Article(id=1284574881941525342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11674/zwyf.2025355, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754928000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1762790400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-11, onlineDate=1784196118101, onlineDateStr=2026-07-16, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1784196118101, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1784196118101, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1784196118101, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1284574825708503250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, year='2026', volume='32', issue='5', pageStart='965', pageEnd='1180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1784196104695, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784196513220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1284576539283001906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1284576539283001907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1135, endPage=1146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1284574882134463327, articleId=1284574881941525342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, language=EN, title=Soil-applied magnesium fertilizer enhances pepper yield and soil exchangeable magnesium content, columnId=1284574826530586835, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objectives

Soil magnesium (Mg) deficiency was one of the main limiting factors for pepper production. The effect of different Mg fertilizer application amounts on pepper yield and soil exchangeable Mg content was studied, and the mechanisms was also explored.

Methods

A field experiment was conducted in east of Guizhou Province during 2018 and 2019, using chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum var. conoides) as test material. Five Mg application levels were set up, including: 0, 22.5, 45, 67.5, and 90 kg/hm2, denoted as Mg0, Mg22.5, Mg45, Mg67.5, andMg90, respectively. Chilli pepper yield, yield components, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaves chlorophyll content, shoot Mg concentration and soil exchangeable Mg content were measured.

Results

Soil Mg application significantly increased the yield of pepper, with the Mg67.5 and Mg90 treatments showing the best results. In 2018 and 2019, the yields of chilli pepper significantly increased by 20.7%−40.6% and 14.8%−18.0%, respectively, compared to the Mg0 treatment. The yield increase was mainly attributed to improvements in the number of fruits per plant and single fruit weight. Soil Mg fertilization enhanced the Pn, chlorophyll content, and Mg content of the plants during the flowering and fruit-setting stage (a critical growth period). In 2018 and 2019, the Pn were increased by 41.8%−72.8% and 27.3%−71.3%, respectively, total chlorophyll content increased by 23.1%−37.2% and 9.3%−14.8%, respectively, compared to the Mg0 treatment. During the flowering and fruit-setting stage, plant magnesium concentration increased by 57.3%−74.7% and 29.8%−69.8%, respectively. At harvest, plant magnesium concentration increased by 24.7%−78.0% and 17.6%−42.1%, respectively. The 0−20 cm soil layer exchangeable Mg content under Mg-treated plots in 2018 and 2019 was 58.1−79.4 mg/kg and 62.1−101.7 mg/kg, respectively, representing significant increases of 26.8%−52.9% and 34.9%−121.0%, compared to the Mg0 treatment. In 2018, there were no significant differences in exchangeable Mg content among treatments in the 20−40 cm and 40−60 cm soil layers. In 2019, the exchangeable Mg content in the 20−40 cm and 40−60 cm soil layers under Mg treatments was 64.0−92.6 mg/kg and 70.9−97.0 mg/kg, respectively, showing significant increases of 18.3%−71.3% and 11.9%−53.0%, compared to Mg0 treatment. Regression analysis revealed that the Pn during the flowering and fruit-setting stage, as well as the yield of chilli pepper, exhibited a highly significant linear positive correlation with the exchangeable Mg concentration in the 0−20 cm soil layer at harvest. The Mg content in the fruit of chilli pepper reached a plateau value of 1.95 g/kg when the soil exchangeable Mg concentration reached 74.2 mg/kg.

Conclusions

Mg fertilization can effectively improve the exchangeable Mg concentration in 0−20 cm soil layer, providing sufficient Mg nutrition for chilli pepper during the whole growing period. As a result, Mg fertilization can enhance the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of leaves, and maintain leaf greenness during flowering and fruit-setting stage, and therefore increase the chilli pepper yield and fruit Mg content. Applying Mg 67.5 kg/hm2 is recommended for high chilli pepper yield and maximum fruit Mg content, as well as the high soil exchangeable Mg content in the tested area.

, authors=Xi-lin GUAN1, Ming LU2, *, Dun-yi LIU3, Yu-feng ZHANG1, Yi LIANG3, Shen-zhong TIAN1, Zhi YAO4, authorsList=Xi-lin GUAN, Ming LU, Dun-yi LIU, Yu-feng ZHANG, Yi LIANG, Shen-zhong TIAN, Zhi YAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of plant nutrition and fertilizer. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1284574885007561580, articleId=1284574881941525342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, language=CN, title=土施镁肥提升线辣椒产量和土壤镁素含量, columnId=1284574826685776085, journalTitle=植物营养与肥料学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

土壤镁素缺乏是限制线辣椒优质高产高效生产的重要因素之一,为探讨土施镁肥对线辣椒产量建成和土壤镁素含量的影响,明确土施镁肥对线辣椒产量建成的影响机制。

方法

于2018和2019年在贵州省东部开展线辣椒(Capsicum annuum var. conoides)田间试验。试验设置5个土施镁肥用量(Mg)处理:0、22.5、45、67.5、90 kg/hm2,分别记为Mg0、Mg22.5、Mg45、Mg67.5、Mg90。测定了线辣椒产量、产量构成、叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、植株镁浓度,以及土壤交换性镁含量。

结果

土施镁肥显著提高了线辣椒产量,以Mg67.5和Mg90处理效果较好,2018和2019年线辣椒产量分别较Mg0处理显著增加了20.7%~40.6%和14.8%~18.0%,产量增加主要依赖于单株挂果数和单果重的提高。土施镁肥提高了线辣椒开花坐果期(关键生育期)净光合速率、叶绿素含量和植株镁含量。2018和2019年,土施镁肥处理的叶片净光合速率分别较Mg0处理提高了41.8%~72.8%和27.3%~71.3%,叶绿素总量分别提高23.1%~37.2%和9.3%~14.8%,开花坐果期植株镁浓度分别提高了57.3%~74.7%和29.8%~69.8%,收获期植株镁浓度分别提高了24.7%~78.0%和17.6%~42.1%。土施镁肥处理0—20 cm土壤交换性镁含量在2018和2019年分别为58.1~79.4和62.1~101.7 mg/kg,相较于Mg0处理,分别显著增加了26.8%~52.9%和34.9%~121.0%;2018年各处理20—40和40—60 cm土层土壤交换性镁含量无显著性差异;2019年土施镁肥处理20—40和40—60 cm土壤交换性镁含量分别为64.0~92.6和70.9~97.0 mg/kg,较Mg0处理分别显著提高了18.3%~71.3%和11.9%~53.0%。回归分析表明,开花坐果期叶片净光合速率、线辣椒产量与收获期0—20 cm土壤交换性镁浓度呈极显著线性正相关关系;当土壤交换性镁浓度达到74.2 mg/kg时,线辣椒果实的镁浓度达到平台值1.95 g/kg。

