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Article(id=1312006271939740520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, issueId=1312006144101540779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1777219200000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790736271127, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1784131200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790736271127, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790736271127, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790736271127, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312006144101540779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, year='2026', volume='27', issue='7', pageStart='1311', pageEnd='1484', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784131200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790736240648, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739525097, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019920167203355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, issueId=1312006144101540779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019920167203356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, issueId=1312006144101540779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1436, endPage=1443, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312006273520993129, articleId=1312006271939740520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, language=EN, title=Newly Discovery and Taxonomic Status Researchof Coix gigantea from Xizang， China, columnId=1312006179899924628, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to clarify the taxonomic status of two special coix germplasm discovered in Xizang of China， their agronomic and taxonomic identification were conducted and the botanical characteristics of the new species were described and illustrated. These twogermplasms were similar to Coix aquatica， but Coix gigantea had plants erect shape； long lanceolate leaves broaden in middle part that looking like hearts， meanwhile the upper and lower layers were coarse and grows glandular hairs in leaf upper surface. Staminate inflorescences is long and thin that generating fertile pollen， enamel involucre or fruit case is pyriform or fusiform in shape， and these typical characteristics were distinguished from those of Coix aquatica. It was estimated by flow cytometry that the genome size of two Coix gigantea were 1578.85 Mb and 1807.92 Mb， whose genomes were diploid type of 2n=2x=20. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Coix gigantea and Coix aquatica were divided into independent branches in the phylogenetic tree， exhibiting independent genetic lineages. Therefore， Coix gigantea in tegrated evidence from plant morphology， chromosome ploidy and molecular phylogeny all supports that is a newly recorded independent species of the genus in China.

, authors=Xiangdong LI1, 2, Chao GUO2, Chuanqi ZHENG1, Xiujuan LU1, Ainong GAO3, Minxuan LIU3, authorsList=Xiangdong LI, Chao GUO, Chuanqi ZHENG, Xiujuan LU, Ainong GAO, Minxuan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ainong GAO, Minxuan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312006275211297652, articleId=1312006271939740520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, language=CN, title=中国西藏大翅薏苡种的发现及分类学地位研究, columnId=1312006180101251222, journalTitle=植物遗传资源学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明确发现于中国西藏的2份特殊薏苡的分类学地位，对其进行农艺学和分类学鉴定，并对新种的植物学特征进行了描述。这2份特殊薏苡资源的表型近似于水生薏苡（Coix aquatica），但大翅薏苡种株型直立；叶片中间渐宽，近心形，上下表面均粗糙，上表面具长腺毛；雄花序较为细长，能产生可育花粉；珐琅质总苞梨形或长纺锤形，这些典型特征与水生薏苡不同。利用流式细胞术检测这2份大翅薏苡基因组大小分别为1578.85 Mb和1807.92 Mb，推测其染色体倍性均为2n=2x=20类型的二倍体。系统发育分析表明大翅薏苡和水生薏苡在系统发育树均为独立分枝，表现为相对独立的遗传谱系。因此，无论在植物形态学、染色倍性及分子系统发育均支持大翅薏苡为中国薏苡属独立的新纪录种。

, authors=李祥栋1, 2, 郭超2, 郑传奇1, 陆秀娟1, 高爱农3, 刘敏轩3, authorsList=李祥栋, 郭超, 郑传奇, 陆秀娟, 高爱农, 刘敏轩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高爱农, 刘敏轩, authorNote=

研究方向为植物生理与分子调控， E-mail：

, correspAuthorsNote=
高爱农， 研究方向为作物种质资源调查收集， E-mail：
刘敏轩， 研究方向为特色农作物优异种质资源发掘与创新利用， E-mail：
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研究方向为植物生理与分子调控， E-mail：

