanical switching and actuation[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2020, 32(10): 4324−4330., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907661009777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Mohebbipour A, Mao J C, et al. Lignin reinforced hydrogels with multi-functional sensing and moist-electric generating applications[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 193: 941−947., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907753284466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=An L, Chen J, Heo J W, et al. Preparation of pH-responsive lignin via a thiol-yne reaction and its application in hydrogel[J]. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 2022, 42(6): 445−455., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907832976243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张福锁, 黄成东, 申建波, 等. 绿色智能肥料: 矿产资源养分全量利用的创新思路与产业化途径[J]. 土壤学报, 2023, 60(5): 1203−1212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907895890804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang F S, Huang C D, Shen J B, et al. Green intelligent fertilizer: New insight into making full use of mineral nutrient resources and industrial approach[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2023, 60(5): 1203−1212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574907962999669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余丽璇. 氢氧化钠/尿素和甲酸预处理强化酶解木质素磺化反应活性研究[D]. 广东: 华南理工大学硕士学位论文, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908055274358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu L X. Sulfonation reactivity enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin via NaOH/urea and formic acid pretreatment[D]. Guangdong: MS Thesis of South China University of Technology, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908126577527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li T, Lu S Y, Yan J, et al. An environment-friendly fertilizer prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly for pH-responsive nutrient release[J]. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(11): 10941−10950., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908206269304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=管士强. 改性凹凸棒土/SA/PNIPAm水凝胶的制备及肥料控释性能研究[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学硕士学位论文, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908290155385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guan S Q. Preparation of modified attapulgite/SA/PNIPAm hydrogel and its controlled-release properties of fertilizer[D]. Zhengzhou: MS Thesis of Zhengzhou University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908361458554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王东旭. 高吸水可循环使用水凝胶的制备及性能研究[D]. 长春: 长春工业大学硕士学位论文, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908441150331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang D X. The preparation and performance research of superabsorbent reusable hydrogels[D]. Changchun: MS Thesis of Changchun University of Technology, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908516647804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=华冰艳. 基于海藻酸钠的智能凝胶材料的制备与应用[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学硕士学位论文, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908596339581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hua B Y. Preparation and application of sodiumalginate-based smart hydrogel materials[D]. Zhengzhou: MS Thesis of Henan University of Technology, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908655059838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tan X X, Lv Q H, Dong G H, et al. Insight into the preparation and improved properties of cellulose citrate ester hydrogel slow-release fertilizer[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 222(1): 119517., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574908713780095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=El Bouchtaoui F Z, Ablouh E H, Kassem I, et al. Slow-release fertilizers based on lignin−sodium alginate biopolymeric blend for sustained N−P nutrients release[J]. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 2022, 19(5): 1551−1565., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574894553809657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894562198266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894566392571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1284574899087852334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic illustration of the preparation of UR/SH hydrolyzed lignin hydrogel, figureFileSmall=2heoHCLMJGKrdlHTuGYQ4Q==, figureFileBig=3w5OGksaDF7TX4KXSWt8Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899163349807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图1, caption=UR/SH水解木质素水凝胶的制备示意图, figureFileSmall=2heoHCLMJGKrdlHTuGYQ4Q==, figureFileBig=3w5OGksaDF7TX4KXSWt8Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899360482096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Variation in the contents of —OH and —COOH groups in lignin under different hydrolysis temperatures at 12 h (a) and different hydrolysis times at −10℃ (b), figureFileSmall=1S89kGh/bzPkO23Gf08DRA==, figureFileBig=y3YNQJDlCtdpeYkDJ5BgHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899423396657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图2, caption=12 h不同水解温度(a)和−10℃不同水解时间(b)条件下木质素中—OH和—COOH基团含量变化, figureFileSmall=1S89kGh/bzPkO23Gf08DRA==, figureFileBig=y3YNQJDlCtdpeYkDJ5BgHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899519865650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fourier transform infrared spectra of different samples, figureFileSmall=qkknofOTuHHIjJ8aQUSNow==, figureFileBig=kldJVgOnKY9DDe1ZpglJfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899616334643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同样品的傅立叶变换红外光谱图

注:L—木质素; HL—水解木质素;HLHG—水解木质素水凝胶;PEGDGE—聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚。

, figureFileSmall=qkknofOTuHHIjJ8aQUSNow==, figureFileBig=kldJVgOnKY9DDe1ZpglJfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899721192244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Water absorption and water retention properties of lignin hydrogels under different hydrolysis conditions, figureFileSmall=Xfzy/AjbP4Fs6Vo64meDYA==, figureFileBig=RDmjDeRYUpIQY/cVU+LQHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899796689717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同水解条件下木质素水凝胶的吸水性能及保水性能

注:LHG—木质素水凝胶;HLHG—水解木质素水凝胶。

, figureFileSmall=Xfzy/AjbP4Fs6Vo64meDYA==, figureFileBig=RDmjDeRYUpIQY/cVU+LQHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899872187190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Relationship between the equilibrium swelling degree of hydrolyzed lignin hydrogel and solution pH under different conditions, figureFileSmall=Y8sMKRItehnHQLxYaSyWzw==, figureFileBig=JcqgGTjGdoqRrKZtS0cupQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574899939296055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同条件下水解木质素水凝胶平衡溶胀度与溶液pH的关系, figureFileSmall=Y8sMKRItehnHQLxYaSyWzw==, figureFileBig=JcqgGTjGdoqRrKZtS0cupQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574900010599224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Schematic illustration of the pH-responsive mechanism of UR/SH hydrolyed lignin hydrogels, figureFileSmall=PZPr5gO2I01lGL7xg9Tl0Q==, figureFileBig=M/09dpctDSLxtVtnK/6L2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574900073513785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图6, caption=UR/SH水解木质素水凝胶的pH响应机制示意图, figureFileSmall=PZPr5gO2I01lGL7xg9Tl0Q==, figureFileBig=M/09dpctDSLxtVtnK/6L2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574900136428346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Equilibrium swelling degree of hydrolyzed lignin hydrogel at adjacent pH conditions, figureFileSmall=VzsqvhQ+mw1lPAO7CHxYZw==, figureFileBig=4axBSSmJT8uiN9SftlrsbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574900203537211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图7, caption=水解木质素水凝胶在相邻pH条件下平衡溶胀度的变化, figureFileSmall=VzsqvhQ+mw1lPAO7CHxYZw==, figureFileBig=4axBSSmJT8uiN9SftlrsbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574900300006204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=SEM images of hydrogels at different pH values, figureFileSmall=xC2AnsvNukU03e3sfw7TaA==, figureFileBig=ez5/GkvMXZGu4qvU7DGr6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574901902230333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同pH条件下水凝胶的扫描电镜图像

Note: (a)—LHG, pH 7; (b)—HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h, pH 5; (c)—HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h, pH 6; (d)—HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h, pH 7; (e)—HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h, pH 8; (f)—HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h, pH 9.