结论

土施镁肥可以有效提高线辣椒生育期内表层土壤的交换性镁含量,进而改善线辣椒的镁营养。充足的镁营养提高了线辣椒开花坐果期叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,有效维持了开花期和结果期叶片持绿状态,提升了线辣椒产量和果实中的镁含量。基施Mg 67.5 kg/hm2是线辣椒增产、增质和提升土壤交换性镁含量较为合理的用量。

, authors=管西林1, 卢明2, *, 刘敦一3, 张玉凤1, 梁怡3, 田慎重1, 姚智4, authorsList=管西林, 卢明, 刘敦一, 张玉凤, 梁怡, 田慎重, 姚智, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=卢明, authorNote=

管西林 E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
* 卢明 E-mail:
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New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1993., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574885242442605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885250831214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885242442605, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Nutrient Resources / Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885280191343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885242442605, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 / 养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室 / 农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室,山东济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574885426991984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885431186289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885426991984, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Agro-Tech Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885439574898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885426991984, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆 401121)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574885510878067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885519266676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885510878067, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University / Research Center for Green Agricultural Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Chongqing 400716, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885531849589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885510878067, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3西南大学资源环境学院 / 长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆 400716)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574885611541366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885619929975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885611541366, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574885628318584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, companyId=1284574885611541366, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1284574890137195434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Response of pepper yield to shoot biomass, figureFileSmall=gQ/B1KQ4oe+nHYPsHR5n3Q==, figureFileBig=eumc+N7qiL7HQxYtbbvwiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890212692907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=图1, caption=辣椒产量对植株生物量的响应

注:图(A),开花坐果期生物量;图(B),开花坐果期后累积生物量;图(C),总生物量。

, figureFileSmall=gQ/B1KQ4oe+nHYPsHR5n3Q==, figureFileBig=eumc+N7qiL7HQxYtbbvwiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890418213804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Exchangeable Mg concentration in different soil layers at last harvesting stage of pepper under different Mg fertilizer application rates, figureFileSmall=hjSc1o9Ee8W9JrsKNHFigQ==, figureFileBig=vtQt9JqD6HiRXZ9881iMWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890489516973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=图2, caption=土施镁肥对收获期不同土层土壤交换性镁浓度的影响

注:Mg0、Mg22.5、Mg45、Mg67.5、Mg90分别表示施Mg 0、22.5、45、67.5、90 kg/hm2。柱上不同小写字母表示同一年不同施肥量处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=hjSc1o9Ee8W9JrsKNHFigQ==, figureFileBig=vtQt9JqD6HiRXZ9881iMWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890552431534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of shoot Mg concentration at flowering and fruit-setting stage (FFS) on pepper shoot dry biomass, fruit yield, and fruit weighted Mg content, figureFileSmall=f/htDn3kRqkZZwNHqS8UkQ==, figureFileBig=Y7xSa4FHqeWROyoOF9rC6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890657289135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=图3, caption=开花坐果期植株镁浓度对辣椒生物量、产量和果实加权镁浓度的影响, figureFileSmall=f/htDn3kRqkZZwNHqS8UkQ==, figureFileBig=Y7xSa4FHqeWROyoOF9rC6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890753758128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Variation of the chilli pepper yield and weighted average fruit Mg content with exchangeable Mg concentration in 0−20 cm soil, figureFileSmall=UyYFePM87H7efj1fTts53A==, figureFileBig=Iv2fZNzQjck6bMv7lEWaGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890862810033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=图4, caption=0—20 cm土壤交换性镁浓度对产量和线辣椒果实加权平均镁浓度的影响, figureFileSmall=UyYFePM87H7efj1fTts53A==, figureFileBig=Iv2fZNzQjck6bMv7lEWaGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574890946696114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The net photosynthetic rate, soil exchangeable Mg content, shoot Mg content, and yield of chilli pepper during the flowering and fruit-setting stage (FFS) and the relationship between them as affected by Mg fertilization, figureFileSmall=nmXCBPPP0te90pIl1bCBZQ==, figureFileBig=YyQEG4G7PzBQYxF0Ys6ysw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574891034776499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同施镁量下线辣椒开花坐果期净光合速率、土壤交换性镁浓度、植株镁含量、产量及其相互关系

