Article(id=1312006216981770846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, issueId=1312006144101540779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260414001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1776096000000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790736258024, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1784131200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790736258024, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790736258024, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790736258024, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312006144101540779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, year='2026', volume='27', issue='7', pageStart='1311', pageEnd='1484', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784131200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790736240648, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739525097, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019920167203355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, issueId=1312006144101540779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019920167203356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, issueId=1312006144101540779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1444, endPage=1455, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312006217212457567, articleId=1312006216981770846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, language=EN, title=Field Survey and Diversity Analysis of Wild Fagopyrum dibotrys Populations in Central and Northeastern Yunnan, columnId=1312006179899924628, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To fully understand the distribution and variation patterns of wild Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara resources, this study conducted field investigations on seven wild populations collected from central and northeastern Yunnan, and performed a systematic diversity analysis based on phenotypic characteristics, secondary metabolites (flavonoids), and SSR molecular markers. The results showed that the distribution density and population size of Fagopyrum dibotrys were relatively high in northeastern Yunnan, while those in central Yunnan were low and scattered, which may be related to the high degree of industrialization in central Yunnan. Wild Fagopyrum dibotrys in central and northeastern Yunnan exhibited abundant population variation and high plasticity in both phenotypic traits and secondary metabolite profiles, the coefficient of variation ranged from 2.30% to 63.86%. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that different populations possessed varied levels of genetic diversity. The expected heterozygosity of these populations ranged from 0.1435 to 0.2735, and the Shannon's information index varied from 0.2060 to 0.3985. The Ludian population showed the largest distribution density, largest population scale and optimal genetic diversity level(the expected heterozygosity was 0.2735, and Shannon's information index was 0.3985), suggesting that it may represent a genetic diversity center of Fagopyrum dibotrys in central and northeastern Yunnan. The genetic differentiation coefficient among populations ranged from 0.0203 to 0.2006. The Zhaoyang population exhibited relatively strong genetic differentiation from other populations, which may be associated with the unique climate and geographical location of its distribution area.This study clarified the background diversity and population differentiation characteristics of wild Fagopyrum dibotrys in central and northeastern Yunnan, providing a scientific basis for the precise conservation and innovative utilization of this species.

, authors=Yehong LIU1, 2, Wei LI2, Jianfeng ZHU3, Yanhua CHEN2, Yunxue WANG4, Xibo FENG5, Zhou LI4, Wenhua LIAO6, Kaixuan ZHANG2, Hui CHEN7, Junzhen WANG3, Meiliang ZHOU1, 2, authorsList=Yehong LIU, Wei LI, Jianfeng ZHU, Yanhua CHEN, Yunxue WANG, Xibo FENG, Zhou LI, Wenhua LIAO, Kaixuan ZHANG, Hui CHEN, Junzhen WANG, Meiliang ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Junzhen WANG, Meiliang ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312006220005864046, articleId=1312006216981770846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, language=CN, title=滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦调查及多样性分析, columnId=1312006180101251222, journalTitle=植物遗传资源学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为全面了解野生金荞麦资源的分布与变异规律,对滇中与滇东北地区的7个野生金荞麦居群进行了实地调查,并基于表型特征、次生代谢物(黄酮类)及SSR分子标记进行了系统的多样性分析。结果表明,滇东北地区的金荞麦分布密度和居群规模较大,滇中地区分布密度小、分布零散,可能和滇中地区工业化程度高有关。滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦在表型特征与次生代谢水平上均表现出丰富的群体变异和极高的可塑性,变异系数在2.30%~63.86%之间。遗传多样性分析揭示,各居群的遗传多样性高低不同,各居群期望杂合度在0.1435~0.2735之间,Shannon′s指数在0.2060~0.3985之间,其中鲁甸居群的分布密度最大、居群规模最大、遗传多样性(期望杂合度为0.2735,Shannon′s指数为0.3985)最高,可能是金荞麦在滇中及滇东北地区的遗传多样性中心。各居群之间的遗传分化系数在0.0203~0.2006之间,昭阳居群与其他居群出现较大分化,可能与其分布地区的特殊气候和地理位置相关。本研究阐明了滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦的多样性本底及其群体分化特征,为该物种资源的精准保护与创新利用提供了科学依据。

