Article(id=1284574848785559679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11674/zwyf.2025238, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748793600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1759507200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-04, onlineDate=1784196110196, onlineDateStr=2026-07-16, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1784196110196, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1784196110196, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1784196110196, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1284574825708503250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, year='2026', volume='32', issue='5', pageStart='965', pageEnd='1180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1784196104695, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784196513220, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1284576539283001906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1284576539283001907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, issueId=1284574825708503250, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1030, endPage=1042, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1284574848991080576, articleId=1284574848785559679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, language=EN, title=Assessment of nitrogen inputs and loss risks in maize fields at the county scale in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, Ningxia, columnId=1284574826530586835, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objectives

To clarify the characteristics of nitrogen flux balance, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and nitrogen loss thresholds (maximum environmentally permissible emissions) in maize fields of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, Ningxia, and to establish a corresponding management system.

Methods

From 2018 to 2023, total nitrogen input in maize fields across the irrigation district increased from 47800 t in 2018 to 65000 t in 2023, an increase of 35.83%, primarily due to a cropland expansion of 17100 hectares. Concurrently, environmental nitrogen emissions rose from 8900 t (18.70% of input) to 12100 t (18.55% of input), a 34.69% growth, with ammonia volatilization as the dominant pathway (accounting for 56.98% of total environmental emissions), followed by leaching (accounting for 26.54% of total environmental emissions) and runoff/erosion (accounting for 9.99% of total environmental emissions). The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in the irrigation district reached 42.92% in 2023, an increase of 5.72 percentage points compared with 2018. Notably, in Jinfeng District, ammonia volatilization risk decreased from 208% above the threshold (high risk in 2018) to low risk in 2023 through fertilizer reduction, while leaching risk was effectively controlled−by 2023, only Xixia District remained at low risk, and all other counties achieved risk-free status. Balanced fertilization combined with enhanced-efficiency fertilizers (S2) was identified as the optimal strategy. Compared with nitrogen reduction alone (S1), S2 increased nitrogen fertilizer reduction potential by 5.19−8.42 percentage points, improved use efficiency by 4.80−5.14 percentage points, reduced total environmental emissions by 44.13% (with all loss pathways below thresholds), and decreased environmental emissions by 52.50% while increasing nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency by 12.45 percentage points, compared with the 2023 baseline (S0).

Conclusions

Integrating balanced fertilization with enhanced efficiency fertilizers, together with water saving engineering measures, can reduce all forms of nitrogen emissions below environmental thresholds in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, representing a key technological pathway for achieving regional agricultural green development and nitrogen emission mitigation.

, authors=Jian-hang LUO1, Yu-zhou XU2, Xiao-tong LIU1, Ke-feng HOU3, Yong-feng DING4, Han-lin WANG5, Zhi LI6, Xiao-xia MA7, Ying ZHAO1, Ying MA1, Xue-jun ZHANG1, *, Tian-peng ZHANG8, Qiu-liang LEI8, authorsList=Jian-hang LUO, Yu-zhou XU, Xiao-tong LIU, Ke-feng HOU, Yong-feng DING, Han-lin WANG, Zhi LI, Xiao-xia MA, Ying ZHAO, Ying MA, Xue-jun ZHANG, Tian-peng ZHANG, Qiu-liang LEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xue-jun ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of plant nutrition and fertilizer. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1284574850454892687, articleId=1284574848785559679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, language=CN, title=宁夏青铜峡灌区县域尺度玉米田氮素投入及损失风险评价, columnId=1284574826685776085, journalTitle=植物营养与肥料学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

明确宁夏青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素流动与平衡特征、氮肥利用效率、氮素环境排放阈值(环境可承载的最大排放量),并制定相应防控体系。

方法

以宁夏青铜峡灌区玉米农田系统为研究对象,基于2018年和2023年的统计数据,运用Nufer (nutrient flows in food chain, environment and resources use)模型,评估玉米田氮素流动与平衡,并利用情景模拟明确该地氮肥减施潜力。

结果

2018—2023年期间,灌区玉米田氮素总输入量从4.78万t增加到6.50万t,增幅达35.83%,这主要源于种植面积扩大了1.71万hm2。环境排放总量从0.89万t (占输入量18.70%)升至1.21万t (占输入量18.55%),增幅34.69%,其中,氨挥发为主要途径(占环境排放总量的56.98%),其次为淋溶损失(占环境排放总量的26.54%)、径流与侵蚀损失(占环境排放总量的9.99%)。2023年灌区的氮肥利用率为42.92%,较2018年增加5.72个百分点。2018年金凤区氨挥发为阈值的208%,属于高风险区;2023年采用化肥减施后降至低风险;淋溶损失控制效果突出,2023年仅西夏区为低风险,其余县区均处于无风险水平。平衡施肥+新型肥料(S2)为最优方案,与单纯减氮(S1)相比,氮肥减施潜力提升5.19~8.42个百分点,利用率提高4.80~5.14个百分点;环境排放总量降低44.13%,各途径损失均低于阈值;与2023年基准(S0)方案相比,排放量减少52.50%,利用率提升12.45个百分点。

结论

通过平衡施肥配合施用新型肥料,并同时实施工程节水等措施,可将宁夏青铜峡灌区各种途径氮素环境排放降低至阈值以下,是实现区域农业绿色发展与氮素减排的重要技术路径。

, authors=罗健航1, 徐宇宙2, 刘晓彤1, 侯克峰3, 丁永峰4, 王翰霖5, 李志6, 马晓霞7, 赵营1, 马英1, 张学军1, *, 张天鹏8, 雷秋良8, authorsList=罗健航, 徐宇宙, 刘晓彤, 侯克峰, 丁永峰, 王翰霖, 李志, 马晓霞, 赵营, 马英, 张学军, 张天鹏, 雷秋良, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张学军, authorNote=