注:Mg0、Mg22.5、Mg45、Mg67.5、Mg90分别表示施Mg 0、22.5、45、67.5、90 kg/hm2。柱上不同小写字母表示同一年不同施肥量处理之间差异显著 (P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=nmXCBPPP0te90pIl1bCBZQ==, figureFileBig=YyQEG4G7PzBQYxF0Ys6ysw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574891101885364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Percentage of cumulative biomass of chilli pepper of different growing periods in 2018 and 2019, figureFileSmall=3JmYZSpC4TNIptA10o70ag==, figureFileBig=pp6dxNWQzIl1mqPqV1mMvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574891168994229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=图6, caption=2018和2019年辣椒生育期内累积生物量占比, figureFileSmall=3JmYZSpC4TNIptA10o70ag==, figureFileBig=pp6dxNWQzIl1mqPqV1mMvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574891231908790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Yield, yield composition and harvest index of pepper under different Mg application rates in 2018 and 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
处理
Treatment
产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
产量构成 Yield composition生物量 Shoot biomass (t/hm2)收获指数
Harvest
index
(%)
单株挂果数
Fruit number
per plant
单果重
Single fruit weight
(g)
开花坐果期
Flowering and fruit-setting stage
(FFS)
全生育期
Whole growth
period
2018Mg026.6±2.1 c13.4±0.5 a1.61±0.05 b5.76±0.23 d47.6±1.7 a
Mg22.527.3±0.6 c13.6±0.3 a1.63±0.14 b5.90±0.16 cd48.3±1.9 a
Mg4529.3±1.5 bc14.1±0.2 a1.88±0.25 ab6.48±0.25 bc47.0±1.3 a
Mg67.537.4±0.9 a14.2±0.2 a2.26±0.14 a7.88±0.18 a49.1±0.8 a
Mg9032.1±1.1 b14.7±0.3 a2.28±0.11 a6.92±0.19 b47.8±0.5 a
2019Mg036.6±1.1 c12.1±0.8 c13.3±0.2 c1.66±0.08 a8.82±0.24 b39.1±0.8 a
Mg22.538.0±1.6 bc14.0±0.4 b14.7±0.2 ab1.74±0.09 a9.37±0.27 ab38.3±1.1 a
Mg4539.9±2.4 abc14.3±0.5 b14.5±0.1 b1.90±0.08 a10.0±0.73 ab37.8±1.3 a
Mg67.542.0±0.9 ab17.1±0.7 a15.5±0.3 a1.92±0.10 a10.1±0.21 ab39.3±1.6 a
Mg9043.2±1.3 a17.3±0.8 a14.9±0.3 ab1.94±0.05 a10.4±0.34 a39.3±1.0 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)**********ns
年份 Year (Y)***ns****
处理×年份 T×Ynsnsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1284574891307406263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同土施镁肥用量下线辣椒产量、产量构成和收获指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
处理
Treatment
产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
产量构成 Yield composition生物量 Shoot biomass (t/hm2)收获指数
Harvest
index
(%)
单株挂果数
Fruit number
per plant
单果重
Single fruit weight
(g)
开花坐果期
Flowering and fruit-setting stage
(FFS)
全生育期
Whole growth
period
2018Mg026.6±2.1 c13.4±0.5 a1.61±0.05 b5.76±0.23 d47.6±1.7 a
Mg22.527.3±0.6 c13.6±0.3 a1.63±0.14 b5.90±0.16 cd48.3±1.9 a
Mg4529.3±1.5 bc14.1±0.2 a1.88±0.25 ab6.48±0.25 bc47.0±1.3 a
Mg67.537.4±0.9 a14.2±0.2 a2.26±0.14 a7.88±0.18 a49.1±0.8 a
Mg9032.1±1.1 b14.7±0.3 a2.28±0.11 a6.92±0.19 b47.8±0.5 a
2019Mg036.6±1.1 c12.1±0.8 c13.3±0.2 c1.66±0.08 a8.82±0.24 b39.1±0.8 a
Mg22.538.0±1.6 bc14.0±0.4 b14.7±0.2 ab1.74±0.09 a9.37±0.27 ab38.3±1.1 a
Mg4539.9±2.4 abc14.3±0.5 b14.5±0.1 b1.90±0.08 a10.0±0.73 ab37.8±1.3 a
Mg67.542.0±0.9 ab17.1±0.7 a15.5±0.3 a1.92±0.10 a10.1±0.21 ab39.3±1.6 a
Mg9043.2±1.3 a17.3±0.8 a14.9±0.3 ab1.94±0.05 a10.4±0.34 a39.3±1.0 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)**********ns
年份 Year (Y)***ns****
处理×年份 T×Ynsnsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1284574892943184824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effects of soil-applied Mg fertilizer on the concentration and accumulation of Mg in pepper plant