, authors=刘叶鸿1, 2, 李伟2, 朱剑锋3, 陈艳花2, 王韵雪4, 冯西博5, 李周4, 廖文华6, 张凯旋2, 陈惠7, 王俊珍3, 周美亮1, 2, authorsList=刘叶鸿, 李伟, 朱剑锋, 陈艳花, 王韵雪, 冯西博, 李周, 廖文华, 张凯旋, 陈惠, 王俊珍, 周美亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王俊珍, 周美亮, authorNote=

研究方向为荞麦分子生物学,E-mail:

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王俊珍,研究方向为荞麦、燕麦种质资源、育种和栽培技术,E-mail:
周美亮,研究方向为作物种质资源及遗传育种学,E-mail:
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Investigation and collection of wild Fagopyrum cymosum germplasm resources in China. 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Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2021,22(5):1240-1247, articleTitle=Construction of primary core collection of buckwheat germplasm resources based on phenotypic traits and SSR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006234262303498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=12, pageStart=2067, pageEnd=2071, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=40, authorNames=赵莎, 郑司浩, 李进瞳, 刘美娟, 林晖才, 熊啟相, 曾燕, 王继永, journalName=中国现代中药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵莎, 郑司浩, 李进瞳, 刘美娟, 林晖才, 熊啟相, 曾燕, 王继永. 不同产地野生金荞麦SSR标记鉴定. 中国现代中药, 2021,23(12):2067-2071, articleTitle=不同产地野生金荞麦SSR标记鉴定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006234321023755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=12, pageStart=2067, pageEnd=2071, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=41, authorNames=Zhao S, Zheng S H, Li J T, Liu M J, Lin H C, Xiong Q X, Zeng Y, Wang J Y, journalName=Modern Chinese Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao S, Zheng S H, Li J T, Liu M J, Lin H C, Xiong Q X, Zeng Y, Wang J Y. 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Ecology and Evolution, 2025,15(7):23, articleTitle=Phenotypic traits, SSR core primer screening, and genetic diversity analysis of toxicodendron vernicifluum from different seed sources in Yunnan, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006234748842769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=660, pageEnd=663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=47, authorNames=张春平, 何平, 胡世俊, 张益锋, 冀花存, 高姗, journalName=中国中药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张春平, 何平, 胡世俊, 张益锋, 冀花存, 高姗. 药用金荞麦遗传多样性的RAPD分析. 中国中药杂志, 2009,34(6):660-663, articleTitle=药用金荞麦遗传多样性的RAPD分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1312006234828534546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=660, pageEnd=663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=48, authorNames=Zhang C P, He P, Hu S J, Zhang Y F, Ji H C, Gao S, journalName=China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang C P, He P, Hu S J, Zhang Y F, Ji H C, Gao S. 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左:道旁;右上:山坡;右下:水边;红框区域为野生金荞麦植株

, figureFileSmall=BJ3sxYY/rUwnwvC9VhPXRA==, figureFileBig=I90/Qzm9sMj/6h76C/ixhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006226456703694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Morphological difference analysis of seven wild populations, figureFileSmall=Nb7nruLBG33VMtEz7H53AA==, figureFileBig=CVITyvAiINAZQ8Zbpmy6dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006226536395471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=CN, label=图2, caption=七个野外居群的形态学差异分析

不同字母表示对应数据在P0.05水平存在显著差异;下同

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居群编号同表1;-1,-2,-3表示该居群内的3个单株

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红框所指为多态性条带

, figureFileSmall=Covuw0sWvi4S6jpJmR/HuQ==, figureFileBig=bn2Nf7USA/VOp6qp/sdGEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312006228881011418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Population information and number

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

编号

Number

采集地点

Collection location

海拔(m)

Altitude

居群1 Pop1昭通市鲁甸县2304
居群2 Pop2曲靖市会泽县2137
居群3 Pop3昭通市昭阳区2058
居群4 Pop4昭通市巧家县1901
居群5 Pop5昆明市晋宁区1874
居群6 Pop6玉溪市澄江市1789
居群7 Pop7玉溪市通海县1777
), ArticleFig(id=1312006228964897499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

居群信息及编号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

编号

Number

采集地点

Collection location

海拔(m)