罗建航 E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张学军 E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《植物营养与肥料学报》2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=iKTfagtNXHBtplH4K3x/9w==, magXml=h8fDrp68esWGoQ9u5B/ApQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=JSDHfjFGVxDCEhkGtxs8PQ==, pdfFileSize=1045537, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7KTGy3cQT8DshaT4pWD4Mw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=fDuUGHn1cterRz9Epx/EwQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1284574853038583977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=172881602@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853139247275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853038583977, language=EN, stringName=Jian-hang LUO, firstName=Jian-hang, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853214744748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853038583977, language=CN, stringName=罗健航, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574853286047918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853348962480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853286047918, language=EN, stringName=Yu-zhou XU, firstName=Yu-zhou, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaaxi 712100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853411877041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853286047918, language=CN, stringName=徐宇宙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850819797139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850828185748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850819797139, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaaxi 712100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850836574357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850819797139, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100)])]), Author(id=1284574853478985907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853567066294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853478985907, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-tong LIU, firstName=Xiao-tong, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853629980855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853478985907, language=CN, stringName=刘晓彤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574853697089721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853789364411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853697089721, language=EN, stringName=Ke-feng HOU, firstName=Ke-feng, middleName=null, lastName=HOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3Qingtongxia Science and Technology Bureau, Wuzhong, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853873250492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853697089721, language=CN, stringName=侯克峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏吴忠 751600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852459770006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852472352919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852459770006, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Qingtongxia Science and Technology Bureau, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852480741528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852459770006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏吴忠 751600)])]), Author(id=1284574853952942270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854028439744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853952942270, language=EN, stringName=Yong-feng DING, firstName=Yong-feng, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4Qingtongxia Agricultural Technology and Agricultural Mechanization Extension Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854087160001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853952942270, language=CN, stringName=丁永峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4青铜峡市农业技术和农机化推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852564627609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852573016218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852564627609, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Qingtongxia Agricultural Technology and Agricultural Mechanization Extension Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852585599131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852564627609, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4青铜峡市农业技术和农机化推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751600)])]), Author(id=1284574854166851779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854250737861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854166851779, language=EN, stringName=Han-lin WANG, firstName=Han-lin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854317846726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854166851779, language=CN, stringName=王翰霖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852669485212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852677873821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852669485212, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852686262430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852669485212, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574854389149896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854473035978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854389149896, language=EN, stringName=Zhi LI, firstName=Zhi, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=6, address=6Shizuishan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Shizuishan, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854540144843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854389149896, language=CN, stringName=李志, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=6, address=6石嘴山市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山 753000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852744982687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=6, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852753371296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852744982687, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6Shizuishan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Shizuishan, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852761759905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852744982687, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6石嘴山市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山 753000)])]), Author(id=1284574854603059405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854712111311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854603059405, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-xia MA, firstName=Xiao-xia, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=7, address=7Wuzhong Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854770831568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854603059405, language=CN, stringName=马晓霞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=7, address=7吴忠市利通区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751100, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852824674466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=7, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852833063075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852824674466, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7Wuzhong Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852841451684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852824674466, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7吴忠市利通区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751100)])]), Author(id=1284574854863106258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854959575252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854863106258, language=EN, stringName=Ying ZHAO, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574855035072725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854863106258, language=CN, stringName=赵营, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574855135736023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574855236399321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574855135736023, language=EN, stringName=Ying MA, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574855290925274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574855135736023, language=CN, stringName=马英, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574856494690524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=10, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhxjun2002@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574856763125982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856494690524, language=EN, stringName=Xue-jun ZHANG, firstName=Xue-jun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574856838623455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856494690524, language=CN, stringName=张学军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574856918315233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=11, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574856977035491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856918315233, language=EN, stringName=Tian-peng ZHANG, firstName=Tian-peng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574857052532964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856918315233, language=CN, stringName=张天鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852942114981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=8, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852950503590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852954697895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1284574857115447526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=12, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574857182556392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574857115447526, language=EN, stringName=Qiu-liang LEI, firstName=Qiu-liang, middleName=null, lastName=LEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574857249665257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574857115447526, language=CN, stringName=雷秋良, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852942114981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=8, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852950503590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852954697895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1284574857350328554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Nufer model), Keyword(id=1284574857455186155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Qingtongxia irrigation district), Keyword(id=1284574857526489324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=maize field system), Keyword(id=1284574857589403885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=nitrogen balance), Keyword(id=1284574857773953262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=nitrogen loss), Keyword(id=1284574857853645040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=loss risk assessment), Keyword(id=1284574857920753905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=Nufer模型), Keyword(id=1284574857996251379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=青铜峡灌区), Keyword(id=1284574858193383668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=玉米田系统), Keyword(id=1284574858256298229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=氮素平衡), Keyword(id=1284574858327601398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=氮素流失), Keyword(id=1284574858403098871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=损失风险评价)], refs=[Reference(id=1284574862014394635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘春雨, 杨智宇, 李丽丽, 等. 菌根真菌对植物氮素利用影响研究进展[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 348−353., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862077309196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C Y, Yang Z Y, Li L L, et al. Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant nitrogen utilization[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 348−353., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862165389581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡春胜, 张玉铭, 秦树平, 等. 华北平原农田生态系统氮素过程及其环境效应研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(10): 1501−1514., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862240887054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu C S, Zhang Y M, Qin S P, et al. Nitrogen processes and related environmental effects on agro-ecosystem in the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(10): 1501−1514., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862295413007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu L, Zheng X, Wei X, et al. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and organophosphorus pesticides induced total phosphorus loss from planting causing surface water eutrophication[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 23015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862375104784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Menegat S, Ledo A, Tirado R. Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 14490., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862438019345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金欣鹏, 柏兆海, 马林. 基于养分损失脆弱区的氮磷淋溶分区消减策略[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(1): 217−229., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862505128210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin X P, Bai Z H, Ma L. Regional nitrogen and phosphorus leaching mitigation strategies based on nutrient losses vulnerable zones in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(1): 217−229., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862572237075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Vries W, Kros J, Kroeze C, et al. Assessing planetary and regional nitrogen boundaries related to food security and adverse environmental impacts[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2013, 5(3): 392−402., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862660317460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张君, 赵沛义, 潘志华, 等. 基于产量及环境友好的玉米氮肥投入阈值确定[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(12): 136−143., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862735814933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Zhao P Y, Pan Z H, et al. Determination of input threshold of nitrogen fertilizer based on environment-friendly agriculture and maize yield[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(12): 136−143., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862798729494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗付香, 林超文, 涂仕华, 等. 紫色坡耕地玉米适产和环境友好的氮肥投入阈值[J]. 西南农业学报, 2015, 28(2): 625−631., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862874226967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo F X, Lin C W, Tu S H, et al. Threshold of nitrogen inputs of yield and suitable environment of purple sloping corn[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 28(2): 625−631., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574862941335832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张英鹏, 李洪杰, 刘兆辉, 等. 农田减氮调控施肥对华北潮土区小麦−玉米轮作体系氮素损失的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1179−1187., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863000056089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y P, Li H J, Liu Z H, et al. Effect of reducing N and regulated fertilization on N loss from wheat-maize rotation system of farmland in Chao soil region of North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1179−1187., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863092330778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Q, Liu P, Dong S, et al. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers mitigates ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions in a maize field[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2020, 117(1): 13−27., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863163633947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen L, Liu X, Hua Z, et al. Comparison of nitrogen loss weight in ammonia volatilization, runoff, and leaching between common and slow-release fertilizer in paddy field[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2021, 232(4): 132., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863234937116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao M, Li Y, Wang J, et al. Study on the law of nitrogen transfer and conversion and use of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation mode[J]. Water, 2019, 11(2): 218., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863318823197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶东靖, 高强, 何文天, 等. 施氮对春玉米氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(3): 552−558., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863402709278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye D J, Gao Q, He W T, et al. Effect of N application on N utilization and N balance in spring maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2010, 16(3): 552−558., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863478206751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁磊, 陈欣, 吕丽萍, 等. 黑土春玉米田氮素的淋溶风险与阻控机制研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(1): 102−112., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863536927008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan L, Chen X, Lü L P, et al. Nitrogen leaching risks and control mechanisms of spring maize fields in black soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(1): 102−112., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863620813089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zou H, Li D, Ren K, et al. Response of maize yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency to nitrogen fertilizer application in field with various soil fertility[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024, 15: 1349180., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863683727650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄少辉, 杨云马, 侯亮, 等. 基于Nufer模型的京津冀农牧系统氮素平衡状况及化学氮肥减施潜力分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 12−23., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863759225123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang S H, Yang Y M, Hou L, et al. Nitrogen balance and potential reduction of nitrogen fertilizer input in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei crop-livestock system based on Nufer model[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 12−23., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863855694116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余乐, 焦阳湄, 丁尚, 等. 江苏省农牧系统氮素流动特征及环境效应评价[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(10): 1658−1667., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863926997285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu L, Jiao Y M, Ding S, et al. Characteristics and environmental effects of nitrogen flows in the crop-livestock system of Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(10): 1658−1667., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574863998300454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王一莹, 张畅, 袁静超, 等. 东北黑土区典型县域农牧系统养分流动特征分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2024, 32(10): 1609−1625., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574864065409319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y Y, Zhang C, Yuan J C, et al. Nutrient flow characteristics analysis of typical county in crop-livestock systems in black soil region in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(10): 1609−1625., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574864153489704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马林. 中国食物链氮素流动规律及调控策略[D]. 河北保定: 河北农业大学博士学位论文, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574864233181481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma L. Mechanism and regulatory strategies of nitrogen flow in food Chain of China[D]. Baoding, Hebei: PhD Dissertation of Hebei Agricultural University, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574864300290346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马思琪, 李浩, 刘晓彤, 等. 宁夏回族自治区农田—畜牧系统氮素流动与平衡时空变化特征[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2024, 45(11): 217−228., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574864363204907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma S Q, Li H, Liu X T, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of nitrogen flow and balance in crop-livestock production system in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2024, 45(11): 217−228., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574864430313772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗健航, 王海廷, 赵营, 等. 不同水氮措施对农田氮素流失和动态变化规律[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(12): 2205−2212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574864501616941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo J H, Wang H T, Zhao Y, et al. Preliminary study on nitrogen loss and dynamic change of farmland under different water and nitrogen measures[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(12): 2205−2212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866162561326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓利. 我国“农田−畜牧−营养−环境”体系氮素养分循环与平衡[D]. 河北保定: 河北农业大学硕士学位论文, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866263224623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X L. Nitrogen cycling and balance in “agriculture-livestock-nutrition-environment” system of China[D]. Baoding, Hebei: MS Thesis of Hebei Agricultural University, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866342916400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=牛新胜, 巨晓棠. 我国有机肥料资源及利用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1462−1479., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866422608177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Niu X S, Ju X T. Organic fertilizer resources and utilization in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1462−1479., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866502299954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王秀斌, 梁国庆, 周卫, 等. 优化施肥下华北冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系农田反硝化损失与N2O排放特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(1): 48−54., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866565214515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X B, Liang G Q, Zhou W, et al. Effect of optimized nitrogen application on denitrification losses and N2O emissions from soil in winter wheat/summer corn rotation system in North China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers., 2009, 15(1): 48−54., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866636517684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张学军, 王海廷, 赵营, 等. 不同水肥调控对宁夏优势特色作物氮淋失及产量的影响[J]. 宁夏农林科技, 2020, 61(7): 6−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866695237941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X J, Wang H T, Zhao Y, et al. Effect of different water and fertilizer regulation on nitrogen leaching loss and yield of dominant and characteristic crops in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2020, 61(7): 6−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866762346806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐芳蕾, 张杰, 李阳, 等. 施肥方式对黄土高原旱作春玉米农田土壤氨挥发的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(12): 2360−2371., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866829455671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu F L, Zhang J, Li Y, et al. Effects of fertilization methods on ammonia volatilization of spring maize in dry farming on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2360−2371., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866883981624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张晓萌, 马文奇, 樊相文, 等. 县域尺度种养模式绿色转型的氮素优化管理途径—以唐县为例[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2025, 33(2): 338−349., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574866942701881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X M, Ma W Q, Fan X W, et al. Optimal nitrogen management approach for green transformation of crop-livestock mode at county level: A case study of Tangxian County[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2025, 33(2): 338−349., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867005616442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张福锁, 崔振岭, 陈新平, 等. 最佳养分管理技术列单[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867064336699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang F S, Cui Z L, Chen X P, et al. Best nutrient management practices (BMPs) list[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867135639868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨世琦. 基于国家粮食安全下的农业面源污染综合防治体系思考[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(17): 3380−3394., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867194360125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang S Q. Thought of pollution comprehensive prevention and control system of non-point sources based on national food security[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3380−3394., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867303412030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim S, Dale B E. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions and economics of corn production[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(16): 6028−6033., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867416658239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He W, Jiang R, He P, et al. Estimating soil nitrogen balance at regional scale in China’s croplands from 1984 to 2014[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2018, 167: 125−135., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867500544320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J J, He P, Xu X P, et al. Nutrient expert improves nitrogen efficiency and environmental benefits for winter wheat in China[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2018, 110(2): 696−706., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867563458881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张卫红, 李玉娥, 秦晓波, 等. 应用生命周期法评价我国测土配方施肥项目减排效果[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(7): 1422−1428., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867630567746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang W H, Li Y E, Qin X B, et al. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emission reduction by balanced fertilization in China using life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(7): 1422−1428., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867697676611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mustafa G, Hayat N, Alotaibi B A. How and why to prevent over fertilization to get sustainable crop production[M]. Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Academic Press, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867789951300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi X, Hao X, Shi F, et al. Improving cotton productivity and nutrient use efficiency by partially replacing chemical fertilizers with organic liquid fertilizer under mulched drip irrigation[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 216: 118731., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867852865861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X, Zhang L, Liu X. Optimizing water-fertilizer integration with drip irrigation management to improve crop yield, water, and nitrogen use efficiency: A meta-analysis study[J]. Scientia Horticulturae., 2024, 338: 113653., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1284574867924169030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y J, Lei T, Du W, et al. Substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic manure and comparing their nitrogen use efficiency and winter wheat yield[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2020, 158(4): 262−268., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574850819797139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850828185748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850819797139, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaaxi 712100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850836574357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850819797139, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574852459770006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852472352919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852459770006, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Qingtongxia Science and Technology Bureau, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852480741528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852459770006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏吴忠 751600)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574852564627609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852573016218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852564627609, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Qingtongxia Agricultural Technology and Agricultural Mechanization Extension Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852585599131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852564627609, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4青铜峡市农业技术和农机化推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751600)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574852669485212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852677873821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852669485212, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852686262430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852669485212, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川 750002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574852744982687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=6, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852753371296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852744982687, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6Shizuishan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Shizuishan, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852761759905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852744982687, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6石嘴山市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山 753000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574852824674466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=7, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852833063075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852824674466, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7Wuzhong Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852841451684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852824674466, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7吴忠市利通区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1284574852942114981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=8, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852950503590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852954697895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1284574858554093816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Nitrogen supply and demand of maize fields in different counties of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, figureFileSmall=xvcvvgvOrl3xMkO+pVZw/w==, figureFileBig=7KTGy3cQT8DshaT4pWD4Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574858625396985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=图1, caption=青铜峡灌区各区县玉米田氮素资源量和需求量, figureFileSmall=xvcvvgvOrl3xMkO+pVZw/w==, figureFileBig=7KTGy3cQT8DshaT4pWD4Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859040633082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Spatiotemporal characteristics of nitrogen inputs and outputs of maize fields in different counties of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, figureFileSmall=j8LnRfuugSbGTlI00p0H5g==, figureFileBig=YjlS1zI6uEfIXX2hc3PwjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859111936251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=图2, caption=青铜峡灌区各县区玉米田氮素输入输出时空特征, figureFileSmall=j8LnRfuugSbGTlI00p0H5g==, figureFileBig=YjlS1zI6uEfIXX2hc3PwjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859170656508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Nitrogen flow patterns and system boundaries of maize field systems, figureFileSmall=KV/Nrij1Z6dBDbBezfGkmg==, figureFileBig=/MTC+c+quqRLApYjSFSe9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859254542589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=图3, caption=玉米农田系统氮素流动模式及边界条件, figureFileSmall=KV/Nrij1Z6dBDbBezfGkmg==, figureFileBig=/MTC+c+quqRLApYjSFSe9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859447480575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Environmental nitrogen emissions from maize fields in different counties of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, figureFileSmall=T4IbHxaEpTYqAqP7tnyouw==, figureFileBig=VC9lmFo+NaEK1jIakpKCcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859514589440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=图4, caption=青铜峡灌区各区县玉米田氮素环境排放量, figureFileSmall=T4IbHxaEpTYqAqP7tnyouw==, figureFileBig=VC9lmFo+NaEK1jIakpKCcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859602669825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Risk classification of nitrogen losses via different pathways from maize fields in different counties of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District in 2018 and 2023, figureFileSmall=dshL831UqrC5cPlcbuU2nQ==, figureFileBig=1Tp14n9OSHh7ST6ZWAeehw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859711721730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2018和2023年青铜峡灌区各县区玉米田不同途径氮素损失风险评估, figureFileSmall=dshL831UqrC5cPlcbuU2nQ==, figureFileBig=1Tp14n9OSHh7ST6ZWAeehw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859774636291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Environmental nitrogen emissions from maize fields in different counties of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District under different scenarios, figureFileSmall=ZETic4wfOLsSD6B/o7qiqA==, figureFileBig=g1B2PfP8r1HsOZ6AlUfeVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859841745156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同情境下青铜峡灌区各县区玉米田氮素环境排放量, figureFileSmall=ZETic4wfOLsSD6B/o7qiqA==, figureFileBig=g1B2PfP8r1HsOZ6AlUfeVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574859934019845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Pathway-specific nitrogen loss risks in maize fields of different counties of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District under different scenarios, figureFileSmall=K7BI0pHKBPa5PwmK3CAWFw==, figureFileBig=QiJq36ZZvD1G16sHBGJOLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574860038877446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同情境下青铜峡灌区各县区玉米田不同途径氮素损失风险, figureFileSmall=K7BI0pHKBPa5PwmK3CAWFw==, figureFileBig=QiJq36ZZvD1G16sHBGJOLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284574861662073095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Technical list of nutrient management practices in maize field systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景 Scenarios环节 Section技术 Technique效果 Effect
S1施肥量
Fertilizer application rate
化肥减施
Chemical fertilizer reduction
氨挥发减少29.51%
Reduce 29.51% of NH3 emission
S2肥料产品
Fertilizer products
新型肥料 New-type fertilizer氨挥发减少40%,氮淋溶减少60%
Reduce 40% of NH3 emission and 60% of N leaching
S3施肥方式
Fertilization method
条施 Band application氨挥发减少20%,氮径流减少50%
Reduce 20% of NH3 emission and 50% of N runoff
S4灌溉 Irrigation工程节水
Engineering water-saving method
氮淋溶减少40%
Reduce 40% of N leaching
), ArticleFig(id=1284574861737570568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