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
处理
Treatment
镁含量 Mg content (g/kg)镁累积量 Mg accumulation (kg/hm2)
开花坐果期
Flowering and fruit-setting stage
收获期
Harvest stage
开花坐果期
Flowering and fruit-setting stage
收获期
Harvest stage
2018Mg01.78±0.09 b1.82±0.02 d2.86±0.14 c10.5±0.19 e
Mg22.52.20±0.06 b2.27±0.03 c3.59±0.17 bc13.4±0.30 d
Mg452.80±0.07 a2.68±0.08 b5.32±0.43 ab17.4±0.57 c
Mg67.53.11±0.07 a3.24±0.02 a7.11±0.40 a25.6±0.32 a
Mg903.09±0.06 a3.17±0.03 a7.05±0.21 a21.9±0.11 b
2019Mg02.42±0.03 e2.21±0.05 d4.03±0.13 d19.4±0.40 c
Mg22.53.14±0.04 d2.60±0.02 c5.47±0.15 c24.4±0.50 b
Mg453.38±0.04 c2.80±0.03 bc6.42±0.10 b28.1±1.31 ab
Mg67.53.88±0.03 b2.97±0.07 ab7.45±0.20 a30.0±0.93 a
Mg904.11±0.04 a3.14±0.03 a7.96±0.15 a32.7±0.54 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)********
年份 Year (Y)**ns****
处理×年份 T×Yns**nsns
), ArticleFig(id=1284574893039653817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同土施镁肥量下线辣椒植株镁浓度和镁累积量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
处理
Treatment
镁含量 Mg content (g/kg)镁累积量 Mg accumulation (kg/hm2)
开花坐果期
Flowering and fruit-setting stage
收获期
Harvest stage
开花坐果期
Flowering and fruit-setting stage
收获期
Harvest stage
2018Mg01.78±0.09 b1.82±0.02 d2.86±0.14 c10.5±0.19 e
Mg22.52.20±0.06 b2.27±0.03 c3.59±0.17 bc13.4±0.30 d
Mg452.80±0.07 a2.68±0.08 b5.32±0.43 ab17.4±0.57 c
Mg67.53.11±0.07 a3.24±0.02 a7.11±0.40 a25.6±0.32 a
Mg903.09±0.06 a3.17±0.03 a7.05±0.21 a21.9±0.11 b
2019Mg02.42±0.03 e2.21±0.05 d4.03±0.13 d19.4±0.40 c
Mg22.53.14±0.04 d2.60±0.02 c5.47±0.15 c24.4±0.50 b
Mg453.38±0.04 c2.80±0.03 bc6.42±0.10 b28.1±1.31 ab
Mg67.53.88±0.03 b2.97±0.07 ab7.45±0.20 a30.0±0.93 a
Mg904.11±0.04 a3.14±0.03 a7.96±0.15 a32.7±0.54 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)********
年份 Year (Y)**ns****
处理×年份 T×Yns**nsns
), ArticleFig(id=1284574893119345594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Leaf chlorophyll content in leaves at different growing stages of chilli pepper as affected by Mg fertilization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
处理
Treatment
开花坐果期 Flowering and fruit-setting stage收获期 Harvesting stage
总叶绿素 Total chl.叶绿素a Chl. a叶绿素b Chl. b总叶绿素 Total chl.叶绿素a Chl. a叶绿素b Chl. b
2018Mg01.99±0.09 d1.35±0.05 c0.64±0.05 c1.34±0.09 b0.88±0.06 c0.46±0.02 b
Mg22.52.21±0.12 cd1.50±0.07 b0.71±0.04 bc1.42±0.01 b0.94±0.01 bc0.48±0.01 b
Mg452.49±0.05 b1.67±0.03 a0.82±0.02 b1.49±0.06 b1.01±0.05 b0.48±0.01 b
Mg67.52.73±0.10 a1.73±0.04 a1.00±0.06 a1.72±0.04 a1.17±0.03 a0.55±0.01a
Mg902.45±0.05 bc1.66±0.03 a0.79±0.01 b1.70±0.04 a1.16±0.03 a0.54±0.01 a
2019Mg02.37±0.10 b1.63±0.10 a0.74±0.04 bc1.16±0.05 b0.91±0.01 b0.25±0.04 b
Mg22.52.59±0.08 a1.92±0.06 a0.67±0.02 d1.14±0.03 b0.83±0.02 b0.31±0.01ab
Mg452.65±0.06 a1.71±0.05 a0.94±0.04 ab1.25±0.07 b0.92±0.06 b0.33±0.02 a
Mg67.52.72±0.03 a1.75±0.05 a0.97±0.04 a1.45±0.01 a1.07±0.01 a0.38±0.01 a
Mg902.63±0.08 a1.80±0.04 a0.83±0.04 bc1.52±0.05 a1.14±0.03 a0.38±0.03 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment(T)************
年份 Year(Y)****ns*****
处理×年份 T×Yns**nsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1284574893186454459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574881941525342, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同镁肥施用量下线辣椒开花坐果期和收获期叶片叶绿素含量(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
处理
Treatment
开花坐果期 Flowering and fruit-setting stage收获期 Harvesting stage
总叶绿素 Total chl.叶绿素a Chl. a叶绿素b Chl. b总叶绿素 Total chl.叶绿素a Chl. a叶绿素b Chl. b
2018Mg01.99±0.09 d1.35±0.05 c0.64±0.05 c1.34±0.09 b0.88±0.06 c0.46±0.02 b
Mg22.52.21±0.12 cd1.50±0.07 b0.71±0.04 bc1.42±0.01 b0.94±0.01 bc0.48±0.01 b
Mg452.49±0.05 b1.67±0.03 a0.82±0.02 b1.49±0.06 b1.01±0.05 b0.48±0.01 b
Mg67.52.73±0.10 a1.73±0.04 a1.00±0.06 a1.72±0.04 a1.17±0.03 a0.55±0.01a
Mg902.45±0.05 bc1.66±0.03 a0.79±0.01 b1.70±0.04 a1.16±0.03 a0.54±0.01 a
2019Mg02.37±0.10 b1.63±0.10 a0.74±0.04 bc1.16±0.05 b0.91±0.01 b0.25±0.04 b
Mg22.52.59±0.08 a1.92±0.06 a0.67±0.02 d1.14±0.03 b0.83±0.02 b0.31±0.01ab
Mg452.65±0.06 a1.71±0.05 a0.94±0.04 ab1.25±0.07 b0.92±0.06 b0.33±0.02 a
Mg67.52.72±0.03 a1.75±0.05 a0.97±0.04 a1.45±0.01 a1.07±0.01 a0.38±0.01 a
Mg902.63±0.08 a1.80±0.04 a0.83±0.04 bc1.52±0.05 a1.14±0.03 a0.38±0.03 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment(T)************
年份 Year(Y)****ns*****
处理×年份 T×Yns**nsnsnsns
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土施镁肥提升线辣椒产量和土壤镁素含量
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管西林 1 , 卢明 2, * , 刘敦一 3 , 张玉凤 1 , 梁怡 3 , 田慎重 1 , 姚智 4
植物营养与肥料学报 | 研究论文 2026,32(5): 1135-1146
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植物营养与肥料学报 |研究论文 2026 , 32 (5) : 1135 -1146
土施镁肥提升线辣椒产量和土壤镁素含量
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管西林1 , 卢明2, * , 刘敦一3, 张玉凤1, 梁怡3, 田慎重1, 姚智4
作者信息
  • 1山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 / 养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室 / 农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室,山东济南 250100
  • 2重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆 401121
  • 3西南大学资源环境学院 / 长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆 400716
  • 4云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明 650201
通讯作者:
* 卢明 E-mail:
作者简介:

管西林 E-mail:

Soil-applied magnesium fertilizer enhances pepper yield and soil exchangeable magnesium content
Xi-lin GUAN1 , Ming LU2, * , Dun-yi LIU3, Yu-feng ZHANG1, Yi LIANG3, Shen-zhong TIAN1, Zhi YAO4
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Nutrient Resources / Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
  • 2Chongqing Agro-Tech Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China
  • 3College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University / Research Center for Green Agricultural Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Chongqing 400716, China
  • 4College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2025355
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目的

土壤镁素缺乏是限制线辣椒优质高产高效生产的重要因素之一,为探讨土施镁肥对线辣椒产量建成和土壤镁素含量的影响,明确土施镁肥对线辣椒产量建成的影响机制。

方法

于2018和2019年在贵州省东部开展线辣椒(Capsicum annuum var. conoides)田间试验。试验设置5个土施镁肥用量(Mg)处理:0、22.5、45、67.5、90 kg/hm2,分别记为Mg0、Mg22.5、Mg45、Mg67.5、Mg90。测定了线辣椒产量、产量构成、叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、植株镁浓度,以及土壤交换性镁含量。