Altitude

居群1 Pop1昭通市鲁甸县2304
居群2 Pop2曲靖市会泽县2137
居群3 Pop3昭通市昭阳区2058
居群4 Pop4昭通市巧家县1901
居群5 Pop5昆明市晋宁区1874
居群6 Pop6玉溪市澄江市1789
居群7 Pop7玉溪市通海县1777
), ArticleFig(id=1312006229036200668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detailed information on the SSR sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer name

重复序列

Repetitive sequence

正向引物(5′-3′)

Forward primer(5′-3′)

反向引物(5′-3′)

Reverse primer(5′-3′)

引物1 Primer 1(CAG)5(CT)(CAG) (GAK)8ACTGCACCCCAGAGGATTGCTGTATCCATGCCCGTA
引物2 Primer 2(GA)10C(GA)AGGAGCAGAGGTGGTGGTCGGAGCCTCTGCAACC
引物3 Primer 3(GAK)6 (GAT)3 (GAT)2CTGCTTGGATCCCATTGAAGCCTCTCGATCCCTCTG
引物4 Primer 4(CST)7CGAGGTGGGCAGTAGAGAGAGGAGGACGAGGAGGTG
), ArticleFig(id=1312006229099115229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SSR序列详细信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物名称

Primer name

重复序列

Repetitive sequence

正向引物(5′-3′)

Forward primer(5′-3′)

反向引物(5′-3′)

Reverse primer(5′-3′)

引物1 Primer 1(CAG)5(CT)(CAG) (GAK)8ACTGCACCCCAGAGGATTGCTGTATCCATGCCCGTA
引物2 Primer 2(GA)10C(GA)AGGAGCAGAGGTGGTGGTCGGAGCCTCTGCAACC
引物3 Primer 3(GAK)6 (GAT)3 (GAT)2CTGCTTGGATCCCATTGAAGCCTCTCGATCCCTCTG
引物4 Primer 4(CST)7CGAGGTGGGCAGTAGAGAGAGGAGGACGAGGAGGTG
), ArticleFig(id=1312006229166224094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Population genetic diversity index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

居群

Populations

观测等位基因数

Na

有效等位基因数

Ne

香农信息指数

I

期望杂合度

He

居群1 Pop11.66671.48170.39850.2735
居群2 Pop21.60001.31510.29570.1925
居群3 Pop31.60001.27350.27250.1735
居群4 Pop41.40001.23310.21670.1435
居群5 Pop51.33331.26550.20600.1435
居群6 Pop61.46671.36070.28720.1993
居群7 Pop71.53331.33660.28160.1898
), ArticleFig(id=1312006229229138655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

群体遗传多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

居群

Populations

观测等位基因数

Na

有效等位基因数

Ne

香农信息指数

I

期望杂合度

He

居群1 Pop11.66671.48170.39850.2735
居群2 Pop21.60001.31510.29570.1925
居群3 Pop31.60001.27350.27250.1735
居群4 Pop41.40001.23310.21670.1435
居群5 Pop51.33331.26550.20600.1435
居群6 Pop61.46671.36070.28720.1993
居群7 Pop71.53331.33660.28160.1898
), ArticleFig(id=1312006229317219040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Genetic differentiation matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

居群

Populations

居群1

Pop1

居群2

Pop2

居群3

Pop3

居群4

Pop4

居群5

Pop5

居群6

Pop6

居群2 Pop20.0762
居群3 Pop30.13290.1601
居群4 Pop40.11260.04230.2006
居群5 Pop50.12400.05770.17930.0362
居群6 Pop60.05690.04570.17190.07580.0592
居群7 Pop70.08930.06210.19070.06820.08440.0203
), ArticleFig(id=1312006229388522209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385948879159419, articleId=1312006216981770846, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