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研究方向为植物生理与分子调控， E-mail：

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Seed， 1996 （1）：54, articleTitle=The first discovery of Coix aquatic species in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006284912722899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=1996, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=30, authorNames=陆平, 左志明, journalName=广西农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆平，左志明. 广西水生薏苡种的发现与鉴定. 广西农业科学， 1996 （1）：18-20, articleTitle=广西水生薏苡种的发现与鉴定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006285004997588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=1996, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=31, authorNames=Lu P, Zuo Z M, journalName=Journal of Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu P， Zuo Z M. Discovery and identification of Coix aquatic species in Guangxi. Journal of Guangxi Agricultural Sciences， 1996 （1）：18-20, articleTitle=Discovery and identification of Coix aquatic species in Guangxi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006285105660885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=46, issue=6, pageStart=724, pageEnd=729, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Han Y H, Li D, Li Y C, Xue Y G, Hu Z L, Song Y C, journalName=Acta Botanica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han Y H， Li D， Li Y C， Xue Y G， Hu Z L， Song Y C. Cytogenetic identification of a new hexaploid Coix aquatica cyto-type. Acta Botanica Sinica， 2004， 46（6）： 724-729, articleTitle=Cytogenetic identification of a new hexaploid Coix aquatica cyto-type, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006286762410966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=1025, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Cai Z, Liu H, He Q, Pu M, Lai J, Li X, Jin W, journalName=BMC Genomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cai Z， Liu H， He Q， Pu M， Lai J， Li X， Jin W. Differential genome evolution and speciation of Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Coix aquatica Roxb. hybrid guangxi revealed by repetitive sequence analysis and fine karyotyping. BMC Genomics， 2014， 15： 1025, articleTitle=Differential genome evolution and speciation of Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Coix aquatica Roxb. hybrid guangxi revealed by repetitive sequence analysis and fine karyotyping, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1312006275471344501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312006275479733110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, companyId=1312006275471344501, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Southwest Guizhou Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences， Xingyi 562400， Guizhou), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312006275492316023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, companyId=1312006275471344501, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1黔西南州农业林业科学研究院， 贵州兴义 562400)]), AuthorCompany(id=1312006275572007800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312006275580396409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, companyId=1312006275572007800, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University， Chengdu 600031), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312006275588785018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, companyId=1312006275572007800, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川农业大学玉米研究所， 成都 600031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1312006275668476795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312006275676865404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, companyId=1312006275668476795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Institute of Crop Sciences， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312006275685254013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, companyId=1312006275668476795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3中国农业科学院作物科学研究所， 北京 100081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1312006279502070693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ploidy analysis of twocoix germplasm, figureFileSmall=MbF17Erk5kz0makz6rC1vQ==, figureFileBig=qsYlM/vaBuJmRjK7No3boA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006279569179558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2份薏苡种质的倍性分析

A：亨氏1706；B：巴日薏苡；C：玛迪薏苡

, figureFileSmall=MbF17Erk5kz0makz6rC1vQ==, figureFileBig=qsYlM/vaBuJmRjK7No3boA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006279749534631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Coix aquatica Roxb. morphological feature of Shangning, figureFileSmall=xZRRhJj7sL6XYqb8rU8FiQ==, figureFileBig=jBqtrmgsFkjH5I6ohDWdYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006279820837800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=CN, label=图2, caption=尚宁水生薏苡的形态学特征

A： 整株形态； B： 花序； ♀： 雌花序； ♂： 雄花序；下同； C： 总苞； D： 叶片； E： 叶片上表面； 红色三角形指向为腺毛；下同； F： 叶片下表面； G： 叶鞘表面

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A： 整株形态； B： 花序； C： 总苞； D： 叶片； E： 叶片上表面； F： 叶片下表面； G： 叶鞘表面

, figureFileSmall=VcaOW3L86Bh2g6P8eLPFMA==, figureFileBig=MRJxnWScqJ4VRqjDTCdpTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006280085078955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Morphological feature of MDYY, figureFileSmall=QJjnHnorxYAru6uftgfvAw==, figureFileBig=dZleYrcYflwpB1p4DXsQ+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006280152187820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=CN, label=图4, caption=玛迪薏苡的形态学特征

A： 整株形态； B： 花序； C： 总苞； D： 叶片； E： 叶片上表面； F： 叶片下表面； G： 叶鞘表面

, figureFileSmall=QJjnHnorxYAru6uftgfvAw==, figureFileBig=dZleYrcYflwpB1p4DXsQ+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006280231879597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Phylogenetic tree of coix species base on nuclear genome sequences, figureFileSmall=k39LxClZKcBadk78CA6gXw==, figureFileBig=z8keM2EjyBR9+P0X9SOIhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006280298988462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于核基因组序列的薏苡种间系统发育树

资源编号同附表1

, figureFileSmall=k39LxClZKcBadk78CA6gXw==, figureFileBig=z8keM2EjyBR9+P0X9SOIhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006280370291631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Agronomic characteristics of tested materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