结果

土施镁肥显著提高了线辣椒产量,以Mg67.5和Mg90处理效果较好,2018和2019年线辣椒产量分别较Mg0处理显著增加了20.7%~40.6%和14.8%~18.0%,产量增加主要依赖于单株挂果数和单果重的提高。土施镁肥提高了线辣椒开花坐果期(关键生育期)净光合速率、叶绿素含量和植株镁含量。2018和2019年,土施镁肥处理的叶片净光合速率分别较Mg0处理提高了41.8%~72.8%和27.3%~71.3%,叶绿素总量分别提高23.1%~37.2%和9.3%~14.8%,开花坐果期植株镁浓度分别提高了57.3%~74.7%和29.8%~69.8%,收获期植株镁浓度分别提高了24.7%~78.0%和17.6%~42.1%。土施镁肥处理0—20 cm土壤交换性镁含量在2018和2019年分别为58.1~79.4和62.1~101.7 mg/kg,相较于Mg0处理,分别显著增加了26.8%~52.9%和34.9%~121.0%;2018年各处理20—40和40—60 cm土层土壤交换性镁含量无显著性差异;2019年土施镁肥处理20—40和40—60 cm土壤交换性镁含量分别为64.0~92.6和70.9~97.0 mg/kg,较Mg0处理分别显著提高了18.3%~71.3%和11.9%~53.0%。回归分析表明,开花坐果期叶片净光合速率、线辣椒产量与收获期0—20 cm土壤交换性镁浓度呈极显著线性正相关关系;当土壤交换性镁浓度达到74.2 mg/kg时,线辣椒果实的镁浓度达到平台值1.95 g/kg。

结论

土施镁肥可以有效提高线辣椒生育期内表层土壤的交换性镁含量,进而改善线辣椒的镁营养。充足的镁营养提高了线辣椒开花坐果期叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,有效维持了开花期和结果期叶片持绿状态,提升了线辣椒产量和果实中的镁含量。基施Mg 67.5 kg/hm2是线辣椒增产、增质和提升土壤交换性镁含量较为合理的用量。

线辣椒  /  基施镁肥  /  辣椒产量  /  叶片净光合速率  /  果实镁含量  /  叶绿素含量  /  土壤交换性镁
Objectives

Soil magnesium (Mg) deficiency was one of the main limiting factors for pepper production. The effect of different Mg fertilizer application amounts on pepper yield and soil exchangeable Mg content was studied, and the mechanisms was also explored.

Methods

A field experiment was conducted in east of Guizhou Province during 2018 and 2019, using chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum var. conoides) as test material. Five Mg application levels were set up, including: 0, 22.5, 45, 67.5, and 90 kg/hm2, denoted as Mg0, Mg22.5, Mg45, Mg67.5, andMg90, respectively. Chilli pepper yield, yield components, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaves chlorophyll content, shoot Mg concentration and soil exchangeable Mg content were measured.

Results

Soil Mg application significantly increased the yield of pepper, with the Mg67.5 and Mg90 treatments showing the best results. In 2018 and 2019, the yields of chilli pepper significantly increased by 20.7%−40.6% and 14.8%−18.0%, respectively, compared to the Mg0 treatment. The yield increase was mainly attributed to improvements in the number of fruits per plant and single fruit weight. Soil Mg fertilization enhanced the Pn, chlorophyll content, and Mg content of the plants during the flowering and fruit-setting stage (a critical growth period). In 2018 and 2019, the Pn were increased by 41.8%−72.8% and 27.3%−71.3%, respectively, total chlorophyll content increased by 23.1%−37.2% and 9.3%−14.8%, respectively, compared to the Mg0 treatment. During the flowering and fruit-setting stage, plant magnesium concentration increased by 57.3%−74.7% and 29.8%−69.8%, respectively. At harvest, plant magnesium concentration increased by 24.7%−78.0% and 17.6%−42.1%, respectively. The 0−20 cm soil layer exchangeable Mg content under Mg-treated plots in 2018 and 2019 was 58.1−79.4 mg/kg and 62.1−101.7 mg/kg, respectively, representing significant increases of 26.8%−52.9% and 34.9%−121.0%, compared to the Mg0 treatment. In 2018, there were no significant differences in exchangeable Mg content among treatments in the 20−40 cm and 40−60 cm soil layers. In 2019, the exchangeable Mg content in the 20−40 cm and 40−60 cm soil layers under Mg treatments was 64.0−92.6 mg/kg and 70.9−97.0 mg/kg, respectively, showing significant increases of 18.3%−71.3% and 11.9%−53.0%, compared to Mg0 treatment. Regression analysis revealed that the Pn during the flowering and fruit-setting stage, as well as the yield of chilli pepper, exhibited a highly significant linear positive correlation with the exchangeable Mg concentration in the 0−20 cm soil layer at harvest. The Mg content in the fruit of chilli pepper reached a plateau value of 1.95 g/kg when the soil exchangeable Mg concentration reached 74.2 mg/kg.

Conclusions

Mg fertilization can effectively improve the exchangeable Mg concentration in 0−20 cm soil layer, providing sufficient Mg nutrition for chilli pepper during the whole growing period. As a result, Mg fertilization can enhance the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of leaves, and maintain leaf greenness during flowering and fruit-setting stage, and therefore increase the chilli pepper yield and fruit Mg content. Applying Mg 67.5 kg/hm2 is recommended for high chilli pepper yield and maximum fruit Mg content, as well as the high soil exchangeable Mg content in the tested area.