遗传分化矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

居群

Populations

居群1

Pop1

居群2

Pop2

居群3

Pop3

居群4

Pop4

居群5

Pop5

居群6

Pop6

居群2 Pop20.0762
居群3 Pop30.13290.1601
居群4 Pop40.11260.04230.2006
居群5 Pop50.12400.05770.17930.0362
居群6 Pop60.05690.04570.17190.07580.0592
居群7 Pop70.08930.06210.19070.06820.08440.0203
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滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦调查及多样性分析
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刘叶鸿 1, 2 , 李伟 2 , 朱剑锋 3 , 陈艳花 2 , 王韵雪 4 , 冯西博 5 , 李周 4 , 廖文华 6 , 张凯旋 2 , 陈惠 7 , 王俊珍 3 , 周美亮 1, 2
植物遗传资源学报 | 论文 2026,27(7): 1444-1455
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植物遗传资源学报 |论文 2026 , 27 (7) : 1444 -1455
滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦调查及多样性分析
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刘叶鸿1, 2 , 李伟2, 朱剑锋3, 陈艳花2, 王韵雪4, 冯西博5, 李周4, 廖文华6, 张凯旋2, 陈惠7, 王俊珍3 , 周美亮1, 2
作者信息
  • 1湖南科技大学生命科学与健康学院,湘潭 411201
  • 2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
  • 3凉山彝族自治州农业科学研究院 高寒农业研究所,四川 凉山 615000
  • 4昭通市农业科学院,云南 昭通 657000
  • 5西藏农牧大学植物科学学院,林芝 860000
  • 6西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,拉萨 850032
  • 7四川农业大学生命科学学院,雅安 625014
通讯作者:
王俊珍,研究方向为荞麦、燕麦种质资源、育种和栽培技术,E-mail:
周美亮,研究方向为作物种质资源及遗传育种学,E-mail:
作者简介:

研究方向为荞麦分子生物学,E-mail:

Field Survey and Diversity Analysis of Wild Fagopyrum dibotrys Populations in Central and Northeastern Yunnan
Yehong LIU1, 2 , Wei LI2, Jianfeng ZHU3, Yanhua CHEN2, Yunxue WANG4, Xibo FENG5, Zhou LI4, Wenhua LIAO6, Kaixuan ZHANG2, Hui CHEN7, Junzhen WANG3 , Meiliang ZHOU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Sciences and Health, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201
  • 2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • 3Alpine Agriculture Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences·Liangshan, Liangshan 615000, Sichuan
  • 4Zhaotong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan
  • 5Plant Sciences College, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000
  • 6Agricultural Research Institute, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032
  • 7College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014
出版时间: 2026-07-16 doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260414001
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为全面了解野生金荞麦资源的分布与变异规律,对滇中与滇东北地区的7个野生金荞麦居群进行了实地调查,并基于表型特征、次生代谢物(黄酮类)及SSR分子标记进行了系统的多样性分析。结果表明,滇东北地区的金荞麦分布密度和居群规模较大,滇中地区分布密度小、分布零散,可能和滇中地区工业化程度高有关。滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦在表型特征与次生代谢水平上均表现出丰富的群体变异和极高的可塑性,变异系数在2.30%~63.86%之间。遗传多样性分析揭示,各居群的遗传多样性高低不同,各居群期望杂合度在0.1435~0.2735之间,Shannon′s指数在0.2060~0.3985之间,其中鲁甸居群的分布密度最大、居群规模最大、遗传多样性(期望杂合度为0.2735,Shannon′s指数为0.3985)最高,可能是金荞麦在滇中及滇东北地区的遗传多样性中心。各居群之间的遗传分化系数在0.0203~0.2006之间,昭阳居群与其他居群出现较大分化,可能与其分布地区的特殊气候和地理位置相关。本研究阐明了滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦的多样性本底及其群体分化特征,为该物种资源的精准保护与创新利用提供了科学依据。

金荞麦  /  SSR分子标记  /  遗传多样性  /  野外考察  /  取样策略

To fully understand the distribution and variation patterns of wild Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara resources, this study conducted field investigations on seven wild populations collected from central and northeastern Yunnan, and performed a systematic diversity analysis based on phenotypic characteristics, secondary metabolites (flavonoids), and SSR molecular markers. The results showed that the distribution density and population size of Fagopyrum dibotrys were relatively high in northeastern Yunnan, while those in central Yunnan were low and scattered, which may be related to the high degree of industrialization in central Yunnan. Wild Fagopyrum dibotrys in central and northeastern Yunnan exhibited abundant population variation and high plasticity in both phenotypic traits and secondary metabolite profiles, the coefficient of variation ranged from 2.30% to 63.86%. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that different populations possessed varied levels of genetic diversity. The expected heterozygosity of these populations ranged from 0.1435 to 0.2735, and the Shannon's information index varied from 0.2060 to 0.3985. The Ludian population showed the largest distribution density, largest population scale and optimal genetic diversity level(the expected heterozygosity was 0.2735, and Shannon's information index was 0.3985), suggesting that it may represent a genetic diversity center of Fagopyrum dibotrys in central and northeastern Yunnan. The genetic differentiation coefficient among populations ranged from 0.0203 to 0.2006. The Zhaoyang population exhibited relatively strong genetic differentiation from other populations, which may be associated with the unique climate and geographical location of its distribution area.This study clarified the background diversity and population differentiation characteristics of wild Fagopyrum dibotrys in central and northeastern Yunnan, providing a scientific basis for the precise conservation and innovative utilization of this species.