玉米田系统养分管理技术清单[28]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景 Scenarios环节 Section技术 Technique效果 Effect
S1施肥量
Fertilizer application rate
化肥减施
Chemical fertilizer reduction
氨挥发减少29.51%
Reduce 29.51% of NH3 emission
S2肥料产品
Fertilizer products
新型肥料 New-type fertilizer氨挥发减少40%,氮淋溶减少60%
Reduce 40% of NH3 emission and 60% of N leaching
S3施肥方式
Fertilization method
条施 Band application氨挥发减少20%,氮径流减少50%
Reduce 20% of NH3 emission and 50% of N runoff
S4灌溉 Irrigation工程节水
Engineering water-saving method
氮淋溶减少40%
Reduce 40% of N leaching
), ArticleFig(id=1284574861829845257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Nitrogen input, fertilizer reduction potential, and nitrogen use efficiency of maize fields in different counties of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District under different scenarios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
县区
Counties
S0S1S2S3S4
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
兴庆区
Xingqing
270.0042.59216.9819.6453.00197.8026.7458.14208.4322.8155.17211.3621.7254.41
金凤区
Jinfeng
372.7531.39221.4440.5952.84201.8745.8457.96212.7142.9355.01215.7142.1354.25
西夏区
Xixia
430.5030.46252.7041.3051.90230.3746.4956.93242.7443.6254.02246.1542.8253.27
永宁县
Yongning
337.5041.25270.5619.8451.45246.6526.9256.44259.8923.0053.56263.5521.9152.82
贺兰县
Helan
420.0030.60246.8941.2252.05225.0746.4157.10237.1643.5354.19240.5042.7453.44
灵武市
Lingwu
322.5038.79239.3025.8052.27218.1532.3657.34229.8728.7254.42233.1127.7253.66
平罗县
Pingluo
379.5044.39335.3011.6550.24305.6619.4655.11322.0815.1352.30326.6113.9451.58
惠农区
Huinong
364.5047.71347.354.7150.07316.6513.1354.92333.668.4652.12338.367.1751.40
大武口区
Dawukou
363.0045.80330.388.9950.32301.1917.0355.20317.3612.5752.38321.8311.3451.66
利通区
Litong
376.9551.06388.43 49.55354.106.0654.35373.111.0251.58378.37 50.87
青铜峡市
Qingtongxia
412.5046.41386.196.3849.58352.0614.6554.38370.9710.0751.61376.198.8050.89
青铜峡灌区
Qingtongxiaguanqu
4049.742.923235.5220.150.482949.5727.1755.373107.9823.2552.553151.7422.1751.82
), ArticleFig(id=1284574861926314250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同情境下青铜峡灌区各县区玉米田氮素输入、氮肥减施潜力及氮肥利用效率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
县区
Counties
S0S1S2S3S4
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
Ninput
(kg/hm2)
NRP
(%)
NUEc
(%)
兴庆区
Xingqing
270.0042.59216.9819.6453.00197.8026.7458.14208.4322.8155.17211.3621.7254.41
金凤区
Jinfeng
372.7531.39221.4440.5952.84201.8745.8457.96212.7142.9355.01215.7142.1354.25
西夏区
Xixia
430.5030.46252.7041.3051.90230.3746.4956.93242.7443.6254.02246.1542.8253.27
永宁县
Yongning
337.5041.25270.5619.8451.45246.6526.9256.44259.8923.0053.56263.5521.9152.82
贺兰县
Helan
420.0030.60246.8941.2252.05225.0746.4157.10237.1643.5354.19240.5042.7453.44
灵武市
Lingwu
322.5038.79239.3025.8052.27218.1532.3657.34229.8728.7254.42233.1127.7253.66
平罗县
Pingluo
379.5044.39335.3011.6550.24305.6619.4655.11322.0815.1352.30326.6113.9451.58
惠农区
Huinong
364.5047.71347.354.7150.07316.6513.1354.92333.668.4652.12338.367.1751.40
大武口区
Dawukou
363.0045.80330.388.9950.32301.1917.0355.20317.3612.5752.38321.8311.3451.66
利通区
Litong
376.9551.06388.43 49.55354.106.0654.35373.111.0251.58378.37 50.87
青铜峡市
Qingtongxia
412.5046.41386.196.3849.58352.0614.6554.38370.9710.0751.61376.198.8050.89
青铜峡灌区
Qingtongxiaguanqu
4049.742.923235.5220.150.482949.5727.1755.373107.9823.2552.553151.7422.1751.82
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1283839223585312784, delFlag=0, nameCn=植物营养与肥料学报, nameEn=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1008-505X, eissn=null, cn=11-3996/S, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=dCKGycqe7YDMEQsPpjb5Ow==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1784020723484, updatedTime=1784195529763, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=Z, firstLetterEn=Z, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=dCKGycqe7YDMEQsPpjb5Ow==, picEn=bZxmSC22ew5fjJPt1rW7Sg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283846180106900474, language=CN, name=植物营养与肥料学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022382046, updatedTime=1784022382046, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283846180157232123, language=EN, name=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022382058, updatedTime=1784022382058, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://edit.plantnutrifert.org/journalx_zwyy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1283840259964276757, websiteList=[Website(id=1283840757266104700, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1283840259964276757, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1784021089140, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1784021175331, updateBy=18614031015, name=植物营养与肥料学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=植物营养与肥料学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1283841384880783829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1784021238775, updateTime=1784021238775, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384851423698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1784021238768, updateTime=1784021238768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384910143960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021238782, updateTime=1784021238782, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384838840785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=s07gs2gBRxOZN9fx6mitbQ==, createTime=1784021238765, updateTime=1784021238765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384926921178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021238786, updateTime=1784021238786, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384872395220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1784021238773, updateTime=1784021238773, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384918532569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021238784, updateTime=1784021238784, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384864006611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1784021238771, updateTime=1784021238771, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384893366742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1784021238778, updateTime=1784021238778, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841384901755351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757266104700, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1784021238780, updateTime=1784021238780, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1283840757329019266, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1283840259964276757, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1784021089155, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1784021151049, updateBy=18614031015, name=植物营养与肥料学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1283841353800991176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1784021231365, updateTime=1784021231365, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353775825349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1784021231359, updateTime=1784021231359, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353821962699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021231370, updateTime=1784021231370, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353742270916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=s07gs2gBRxOZN9fx6mitbQ==, createTime=1784021231351, updateTime=1784021231351, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353842934221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021231375, updateTime=1784021231375, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353796796871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1784021231364, updateTime=1784021231364, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353834545612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1784021231373, updateTime=1784021231373, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353788408262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1784021231362, updateTime=1784021231362, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353809379785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1784021231367, updateTime=1784021231367, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1283841353817768394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1283840757329019266, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1784021231369, updateTime=1784021231369, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=植物营养与肥料学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.plantnutrifert.org/, iacademicId=, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, journalPhotoCn=dCKGycqe7YDMEQsPpjb5Ow==, journalPhotoEn=bZxmSC22ew5fjJPt1rW7Sg==, journalFirstLetter=Z, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/10.11674/zwyf.2025238, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/10.11674/zwyf.2025238, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/PDF/10.11674/zwyf.2025238, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/EN/PDF/10.11674/zwyf.2025238, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1779638400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
宁夏青铜峡灌区县域尺度玉米田氮素投入及损失风险评价
收藏切换
PDF下载
罗健航 1 , 徐宇宙 2 , 刘晓彤 1 , 侯克峰 3 , 丁永峰 4 , 王翰霖 5 , 李志 6 , 马晓霞 7 , 赵营 1 , 马英 1 , 张学军 1, * , 张天鹏 8 , 雷秋良 8
植物营养与肥料学报 | 研究论文 2026,32(5): 1030-1042
收起
收藏切换
植物营养与肥料学报 |研究论文 2026 , 32 (5) : 1030 -1042
宁夏青铜峡灌区县域尺度玉米田氮素投入及损失风险评价
全屏
[Author(id=1284574853038583977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=172881602@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853139247275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853038583977, language=EN, stringName=Jian-hang LUO, firstName=Jian-hang, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853214744748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853038583977, language=CN, stringName=罗健航, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574853286047918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853348962480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853286047918, language=EN, stringName=Yu-zhou XU, firstName=Yu-zhou, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaaxi 712100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853411877041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853286047918, language=CN, stringName=徐宇宙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850819797139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850828185748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850819797139, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaaxi 712100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850836574357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850819797139, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100)])]), Author(id=1284574853478985907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853567066294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853478985907, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-tong LIU, firstName=Xiao-tong, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853629980855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853478985907, language=CN, stringName=刘晓彤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574853697089721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853789364411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853697089721, language=EN, stringName=Ke-feng HOU, firstName=Ke-feng, middleName=null, lastName=HOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3Qingtongxia Science and Technology Bureau, Wuzhong, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574853873250492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853697089721, language=CN, stringName=侯克峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏吴忠 751600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852459770006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852472352919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852459770006, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Qingtongxia Science and Technology Bureau, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852480741528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852459770006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏吴忠 751600)])]), Author(id=1284574853952942270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854028439744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853952942270, language=EN, stringName=Yong-feng DING, firstName=Yong-feng, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4Qingtongxia Agricultural Technology and Agricultural Mechanization Extension Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854087160001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574853952942270, language=CN, stringName=丁永峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4青铜峡市农业技术和农机化推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852564627609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852573016218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852564627609, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Qingtongxia Agricultural Technology and Agricultural Mechanization Extension Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852585599131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852564627609, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4青铜峡市农业技术和农机化推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751600)])]), Author(id=1284574854166851779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854250737861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854166851779, language=EN, stringName=Han-lin WANG, firstName=Han-lin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854317846726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854166851779, language=CN, stringName=王翰霖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852669485212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852677873821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852669485212, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852686262430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852669485212, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574854389149896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854473035978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854389149896, language=EN, stringName=Zhi LI, firstName=Zhi, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=6, address=6Shizuishan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Shizuishan, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854540144843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854389149896, language=CN, stringName=李志, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=6, address=6石嘴山市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山 753000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852744982687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=6, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852753371296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852744982687, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6Shizuishan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Shizuishan, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852761759905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852744982687, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6石嘴山市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山 753000)])]), Author(id=1284574854603059405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854712111311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854603059405, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-xia MA, firstName=Xiao-xia, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=7, address=7Wuzhong Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854770831568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854603059405, language=CN, stringName=马晓霞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=7, address=7吴忠市利通区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751100, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852824674466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=7, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852833063075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852824674466, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7Wuzhong Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852841451684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852824674466, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7吴忠市利通区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751100)])]), Author(id=1284574854863106258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574854959575252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854863106258, language=EN, stringName=Ying ZHAO, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574855035072725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574854863106258, language=CN, stringName=赵营, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574855135736023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574855236399321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574855135736023, language=EN, stringName=Ying MA, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574855290925274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574855135736023, language=CN, stringName=马英, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574856494690524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=10, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhxjun2002@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574856763125982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856494690524, language=EN, stringName=Xue-jun ZHANG, firstName=Xue-jun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574856838623455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856494690524, language=CN, stringName=张学军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574850719133840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850727522449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574850735911058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574850719133840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])]), Author(id=1284574856918315233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=11, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574856977035491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856918315233, language=EN, stringName=Tian-peng ZHANG, firstName=Tian-peng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574857052532964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574856918315233, language=CN, stringName=张天鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852942114981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=8, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852950503590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852954697895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1284574857115447526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, orderNo=12, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284574857182556392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574857115447526, language=EN, stringName=Qiu-liang LEI, firstName=Qiu-liang, middleName=null, lastName=LEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1284574857249665257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, authorId=1284574857115447526, language=CN, stringName=雷秋良, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=8, address=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284574852942114981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, xref=8, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852950503590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284574852954697895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840259964276757, articleId=1284574848785559679, companyId=1284574852942114981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081)])])]
罗健航1 , 徐宇宙2, 刘晓彤1, 侯克峰3, 丁永峰4, 王翰霖5, 李志6, 马晓霞7, 赵营1, 马英1, 张学军1, * , 张天鹏8, 雷秋良8
作者信息
  • 1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002
  • 2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 3青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏吴忠 751600
  • 4青铜峡市农业技术和农机化推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751600
  • 5银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川 750002
  • 6石嘴山市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山 753000
  • 7吴忠市利通区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751100
  • 8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
通讯作者:
* 张学军 E-mail:
作者简介:

罗建航 E-mail:

Assessment of nitrogen inputs and loss risks in maize fields at the county scale in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, Ningxia
Jian-hang LUO1 , Yu-zhou XU2, Xiao-tong LIU1, Ke-feng HOU3, Yong-feng DING4, Han-lin WANG5, Zhi LI6, Xiao-xia MA7, Ying ZHAO1, Ying MA1, Xue-jun ZHANG1, * , Tian-peng ZHANG8, Qiu-liang LEI8
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China
  • 2College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaaxi 712100, China
  • 3Qingtongxia Science and Technology Bureau, Wuzhong, Ningxia
  • 4Qingtongxia Agricultural Technology and Agricultural Mechanization Extension Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia
  • 5Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia
  • 6Shizuishan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Shizuishan, Ningxia
  • 7Wuzhong Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia
  • 8State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semiarid Arable Land in Northern China / Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Changping Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2025238
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

明确宁夏青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素流动与平衡特征、氮肥利用效率、氮素环境排放阈值(环境可承载的最大排放量),并制定相应防控体系。

方法

以宁夏青铜峡灌区玉米农田系统为研究对象,基于2018年和2023年的统计数据,运用Nufer (nutrient flows in food chain, environment and resources use)模型,评估玉米田氮素流动与平衡,并利用情景模拟明确该地氮肥减施潜力。