Capsicum annuum var. conoides  /  base Mg fertilization  /  chilli pepper yield  /  leaf net photosynthetic rate  /  chlorophyll content  /  fruit Mg content  /  soil exchangeable Mg
管西林, 卢明, 刘敦一, 张玉凤, 梁怡, 田慎重, 姚智. 土施镁肥提升线辣椒产量和土壤镁素含量. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2026 , 32 (5) : 1135 -1146 . DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2025355
Xi-lin GUAN, Ming LU, Dun-yi LIU, Yu-feng ZHANG, Yi LIANG, Shen-zhong TIAN, Zhi YAO. Soil-applied magnesium fertilizer enhances pepper yield and soil exchangeable magnesium content[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2026 , 32 (5) : 1135 -1146 . DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2025355
辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)为一年生或多年生茄科辣椒属作物,其富含维生素、氨基酸、蛋白质和膳食纤维等多种对人体有益的成分,是全球普遍种植的蔬菜之一[1],也是我国种植面积最大的蔬菜作物。西南地区作为全国辣椒生产和消费典型区域,其种植面积约占全国种植面积的30%,辣椒生产是该区域发展农村经济的支柱产业之一[23],其中线辣椒又因其独特的风味而受到种植户和消费者的青睐。因此,在西南地区开展线辣椒增产增效研究对提高区域蔬菜生产水平、增加农民经济收益具有重要实践意义。
据统计,西南四省辣椒平均产量为30.1 t/hm2,是全国平均单产的73.1%[4],西南黄壤上辣椒的单产水平更低,仅有23.8 t/hm2[5]。作为西南三大土壤类型之一,黄壤具有高风化、强酸性及保水保肥能力弱等特点,另外,该地区土壤平均交换性镁浓度仅为94.9 mg/kg,镁素缺乏是限制该地区线辣椒高产高效生产的主要原因[3, 5]。但相对于氮磷钾肥管理,当前农业集约化生产的镁肥管理并未获得足够的关注[6]。作为叶绿素a和b卟啉环中心原子,镁在维持叶绿体结构和绿叶细胞功能上起决定性作用,影响着植物叶绿素合成、光合作用、碳水化合物分配、蛋白质合成等系列生理生化过程[7]。土壤−作物系统缺镁(绝对缺乏或生理缺乏)易造成植株光合同化产物合成和转运受阻,从而导致植株生物量累积不足,作物减产及品质下降[68]。研究表明,施用镁肥分别显著提高缺镁土壤上洋葱和冬瓜产量38.0%和20.4%[910],提高伊朗大麦籽粒产量8.6%[11],总体而言施镁能平均提高田间作物产量8.5%[12]。为确定适宜镁肥用量,通常以植株镁营养和土壤有效镁浓度作为评估依据,其中土壤临界缺镁浓度(以交换性镁计)范围为 50~250 mg/kg [1315],植株为<2.5 g/kg [16]。但目前关于线辣椒临界镁浓度的研究尚较为缺乏,尤其是在以提质增效为目的的线辣椒生产体系中。
农业生产中作物缺镁现象时有发生,作物在生物量快速累积的关键生育期对缺镁尤为敏感[7, 17]。理论上,提升作物产量和品质的基本途径就是改善植株营养状况及生物累积量并将其尽可能多的分配至收获部分[6]。然而,目前关于田间镁肥管理对西南缺镁土壤线辣椒生产影响的研究仍较缺乏,土施镁肥对线辣椒产量形成和土壤镁含量的影响亟需被回答,厘清保障线辣椒高产和果实镁营养强化的植株和土壤临界镁浓度意义重大。
因此,本研究在西南地区贵州黔东南典型线辣椒种植区,设置连续2年的田间试验,通过测定线辣椒产量、产量构成、关键生育期叶绿素含量和光合特性、土壤镁含量等指标,旨在研究土施镁肥对露地线辣椒产量形成和土壤镁含量的影响,为露地线辣椒优质高产高效生产实践提供理论依据和技术支撑。
试验地点位于贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州锦屏县敦寨镇(26.5ºN,109.3ºE),该区属于典型的中亚热带湿润季风气候,海拔约390 m,年均气温15.9℃,年降水量1000~1200 mm,雨热同季,约75%降水集中在4—10月。辣椒−大白菜轮作是当地主要旱地种植制度,辣椒种植季集中在4—8月,大白菜种植季为10月至次年2月,其余时间休耕。供试土壤粘粒(≤ 0.002 mm)、粉粒(0.02~0.002 mm)和沙粒(2~0.02 mm)含量分别为45%、43.5%、11.5%,土壤为壤质粘土。基础土壤pH值4.9,有机质19.7 g/kg,交换性镁、钾、钙浓度分别为56.6、84.3、342 mg/kg,土壤交换性钾处于适宜状态,土壤交换性镁和交换性钙属于缺乏状态[18]。2018和2019年辣椒种植期间的降雨量分别为480和686 mm。
大田试验于2018年5月至2019年8月连续开展2年,采用单因素随机区组设计,共设5个镁肥用量处理,分别为0 (Mg0)、22.5 (Mg22.5)、45 (Mg45)、67.5 (Mg67.5)和90 kg/hm2 (Mg90),每个处理4个重复,共20个小区(4.5 m×4.0 m),镁肥品种为七水硫酸镁,以基肥一次性施入。线辣椒(Capsicum annuum var. conoides)品种为“辛香8号”,双行垄面种植,株行距0.4 m×0.55 m,移栽密度4.545 ×104/hm2。线辣椒生育期氮、磷和钾肥施用总量分别为N 250 kg/hm2、P2O5 140 kg/hm2和K2O 300 kg/hm2,肥料品种分别为尿素、磷酸一铵、硫酸钾,基追肥占比分别为4∶6、5∶5和3∶7,追肥于线辣椒开花坐果期和盛果期均分2次施用,基肥条施,追肥穴施。线辣椒全期不灌溉,病虫害防治等田间管理参照当地生产习惯。
测产:选取小区中间1.1 m×4 m代表性区域作为测产样方,于开花坐果期门椒绿熟时第1次采收至收获期最后1次采收,2018年共采收6次,2019年采收7次,采收辣椒产量之和为总辣椒产量。
产量构成因素:采收前,每测产样方固定相邻的12株线辣椒,采用第1次、第4次和最后1次采收的线辣椒调查单株挂果数,每小区随机选取12~15个线辣椒果实,分别称重后取平均值,作为单果重。