, figureFileSmall=xC2AnsvNukU03e3sfw7TaA==, figureFileBig=ez5/GkvMXZGu4qvU7DGr6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574901973533502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Cumulative release of P2O5 from diammonium phosphate (DAP) and lignin hydrogel fertilizer, figureFileSmall=BiAtMueQxrdfVnA0HqYx+A==, figureFileBig=TPe8H6aTuE18JnWFimI1QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574902044836671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图9, caption=磷酸二铵(DAP)和木质素水凝胶肥料的P2O5累计释放量, figureFileSmall=BiAtMueQxrdfVnA0HqYx+A==, figureFileBig=TPe8H6aTuE18JnWFimI1QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574902107751232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=P2O5 release profile of lignin hydrogel fertilizer at different pH values, figureFileSmall=foq1zLmDStMu3GbE4eKcoQ==, figureFileBig=DNyBsvTWkj4j/SeoHBl9cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574902187443009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同pH条件下木质素水凝胶肥料的P2O5释放特征, figureFileSmall=foq1zLmDStMu3GbE4eKcoQ==, figureFileBig=DNyBsvTWkj4j/SeoHBl9cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574902262940482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Schematic illustration of the P2O5 release mechanism of lignin hydrogel fertilizer under different pH conditions, figureFileSmall=DMP54YshBvLcVKX9BWc3dQ==, figureFileBig=T2oi1+6OCr7VslARfDyOlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574902346826563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同pH条件下木质素水凝胶肥料P2O5释放行为的机理示意图, figureFileSmall=DMP54YshBvLcVKX9BWc3dQ==, figureFileBig=T2oi1+6OCr7VslARfDyOlA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1283839223585312784, delFlag=0, nameCn=植物营养与肥料学报, nameEn=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1008-505X, eissn=null, cn=11-3996/S, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=dCKGycqe7YDMEQsPpjb5Ow==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1784020723484, updatedTime=1784195529763, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=Z, firstLetterEn=Z, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=dCKGycqe7YDMEQsPpjb5Ow==, picEn=bZxmSC22ew5fjJPt1rW7Sg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283846180106900474, language=CN, name=植物营养与肥料学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022382046, updatedTime=1784022382046, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283846180157232123, language=EN, name=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022382058, updatedTime=1784022382058, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1283840259964276757, websiteList=[Website(id=1283840757266104700, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1283840259964276757, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1784021089140, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1784021175331, updateBy=18614031015, name=植物营养与肥料学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=植物营养与肥料学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1283841384880783829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1784021238775, updateTime=1784021238775, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384851423698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1784021238768, updateTime=1784021238768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384910143960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021238782, updateTime=1784021238782, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384838840785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=s07gs2gBRxOZN9fx6mitbQ==, createTime=1784021238765, updateTime=1784021238765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384926921178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021238786, updateTime=1784021238786, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384872395220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1784021238773, updateTime=1784021238773, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384918532569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021238784, updateTime=1784021238784, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384864006611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1784021238771, updateTime=1784021238771, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384893366742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1784021238778, updateTime=1784021238778, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384901755351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1784021238780, updateTime=1784021238780, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1283840757329019266, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1283840259964276757, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1784021089155, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1784021151049, updateBy=18614031015, name=植物营养与肥料学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1283841353800991176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1784021231365, updateTime=1784021231365, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353775825349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1784021231359, updateTime=1784021231359, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353821962699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021231370, updateTime=1784021231370, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353742270916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=s07gs2gBRxOZN9fx6mitbQ==, createTime=1784021231351, updateTime=1784021231351, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353842934221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021231375, updateTime=1784021231375, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353796796871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1784021231364, updateTime=1784021231364, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353834545612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021231373, updateTime=1784021231373, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353788408262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1784021231362, updateTime=1784021231362, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353809379785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1784021231367, updateTime=1784021231367, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353817768394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1784021231369, updateTime=1784021231369, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=植物营养与肥料学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.plantnutrifert.org/, iacademicId=, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, journalPhotoCn=dCKGycqe7YDMEQsPpjb5Ow==, journalPhotoEn=bZxmSC22ew5fjJPt1rW7Sg==, journalFirstLetter=Z, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/10.11674/zwyf.2025391, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/10.11674/zwyf.2025391, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/PDF/10.11674/zwyf.2025391, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/PDF/10.11674/zwyf.2025391, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1779638400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
pH响应型木质素水凝胶的制备及其养分释放行为
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘欣雨 1 , 谷守玉 1 , 侯翠红 1, * , 苗俊艳 1 , 李玲珊 2 , 周凌翔 2 , 杜建波 2 , 关红玲 1, *
植物营养与肥料学报 | 研究论文 2026,32(5): 1147-1158
收起
收藏切换
植物营养与肥料学报 |研究论文 2026 , 32 (5) : 1147 -1158
pH响应型木质素水凝胶的制备及其养分释放行为
全屏
[Author(id=1284574894658667261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13721718392@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574894729970431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894658667261, language=EN, stringName=Xin-yu LIU, firstName=Xin-yu, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574894797079296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894658667261, language=CN, stringName=刘欣雨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574894872576770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574894948074244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894872576770, language=EN, stringName=Shou-yu GU, firstName=Shou-yu, middleName=null, lastName=GU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895023571717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574894872576770, language=CN, stringName=谷守玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574895086486279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hch92@zzu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895178760969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895086486279, language=EN, stringName=Cui-hong HOU, firstName=Cui-hong, middleName=null, lastName=HOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895245869834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895086486279, language=CN, stringName=侯翠红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574895321367308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895409447694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895321367308, language=EN, stringName=Jun-yan MIAO, firstName=Jun-yan, middleName=null, lastName=MIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895493333775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895321367308, language=CN, stringName=苗俊艳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])]), Author(id=1284574895564636945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895640134419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895564636945, language=EN, stringName=Ling-shan LI, firstName=Ling-shan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574895703048980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895564636945, language=CN, stringName=李玲珊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894553809657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894562198266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894566392571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600)])]), Author(id=1284574895778546454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897426907928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895778546454, language=EN, stringName=Ling-xiang ZHOU, firstName=Ling-xiang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897514988313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574895778546454, language=CN, stringName=周凌翔, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894553809657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894562198266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894566392571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600)])]), Author(id=1284574897598874395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897724703517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897598874395, language=EN, stringName=Jian-bo DU, firstName=Jian-bo, middleName=null, lastName=DU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897812783902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897598874395, language=CN, stringName=杜建波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894553809657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894562198266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894566392571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894553809657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600)])]), Author(id=1284574897905058592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=guanhongling@zzu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574897997333282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897905058592, language=EN, stringName=Hong-ling GUAN, firstName=Hong-ling, middleName=null, lastName=GUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574898068636451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, authorId=1284574897905058592, language=CN, stringName=关红玲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574894469923574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894478312183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574894486700792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574890548249309, companyId=1284574894469923574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001)])])]
刘欣雨1 , 谷守玉1, 侯翠红1, * , 苗俊艳1, 李玲珊2, 周凌翔2, 杜建波2, 关红玲1, *
作者信息
  • 1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001
  • 2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600
通讯作者:
* 侯翠红 E-mail:
关红玲 E-mail:
作者简介:

刘欣雨 E-mail:

Preparation of pH-responsive lignin hydrogels and their nutrient release behavior
Xin-yu LIU1 , Shou-yu GU1, Cui-hong HOU1, * , Jun-yan MIAO1, Ling-shan LI2, Ling-xiang ZHOU2, Jian-bo DU2, Hong-ling GUAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
  • 2Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650600, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2025391
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

传统肥料存在养分释放速率难以调控、利用率偏低等问题。而能依据环境变化调控养分释放的环境响应型肥料,正逐渐成为推动可持续农业发展的关键技术载体。

方法

利用尿素/氢氧化钠(urea/NaOH,UR/SH)在低温下水解处理木质素(L),得到水解木质素(HL),并通过HL与聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDGE)发生交联反应制备水解木质素水凝胶(HLHG)。随后以HLHG作为磷酸二铵(DAP)肥料的载体,制备pH响应型水凝胶肥料。

结果

UR/SH水解L的最佳条件为18 h和−10℃,该条件下木质素中羟基(—OH)及羧基(—COOH)含量最高,与未处理L相比分别增加了约68%、99%。以此获得的pH响应型木质素水凝胶[HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h]表现出优异的吸水与保水性能,其吸水平衡溶胀度为1216%,保水溶胀11 h时的保水溶胀度为163%,分别约为未水解木质素水凝胶(LHG)的3倍和12倍。pH响应性分析表明,该水凝胶具有显著的pH敏感性,在pH 6、pH 7和pH 8条件下的平衡溶胀度分别为364%、518%、634%。相邻pH值间即pH 6~7、pH 7~8的平衡溶胀度相较于LHG分别显著提高了41%和70%。SEM分析显示,木质素水凝胶的微观结构随pH环境变化而改变:在pH 5~8范围内,其pH响应性蜂窝状网络结构中孔道数量增加且孔壁变薄;当pH升至9时,网络结构发生收缩,导致孔道数量减少且孔壁增厚。官能团含量分析和pH响应性测试结果表明,该水凝胶的pH响应行为主要来源于木质素中大量—OH和—COOH基团在不同酸碱性环境下的电离与质子化过程。采用pH响应水凝胶作为DAP载体,可控制营养元素的释放。养分释放结果表明,在pH 6、pH 7和pH 8时,木质素水凝胶肥料中P2O5的60 h累积释放率分别为61%、76%和85%。

结论

UR/SH水解木质素通过改变木质素活性官能团含量以及内部空间网络结构,可获得具有优越吸水和保水能力的pH响应型木质素水凝胶;以此类pH响应木质素基水凝胶作为肥料载体,可为木质素资源的有效利用和新一代生物基绿色智能肥的养分控制释放设计提供建设性参考。

木质素  /  pH响应性  /  载体  /  水凝胶肥料  /  营养控制释放
Objectives

Conventional fertilizers often face difficulties in controlling nutrient release rates and exhibit relatively low utilization efficiency. Thus, environment-responsive fertilizers that modulate nutrient release in response to environmental changes are progressively emerging as pivotal technological approaches for advancing sustainable agriculture.

Methods

Lignin (L) was hydrolyzed using urea/NaOH (UR/SH) at low temperatures to obtain hydrolyzed lignin (HL). The hydrolyzed lignin was then cross-linked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) to prepare a hydrolyzed lignin hydrogel (HLHG). The HLHG was subsequently employed as a carrier for diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer to create a pH-responsive hydrogel fertilizer.

Results

The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined to be 18 h and −10℃. Under these conditions, the contents of hydroxyl (—OH) and carboxyl (—COOH) groups reached their maximum levels, increasing by approximately 68% and 99%, respectively, compared to untreated L. The obtained pH-responsive lignin hydrogel [HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h] showed an equilibrium swelling ratio of 1216%, with a water retention swelling ratio of 163% after 11 hours. These values were approximately 3 and 12 times of the unhydrolyzed lignin hydrogel (LHG), respectively. pH responsiveness analysis indicated that the hydrogel demonstrated significant pH sensitivity, with equilibrium swelling ratio of 364%, 518%, and 634% at pH 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Between the adjacent gradients of pH 6−7 and pH 7−8, the equilibrium swelling ratios increased significantly by 41% and 70%, respectively, compared to LHG. SEM analysis demonstrated pH-dependent microstructural evolution of the lignin hydrogel. As the pH increased from 5 to 8, the honeycomb network exhibited a progressive pore channel expansion with concomitant wall thinning. When the pH increased to 9, the network structure contracted, resulting in a reduction in pore channels and thickening of the pore wall. This pH-responsive behavior was mechanistically attributed to the ionization/protonation equilibria of abundant —OH and —COOH groups in lignin, as validated through integrated functional group quantification and pH responsiveness assays. Furthermore, the pH-responsive hydrogel was employed as a carrier for DAP to control the release of phosphate fertilizer nutrients. The nutrient release results showed that the cumulative release rate of P2O5 from the lignin hydrogel fertilizer in the period of 60 h was 61%, 76%, and 85% at pH 6, 7, and 8, respectively, exhibiting a prominent pH-responsive tendency.

Conclusions

UR/SH hydrolysis of lignin effectively modifies the content of active functional groups and the internal spatial network structure of lignin, it is possible to create pH-responsive lignin hydrogels with enhanced water absorption and retention capacities. Utilizing this pH-responsive lignin-based hydrogel as a carrier for fertilizers offers a valuable reference for the effective utilization of lignin resources and the design of bio-based green fertilizer for nutrient control release.