Fagopyrum dibotrys  /  SSR molecular markers  /  genetic diversity  /  field investigation  /  sampling strategy
刘叶鸿, 李伟, 朱剑锋, 陈艳花, 王韵雪, 冯西博, 李周, 廖文华, 张凯旋, 陈惠, 王俊珍, 周美亮. 滇中与滇东北地区野生金荞麦调查及多样性分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2026 , 27 (7) : 1444 -1455 . DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260414001
Yehong LIU, Wei LI, Jianfeng ZHU, Yanhua CHEN, Yunxue WANG, Xibo FENG, Zhou LI, Wenhua LIAO, Kaixuan ZHANG, Hui CHEN, Junzhen WANG, Meiliang ZHOU. Field Survey and Diversity Analysis of Wild Fagopyrum dibotrys Populations in Central and Northeastern Yunnan[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2026 , 27 (7) : 1444 -1455 . DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260414001
金荞麦[Fagopyrum dibotrys(D. Don)Hara]是蓼科(Polygonaceae)荞麦属(Fagopyrum Mill.)多年生双子叶草本植物,广泛分布于我国中西部的云南、四川、湖南、江西等13个省[1]。金荞麦具有重要的药用价值,其根茎可以入药,现代药理学研究表明,金荞麦的价值主要源于其根茎中含有的黄酮类物质(如芦丁、原花青素、原矢车菊素等)及萜类、酚类、有机酸酯类等多种化学物质,具有抗菌消炎、清热解毒、排脓祛瘀、预防癌症以及抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移的功效[2-6],此外,金荞麦种子同样富含黄酮类物质,其群体间的差异特征对金荞麦资源的开发利用具有重要指导意义。同时,金荞麦饲用价值也较为突出,具有较高的茎秆和叶片产量,对饲养禽畜适口性较好,同时富含多种次生代谢物,有益于禽畜的健康成长以及品质改良[7-9]。其次,农艺性状及考种数据(如株高、分枝数、千粒重、籽粒形态等)是衡量种质资源优劣、明确群体变异特征的重要指标,金荞麦作为栽培种荞麦甜荞和苦荞的野生近缘种,具有抗倒伏能力强、籽粒大且饱满等优点,可为栽培种荞麦种质改良与选育提供重要的表型来源[1, 10-11]。有研究从基因组水平揭示了金荞麦与苦荞的性状差异机制,挖掘到一系列与农艺性状和品质性状相关的基因,为农艺性状的遗传解析提供了理论支撑[12]。
但由于生态环境的变化和过度采集等问题,野生金荞麦资源数量锐减,2021年被列入国家重点保护野生植物名录,因此开展野生金荞麦资源的调查与收集工作十分必要。然而,金荞麦属于异花授粉植物,基因组高度杂合,加之目前关于不同居群金荞麦在农艺性状、考种数据和种子黄酮含量上的变异规律研究较为匮乏,居群内和居群间的遗传多样性特征尚不清晰,导致野外资源收集存在较大盲目性。因此开展居群内和居群间形态及遗传多样性分析,可多方面评估金荞麦居群内及居群间的表型与遗传差异,为科学开展金荞麦种质资源的收集、保护及利用提供参考依据。