结果

2018—2023年期间,灌区玉米田氮素总输入量从4.78万t增加到6.50万t,增幅达35.83%,这主要源于种植面积扩大了1.71万hm2。环境排放总量从0.89万t (占输入量18.70%)升至1.21万t (占输入量18.55%),增幅34.69%,其中,氨挥发为主要途径(占环境排放总量的56.98%),其次为淋溶损失(占环境排放总量的26.54%)、径流与侵蚀损失(占环境排放总量的9.99%)。2023年灌区的氮肥利用率为42.92%,较2018年增加5.72个百分点。2018年金凤区氨挥发为阈值的208%,属于高风险区;2023年采用化肥减施后降至低风险;淋溶损失控制效果突出,2023年仅西夏区为低风险,其余县区均处于无风险水平。平衡施肥+新型肥料(S2)为最优方案,与单纯减氮(S1)相比,氮肥减施潜力提升5.19~8.42个百分点,利用率提高4.80~5.14个百分点;环境排放总量降低44.13%,各途径损失均低于阈值;与2023年基准(S0)方案相比,排放量减少52.50%,利用率提升12.45个百分点。

结论

通过平衡施肥配合施用新型肥料,并同时实施工程节水等措施,可将宁夏青铜峡灌区各种途径氮素环境排放降低至阈值以下,是实现区域农业绿色发展与氮素减排的重要技术路径。

Nufer模型  /  青铜峡灌区  /  玉米田系统  /  氮素平衡  /  氮素流失  /  损失风险评价
Objectives

To clarify the characteristics of nitrogen flux balance, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and nitrogen loss thresholds (maximum environmentally permissible emissions) in maize fields of the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, Ningxia, and to establish a corresponding management system.

Methods

From 2018 to 2023, total nitrogen input in maize fields across the irrigation district increased from 47800 t in 2018 to 65000 t in 2023, an increase of 35.83%, primarily due to a cropland expansion of 17100 hectares. Concurrently, environmental nitrogen emissions rose from 8900 t (18.70% of input) to 12100 t (18.55% of input), a 34.69% growth, with ammonia volatilization as the dominant pathway (accounting for 56.98% of total environmental emissions), followed by leaching (accounting for 26.54% of total environmental emissions) and runoff/erosion (accounting for 9.99% of total environmental emissions). The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in the irrigation district reached 42.92% in 2023, an increase of 5.72 percentage points compared with 2018. Notably, in Jinfeng District, ammonia volatilization risk decreased from 208% above the threshold (high risk in 2018) to low risk in 2023 through fertilizer reduction, while leaching risk was effectively controlled−by 2023, only Xixia District remained at low risk, and all other counties achieved risk-free status. Balanced fertilization combined with enhanced-efficiency fertilizers (S2) was identified as the optimal strategy. Compared with nitrogen reduction alone (S1), S2 increased nitrogen fertilizer reduction potential by 5.19−8.42 percentage points, improved use efficiency by 4.80−5.14 percentage points, reduced total environmental emissions by 44.13% (with all loss pathways below thresholds), and decreased environmental emissions by 52.50% while increasing nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency by 12.45 percentage points, compared with the 2023 baseline (S0).

Conclusions

Integrating balanced fertilization with enhanced efficiency fertilizers, together with water saving engineering measures, can reduce all forms of nitrogen emissions below environmental thresholds in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, representing a key technological pathway for achieving regional agricultural green development and nitrogen emission mitigation.