lignin  /  pH-responsive  /  carrier  /  hydrogel fertilizer  /  controlled nutrient release
刘欣雨, 谷守玉, 侯翠红, 苗俊艳, 李玲珊, 周凌翔, 杜建波, 关红玲. pH响应型木质素水凝胶的制备及其养分释放行为. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2026 , 32 (5) : 1147 -1158 . DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2025391
Xin-yu LIU, Shou-yu GU, Cui-hong HOU, Jun-yan MIAO, Ling-shan LI, Ling-xiang ZHOU, Jian-bo DU, Hong-ling GUAN. Preparation of pH-responsive lignin hydrogels and their nutrient release behavior[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2026 , 32 (5) : 1147 -1158 . DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2025391
为了应对2050年全球约98亿人口的粮食需求挑战,提升农业生产效能被认为是最切实可行的方法,而这要求粮食产量至少提高70%[1]。肥料作为作物的“粮食”,对作物生长至关重要。然而,传统肥料的不当或过度施用会导致作物养分利用率偏低、产量下降及施肥成本增加等问题[2]。因此,迫切需要推动传统肥料的转型。近年来,环境响应型肥料逐渐成为研究热点,这种肥料可通过智能材料(例如,温度敏感或吸水材料)感知土壤温度、pH、根系分泌物中的有机配体等环境变化,实现养分精准调控释放[3]。传统肥料向智能化转型对促进农业绿色可持续发展具有重大意义。
环境响应型肥料的核心机理是借助载体或包膜材料对环境信号的敏感性,实现养分的可控释放,使养分供应与作物需求精准契合[4]。例如,pH响应型肥料在感知土壤pH变化后,载体中的羧基、氨基等基团在酸性或碱性环境中发生电离或质子化,从而破坏分子间作用力或交联结构,改变载体形态,促进载体溶胀或收缩并调节孔隙大小,进而控制养分释放[5];温度响应型肥料以温敏性聚合物作为养分释放载体,通过分子内亲水/疏水基团平衡和氢键网络的协同作用,对环境温度变化产生动态响应。当环境温度超过或低于其临界溶解温度时,载体通过收缩或溶胀调控养分的释放速度[6]。当前,环境响应型肥料的智能材料创新成为关注焦点,创新方向主要包括纳米材料、生物基材料及复合智能材料等[7]。Salimi等[8]在淀粉−g-聚丙烯酸−共丙烯酰胺高吸水性聚合物中掺入天然炭纳米颗粒(NCNPS),开发了一种新型纳米生物复合材料,并以其作为载体制备出了具有出色吸水性能(215.1 g/g)的pH响应型缓释肥。Shang等[9]以羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酰胺及N-乙烯基己内酰胺为原料制备出热敏型水凝胶CMC/poly(NVCL-co-AM),并以该凝胶体作为载体负载尿素,制备出热敏型水凝胶肥料。与此同时,环境响应型肥料能成为科研焦点,是源于其在农业生产实践中具有减本增效和助力增产的优势。例如,张丽红研发的磁性纳米水凝胶肥料 [10],经小麦田肥效试验验证后发现,单位面积产量较常规肥增产3.4%,同时用肥减少345 kg/hm2,综合效益提升近百元。李彬等[11]研制出改性聚谷氨酸智能水凝胶肥料,经水稻田肥效试验表明:与常规肥相比,一次性基施750 kg/hm2水凝胶肥可增产720 kg/hm2,净收入增加1380元/hm2。综上所述,环境响应型肥料具有降本增效的优势,展现出优异的应用潜力与研究价值。
近年来,因木质素具有丰富的官能团结构,不少学者开始开发其高值化利用价值[1213],但其在肥料智能化方向的研究相对较少[14]。这是由于木质素结构高度复杂且聚合度较高(50~300单位),在一定程度上阻碍了其高值化应用[15]。在木质素的结构中,其高度聚集特性使大量的—OH与—COOH等活性基团被牢牢裹于三维网状框架内部,难以充分发挥效用[16]。为解决上述问题,通常采用化学法(包括酸、碱、离子液体等)对木质素进行预处理[1718]。例如,Yang等[19]使用稀硫酸预处理粗木质素,实现了纤维素的脱离,并使羟基含量增加。Zhao等[20]使用无卤素质子离子液体处理工业木质素,使其中甲氧基含量显著降低44.73%,酚羟基含量增加至215.69%。与上述体系相比,UR/SH体系具有经济、环保、无毒、无害的优点[21]。该体系在低温下能高效溶解木质素分子末端的纤维素,破坏纤维素与木质素之间以及木质素分子内部的氢键,将纤维素从木质素分子中解离,同时提高木质素中—OH与—COOH含量[2223]
为使肥料同时具备保水性能以适应干旱地区环境,将木质素与水凝胶结合是一种有效方法。水凝胶是一类具有三维网络结构的高分子聚合物,广泛应用于生物医药、工业及农业等领域[2425]。为提高水凝胶材料的适应性和功能性,以更好地契合应用需求,近年来研究者逐渐开发能对温度、光或pH等外界环境变化作出反应的水凝胶材料,这类特殊水凝胶被称为“环境响应型水凝胶”[26]。现阶段,研究热度颇高的水凝胶主要有温敏型以及pH响应型。其中,pH响应型水凝胶一般是通过接枝方式引入具有pH响应性的有机聚合物,但该过程往往容易导致聚合物降解问题[2728]。相较而言,木质素基水凝胶则有所不同,由于木质素分子中存在大量—OH与—COOH,在碱性或酸性条件下,这些基团会发生电离与质子化反应,如此不但使木质素水凝胶具备了pH响应能力,而且也避免引入不易降解的pH响应有机高分子聚合物[29]
基于以上背景,本研究采用UR/SH体系在不同温度/时间条件下对木质素进行水解,以降低其聚集程度并提高—OH与—COOH含量。随后,将水解木质素与聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDGE)交联制备木质素水凝胶,并通过吸水、保水性能和pH响应性等指标确定UR/SH水解木质素的最佳条件。此外,将制备的木质素水凝胶作为磷酸二铵(DAP)的载体构建水凝胶基肥料,探究肥料养分的pH响应释放行为。
酶解木质素(L),来源于玉米芯,由山东龙力生物有限公司提供;磷酸二铵(DAP),购自天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDGE),购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;尿素,购自天津市永大化学试剂有限公司。
采用木质素碱溶酸析法对其进行提纯[30]。称取100 g酶解木质素于烧杯中,加入一定量2 mol/L NaOH溶液使其充分溶解,并置于35℃恒温水浴锅中加热30 min。随后进行抽滤以除去碱不溶物,并将滤液洗涤至中性。向滤液中滴加盐酸将pH调至2,再转移至65℃水浴锅中加热搅拌30 min。静置沉淀后进行抽滤以回收木质素沉淀,并用70℃~80℃热蒸馏水洗涤,最后冷冻干燥得到纯化木质素。
称取一定量的纯化木质素,加入8 wt% NaOH固体及一定量的蒸馏水,配制成4 wt%的木质素溶液。木质素完全溶解后加入12 wt% 尿素[31],在一定温度下保温水解一定时间,随后将所得混合物转移至透析袋中纯化两天,经冷冻干燥得到UR/SH低温水解木质素。在−10℃条件下,将水解6、12、18、24 h的木质素命名为HL-(−10℃)-t,其中 t (t=6、12、18、24 h)代表水解时间。在12 h条件下,不同温度(10℃、0℃、−10℃、−15℃)下水解所得木质素命名为HL-(12 h)-T,其中,T (T = 10℃、0℃、−10℃、−15℃)代表水解温度。
称取一定质量水解木质素(HL),加入1 mol/L KOH溶液中,制得30 wt%的水解木质素悬浊液。超声处理使木质素分散均匀后,再加入确定量的80 wt%聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(mHL∶mPEGDGE = 5∶1),在200 r/min条件下磁力搅拌20 min。随后将混合溶液倒入柱形橡胶模具中,放置于50℃恒温箱中进行交联反应48 h,再经−50℃冷冻干燥得到水解木质素水凝胶。UR/SH水解木质素水凝胶的制备流程如图1所示。在−10℃条件下,水解6、12、18、24 h所得木质素水凝胶命名为HLHG-(−10℃)-t,其中 t (t = 6、12、18、24 h)代表水解时间。在12 h条件下,不同温度(10℃、0℃、−10℃、−15℃)水解所得木质素水凝胶命名为HLHG-(12 h)-T,其中,T (T = 10℃、0℃、−10℃、−15℃)代表水解温度。
m0 g干燥木质素水凝胶,浸入25℃的200 mL蒸馏水中。在不同时间间隔内取出样品,拭去其表面水分后称重,记为ma g,并计算当前水凝胶的吸水溶胀度Qa (%),绘制水凝胶吸水性能曲线。吸水溶胀度按公式(1)计算:
$ {Q}_{a}=\frac{{m}_{a}-{m}_{0}}{{m}_{0}}\times 100\text% $
称取m0 g干燥木质素水凝胶,浸入25℃的200 mL蒸馏水中,待其溶胀达到平衡后取出,拭去表面水分,置于40℃下的烘箱中干燥,在一定时间间隔内取出称重,记为mr g,绘制水凝胶保水性能曲线。保水溶胀度Qr (%)按公式(2)计算:
$ {Q}_{r}=\frac{{m}_{r}-{m}_{0}}{{m}_{0}}\times 100\text% $
称取m0 g干燥木质素水凝胶置于透析袋,浸入25℃不同pH值(5、6、7、8、9)的缓冲溶液中。溶胀平衡后取出称重记为me g,按公式(3),计算其平衡溶胀度Qe (%)。