简单重复序列(SSR,simple sequence repeats),也叫微卫星序列,其核心特征是由1~6个核苷酸为基本单位在基因组中连续多次重复的序列[13]。SSR标记是一种基于特定引物进行PCR的分子标记技术,具有多等位基因特性、共显性遗传及成本低操作简单等优势,常用于植物遗传多样性分析,遗传图谱构建等[14]。在荞麦属中,Ma等[15]共开发出了136对SSR引物,其中41对引物可以有效地鉴别栽培种荞麦和野生种荞麦;Li等[16]对SSR引物设计方法进行创新,直接从功能基因区域开发了4对SSR引物,在不同苦荞资源中表现出较高的多态性,可用于苦荞的遗传多样性分析;高帆等[17]设计了SSR引物,构建了我国苦荞SSR分子标记体系并分析其在遗传多样性研究中的应用;石桃雄等[18]通过甜荞的转录组序列设计开发SSR标记,筛选出12对功能关联性强、通用性好、多态性好的引物;田晓庆等[19]、杨学文等[20]、徐笑宇等[21]利用SSR标记,分析了来自不同地区的大量荞麦资源的遗传多样性;李金龙等[22]通过表型性状和SSR分子标记,构建了甜荞的初级核心种质;赵莎等[23]开发了不同的引物组合,可以有效区分来自不同地区的野生金荞麦;贾琼等[24]开发出36对具有多态性的引物,增加了金荞麦的遗传多样性评价与性状遗传机制解析的可用分子标记。
云南具有丰富的金荞麦野生资源,分布范围广、变异类型多,是研究金荞麦遗传多样性的重要区域。本研究通过对云南不同地区的7个金荞麦居群进行遗传多样性分析,结合农艺性状、考种数据和种子黄酮含量,比较种群内和种群间的亲缘关系和遗传分化程度,为金荞麦种质资源的科学调查收集和保护利用奠定基础。
野生金荞麦材料由本研究团队于2023年8月在滇中及滇东北地区野外考察获得,采集野生金荞麦的新鲜、健康叶片,装入容器中经液氮速冻后放入干冰中运输,后放入-80℃超低温冰箱保存备用。野生金荞麦居群信息及编号如表1。
对野生金荞麦居群的原生境进行GPS精确定位,记录海拔、经纬度信息,拍摄记录其生境地环境和表型性状,采集叶片用于DNA鉴定,采集根茎和种子后用于繁殖与种子鉴定。
记录各居群内典型植株的植株高度、叶长、叶宽、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、中部分枝长度和中部分枝角度,每个居群测量3株进行植株形态学鉴定。
选取野生金荞麦各居群3个单株进行籽粒性状考察。使用SC-G型万深考种仪(杭州万深检测科技有限公司)对各居群籽粒的千粒重、籽粒长度、籽粒宽度、籽粒长宽比、籽粒直径和籽粒圆度进行鉴定。
分别取各居群野生金荞麦种子30颗,用于黄酮提取与黄酮含量测定,方法如下。
(1)用研钵将籽粒研磨为细小粉末,过100目筛,称取0.1 g粉末,将其加入到15 mL离心管中,再向其中加入体积分数为80%的甲醇10 mL并充分混合均匀,放入45℃预热好的超声清洗仪中超声萃取40 min,其间多次取出颠倒混匀,完成后取出静置5 min。
(2)使用0.22 μm滤膜将上清液过滤,-80℃过夜析出结晶后再次过滤,吸出1 mL滤液,加入至2 mL液相上样瓶。
(3)标准溶液制备。15 mL离心管中称取芦丁、烟花苷、槲皮素和山奈酚标准品(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)各1 mg,向其中加入体积分数为80%的甲醇10 mL,充分溶解后得到标准溶液(浓度为100 mg/L),按浓度梯度稀释为不同浓度(10.0、5.0、2.5、1.0、0.5 mg/L)的标准溶液,再分别取1mL加入到2 mL上样瓶中待用。
(4)使用三重四级杆液相色谱-质谱联用仪(Agilent 1290-6495,安捷伦科技有限公司)对上述准备的样品及标准品进行测定,设置3次技术重复。使用Zorbax反相色谱柱(RRHD SB-C18 3 mm× 150 mm,1.8 μm,Agilent Technologies,USA)进行色谱分离,溶剂由含0.1%甲酸的水溶液(甲酸∶水=1∶999)(A相)和含 0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液(甲酸∶乙腈=1∶999)(B相)组成,梯度洗脱程序为2%B相保持2 min,后2 min从2%线性增加至10%,7 min从10%线性增加至80%,后2 min 进一步线性增加到98%,再2 min线性降低至2%,最后2%保持2 min,流速设定为0.4 mL/min,柱温为40℃,样品注射体积为2 μL。
(5)使用安捷伦MassHunter B.07.00和MassHunter B.04.00(B4033.2)软件进行数据收集和分析。