Nufer model  /  Qingtongxia irrigation district  /  maize field system  /  nitrogen balance  /  nitrogen loss  /  loss risk assessment
罗健航, 徐宇宙, 刘晓彤, 侯克峰, 丁永峰, 王翰霖, 李志, 马晓霞, 赵营, 马英, 张学军, 张天鹏, 雷秋良. 宁夏青铜峡灌区县域尺度玉米田氮素投入及损失风险评价. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2026 , 32 (5) : 1030 -1042 . DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2025238
Jian-hang LUO, Yu-zhou XU, Xiao-tong LIU, Ke-feng HOU, Yong-feng DING, Han-lin WANG, Zhi LI, Xiao-xia MA, Ying ZHAO, Ying MA, Xue-jun ZHANG, Tian-peng ZHANG, Qiu-liang LEI. Assessment of nitrogen inputs and loss risks in maize fields at the county scale in the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, Ningxia[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2026 , 32 (5) : 1030 -1042 . DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2025238
氮素是植物生长发育必需营养元素之一,参与植物多个代谢过程,对作物产量形成起着至关重要的作用[1]。为提高作物产量,自20世纪80年代起,我国氮肥施入量逐年增加,氮肥的大量使用不但降低了其利用效率,还造成温室气体排放、地下水硝酸盐污染、水体富营养化和土壤板结等一系列环境问题[24]。要改善这些问题,可根据国内外水质标准,确定氮素流失阈值,并制定相应防控体系。
金欣鹏等[5]根据国内外标准,参考de Vries等[6]的计算公式,将地下水硝态氮浓度阈值(11.5 mg/L)折算为单位耕地面积的氮素径流和淋溶损失量,确定的合理施氮量,可以在保证产量的同时,最大化氮肥利用率,降低氮素流失,防止污染环境[7]。罗付香等[8]在四川通过大田试验结合回归分析发现,兼顾玉米产量及环境效应的氮素投入阈值为186.7~393.6 kg/hm2;而在安徽,该阈值为157.5~262.5 kg/hm2,显示不同区域间存在显著差异。目前预防氮素流失常用的防控措施主要是减施氮肥[9]、有机无机肥配施[10]、缓释肥料[11]和节水灌溉[12]等多种技术手段,它们都可以减少氮素流失,提高氮肥利用效率。例如,Chen等[11]研究发现,与普通肥料相比,缓释肥料可使氨挥发、径流和淋失分别降低24.69%~29.54%,20.05%~25.37%和21.86%~38.05%;Xiao等[12]研究显示,与常规灌溉相比,节水灌溉可使氮淋失量降低62.00%~64.00%,氮肥利用效率提高5.00%~9.70%。此外,施肥量和施肥时间[13]、土壤类型和质地[14]、气候条件[2]和作物养分需求与吸收特性[15]等因素,均会影响氮素流失。因此,有必要在区域尺度上系统解析不同作物、土壤和气候条件下氮素流动和平衡特征,以此制定有针对性的氮素管理和防控措施,以降低氮素流失,提高氮肥利用效率。
Nufer (nutrient flows in food chain, environment and resources use)模型可用于定量计算农业系统中氮素流动、氮素利用效率及环境排放量,同时还可通过情景模拟预测不同管理措施下氮素流动变化特征[5, 16]。该模型已广泛用于评估农牧系统氮素流动平衡特征。黄少辉等[16]、余乐等[17]和王一莹等[18]利用Nufer模型在京津冀、江苏省和吉林省农安县尺度上,定量评估了农牧系统氮素流动特征,结果显示氮肥减施潜力在30%以上。众多研究结果表明,氮肥投入是玉米田氮素输入的主要来源,占比达75%~85%,传统施肥模式下氮肥利用效率仅35%~40%,氨挥发是主要的环境排放途径,占比40%~50%,其次为淋溶损失[16, 1920]。综上,不同地区在土壤条件、气候背景及管理方法上的差别,决定了氮素管理策略的区域适应性,亟需发展更加精准高效的施肥技术,以实现玉米生产的可持续发展。
宁夏青铜峡灌区总灌溉面积约550万亩(36.67万hm2),占宁夏引黄灌区总面积的一半以上,其中玉米田面积为323.5万亩(21.57万hm2),占灌区灌溉面积的58%。受氮肥不合理施用等因素的影响,该区域玉米田普遍存在氮肥利用效率低、地下水污染和大气环境风险加剧等问题[2122]。本研究以宁夏青铜峡灌区玉米田系统为研究对象,利用Nufer模型定量解析其氮素流动与平衡特征,并通过情景分析评估氮肥减施潜力及氮素损失风险,为该区域玉米田系统氮素流失防控和绿色发展提供科学依据。
青铜峡灌区是宁夏引黄灌区的重要农业核心区,以青铜峡市为中心,覆盖宁夏平原(银川平原)的南部地区,东依黄河,西靠贺兰山余脉,南北延伸至吴忠市和银川市部分地区,包括11个县区,灌区属于典型的温带大陆性气候,日照时间充足,昼夜温差大,年均降雨量177.8 mm,年蒸发量1946.1 mm,气候干燥,年均气温8℃~9℃,无霜期短,夏季多东北风,其他季节以西北风为主。灌区地形平坦,土地肥沃,是黄河冲积平原,主要土壤类型包括冲积土、灌於土和盐碱土。农业生产主要依靠黄河水进行灌溉,而黄河径流量季节分配不均,且含沙量高,汛期(6—10月)占全年径流量的60%以上,枯水期(11—5月)水量不足。
本研究所采用的2018和2023年相关统计数据均来源于宁夏回族自治区统计局,包括青铜峡灌区玉米田化肥投入量、玉米田面积及产量等。大气氮素干湿沉降量根据刘晓利[22]的研究结果,确定为30 kg/(hm2·a);玉米籽粒和秸秆含氮量均参考马林[19]的研究,籽粒秸秆含氮量分别为1.35%和0.83%;玉米秸秆谷草比参考牛新胜等[23]的研究,取值为1.252;化肥氮素不同途径损失系数根据相关研究结果[2, 2426]确定,损失系数分别为:NH3 11.41%,N2O 0.30%,N2 1.00%,淋失系数5.32%,径流和侵蚀系数2.00%。
本研究以青铜峡灌区“玉米农田”生产系统为研究边界,仅计算灌区内玉米农田中的氮素流动,Nufer模型边界的氮素输入为大气氮沉降和肥料氮素输入;输出为籽粒和秸秆带出氮、气体排放(NH3、N2O、N2等)、氮素径流和侵蚀、氮素淋溶和土壤氮素累积。其他氮素流动过程(如养殖业系统)不纳入本系统内。基于物质守恒原理,玉米田系统内氮素的输入量等于输出量。
玉米农田系统的氮素输入总量等于输入系统的化肥氮和大气沉降氮之和,而氮素输出总量由作物吸收带出、环境损失及土壤氮素累积共同构成。
玉米农田系统氮素输入量计算如下:
$ \mathrm{IN}_{ \mathrm{c}} = \mathrm{IN}_{ \mathrm{fer}} +\mathrm{IN}_{ \mathrm{dep}} $
$ \mathrm{IN}_{ \mathrm{dep}} = \mathrm{A}_{ \mathrm{cul}} \times \mathrm{ R}_{ \mathrm{dep}} $
式中,INc为玉米农田系统氮输入量;INfer为化肥氮投入量;INdep为氮干湿沉降量;Acul为玉米种植面积;Rdep为单位面积年氮干湿沉降量。
玉米农田系统氮素输出量计算如下:
$ \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{c}} = \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{grain}} +\mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{straw}} +\sum \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{i}} +\mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{soil}} $
$ \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{grain}} = \mathrm{PRO}_{ \mathrm{grain}} \times \mathrm{ N}_{ \mathrm{grain}} $
$ \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{straw}} = \mathrm{PRO}_{ \mathrm{grain}} \times \mathrm{ R}_{ \mathrm{straw/grain}} \times \mathrm{ N}_{ \mathrm{straw}} $
$ \mathrm{OUT}_{{i}} = \mathrm{IN}_{ \mathrm{fer}} \times \mathrm{ F}_{ \mathrm{fer,i}} $
$ \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{soil}} = \mathrm{IN}_{ \mathrm{c}} - \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{grain}} - \mathrm{OUT}_{ \mathrm{straw}} - \sum \mathrm{OUT}_{ {i}} $
式中,OUTc为玉米农田系统氮输出量;OUTgrain为籽粒吸收带出的氮量;OUTstraw为秸秆吸收带出的氮量;∑OUTi为不同形态氮环境损失量之和;OUTi为第i种途径氮损失量,包括氨挥发、硝酸盐淋溶、径流和侵蚀氮素损失、氧化亚氮排放等;OUTsoil为土壤氮累积量;PROgrain为籽粒产量;Ngrain为籽粒含氮量;Rstraw/grain为秸秆和籽粒产量比;Nstraw为秸秆含氮量;Ffer,i为化肥氮第i种途径氮排放因子;INc为玉米农田系统氮输入量;INfer为化肥氮投入量。
玉米农田系统氮肥利用效率(NUEc)计算公式:
$ \mathrm{NUEc=(OUT}_{ \mathrm{grain}} \mathrm{/IN}_{ \mathrm{c}})\times 100\text% $
氮肥减施潜力(NRP)计算公式:
$ {{\mathrm{NRP}}=(({\mathrm{IN}}_{{\mathrm{c}},{\mathrm{S0}}}-{\mathrm{IN}}_{{\mathrm{c}},{\mathrm{Si}}})/{\mathrm{IN}}_{{\mathrm{c}},{\mathrm{S0}}})\times 100\text% } $
式中, INc,S0为2023年玉米农田系统氮输入量;INc,Si为第i个情境(i=1~4)下的氮输入量。
氨挥发是农田氮肥损失的主要途径,当其超过一定阈值后会影响人类健康。因此,根据不同人口密度等级(0~500、500~1000、和>1000人/km2)来划分氨挥发阈值,具体数值根据张晓萌等[27]的研究结果,分别设定为31、27.5、24 kg/hm2
金欣鹏等[5]根据欧盟国家硝酸盐脆弱区划分规则、WHO饮用水标准和我国地下水环境标准,将水体硝态氮浓度11.5 mg/L定为养分损失脆弱区划定的阈值,并通过养分流动模型将该阈值转化为单位耕地面积农田的氮素径流和淋溶损失量。阈值定为径流氮为28.3 kg/hm2或淋溶氮为22.6 kg/hm2,大于上述阈值的区域划分为养分损失潜在脆弱区。
根据以上标准,通过计算不同年份、不同区域氮素实际损失量与阈值的比值进行风险分级,比值<1为无风险区,1~2为低风险区,2~3为高风险区。
为进一步探究青铜峡灌区氮肥流失风险,为不考虑氮盈余,计算理想状态下的氮肥减施潜力,设置以下情景:
基线情景(S0):玉米田系统当前2023年氮素流动特征。
化肥减施情景(S1):维持当前玉米田系统氮通量,通过减少化肥氮施用,使土壤氮素盈余量降为零。
新型肥料情景(S2):在S1基础上,通过施用新型肥料提高肥料利用效率,进一步减少化肥施用,同时使土壤氮素盈余量为零。
施肥方式情景(S3):在S1基础上,通过条施的方式将肥料施入土壤,进一步减少化肥施用,同时使土壤氮素盈余量为零。
灌溉方式情景(S4):在S1基础上,通过工程节水减少氮素淋溶损失,进一步减少化肥施用,同时保持土壤氮素盈余量为零。
具体计算方法为:在不同情境下根据对应技术措施调整相应参数,其他参数保持不变,使最终土壤氮素盈余为零,反推各情景下的理想氮肥施用量。不同情境下的技术效果如表1所示。
采用Microsoft Office 2019软件进行数据处理,利用ArcGIS 10.2和Origin Pro 2025进行绘图。
从时间上看,青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素资源总量和需求总量均随年份延后呈上升趋势。2023年灌区玉米田氮素资源总量为6.02万t,较2018年增加1.50万t (图1a,b),增幅为34.69%;2023年氮素需求总量为4.57万t,较2018年增加1.63万t (图1c,d),增幅为55.41%。
从空间上看,2018年青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素资源总量为4.47万t (图1a),排名前三的县区依次为平罗县(1.04万t)、利通区(0.79万t)和青铜峡市(0.60万t),分别占灌区氮素总资源量的23.21%、17.69%和13.51%。同年氮素需求量为2.94万t (图1c),排名前三的县区同为平罗县(0.74万t)、利通区(0.59万t)和青铜峡市(0.44万t),且各县区氮素需求量均小于对应的资源量。2023年青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素资源总量为6.02万t (图1b),排名前三的县区分别为平罗县(1.41万t)、青铜峡市(1.04万t)和利通区(0.89万t),分别占总资源量的23.39%、17.27%和14.77%。同期氮素需求量为4.57万t (图1d),排名前三的县区同为平罗县(1.11万t)、青铜峡市(0.85万t)和利通区(0.80万t),资源量和需求量相匹配且有盈余。综上,平罗县、利通区和青铜峡市是青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素资源与需求的主要集中区,其氮资源量占全区的55%左右,需求量占全区的60%左右。
从时间上看,2023年青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素输入(输出)量为6.50万t,较2018年的4.78万t增加1.71万t (图2a,b),增幅为35.83%。其中,兴庆区输入(输出)量增幅最大,为246.13%,贺兰县次之,为163.78%,其他县区增幅多在13%~36%。尽管部分县区相对增幅较高,但从绝对量变化看,青铜峡市的输入(输出)增加量最大,为0.47万t,平罗县次之,为0.41万t。在氮素输入中,肥料氮素投入占92.96%,大气氮沉降占7.04%;氮素(输出)量中,籽粒带出37.63%,秸秆带出28.97%,土壤氮素积累14.78%,气体排放11.81%,氮素淋溶4.94%,径流和侵蚀1.86% (图3)。
从空间上看,2018年青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素输入(输出)总量为4.78万t (图2a),其中平罗县、利通区和青铜峡市位列前三,贡献量分别为1.1万t (占比23.21%)、0.85万t (占比17.75%)和0.64万t (占比13.46%)。平罗县氮素投入量最高,是灌区内氮素输入 (输出) 的主要贡献区域。2023年青铜峡灌区氮素输入 (输出) 总量为6.50万t (图2b),其中平罗县、青铜峡市和利通区位列前三,贡献量分别为1.52万t (占比23.38%)、1.11万t (占比17.16%)和0.96万t (占比14.77%)。综上,平罗县、利通区和青铜峡市3个县区的氮素输入(输出)量占灌区氮素输入(输出)总量的55%左右。
图4所示,2018年各个县区玉米田环境排放的氮素总量为53.65~2076.39 t (图4a),到2023年增加至96.54~2819.41 t (图4b)。其中,两年间平罗县环境排放的氮素总量在11个县区中均属最大值,且2023年环境排放的氮素总量较2018年增加了34.69%。2018年环境排放的氮素总量最小的县区为兴庆区,而2023年变为金凤区;与2018年相比,2023年兴庆区环境排放的氮素总量增加了143%,而金凤区降低了36.81%。环境排放各途径中,最大的是氨挥发(NH3),两年的输出总量为30.57~1606.47 t,占环境排放总量的56.98%;其次是淋溶损失,两年输出总量为14.24~748.32 t,占环境排放总量的26.54%;再次是径流和侵蚀损失,两年输出总量为5.36~281.59 t,占环境排放总量的9.99%;而氮气(N2)和氧化亚氮(N2O)损失量分别占环境排放总量的4.99%和1.50%。