$ {Q}_{e}=\frac{{(m}_{e}-{m}_{0})\times 0.2}{{m}_{0}}\times 100\text% $
采用吸附法将DAP负载于木质素水凝胶上,以制备水凝胶肥料。首先,称取m0 g干燥木质素水凝胶,将其置于盛有200 mL、浓度c0为200 g/L的DAP溶液烧杯中。待水凝胶溶胀平衡后,取5 mL上清液测定溶液中PO43−的浓度,记为 ct。单位质量水凝胶对PO43−的吸附量Ld (%)可按公式(4)计算:
$ {L}_{d}=\frac{{(c}_{0}-{c}_{t})\times 0.2}{{m}_{0}}\times 100\text% $
采用静水溶出法对木质素水凝胶的养分释放特性进行研究。称取一定质量的负载有DAP的干燥水凝胶肥料,将其封装于透析袋内。随后,浸入pH值分别为6、7和8的磷酸盐缓冲盐溶液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)中。在规定时间间隔内,从反应体系中移取5 mL溶液进行检测,并补充等体积的缓冲溶液以维持总体积恒定。利用紫外−可见分光光度计在470 nm波长处测定样品吸光度,记录各时间点溶液中P2O5的浓度(Ci),据此计算水凝胶肥料在不同时间段的养分累积释放量。累积释放率按公式(5)计算:
$ \text{累积释放率}\;(\text%)=\frac{{{V}_{e}}{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-1}}{c}_{i}+{{V}_{0}}c_{n}}{{W}_{0}}\times 100\text% $
式中,Ve—PBS缓冲液的替换体积,5 mL;V0—PBS缓冲液的总体积,200 mL;CiCn—肥料在不同时间的释放浓度,mg/mL;W0—装载水凝胶上的肥料量,mg。
红外分析采用Nicolet iS50傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,将酶解木质素与适量的溴化钾混合后进行研磨,压制成片,并放入仪器进行红外光谱扫描,范围为400~4000 cm−1
通过PHENOM (飞纳)台式扫描电镜观察水凝胶的微观形貌特征。
采用化学滴定法测定—OH和—COOH含量。由图2a可知,当水解时间为12 h时,水解温度越低,活性官能团含量提升越多。与未水解木质素相比,经−15℃水解处理的木质素中—OH和—COOH含量分别提升24.8%、52.4%。由图2b可知,当水解温度为−10℃时,经18 h水解处理的木质素中—OH和—COOH含量最高,与未水解木质素相比,其—OH和—COOH含量分别从1.53和1.33 mmol/g提高到2.58和2.65 mmol/g,分别增加68%和99%。
上述结果也通过FTIR分析得到证实。从图3a可以看出,HL-(−10℃)-18 h在1725 cm−1附近处C=O的伸缩振动峰和1215 cm−1处的C—O—C与C—C伸缩振动峰明显减弱,说明UR在低温条件下能够断裂木质素与碳水化合物之间的醚键,同时能破坏木质素内部的碳−碳键结构,进而诱导更多—OH的生成。HL-(−10℃)-18 h的甲氧基在2840 cm−1处的对称伸缩振动峰减弱,说明甲氧基含量减少,部分木质素结构单元从大分子骨架中脱离,增加了反应活性位点。从图3b可以看出,PEGDGE在910 cm−1处的环氧基团峰在木质素水凝胶中消失,HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h在1215和1080 cm−1处出现C—O—C和C—C键的拉伸振动峰,说明木质素中的羟基和PEGDGE中的环氧基官能团化学聚合形成了木质素水凝胶[32]
图4看出,经UR/SH水解制备的木质素水凝胶,其溶胀度显著高于未经水解的木质素水凝胶。这是由于木质素中的—COOH及其参与交联反应生成水凝胶后剩余的—OH等亲水基团,能迅速与水分子结合形成氢键。在这一过程中,水凝胶的网络结构变得愈发疏松,使得水分子大量涌入,最终显著提高木质素水凝胶的平衡溶胀度。此外,图4a表明,当水解时间为12 h时,随着水解温度降低,水解木质素水凝胶的吸水性能逐渐增强,其溶胀度大小规律为HLHG-(−15℃)-12 h > HLHG-(−10℃)-12 h > HLHG-(0℃)-12 h > HLHG-(10℃)-12 h,其中,HLHG-(−15℃)-12 h和HLHG-(−10℃)-12 h的平衡溶胀度分别为978%和967%,是LHG平衡溶胀度的两倍以上。图4b表明,HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h平衡溶胀度为1216%,是LHG的3倍。
图4c看出,经水解处理的木质素水凝胶的保水性能优于未水解处理木质素水凝胶,这是由于水解木质素中—OH含量提升,使其与水凝胶结合更加紧密,同时—COOH含量的提升增强了与水分子之间的作用力,因此提高了保水能力。图4d显示,HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h表现出最佳的保水性能,当溶胀时间为11 h时,其保水溶胀度仍有163%,是未水解木质素水凝胶的12倍。
综上分析可知,吸水、保水性能最好的样品是HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h。
图5a和b显示,木质素水凝胶的平衡溶胀度在pH值由5升至9的过程中呈现出明显的“火山型”变化趋势。该行为可归因于木质素水凝胶聚合物链中丰富的—OH和—COOH官能团。在较低pH条件下,活性官能团与水分子之间氢键形成受到限制,从而限制了聚合物链的移动和松弛,进而导致更致密的水凝胶网络结构的形成,并引起水凝胶收缩。随着pH值的升高,电离过程促进—OH和—COOH解离为带负电荷的离子,这些离子通过电子排斥作用以及与水分子之间增强的氢键作用,促进水凝胶结构的扩张[33]。然而,当pH值达到9时,木质素水凝胶的平衡溶胀度显著下降。这主要是由于木质素分子上的—OH和—COOH基团大量去质子化,显著降低了木质素与水分子之间的相互作用,最终导致水凝胶显著收缩[34]。UR/SH水解木质素水凝胶的pH响应机制如图6所示。
图7a可知,HLHG-(−15℃)-12 h在pH6、pH7和pH8条件下吸水溶胀行为最好,在pH 6~7、pH 7~8两组相邻pH条件下的平衡溶胀度差值分别为129%和56%,相较于LHG分别提高了16%和10%。这种溶胀性能的增强可归因于水凝胶网络中—COOH和—OH含量的增加,这促进了更高的电离和质子化程度,从而提高了材料的pH响应性。由图7b可知,HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h在pH6、pH7和pH8的平衡溶胀度分别为364%、518%、634%,在pH 6~7、pH 7~8两组相邻pH条件下的平衡溶胀度分别相差154%和116%,相较于LHG分别显著提高了41%和70%。
以上结果表明,水解温度和时间通过改变木质素水凝胶的功能基团组成和网络结构,显著影响了其pH响应性溶胀行为,且经过−10℃、18 h处理的木质素水凝胶[HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h]在测试范围内对pH变化表现出最显著的敏感性。
SEM观察揭示了木质素水凝胶在不同pH环境下的微观结构特征。对比图8a和图8d发现,在pH 7条件下,HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h比LHG具有更发达的孔道结构和更薄的孔壁。通过系统研究HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h在pH 5~9 PBS缓冲液中的结构变化,发现该水凝胶呈现出具有pH响应特性的蜂窝状网络结构,这种结构演变与水凝胶中功能基团的电离状态密切相关。在pH 5~8范围内,随着—OH和−COOH电离程度的增加,分子间静电排斥作用逐渐增强,导致网络结构扩张,表现为孔道数量增加和孔壁变薄。当pH升至9时,过度地去质子化作用破坏了分子间作用力的平衡,使水凝胶网络结构发生收缩,导致孔隙率降低和孔壁增厚。
根据以上木质素水凝胶的吸水、保水性能及pH响应性等试验结果,可以确定制备水解木质素的最佳水解温度及水解时间分别为−10℃和18 h。因此,选择HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h作为制备水凝胶肥料的载体材料。
以HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h为载体,通过吸附DAP制备pH响应型木质素水凝胶肥料。根据单位质量水凝胶对PO43−的吸附量计算公式,计算其所负载肥料重量约为210 mg/g。通过P2O5累计释放量公式,计算DAP和木质素水凝胶肥料在不同时间以及不同pH环境下P2O5的累计释放量,结果如图9图10图9表明,在pH 7条件下,DAP中的P2O5仅在2 h内即可完全释放,而木质素水凝胶肥料在同一时间仅释放约17%,表明其肥料缓释性能显著提高。图10显示,木质素水凝胶肥料的累计释放量在不同pH条件下出现梯度变化:pH 8>pH 7>pH 6。在60 h内,pH 6、pH 7和pH 8条件下的肥料累计释放量分别为61%、76%和85%。
基于以上结果,木质素水凝胶肥料的养分释放机理可解释为:木质素水凝胶肥料浸水后,其三维网状结构吸水溶胀,导致凝胶结构内部的DAP逐渐溶于水中,并随水分子流动从内部逐渐释放,从而实现养分的缓慢供给功能。此外,由于UR/SH水解作用使木质素中羟基和羧基含量增多,赋予木质素水凝胶良好的pH响应特性。因此,在不同pH环境下,木质素水凝胶表现出不同的养分释放速率。出现这种现象的原因可解释为:随环境pH升高,—OH和—COOH电离程度增加,静电排斥作用逐渐增强,导致木质素水凝胶的空间网络结构发生扩张,表现为孔道数量增加、孔壁变薄,从而使凝胶内部的肥料养分更易释放。缓释机理图如图11所示。