名称

Name

株高（cm）

Plant height

着粒层长度（cm）

Granulation layer length

主茎粗（mm）

Stem diamete

分蘖数

Tiller number

主茎节数

Main stem nods

分枝节位

Branching node

巴日薏苡 BRYY188.3181.012.212.2122
玛迪薏苡 MDYY178.0172.312.411.8122
), ArticleFig(id=1312006280433206192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试材料主要农艺学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

名称

Name

株高（cm）

Plant height

着粒层长度（cm）

Granulation layer length

主茎粗（mm）

Stem diamete

分蘖数

Tiller number

主茎节数

Main stem nods

分枝节位

Branching node

巴日薏苡 BRYY188.3181.012.212.2122
玛迪薏苡 MDYY178.0172.312.411.8122
), ArticleFig(id=1312006280521286577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Result of flow cytometry determination in coix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

名称

Name

荧光峰值

Fluorescence peak

核内DNA总量（Mb）

Total DNA in nucleus

基因组大小（Mb）

Genome size

倍性

Ploidy

亨氏1706 Heinz 17062316.941654.80827.40二倍体
巴日薏苡 BRYY4421.203157.701578.85二倍体
玛迪薏苡 MDYY5062.663615.841807.92二倍体
), ArticleFig(id=1312006280605172658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

薏苡种质的流式细胞术检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

名称

Name

荧光峰值

Fluorescence peak

核内DNA总量（Mb）

Total DNA in nucleus

基因组大小（Mb）

Genome size

倍性

Ploidy

亨氏1706 Heinz 17062316.941654.80827.40二倍体
巴日薏苡 BRYY4421.203157.701578.85二倍体
玛迪薏苡 MDYY5062.663615.841807.92二倍体
), ArticleFig(id=1312006280689058739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Morphological compare of taxonomic characters

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项目Item大翅薏苡Coix gigantea水生薏苡Coix aquatica
生长习性 Growth habit株型直立株型匍匐，下部横卧，并于节处生根
叶片 Leaf中部渐宽，近心形；上下表面粗糙，上表面具较长的腺毛线状披针形，上下表面粗糙，上表面具较长的腺毛
雌花序 Female inflorescence长10.8~14.6 mm，宽4.9~6.7 mm长10.0~14.0 mm，宽约7.0 mm
雄花序 Male inflorescence较细长，长2.5~3.0 cm较粗大，长约2.2~4.5 cm
总苞形状 Involucre shape珐琅质，梨形或长纺锤形珐琅质，卵圆形或椭圆形
倍性 Ploidy2n=2x=202n=3x=30或2n=4x=40
育性 Fertility可育多数不育，仅少数可育
), ArticleFig(id=1312006282316448692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006271939740520, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

植物分类学特征比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item大翅薏苡Coix gigantea水生薏苡Coix aquatica
生长习性 Growth habit株型直立株型匍匐，下部横卧，并于节处生根
叶片 Leaf中部渐宽，近心形；上下表面粗糙，上表面具较长的腺毛线状披针形，上下表面粗糙，上表面具较长的腺毛
雌花序 Female inflorescence长10.8~14.6 mm，宽4.9~6.7 mm长10.0~14.0 mm，宽约7.0 mm
雄花序 Male inflorescence较细长，长2.5~3.0 cm较粗大，长约2.2~4.5 cm
总苞形状 Involucre shape珐琅质，梨形或长纺锤形珐琅质，卵圆形或椭圆形
倍性 Ploidy2n=2x=202n=3x=30或2n=4x=40
育性 Fertility可育多数不育，仅少数可育
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中国西藏大翅薏苡种的发现及分类学地位研究
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李祥栋 1, 2 , 郭超 2 , 郑传奇 1 , 陆秀娟 1 , 高爱农 3 , 刘敏轩 3
植物遗传资源学报 | 论文 2026,27(7): 1436-1443
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植物遗传资源学报 |论文 2026 , 27 (7) : 1436 -1443
中国西藏大翅薏苡种的发现及分类学地位研究
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李祥栋1, 2 , 郭超2, 郑传奇1, 陆秀娟1, 高爱农3 , 刘敏轩3
作者信息
  • 1黔西南州农业林业科学研究院， 贵州兴义 562400
  • 2四川农业大学玉米研究所， 成都 600031
  • 3中国农业科学院作物科学研究所， 北京 100081
通讯作者:
高爱农， 研究方向为作物种质资源调查收集， E-mail：
刘敏轩， 研究方向为特色农作物优异种质资源发掘与创新利用， E-mail：
作者简介:

研究方向为植物生理与分子调控， E-mail：

Newly Discovery and Taxonomic Status Researchof Coix gigantea from Xizang， China
Xiangdong LI1, 2 , Chao GUO2, Chuanqi ZHENG1, Xiujuan LU1, Ainong GAO3 , Minxuan LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1Southwest Guizhou Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences， Xingyi 562400， Guizhou
  • 2Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University， Chengdu 600031
  • 3Institute of Crop Sciences， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081
出版时间: 2026-07-16 doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427001
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摘要
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为明确发现于中国西藏的2份特殊薏苡的分类学地位，对其进行农艺学和分类学鉴定，并对新种的植物学特征进行了描述。这2份特殊薏苡资源的表型近似于水生薏苡（Coix aquatica），但大翅薏苡种株型直立；叶片中间渐宽，近心形，上下表面均粗糙，上表面具长腺毛；雄花序较为细长，能产生可育花粉；珐琅质总苞梨形或长纺锤形，这些典型特征与水生薏苡不同。利用流式细胞术检测这2份大翅薏苡基因组大小分别为1578.85 Mb和1807.92 Mb，推测其染色体倍性均为2n=2x=20类型的二倍体。系统发育分析表明大翅薏苡和水生薏苡在系统发育树均为独立分枝，表现为相对独立的遗传谱系。因此，无论在植物形态学、染色倍性及分子系统发育均支持大翅薏苡为中国薏苡属独立的新纪录种。

大翅薏苡  /  新种  /  分类学  /  薏苡属

In order to clarify the taxonomic status of two special coix germplasm discovered in Xizang of China， their agronomic and taxonomic identification were conducted and the botanical characteristics of the new species were described and illustrated. These twogermplasms were similar to Coix aquatica， but Coix gigantea had plants erect shape； long lanceolate leaves broaden in middle part that looking like hearts， meanwhile the upper and lower layers were coarse and grows glandular hairs in leaf upper surface. Staminate inflorescences is long and thin that generating fertile pollen， enamel involucre or fruit case is pyriform or fusiform in shape， and these typical characteristics were distinguished from those of Coix aquatica. It was estimated by flow cytometry that the genome size of two Coix gigantea were 1578.85 Mb and 1807.92 Mb， whose genomes were diploid type of 2n=2x=20. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Coix gigantea and Coix aquatica were divided into independent branches in the phylogenetic tree， exhibiting independent genetic lineages. Therefore， Coix gigantea in tegrated evidence from plant morphology， chromosome ploidy and molecular phylogeny all supports that is a newly recorded independent species of the genus in China.