地上部生物量:于开花坐果期(指线辣椒第1次采收时间,2018、2019年分别为7月5日和6月4日)和收获期(指线辣椒最后1次采收时间,2018、2019年分别为8月21日和8月16日),各选取测产样方外长势具代表性的相邻4株线辣椒,齐根收获,带回实验室,按茎秆、叶、次果和商品果(果长≥14 cm,果径≥12 mm,统一绿熟度)样品,用超纯水洗净,放入烘箱,于105ºC杀青30 min,75ºC烘至恒重,称重计算干物质累积量,然后粉碎装袋备用。
叶绿素含量:于开花坐果期和收获期,每小区选取长势相近的相邻20株线辣椒,各株选取高度与方位相同的2片最新完全展开叶,放入冰盒带回实验室,保存于−80ºC冰箱待用。
净光合速率:于开花坐果期,每小区随机选取两株代表性长势线辣椒,选择晴天无风上午9—11点,采用CIRAS-2 (A) 型便携式光合作用测定系统(美国)对同一位置的2片最新完全展开叶进行原位监测,次日复测,净光合速率为两个叶片两次测定数据的平均值。
土样采集:每小区选6个点,于线辣椒收获期,采集0—20、20—40和40—60 cm土层土样,同层土样混合成1个土壤样品,带回实验室,剔除石砾及肉眼可见的植物根系等杂质,风干后过1 mm孔径尼龙网筛,装袋备用。
样品分析:植株样品利用HNO3−H2O2 (GR)方法[19],经全自动消解仪(Auto Digiblock S60UP,LabTech,美国)完全消解抽滤后,采用电感耦合等离子体光谱发射仪(ICP-OES,5110 SVDV,Agilent,Santa Clara,CA,美国)测定植株镁浓度。线辣椒叶片叶绿素含量测定参考曹建康等《果蔬采后生理生化试验指导》[20]。风干土经中性NH4OAc浸提后[21],采用ICP-OES测定滤液中土壤交换性镁浓度。
采用Microsoft office 2019进行数据处理和作图,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 25进行数据统计分析[单因素方差分析(ANOVAs)],P<0.05时为差异显著。采用SAS软件和Microsoft office 2019进行不同变量间的拟合。
表1所示,土施镁肥和种植年份对线辣椒产量、产量构成和生物量产生显著影响,而土施镁肥和年份的交互影响却不显著。土施镁肥显著提高线辣椒产量,其中以Mg67.5和Mg90处理效果较好,两年产量分别达37.4~42.0和32.1~43.2 t/hm2其较Mg0处理两年分别增产20.7%~40.6%和14.8%~18.0%。产量构成上,土施镁肥显著增加线辣椒单株挂果数和单果重(2019年)。
图1可知,线辣椒产量与开花坐果期植株生物量的拟合符合线性−平台关系,达到产量平台时的生物量为1.85 t/hm2 (图1-A);产量与开花坐果期后的生物累积量和全生育期生物量呈极显著的正相关关系(图1-B和C)。
表2可知,植株镁浓度和植株镁累积量受土施镁肥和种植年份的影响较大,受两者的交互影响较小。2018年,与Mg0处理相比,土施镁肥分别显著增加开花坐果期和收获期植株镁浓度57.3%~74.7%和24.7%~78.0%。2019年,与Mg0处理相比,土施镁肥处理开花坐果期和收获期植株镁浓度分别显著增加29.8%~69.8%和17.6%~42.1%。线辣椒植株镁累积量的变化趋势与植株镁浓度的响应一致。
土施镁肥对收获期土壤交换性镁浓度影响如图2所示。2018和2019年,土施镁肥处理0—20 cm土层土壤交换性镁浓度分别为58.1~79.4和62.1~101.7 mg/kg,与Mg0处理相比,土施镁肥处理0—20 cm土层2018、2019年交换性镁浓度分别显著增加26.8%~52.9%和34.9%~121.0% 与Mg0处理相比,2018年,土施镁肥对20—40和40—60 cm土层交换性镁浓度无显著性影响,2019年,土施镁肥处理20—40和40—60 cm土层交换性镁浓度分别为64.0~92.6和70.9~97.0 mg/kg,较Mg0分别显著增加18.3%~71.3%和11.9%~53.0%。
图3可知,开花坐果期生物量随植株镁浓度的增加呈先增加后稳定趋势,生物量达到平台时的植株临界镁浓度为2.89 g/kg (图3)。线辣椒开花坐果期后生物累积量、产量和商品果加权镁浓度与开花坐果期植株镁浓度间则表现为极显著的线性正相关关系。
图4可知,线辣椒产量与收获期土壤交换性镁浓度呈极显著线性正相关关系。同时线辣椒商品果的加权镁浓度对收获期土壤交换性镁浓度的响应曲线符合线性−平台模型,且达到果实高镁浓度(1.95 g/kg)平台时对应的土壤交换性镁浓度为74.2 mg/kg。
图5可知,线辣椒开花坐果期叶片的净光合速率随施镁量增多先增加后趋于稳定。与Mg0处理相比,2018和2019年土施镁肥分别显著提高了线辣椒叶片净光合速率41.8%~72.8%和27.3%~71.3%,0—20 cm土壤交换性镁浓度与线辣椒叶片净光合速率呈极显著线性相关关系。叶片净光合速率与植株镁浓度的拟合呈极显著的线性−平台关系,达到线辣椒叶片净光合速率平台时的植株临界镁浓度为3.61 g/kg。随开花坐果期叶片净光合速率增加,线辣椒全生育期总生物量和线辣椒产量均表现为线性增加的趋势。
表3可知,开花坐果期和收获期叶绿素浓度受土施镁肥和种植年份的影响显著,受两者的交互影响较小。与Mg0处理相比,2018和2019年开花坐果期,叶绿素总量分别显著增加23.1%~37.2%和9.3%~14.8%;2018年土施施镁能显著提高叶绿素a含量,2019年无显著性影响,但较Mg0处理,仍能明显提高叶绿素a含量4.9%~17.8%;叶片叶绿素b含量则随施镁量增加表现出先增加后下降趋势。收获期,随施镁量增加,叶片叶绿素a、b和总量均呈现先增加后稳定的趋势。
在之前本地区相关的调研及报道中,同类型线辣椒产量为6.17~30.1 t/hm2[45, 2223],本研究中Mg67.5和Mg90处理两年线辣椒产量分别为37.4~42.0和32.1~43.2 t/hm2 (表1),较区域平均产量出现大幅提升。单株挂果数和单果重的增加是辣椒产量显著提高的主要原因。与周晓芬等[24]和潘顺秋等[25]在海南甜椒及梁怡[3]在贵州线椒上的研究结果一致,增施镁肥实现线辣椒高产可解释为镁素供应保障了植株适宜的分枝群体数量,使更多的光合同化产物向果实转移。生物量和收获指数是作物产量建成的两大基础要素[26],本研究中土施镁肥对线辣椒收获指数无明显影响,但植株生物累积量随施镁量增加显著增加(表1),表明镁肥影响线辣椒产量建成主要是通过增加生物量累积来实现。线辣椒生物量累积特征符合“S”型曲线,其累积主要发生在开花坐果期之后 (图6)。尽管线辣椒产量对花前花后生物累积量均有响应,但在开花坐果期生物累积量达1.85 t/hm2平台值后未见明显增产效应(图1-A),而产量对开花坐果期后生物累积量的响应则表现出极显著线性相关(图1-B)。上述结果说明,在收获指数无明显贡献前提下,线辣椒产量的增加通过较高的开花坐果期后植株生物累积量来实现。