在传统肥料难以实现养分高效利用和绿色协同发展的背景下,肥料智能化转型是工农业绿色化可持续发展战略的重要方向[35],而肥料智能化转型的关键是智能材料的创新。本研究以工业副产物木质素为原料,通过UR/SH水解木质素,破坏其高聚集复杂结构,在最优处理条件下,木质素中—OH和—COOH含量分别较未处理样品提升68%和99%,显著增强了材料的pH响应特性。与余丽璇[36]报道的最佳条件处理结果相比,本研究获得了更高的官能团提升效果,其经UR/SH预处理的木质素中—OH和—COOH含量仅分别提升19.83%和5.64%。
木质素凝胶化使其具有优异吸水保水特性的三维网状结构。吸水保水性能测试表明,在最优条件下制备的水解木质素水凝胶的吸水平衡溶胀度为1216%,保水溶胀时间为11 h时的保水溶胀度为163%,这为旱地施肥提供一定的参考价值。以该凝胶体载肥,养分释放结果表明其具有优异的pH响应特性,在pH 6、pH 7、pH 8的溶液中,P2O5累计释放量分别为61%、76%和85%。该结果与Li等[37]及管士强[38]研究结果类似。Li等[37]凭借聚多巴胺聚合黏附作用,制备出聚多巴胺磷酸锌铵肥料内核(ZnPN@Pdop),再以壳聚糖和木质素磺酸钠为原料在ZnPN@Pdop表面经层层自组装沉积制备多元素复合肥(SAMCF)。养分释放结果表明,SAMCF具有pH响应性,在pH 4、pH 7和pH 10的缓冲溶液中,P2O5的累计释放率分别为63.67%、52.92%、77.65%。管士强[38]以改性凹凸棒土为原料,与添加N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和海藻酸钠作为温度和pH响应单元的水凝胶混合,制备出具有温度和pH双重响应的水凝胶材料,并以该凝胶材料作为肥料的载体。养分释放结果表明,该凝胶肥料(SPH5-U)具有明显的温度和pH响应性,SPH5-U在30℃和20℃下,P2O5的累计释放率分别为70.77%、63.63%;在pH 4、pH 7、pH 9的缓冲溶液中,P2O5的累计释放率分别为81.38%、38.67%、73.60%。
肥料的供养分时长对肥料养分高效利用及作物持续健康生长具有重要意义。静水条件下养分释放研究发现,木质素水凝胶肥料比普通肥料具有更长的养分释放周期。2 h内,DAP的P2O5即可完全释放,而在相同时间内木质素水凝胶肥料仅释放约17%的养分,在60 h内也仅释放约75%的养分。此外,通过文献调研梳理了部分类似水凝胶肥料的养分释放周期数据。例如,P (SA-AM-AMPS)水凝胶肥料在24 h内的尿素释放率即达到94.97%[39];SH/PNA-Urea水凝胶肥料中的养分在4 h内释放完全[40];CCEH-SRF水凝胶肥料在2 h内的营养物质释放率达到48%[41];SA-L-c-DAP水凝胶肥料的P2O5释放率在4 h内达到90%[42]。对比分析表明,本研究开发的木质素水凝胶肥料在养分缓释周期上优于部分研究报道的同类产品,展现出良好的应用潜力与研究价值。
本研究以工业废弃物木质素为原料制备的智能凝胶肥料,与前人以其他原料合成的智能肥料具有相似的智能响应效果,可根据环境变化智能调节养分释放速率,达到供需平衡,降低养分流失,提高利用率。本研究为木质素资源有效利用及新一代绿色智能肥料研发提供参考方案。
1) UR/SH水解木质素的最佳水解处理条件为−10℃、18 h。该条件下制备的HLHG-(−10℃)-18 h水凝胶的平衡溶胀度为1216%,在保水溶胀11 h时的保水溶胀度为163%,分别约为未水解木质素水凝胶的3倍和12倍。
2)木质素水凝胶的pH响应性来源于碱性和酸性环境下木质素中大量羟基和羧基的电离和质子化。水解后的木质素水凝胶表现出更敏感的pH响应性,其溶胀度随环境pH值变化呈现出火山型趋势。
3)木质素水凝胶肥料具有明显的缓释性和pH响应性。DAP中的养分在2 h内完全释放,而木质素水凝胶肥料,在60 h内于pH 6、pH 7和pH 8溶液中的P2O5累计释放率分别为61%、76%和85%。木质素水凝胶作为肥料pH响应型载体材料具有良好的可行性,可为生产绿色智能响应性复合肥提供参考。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Dimkpa C O, Fugice J, Singh U, et al. Development of fertilizers for enhanced nitrogen use efficiency−trends and perspectives[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 731: 139113.
2
易琼, 张秀芝, 何萍, 等. 氮肥减施对稻−麦轮作体系作物氮素吸收、利用和土壤氮素平衡的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(5): 1069−1077.
Yi Q, Zhang X, He P, et al. Effects of reducing N application on crop N uptake, utilization, and soil N balance in rice-wheat rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2010, 16(5): 1069−1077.
3
冯瑞, 鲁振亚, 马航, 等. 肥料产品绿色智能设计思路[J]. 现代化工, 2024, 44(8): 7−11.
Feng R, Lu Z Y, Ma H, et al. Green intelligent design ideas for fertilizer products[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2024, 44(8): 7−11.
4
李涛, 吕少瑜, 陈姣, 等. 高分子基环境响应性肥料的研究进展[J]. 高分子学报, 2018, (3): 336−348.
Li T, Lü S Y, Chen J, et al. Progress in polymer-based environment-responsive fertilizers[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2018, (3): 336−348.
5
Mansouri H, Said H A, Noukrati H, et al. Advances in controlled release fertilizers: Cost-effective coating techniques and smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels[J]. Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2023, 7(9): 2300149.
6
Wang H H, Qu G F, Liu X X, et al. Hydrogel materials in agriculture: A review[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13(3): 116385.
7
甘子华, 张新疆, 代明珠, 等. 水稻绿色智能肥的增产效应与增产机理研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2024, (8): 128−136.
Gan Z H, Zhang X J, Dai M Z, et al. Research on the yield increasing effect and mechanism of green intelligent fertilizer on rice[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2024, (8): 128−136.
8
Salimi M, Motamedi E, Motesharezedeh B, et al. Starch-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composites reinforced with natural char nanoparticles toward environmentally benign slow-release urea fertilizers[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2020, 8(3): 103765.
9
Shang H, Yang X, Liu H. Temperature-responsive hydrogel prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized N-vinylcaprolactam with potential for fertilizer delivery[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 313: 120875.
10
农资与市场. 安徽农业大学张丽红教授揭秘“磁聚智能水凝胶肥料”新成果[EB/OL]. (2025−08−12) [2025−09−04]. https://www.enongzi.com/news/details.