Coix gigantean  /  new species  /  taxonomy  /  Coix L.
李祥栋, 郭超, 郑传奇, 陆秀娟, 高爱农, 刘敏轩. 中国西藏大翅薏苡种的发现及分类学地位研究. 植物遗传资源学报, 2026 , 27 (7) : 1436 -1443 . DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427001
Xiangdong LI, Chao GUO, Chuanqi ZHENG, Xiujuan LU, Ainong GAO, Minxuan LIU. Newly Discovery and Taxonomic Status Researchof Coix gigantea from Xizang， China[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2026 , 27 (7) : 1436 -1443 . DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427001
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薏苡是禾本科薏苡属（Coix L.）一年生或多年生草本植物的泛称，也是最古老的药食同源作物之一。薏苡属是禾本科黍亚科下的一个植物分类学属，与多裔草属、摩擦禾属和玉蜀黍属互为近缘属。中国薏苡属的分类历经1种1变种［1-2］、3种4变种［3］、4种8变种［4］、4种9变种［5］、5种2变种［6］和2种4变种［7］的演变和发展，至今尚未完全统一。目前，以1997版的《中国植物志》［6］中的5种2变种分类系统最为常用，该分类系统共包含7个种（变种）：水生薏苡（Coix aquatica Roxb.）、小珠薏苡（Coix puellarum Balansa）、薏米（Coix chinensis var. chinesis Tod.）、台湾薏苡［Coix chinensis var. formosana（Ohwi）L.］、薏苡（Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi）、念珠薏苡（Coix lacryma-jobi var. maxima Makino）和窄果薏苡（Coix stenocarpa Balansa），其中只有薏米和台湾薏苡为栽培类群，其籽粒脱壳之后的产品称之为薏米或薏仁米，可入馔、入药和酿酒；其余的5个种（变种）均为野生类群。大翅薏苡（Coix gigantea）最早报道于印度的分类学系统，1904年Watt［8］首次提出Coix gigantea var. aquatica，将水生薏苡描述为大翅薏苡的变种；1960年，Bor［9］从生境角度发现大翅薏苡往往出现在湿热的山谷，但也会入侵至水稻田，在形态上描述为叶片上表面无腺毛（表皮毛）、总苞无喙。1955年，Nirodi［10］将大翅薏苡与水生薏苡归为一类，描述为水生薏苡种下的一个变种，染色体倍性2n=40。1989年出版的《Flora of India》［11］将印度的薏苡属划分为4种4变种，大翅薏苡与水生薏苡则为相互独立的种，印度学者Hore等［12］则在资源描述中沿用了这一分类系统。Rao等［13］则将薏苡属划分为10个分类学种，其中大翅薏苡与水生薏苡均为相互独立的分类学种。国际上的世界维管植物名录则将大翅薏苡作为水生薏苡同名物种处理，取消其正式物种命名［14］；由于中国没有该物种的报道，因此中国的薏苡属分类系统中也基本沿袭了这一理念，将其作为无效的分类学种来处理。综上所述，无论是国内还是国际上对于薏苡属的植物分类学并未完全统一，大翅薏苡和水生薏苡的分类学地位则反复变动，相互混淆，缺少明确的物种界定。在生产上，薏苡通常作为小宗的特色作物生产种植，仅有为数不多的栽培品种用于农业生产，加之薏苡属的种质资源（特别是野生资源）的收集考察工作尚不充分，部分特色物种很少被发现，这也可能是造成薏苡分类学往复变动的因素。本研究在长期开展薏苡种质资源考察和收集的基础上，对发现于中国西藏的2份特殊薏苡资源进行表型、系统进化和分类学鉴定，确认其为中国薏苡属的一个新纪录分类学种，并恢复其分类学地位。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　试验材料
供试材料为2023年采集于中国西藏自治区林芝市墨脱县墨脱镇巴日村和玛迪村的2份极为特殊的薏苡种质资源，分别根据采集地点命名为巴日薏苡和玛迪薏苡；近似物种为三倍体水生薏苡，采集于广西壮族自治区来宾市忻城县城关镇尚宁村，命名为尚宁水生薏苡。
1.2　农艺学与分类学性状鉴定
大田试验于2024-2025年种植季，在贵州省兴义市木贾试验基地进行。参照1997版《中国植物志》［6］对2份薏苡的生长习性、叶鞘、叶片大小形状及其表面附属物、雌雄花序的形态结构和总苞性状（质地、大小、形状）等主要分类学特征进行观察和测量；参照《薏苡种质资源描述规范和数据标准》［15］对其主要农艺性状，包括株高、着粒层长度、主茎粗、分蘖数、主茎节数、分枝节位进行测量。
1.3　基因组大小与倍性测定