深入的机制分析可以揭示土施镁肥增加线辣椒开花坐果期后生物累积量的原因。其一,镁肥提高了线辣椒开花坐果期(关键生育期)植株镁浓度(表2),有研究指出充足的植株镁营养可促进地上部碳水化合物向根系转移,促进作物根系生长发育,保障作物从土壤中高效获取满足自身需求的各类营养物质,同时也能避免叶片发生光氧化胁迫而退绿丧失绿叶功能[2728],简言之,适当提高植株镁营养能保障土壤−线辣椒系统地上地下良性互作,为线辣椒健康生长及生物量积累奠定基础。其二,镁肥提高了线辣椒开花坐果期叶片净光合速率(图5)。光合作用是作物生物量累积的基本途径[29],镁是光合反应中捕获及同化CO2的RuBP羧化酶和PEP羧化酶在内等300多种酶的活化因子,充足的镁营养供应是植物进行高效光合速率的基础[30]。本研究中,线辣椒开花坐果期叶片光合速率与全生育期生物累积量及产量均表现出极显著线性关系(图5);且施镁显著提高了线辣椒叶片叶绿素含量,延迟了叶片衰老(表3),为线辣椒进行光合作用制造光合产物提供基础,这也进一步解释了镁肥能有效保障线辣椒群体的高生产性。因此,土施镁肥提高线辣椒产量的植物营养学机制可概括为:提高了线辣椒关键生育期植株镁营养、叶片叶绿素含量及光合速率,三者间的积极互馈共同促进了植株生物量的累积及光合同化物向果实的运移。
作物高产体系的建立依赖于土壤养分充足供应和植株养分高量累积及高效转移[3133]。当前试验条件下,土施镁肥显著提高了0—20 cm土层土壤交换性镁浓度和植株镁累积,随镁肥连续施用和种植年限增加,20—40和40—60 cm土层交换性镁浓度呈显著增加趋势(表2图2),即施镁提高了0—60 cm土壤植物有效性镁的供应能力。这与连奕璇等[34]的研究结果一致,他们发现通过土施镁肥可以显著提升土壤交换性镁含量。Li 等[35]和Zhang等[36]研究还表明,适当增施镁肥显著提高植物根长及根系生物量,有效改善植物根系构型,促进植物对镁养分的吸收累积。此外,在观察到土施镁肥可提高0—60 cm土壤植物有效性镁供应能力的同时,还需关注其潜在的淋溶风险。本研究中2019年土施镁肥处理20—40和40—60 cm土壤的交换性镁浓度显著高于Mg0处理,这可能是由于2019年辣椒季较高的降雨量和2018年收获季0—20 cm土壤显著提升的土壤交换性镁浓度(图2)导致的。焦加斌等[37]在华南冬瓜主产区的研究指出,土壤交换性镁浓度和降雨量是影响镁淋洗的主要因素,其贡献率分别达到22.9%和22.0%。
另外,本研究通过建立植株镁和土壤交换性镁浓度与产量的关系,以及土壤交换性镁浓度与线辣椒果实镁浓度的关系,旨在确定高产优质线辣椒体系的植株和土壤最适临界镁浓度。结果表明植株镁和土壤交换性镁浓度与线辣椒产量间均表现为极显著线性正相关关系(图3图4),没有出现拐点,因此目前尚无法确定高产线辣椒体系的植株和土壤最适临界镁浓度。同时,这一结果也表明,当前区域线辣椒产量提升潜力较大,种植区域土壤交换性镁浓度不足是限制线辣椒增产的一个重要因素,提高土壤镁养分供应能力需要在线辣椒高产栽培中得到更多关注。本研究中,线辣椒果实镁浓度对土壤交换性镁浓度的响应符合平台−线性关系(图4),在土壤交换性镁浓度为74.2 mg/kg时,线辣椒果实镁浓度达到平台值,而在连续两季施用镁肥之后,施Mg 45~90 kg/hm2的处理0—20 cm土壤交换性镁浓度均可达到此值(图2),这也说明土施镁肥对于提升线辣椒果实品质发挥重要的作用。此外,为尽快达到线辣椒生产的高产平台值,施肥实践上需重点关注钾镁平衡供应问题。据报道,当土壤交换性钾/镁大于0.5时,作物对土壤镁养分的吸收被显著抑制[38],而当前研究区域菜地土壤的交换性钾与交换性镁比值高达1.37~1.92[5],存在严重的土壤养分不平衡问题,因此,解决区域土壤钾镁比例严重失衡问题既能有效提高线辣椒产量,也可进一步改善线辣椒果实镁浓度,提高其营养水平。综上所述,应加快基于线辣椒高产的土壤交换性镁和植株镁临界值研究,完善线辣椒种植体系的镁养分管理和钾镁平衡供应策略,更好实现低镁种植区线辣椒的优质高产高效栽培。
土施镁肥有效提升了土壤交换性镁含量,为线辣椒全生育期提供了充分的镁营养,因而显著提高了线辣椒开花坐果期叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率,延长了叶片持绿期和果实收获期,进而增加了辣椒单株挂果数及单果重,大幅度提高辣椒产量。镁肥(Mg) 67.5kg/hm2是线辣椒高产且果实镁浓度达到最高的施用量,可推荐为本地区的合理施镁量。

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doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2025355
  • 接收时间:2025-08-12
  • 首发时间:2026-07-16
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12
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    1山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 / 养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室 / 农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室,山东济南 250100
    2重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆 401121
    3西南大学资源环境学院 / 长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆 400716
    4云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明 650201

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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