2018年和2023年所有县区氨挥发损失风险均较高,而径流和侵蚀损失风险均属无风险等级(图5)。2018年灌区氨挥发损失等级除金凤区为高风险区外(图5a),其余县区均属于低风险区,损失量为阈值的124%~208%;而氮素淋溶等级中,只有西夏区和青铜峡市贺兰县、金凤区和永宁县等5个县区属于低风险区(图5b),损失量是阈值的103%~113%,其余县区属于无风险区。2023年所有县区氨挥发损失等级属于低风险(图5d),损失量是阈值的112%~179%,其中西夏区、金凤区和贺兰县位列前三位;2023年除西夏区氮素淋溶等级属于低风险区外(图5e),其他10个县区都属于无风险区。
通过情景分析(表2)可知,与当前氮素流动状况(S0)相比,化肥减施(S1)下,各县区减少17.15~177.80 kg/hm2氮肥投入可以使土壤氮盈余降为零,氮肥减施潜力为4.71%~41.22%,其中贺兰县最大;同期氮肥利用效率提高2.36~21.45个百分点,以金凤区与贺兰县提升最高。由于利通区氮盈余为负数,故不纳入上述比较。施用新型肥料情景(S2)下,与S1相比,各县区氮肥减施潜力增加5.19~8.42个百分点,其中惠农区提升最高;氮肥利用效率提高4.80~5.14个百分点,以兴庆区提升最高。在优化施肥方式情景(S3)下,与S1相比,各县区氮肥减施潜力增加2.32~3.75个百分点,其中惠农区提升最高;氮肥利用效率提高2.03~2.17个百分点,以兴庆区和金凤区提升最高。采用工程节水情景(S4)下,与S1相比,各县区氮肥减施潜力增加1.52~2.46个百分点,其中惠农区提升最高;氮肥利用效率提高1.31~1.41个百分点,以兴庆区和金凤区提升最高;2023年S0情境下灌区的氮肥利用率为42.92%,较2018年增加5.72个百分点,较S2降低12.45个百分点。S2情境下,灌区的氮肥利用率和化肥减施潜力最大,分别为55.37%和27.17%。
不同情境下玉米田氮素环境排放量不同,其中S2情境下各个县区环境排放量均最小(图6)。S1情境下(图6a),灌区环境排放总量为10247.92 t,各县区环境排放总量为57.35~2491.00 t,其中平罗县氮素排放总量最大,占灌区排放总量的24.31%。S2情境下(图6b),灌区环境排放总量为5725.25 t,较S1降低了44.13%,较S0(2023年)降低了52.50%,各个县区环境排放总量为32.04~1391.66 t。S3情境下(图6c),灌区环境排放总量为8230.57 t,较S1降低了19.68%,各个县区环境排放总量为46.06~2000.64 t。S4情境下(图6d),灌区环境排放总量为8922.73 t,较S1降低了12.93%,各个县区环境排放总量为49.94~2168.88 t。NH3是氮素环境排放的主要途径,占总排放量的54.52%~63.75%,4个情境下NH3排放量在17.87~1419 t;其次是淋溶损失量,占环境排放总量的17.32%~31.74%,淋溶损失量为5.55~635.09 t;第三位是径流和侵蚀损失量,占环境排放总量的5.97%~16.30%,损失量为2.75~226.80 t。
在S1~S4情景下,所有县区的氮素淋溶等级均是无风险(图7),且S2情景下的氨挥发损失等级也为无风险(图7c)。S1情境下(图7a),利通区、青铜峡市、惠农区、平罗县、大武口区、金凤区和西夏区等7个县区氨挥发损失等级为低风险,损失量为阈值的105%~143%;在S3情境下(图7e),仅利通区和青铜峡市氨挥发损失等级为低风险,损失量分别是阈值的110%和109%,其余县区的氨挥发损失等级均为无风险;在S4情境下(图7g),利通区2023年灌区的氮肥利用率为42.92%,较2018年增加5.72%。其中,氨挥发是氮肥损失的主要途径,占环境排放总量的56.98%。7个县区仍为低风险区,损失量有所降低,为阈值的103%~139%,其余县区为无风险区。
虽然国家尺度上农田氮肥施用量近年来逐渐降低,但局部地区施肥过量与不足的问题应予以重视[29]。本研究中,与2018年相比,2023年青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素输入量与输出量均有大幅度提升(图2)。根据2023年宁夏统计年鉴,其提升的主要原因是,在化肥减量增效背景下,青铜峡灌区玉米田平均纯氮施用量由2018年的425.10 kg/hm2降低至2023年的376.77 kg/hm2,降幅为11.37%,但是灌区内的玉米总种植面积却由10.51万hm2增加至15.97万hm2,增加51.97%,为保证玉米产量稳定,氮肥施用总量随种植面积扩大而增加,使得灌区玉米总产量由1235.88 t增加至1920.63 t,增加55.41%。
然而,过量施用氮肥会导致氮肥利用效率降低、农业面源污染加剧和温室气体排放增加等一系列问题[34, 30]。为保护生态环境、提高化肥利用效率、实现农业绿色发展,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅制定了《到2020年宁夏农药化肥使用量零增长行动方案》,并取得了显著效果。宁夏2021年统计年鉴显示,截至2020年宁夏化肥使用量年增长率降至0.3%,肥料利用效率较2015年的35%提升至2020年的40.5%。
随着氮肥施入量的增加,氮素环境排放量也随之增加,与2018年相比,2023年灌区氮素总环境排放量增加了34.69%,其中平罗县排放量最高,紧接着是青铜峡市和利通区(图4),这与马思琪等[20]研究结果接近。主要原因与当地以种植业为主,氮肥投入量较高密切相关。在不同氮素环境排放途径中,氨挥发和淋溶均存在超出阈值的情况,其中氨挥发损失最为严重,2018年金凤区属于高风险区,排放量是阈值的208%,存在较大环境风险(图5)。2023年经氮肥减量后,金凤区氨挥发损失等级降为低风险;同时,氮素淋溶风险明显降低,由2018年西夏区、青铜峡市、贺兰县、金凤区和永宁县等5个低风险区,缩减为2023年仅西夏区1个低风险区。
众多研究表明,采用科学合理的养分管理措施,可以在节约施氮30%~40%的情况下,保持产量不下降,如采用土壤−作物综合管理[31]、养分专家系统[32]、测土配方施肥技术[33]等。我国普遍存在过量施肥,造成肥料利用效率低、土壤板结和水体富营养化等问题[3, 34]。为降低玉米田氮素投入,提高肥料利用效率,减少环境排放量,我们设置了4个情景进行模拟。结果显示,4个情境下都能有效降低氮素投入量,提高肥料利用效率,减少环境排放量,其中S2情境下灌区玉米田氮素优化效果最好。具体表现为各个县区氮素输入(197.80~354.10 kg/hm2)最少,氮肥减施潜力(6.06%~46.49%)和氮肥利用效率(54.35%~58.14%,表2)最高,并且环境排放量(32.04~1391.66 t,图6)最低,氨挥发及氮素淋溶损失均为无风险(图7),这与现有研究[16]结果一致。因此,对于氮素环境排放量较高的县区,应大力推广平衡施肥及新型肥料,同时结合肥料条施及工程节水等技术措施,将氮素环境排放降至无风险水平。
有机替代[35]、种养结合[27]和水肥一体化[36]等技术措施也是提高我国氮肥利用效率的重要措施。Yang等[37]的2年试验结果显示,30%有机肥替代化肥更有利于提高小麦产量和氮肥利用效率,同步实现环境安全。近年来,我国越来越重视种养结合模式,并针对性制定了《全国农业可持续发展规划(2015—2030年)》。王一莹等[18]利用NUFER模型,以“农田−畜牧”生产系统为边界研究发现,2020年农安县农牧系统整体氮磷损失较1990年分别减少41%和29%,未来10年氮磷肥减施潜力分别为80%和85%。有Meta分析[36]表明,水肥一体化和滴灌技术通过改变土壤的物理和化学性质提高养分利用效率(31.3%)、水分利用效率(34.5%)和作物产量(12.5%)。未来还可以通过推广智能化监测系统,结合卫星遥感、气象预测等技术手段,监测土壤、作物和气象状况,智能化决策玉米田水肥管理。
NUFER模型可清晰展示氮素在玉米田系统中的全链条流动,揭示各个环节的损失节点,并利用流动情景模型量化不同管理措施对养分利用效率和环境排放的影响,同时预测环境排放风险,根据结果作出决策,选择优化方案。例如,本研究中,2023年青铜峡灌区玉米田氮素利用效率为42.92%,氨挥发是氮素环境排放的主要形式,通过情景模拟发现,在化肥减量的同时配合新型肥料效果最好,可以使氮肥利用效率提高12.45%,且环境排放量降低一半。本研究只局限于玉米田系统的氮素流动情况,可为宁夏青铜峡灌区玉米田间管理提供针对性指导。
本研究所用参数大多为西北地区通用参数,针对宁夏青铜峡灌区的实际情况可能存在一定偏差。在情景分析中,仅考虑了氮肥减施、新型肥料、施肥方式和工程节水等情境下的减肥增效潜力,未来需要进一步深入探究其他措施及多种措施结合下的减肥增效潜力,优化防控策略。
1)宁夏青铜峡灌区玉米田的氮素输入量在2023年较2018年增加1.71万 t,主要是因为种植面积的增加。2023年灌区的氮肥利用率为42.92%,较2018年增加5.72%。其中,氨挥发是氮肥损失的主要途径,占环境排放总量的56.98%。2023年氨挥发及淋溶环境风险等级均有所降低。
2)在宁夏青铜峡灌区的4个情景模拟中,平衡施肥配合新型肥料情景(S2)最有利于提高氮肥利用效率和氮肥减施潜力,分别为55.37%和27.17%,环境排放量较2023年(S0)降低52.50%。为进一步确保环境安全,可结合工程节水等技术措施,以实现灌区各种形式的氮素环境排放达到零风险的目标。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
刘春雨, 杨智宇, 李丽丽, 等. 菌根真菌对植物氮素利用影响研究进展[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 348−353.
Liu C Y, Yang Z Y, Li L L, et al. Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant nitrogen utilization[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 348−353.
2
胡春胜, 张玉铭, 秦树平, 等. 华北平原农田生态系统氮素过程及其环境效应研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(10): 1501−1514.
Hu C S, Zhang Y M, Qin S P, et al. Nitrogen processes and related environmental effects on agro-ecosystem in the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(10): 1501−1514.
3
Liu L, Zheng X, Wei X, et al. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and organophosphorus pesticides induced total phosphorus loss from planting causing surface water eutrophication[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 23015.
4
Menegat S, Ledo A, Tirado R. Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 14490.
5
金欣鹏, 柏兆海, 马林. 基于养分损失脆弱区的氮磷淋溶分区消减策略[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(1): 217−229.
Jin X P, Bai Z H, Ma L. Regional nitrogen and phosphorus leaching mitigation strategies based on nutrient losses vulnerable zones in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(1): 217−229.
6
de Vries W, Kros J, Kroeze C, et al. Assessing planetary and regional nitrogen boundaries related to food security and adverse environmental impacts[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2013, 5(3): 392−402.
7
张君, 赵沛义, 潘志华, 等. 基于产量及环境友好的玉米氮肥投入阈值确定[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(12): 136−143.
Zhang J, Zhao P Y, Pan Z H, et al. Determination of input threshold of nitrogen fertilizer based on environment-friendly agriculture and maize yield[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(12): 136−143.
8
罗付香, 林超文, 涂仕华, 等. 紫色坡耕地玉米适产和环境友好的氮肥投入阈值[J]. 西南农业学报, 2015, 28(2): 625−631.
Luo F X, Lin C W, Tu S H, et al. Threshold of nitrogen inputs of yield and suitable environment of purple sloping corn[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 28(2): 625−631.
9
张英鹏, 李洪杰, 刘兆辉, 等. 农田减氮调控施肥对华北潮土区小麦−玉米轮作体系氮素损失的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1179−1187.
Zhang Y P, Li H J, Liu Z H, et al. Effect of reducing N and regulated fertilization on N loss from wheat-maize rotation system of farmland in Chao soil region of North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1179−1187.
10
Yang Q, Liu P, Dong S, et al. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers mitigates ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions in a maize field[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2020, 117(1): 13−27.
11
Chen L, Liu X, Hua Z, et al. Comparison of nitrogen loss weight in ammonia volatilization, runoff, and leaching between common and slow-release fertilizer in paddy field[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2021, 232(4): 132.
12
Xiao M, Li Y, Wang J, et al. Study on the law of nitrogen transfer and conversion and use of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation mode[J]. Water, 2019, 11(2): 218.
13
叶东靖, 高强, 何文天, 等. 施氮对春玉米氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(3): 552−558.
Ye D J, Gao Q, He W T, et al. Effect of N application on N utilization and N balance in spring maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2010, 16(3): 552−558.
14
袁磊, 陈欣, 吕丽萍, 等. 黑土春玉米田氮素的淋溶风险与阻控机制研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(1): 102−112.