取新鲜待测叶片样本0.2 g，置于培养皿中，取细胞核裂解液500 μL加于样本周围，用刀片将其切碎，充分提取出完整的细胞核，提取时间为60 s，将培养皿中的液体用50 μm滤网过滤至样品管中，向样品管中加入包含RNA酶的荧光染液碘化丙啶2000 μL，避光染色15 min。以二倍体番茄亨氏1706（Heinz 1706）（基因组大小827.40 Mb）为参考基因组（https：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/GCF_000188115.5/），采用CyFlow Cube6流式细胞仪，通过488 nm蓝光激发，610 nm下检测荧光强度，进行核内总DNA含量测定和基因组大小估算，根据已发表的薏苡品种北京薏苡［16］和大黑山薏苡［17］基因组大小推断待测样本的染色体倍性。待测基因组DNA含量计算公式如下。
待测基因组大小=参考基因组大小×待测物种荧光强度参考基因组荧光强度
1.4　DNA提取、基因组测序与系统发育分析
选取田间种植的薏苡属7个代表性种（变种）样品，共17份资源，其中水生薏苡2份、大翅薏苡2份、小珠薏苡4份、薏米2份、台湾薏苡2份、薏苡1份、念珠薏苡3份和窄果薏苡1份（详见https：//doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr. 20260427001，附表1）。取幼嫩叶片0.5 g，利用CTAB法提取总DNA，用1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的完整性，用紫外分光光度法检测DNA浓度。检测合格的DNA样品通过Covaris破碎机随机打断成长度为500 bp的片段，经末端修复、加ployA尾、加测序接头、纯化、PCR扩增等步骤完成整个文库制备；构建好的文库通过使用MGI高通量测序平台进行测序，每份样品数据量为16 Gb。然后对原始下机数据进行质控得到Clean data，以已发表的薏苡品种大黑山基因组［17］为参考进行比对，得到高质量的群体SNP变异数据集；使用VCF2Dis （v1.55）软件，基于高质量SNP构建系统发育树，建树方法为邻接法（NJ，neighbor-joining），Bootstrap重复次数100次，然后利用MEGA 11进行可视化。
2　结果与分析
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2.1　主要农艺学特征
巴日薏苡资源的株高、着粒层长度和主茎粗分别为188.3 cm、181.0 cm、12.2 mm，平均分蘖数12.2个；玛迪薏苡资源的株高、着粒层长度和主茎粗分别为178.0 cm、172.3 cm、12.4 mm，平均分蘖数11.8个。而且2份薏苡种质的主茎节数均为12节，分枝节位均为第2节，表现出较为相似的主要农艺学特征（表1）。
2.2　倍性与基因组大小评估
目前已有2个二倍体薏苡基因组公开发表，其中北京薏苡基因组大小约1730 Mb［16］、大黑山薏苡基因组大小为1619 Mb［17］。根据流式细胞术检测发现，2份大翅薏苡的基因组大小分别为1578.85 Mb和1807.92 Mb（表2，图1），与已发表的二倍体薏苡基因组大小相近，推测其染色体倍性均为2n=2x=20类型的二倍体。
2.3　植物分类学鉴定
由于2份薏苡种质在形态上与水生薏苡较为相似，通过大田种植观察和标本制作（详见https：//doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr. 20260427001，附图1），并反复比对三倍体尚宁水生薏苡在田间栽培条件下的植物学特征（图2），发现2份薏苡在生长习性、雌雄花序、总苞形状和大小、倍性、育性方面与水生薏苡显著不同，表现为株型直立，叶片近心形、上表面具腺毛，雄花序细长，总苞梨形或长纺锤形，可正常结实，育性良好（图3、4，表3），其野外生境与水生薏苡基本不重叠，自然状态下存在广泛的生殖隔离，建议其独立成种，恢复其大翅薏苡的植物分类学地位。
2.4　系统发育地位
17份样品序列中共筛选得到18403750个高质量SNP变异位点，通过对薏苡属的7个分类学种（变种）的代表性样品进行系统聚类，结果显示，大翅薏苡和水生薏苡均表现为独立分枝，大翅薏苡在所有的二倍体种（变种）中处于最原始的位置（图5）。因此，以核基因组序列为基础的系统发育支持大翅薏苡为独立新种，也是中国薏苡属的新纪录种。
2.5　分类学处理
大翅薏苡Coix gigantea Koen. Ex Roxb. Bor （1960）； Gilliland （1971）； Rao （2010）. 多年生草本；旱生。株型直立，无匍匐茎；叶鞘松弛，较短于节间；叶舌长约1 mm，顶端具纤毛。叶片披针形，中部渐宽，近心形，主茎最大叶片长50.6~52.8 cm，宽2.9~4.1 cm；主茎最小叶片长22.8~26.2 cm，宽1.8~2.4 cm；叶片上表面和下表面均比较粗糙，边缘也粗糙，具有锯齿状结构，中脉粗厚，上表面具腺毛（或疣基糙毛、表皮毛），腺毛基部呈漏斗状。总状花序腋生，一级分枝（枝梗）较短，2~4枚总苞聚为一束，花序聚集形态紧凑，但较为稀疏。雌花序外包于珐琅质（骨质）总苞内，总苞尖端收缩成喙状，使总苞整体表现为梨形或长纺锤形，偶有2个串联一起；无柄雌小穗共3枚，可育者1枚，其余退化；第一颖上部收缩，且为厚纸质，下部膨大成风帽状，质地也较薄，边缘包着第二颖；第二颖宽舟形，先端渐尖，厚纸质，边缘向外折，与第一颖近等长；第一小花仅存外稃，先端厚纸质，渐尖；雌蕊具长花柱，伸出总苞之外，柱头分离为2条花丝。雄花序长2.5~3.0 cm，2个雄小穗生于一节，1个有柄，1个无柄，第一颖草质，具多脉，边缘内折成脊，脊上有1~2 mm的宽翼；第二颖舟形，背部有脊；2朵小花的外稃及内稃均为膜质，均比颖片略短，其内稃也比外稃稍短；雄蕊3枚；有柄雄小穗与无柄者相似，常稍小或有时不育。在我国主要分布在西藏林芝地区和云南的保山、西双版纳等热带湿润地区的河沟、谷地及流水缓慢的溪流旁；国外主要分布于印度及东南亚各国。