Agricultural Supplies and Market. Professor Zhang Lihong from Anhui Agricultural University unveils new breakthrough in “Magnetic aggregation intelligent hydrogel fertilizer ”. [EB/OL]. (2025−08−12) [2025−09−04]. https://www.enongzi.com/news/details.
11
李彬, 王元晨, 丁仕奇, 等. 智能水凝胶肥料在水稻上的应用效果[J]. 肥料与健康, 2025, 52(1): 26−28, 36.
Li B, Wang Y C, Ding S Q, et al. Application effect of intelligent hydrogel fertilizer on rice[J]. Fertilizer & Health, 2025, 52(1): 26−28, 36.
12
Rodrigues J S, Lima V, Araujo L C P, et al. Lignin fractionation methods: Can lignin fractions be separated in a true industrial process? [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2021, 60(30): 10863−10881.
13
梁嘉敏, 霍鹏举, 郭涛, 等. 木质素基腐植酸液体肥料对土壤生物化学性质及香蕉幼苗生长的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 980−990.
Liang J M, Huo P J, Guo T, et al. Effects of lignin-based humic acid liquid fertilizer on soil biochemistry and banana seedling growth[J]. Joumal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 980−990.
14
关红玲, 杨辉, 井红权, 等. 木质素基控释材料及其在药物输送和肥料控释中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3695−3707.
Guan H L, Yang H, Jing H Q, et al. Lignin-based controlled release materials and application in drug delivery and fertilizer controlled-release[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3695−3707.
15
Zhao S, Abu-Omar M M. Materials based on technical bulk lignin[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, 9(4): 1477−1493.
16
胡占琴, 张默晗, 邬刚, 等. 一株多功能秸秆木质素降解菌株的筛选、鉴定及条件优化[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2024, 51(4): 638−643.
Hu Z Q, Zhang M H, Wu G, et al. Screening, identification and optimization of conditions for a multifunctional straw lignin-degrading strain[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2024, 51(4): 638−643.
17
Sheng Y Q, Lam S S, Wu Y J, Ge S B. Enzymatic conversion of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass: A review on influence of structural changes of lignin[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021, 324: 124613.
18
董茂林, 陈李栋, 黄六莲, 等. 酸性助水溶剂制备木质纳米纤维素及功能应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2281−2295.
Dong M L, Chen L D, Huang L L, et al. Research progress in preparation of ligno nanocellulose by acid hydrotropes and their functional applications[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2281−2295.
19
Yang H, Yoo C G, Meng X, et al. Structural changes of lignins in natural Populus variants during different pretreatments[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020, 295: 122240.
20
Zhao X, Wan H F, Sun S F, et al. Industrial lignin activation with enhanced antioxidant capability in mild halogen-free protic ionic liquids[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 219: 119020.
21
Ke Y, Wang Y, Xu W. The influence of NaOH/urea treatment on the transfer law of water in cotton fabric[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 218: 118961.
22
Jing X, Chai X, Long S, et al. Urea/sodium hydroxide pretreatments enhance decomposition of maize straw in soils and sorption of straw residues toward herbicides[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 431: 128467.
23
Chen Y, Shen J, Wang W, et al. Demethylation of lignin with mild conditions and preparation of green adhesives to reduce formaldehyde emissions and health risks[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 242(1): 124462.
24
李娟, 杨相东. 温度敏感型缓/控释肥料的温度响应特征、养分释放性能与温敏机理研究进展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30(9): 1812−1822.
Li J, Yang X D. Temperature sensitivity, nutrient release performance, and temperature sensitive mechanism of temperature-sensitive slow/controlled-release fertilizers: A comprehensive research review[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2024, 30(9): 1812−1822.
25
孙书瑞, 储广萌, 李义臣, 等. 光子晶体传感器在生物医学中的应用进展[J]. 材料工程, 2025, 68: 1−19.
Sun S R, Chu G M, Li Y C, et al. Applications of photonic crystal sensors in biomedicine[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2025, 68: 1−19.
26
Shaghaleh H, Hamoud Y A, Sun Q. Functionalized nanocellulose nanocomposite hydrogels for soil and water pollution prevention, remediation, and monitoring: A critical review on fabrication, application properties, and potential mechanisms[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12(1): 1118921.