Yuan L, Chen X, Lü L P, et al. Nitrogen leaching risks and control mechanisms of spring maize fields in black soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(1): 102−112.
15
Zou H, Li D, Ren K, et al. Response of maize yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency to nitrogen fertilizer application in field with various soil fertility[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2024, 15: 1349180.
16
黄少辉, 杨云马, 侯亮, 等. 基于Nufer模型的京津冀农牧系统氮素平衡状况及化学氮肥减施潜力分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 12−23.
Huang S H, Yang Y M, Hou L, et al. Nitrogen balance and potential reduction of nitrogen fertilizer input in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei crop-livestock system based on Nufer model[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 12−23.
17
余乐, 焦阳湄, 丁尚, 等. 江苏省农牧系统氮素流动特征及环境效应评价[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(10): 1658−1667.
Yu L, Jiao Y M, Ding S, et al. Characteristics and environmental effects of nitrogen flows in the crop-livestock system of Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(10): 1658−1667.
18
王一莹, 张畅, 袁静超, 等. 东北黑土区典型县域农牧系统养分流动特征分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2024, 32(10): 1609−1625.
Wang Y Y, Zhang C, Yuan J C, et al. Nutrient flow characteristics analysis of typical county in crop-livestock systems in black soil region in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(10): 1609−1625.
19
马林. 中国食物链氮素流动规律及调控策略[D]. 河北保定: 河北农业大学博士学位论文, 2010.
Ma L. Mechanism and regulatory strategies of nitrogen flow in food Chain of China[D]. Baoding, Hebei: PhD Dissertation of Hebei Agricultural University, 2010.
20
马思琪, 李浩, 刘晓彤, 等. 宁夏回族自治区农田—畜牧系统氮素流动与平衡时空变化特征[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2024, 45(11): 217−228.
Ma S Q, Li H, Liu X T, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of nitrogen flow and balance in crop-livestock production system in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2024, 45(11): 217−228.
21
罗健航, 王海廷, 赵营, 等. 不同水氮措施对农田氮素流失和动态变化规律[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(12): 2205−2212.
Luo J H, Wang H T, Zhao Y, et al. Preliminary study on nitrogen loss and dynamic change of farmland under different water and nitrogen measures[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(12): 2205−2212.
22
刘晓利. 我国“农田−畜牧−营养−环境”体系氮素养分循环与平衡[D]. 河北保定: 河北农业大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
Liu X L. Nitrogen cycling and balance in “agriculture-livestock-nutrition-environment” system of China[D]. Baoding, Hebei: MS Thesis of Hebei Agricultural University, 2005.
23
牛新胜, 巨晓棠. 我国有机肥料资源及利用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1462−1479.
Niu X S, Ju X T. Organic fertilizer resources and utilization in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1462−1479.
24
王秀斌, 梁国庆, 周卫, 等. 优化施肥下华北冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系农田反硝化损失与N2O排放特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(1): 48−54.
Wang X B, Liang G Q, Zhou W, et al. Effect of optimized nitrogen application on denitrification losses and N2O emissions from soil in winter wheat/summer corn rotation system in North China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers., 2009, 15(1): 48−54.
25
张学军, 王海廷, 赵营, 等. 不同水肥调控对宁夏优势特色作物氮淋失及产量的影响[J]. 宁夏农林科技, 2020, 61(7): 6−11.
Zhang X J, Wang H T, Zhao Y, et al. Effect of different water and fertilizer regulation on nitrogen leaching loss and yield of dominant and characteristic crops in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2020, 61(7): 6−11.
26
徐芳蕾, 张杰, 李阳, 等. 施肥方式对黄土高原旱作春玉米农田土壤氨挥发的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(12): 2360−2371.
Xu F L, Zhang J, Li Y, et al. Effects of fertilization methods on ammonia volatilization of spring maize in dry farming on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2360−2371.
27
张晓萌, 马文奇, 樊相文, 等. 县域尺度种养模式绿色转型的氮素优化管理途径—以唐县为例[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2025, 33(2): 338−349.
Zhang X M, Ma W Q, Fan X W, et al. Optimal nitrogen management approach for green transformation of crop-livestock mode at county level: A case study of Tangxian County[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2025, 33(2): 338−349.
28
张福锁, 崔振岭, 陈新平, 等. 最佳养分管理技术列单[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2010.
Zhang F S, Cui Z L, Chen X P, et al. Best nutrient management practices (BMPs) list[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2010.
29
杨世琦. 基于国家粮食安全下的农业面源污染综合防治体系思考[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(17): 3380−3394.
Yang S Q. Thought of pollution comprehensive prevention and control system of non-point sources based on national food security[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3380−3394.
30
Kim S, Dale B E. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions and economics of corn production[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(16): 6028−6033.
31
He W, Jiang R, He P, et al. Estimating soil nitrogen balance at regional scale in China’s croplands from 1984 to 2014[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2018, 167: 125−135.
32
Zhang J J, He P, Xu X P, et al. Nutrient expert improves nitrogen efficiency and environmental benefits for winter wheat in China[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2018, 110(2): 696−706.
33
张卫红, 李玉娥, 秦晓波, 等. 应用生命周期法评价我国测土配方施肥项目减排效果[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(7): 1422−1428.
Zhang W H, Li Y E, Qin X B, et al. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emission reduction by balanced fertilization in China using life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(7): 1422−1428.
34
Mustafa G, Hayat N, Alotaibi B A. How and why to prevent over fertilization to get sustainable crop production[M]. Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Academic Press, 2023.
35
Shi X, Hao X, Shi F, et al. Improving cotton productivity and nutrient use efficiency by partially replacing chemical fertilizers with organic liquid fertilizer under mulched drip irrigation[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 216: 118731.
36
Yang X, Zhang L, Liu X. Optimizing water-fertilizer integration with drip irrigation management to improve crop yield, water, and nitrogen use efficiency: A meta-analysis study[J]. Scientia Horticulturae., 2024, 338: 113653.
37
Yang Y J, Lei T, Du W, et al. Substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic manure and comparing their nitrogen use efficiency and winter wheat yield[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2020, 158(4): 262−268.
2026年第32卷第5期
PDF下载
96
44
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2025238
  • 接收时间:2025-06-02
  • 首发时间:2026-07-16
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-02
  • 录用日期:2025-10-04
基金
作者信息
    1宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川 750002
    2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100
    3青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏吴忠 751600
    4青铜峡市农业技术和农机化推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751600
    5银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川 750002
    6石嘴山市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏石嘴山 753000
    7吴忠市利通区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751100
    8农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 / 北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站 / 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081

通讯作者:

* 张学军 E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwyyyflxb/CN/10.11674/zwyf.2025238
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