本种与水生薏苡相近，但水生薏苡常生长水中，茎秆常漂浮水面，节部生根，多数靠茎秆营养体繁殖；现有水生薏苡存在2n=30、 40等多种染色体倍型，与薏苡属其他种多存在生殖隔离等特征易于区别。
3　讨论
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薏苡属是禾本科作物中极为独特的一个属，其生物学特征、起源演化、民族文化传播及用途等方面具有极强的物种特异性［18］；而且富含营养和药用滋养成分，也是一类未被充分发现和挖掘利用的作物［19］。野生资源往往具有多年生、饲草价值高、抗逆性强等优点［20］，也是栽培薏苡品种改良的重要抗性基因来源。大翅薏苡是薏苡属的野生种之一，首次出现在印度的薏苡属分类系统中，主要分布在印度、尼泊尔、越南等南亚及东南亚国家，但是中国的分类学系统中并没有该物种的报道，大翅薏苡被视为水生薏苡中的一个无效分类学种。中国水生薏苡最早发现于广西西部山区，在野生状态下表现为水生植物的典型特征，茎多年生、匍匐浮生，节间细长、节上生出根和分枝，雄穗无花药，表现为高度不育，靠根茎沿水系自然扩散，因为该种保留了更为原始的生物学特点，广西地区被认为是薏苡属植物的起源和演化中心之一［21-22］。针对此种类型的水生薏苡，中国学者利用荧光原位杂交（FISH，fluorescence in situ hybridization）和DNA重复进行分析，发现其细胞内染色体为2n=30类型，其中20条染色体与薏苡高度同源，推测这种倍性的形成是由2n=20的二倍体薏苡和2n=40的四倍体薏苡种间杂交形成的新种，并将此命名为Coix aquatica HG［23-24］。然而，基于二倍体薏苡大黑山基因组组装结果显示，在基因组中存在一个近期的基因组复制事件，这也导致了薏苡传统分类学与分子分类学上的不一致［17］。关于大翅薏苡分类学地位则在历史上描述混乱、分类学地位反复变动，甚至被取消；可能是由于未发现代表性植株（居群），在中国薏苡属的分类系统中也未体现，长期将其作为水生薏苡来对待。本研究团队经多年野外和田间观察，大翅薏苡的主要分类学特征表现为无地下茎（匍匐茎），总苞珐琅质、梨形，叶片宽大、近心形，而且花药正常散粉，高度可育，染色体数目2n=20，这些特征与典型的水生薏苡区分明显，因此建议恢复其植物分类学地位，成为中国薏苡属内一新种。由于中国薏苡属的分类系统尚未完全统一，现有的两版《中国植物志》［6］和《Flora of China》［7］拉丁名也不一致，中国药典中的基源植物拉丁名与上述植物志的记载也存在分歧，因此本研究大翅薏苡新纪录种的发现是中国植物遗传多样性和分类学研究的重要补充，对进一步修订和完善中国薏苡属的分类学具有重要参考价值。大翅薏苡和水生薏苡的叶片上表面具长腺毛，保留了部分最原始的性状特征，因此推测大翅薏苡可能是水生薏苡杂交物种形成的重要基因组供体。系统发育证据也显示，大翅薏苡在所有的薏苡属二倍体物种（水生薏苡除外）中处于最原始的位置，在此基础上通过更广泛的基因组组装（超泛基因组）分析，对于探讨薏苡属的物种演化和驯化将具有重要价值。

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doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427001
  • 接收时间：2026-04-27
  • 首发时间：2026-09-30
  • 出版时间：2026-07-16
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  • 收稿日期：2026-04-27
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    1黔西南州农业林业科学研究院， 贵州兴义 562400
    2四川农业大学玉米研究所， 成都 600031
    3中国农业科学院作物科学研究所， 北京 100081

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高爱农， 研究方向为作物种质资源调查收集， E-mail：
刘敏轩， 研究方向为特色农作物优异种质资源发掘与创新利用， E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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