27
Hanykova L, Stastna J, Krakovsky I. Responsive acrylamide-based hydrogels: Advances in interpenetrating polymer structures[J]. Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2024, 10(7): 414−432.
28
Wang Z, Cheng Q, Lu B, et al. Fabrication of antimicrobial cationic hydrogels driven by physically and chemically crosslinking for wound healing[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 259: 129213.
29
Yan S, Chai L, Li W, et al. Tunning the properties of pH-responsive lignin-based hydrogels by regulating hydroxyl content[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 643: 128815.
30
Puss K K, Loog M, Salmar S. Ultrasound enhanced solubilization of forest biorefinery hydrolysis lignin in mild alkaline conditions[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2023, 93: 106288.
31
于丁一. 环境响应性木质素基水凝胶药物载体的制备和性能研究[D]. 郑州: 河南中医药大学硕士学位论文, 2023.
Yu D Y. Study on preparation and properties of environmental responsive lignin based hydrogel[D]. Zhengzhou: MS Thesis of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 2023.
32
Dai L, Ma M, Xu J, et al. All-lignin-based hydrogel with fast pH-stimuli responsiveness for mechanical switching and actuation[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2020, 32(10): 4324−4330.
33
Zhang Y, Mohebbipour A, Mao J C, et al. Lignin reinforced hydrogels with multi-functional sensing and moist-electric generating applications[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 193: 941−947.
34
An L, Chen J, Heo J W, et al. Preparation of pH-responsive lignin via a thiol-yne reaction and its application in hydrogel[J]. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 2022, 42(6): 445−455.
35
张福锁, 黄成东, 申建波, 等. 绿色智能肥料: 矿产资源养分全量利用的创新思路与产业化途径[J]. 土壤学报, 2023, 60(5): 1203−1212.
Zhang F S, Huang C D, Shen J B, et al. Green intelligent fertilizer: New insight into making full use of mineral nutrient resources and industrial approach[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2023, 60(5): 1203−1212.
36
余丽璇. 氢氧化钠/尿素和甲酸预处理强化酶解木质素磺化反应活性研究[D]. 广东: 华南理工大学硕士学位论文, 2017.
Yu L X. Sulfonation reactivity enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin via NaOH/urea and formic acid pretreatment[D]. Guangdong: MS Thesis of South China University of Technology, 2017.
37
Li T, Lu S Y, Yan J, et al. An environment-friendly fertilizer prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly for pH-responsive nutrient release[J]. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(11): 10941−10950.
38
管士强. 改性凹凸棒土/SA/PNIPAm水凝胶的制备及肥料控释性能研究[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学硕士学位论文, 2022.
Guan S Q. Preparation of modified attapulgite/SA/PNIPAm hydrogel and its controlled-release properties of fertilizer[D]. Zhengzhou: MS Thesis of Zhengzhou University, 2022.
39
王东旭. 高吸水可循环使用水凝胶的制备及性能研究[D]. 长春: 长春工业大学硕士学位论文, 2025.
Wang D X. The preparation and performance research of superabsorbent reusable hydrogels[D]. Changchun: MS Thesis of Changchun University of Technology, 2025.
40
华冰艳. 基于海藻酸钠的智能凝胶材料的制备与应用[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学硕士学位论文, 2023.
Hua B Y. Preparation and application of sodiumalginate-based smart hydrogel materials[D]. Zhengzhou: MS Thesis of Henan University of Technology, 2023.
41
Tan X X, Lv Q H, Dong G H, et al. Insight into the preparation and improved properties of cellulose citrate ester hydrogel slow-release fertilizer[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 222(1): 119517.
42
El Bouchtaoui F Z, Ablouh E H, Kassem I, et al. Slow-release fertilizers based on lignin−sodium alginate biopolymeric blend for sustained N−P nutrients release[J]. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 2022, 19(5): 1551−1565.
2026年第32卷第5期
PDF下载
104
38
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2025391
  • 接收时间:2025-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-07-16
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05
  • 录用日期:2025-11-29
基金
作者信息
    1郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州 450001
    2云南云天化股份有限公司,云南昆明 650600

通讯作者:

* 侯翠红 E-mail:
关红玲 E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/10.11674/zwyf.2025391
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