CTAB法提取采集到的金荞麦样品的DNA。称取金荞麦叶片200 mg,利用液氮冷冻样品将其研磨成细粉末;加入900 μL的2%CTAB溶液,充分混匀;65℃水浴30 min(每隔10 min拿出摇动几次混匀);冷却后,加入900 μL核酸抽提试剂(氯仿∶异丙醇=24∶1),剧烈震荡 2 min;放入离心机13000 r/min离心10 min,吸取600 μL上清液,并向其中加入600 μL异丙醇,混匀后放入-20℃ 30 min析出DNA;放入离心机13000 r/min离心10 min,弃上清液;加入700 μL的75%乙醇洗涤两遍;待室温风干后加入ddH2O溶解DNA。
将提取的DNA样品进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,并使用胶回收试剂盒进行DNA纯化,使用超微量分光光度计检测浓度,并将浓度稀释到100 ng/μL,以备后续使用。
SSR引物的选择参考Ma等[15],详细信息见表2。PCR体系为20 μL:金荞麦DNA 1μL,向体系中加入混合酶2×Phanta Max Master Mix(南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司,P525)与正反向引物各1 μL,ddH2O补齐至20 μL。PCR反应程序为95℃预变性5 min;95℃变性30 s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸1 min,共循环35次;72℃终延伸5 min。扩增完成后,用1%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳检测,观察条带并记录。
使用Excel进行数据统计和记录,使用SPSS 27进行数据分析,使用GraphPad 10绘制结果图。
基于供试材料表型测定数据,计算基于欧氏距离的遗传距离矩阵,运用非加权组平均法(UPGMA,unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means)进行系统聚类分析;利用R语言完成数据统计,并通过 iTOL(https://itol.embl.de/)与Adobe Illustrator对聚类树进行可视化优化。
PCR扩增产物电泳结果以“0,1”方式记录各等位基因,即某个等位基因存在时记为1,不存在时记为0,得到等位基因矩阵,利用GenALEx计算各个居群的观测等位基因数(Na,number of observed alleles)、有效等位基因数(Ne,effective number of alleles)、香农信息指数(I,Shannon's information index)、期望杂合度(He,expected heterozygosity)等遗传多样性数据,再计算遗传距离矩阵。
在本次调查的过程中发现,从滇东北到滇中,野生金荞麦的分布密度呈现逐渐下降趋势,常见生境为山坡、道旁和水边(图1),分布海拔在1777~2304 m之间。在滇东北地区,特别是昭通市鲁甸县及其周边区域,野生金荞麦分布密度极高,居群规模也较大。而滇中区域的曲靖、昆明、玉溪等地,地处滇中城市群规划圈,工业化和农业发展程度较高,金荞麦常呈碎片化分布,分布密度极低,居群规模极小,需要加强收集和保护。
对野外调查的7个金荞麦居群进行整体特征分析发现,16个性状在总体水平上存在显著的变异差异,变异系数在2.30%~63.86%之间。在植株营养生长特征方面,7个居群的分枝形态表现出极大的整体多样性,其中主茎分枝数和分枝角度的变异最为剧烈,变异系数分别为38.45%、31.49%;株高总体均值为189.38 cm,变异系数为25.57%,其与叶长、叶宽、主茎节数及分枝长度的变异幅度均处于中等水平,变异系数在12.85%~23.96%之间。相比之下,金荞麦籽粒的形态特征在各居群间表现出极高的保守性,其籽粒长、籽粒宽及籽粒长宽比的变异系数均低于8%,仅千粒重存在一定程度的变异,变异系数为21.52%。此外,次生代谢产物的积累在7个居群总体中波动较大,微量黄酮组分如山奈酚含量、烟花苷含量和槲皮素含量的变异系数分别为63.86%、40.56%和29.15%;而群体总体含量最高的芦丁含量(均值23.25 mg/g)则相对稳定,变异系数为27.24%。总体而言,7个野外金荞麦居群在次生代谢物含量和株型上具有丰富的整体表型变异,而籽粒形态则保持了高度的一致性。
植株营养生长特征方面,7个野外居群的形态学差异分析(图2)结果表明,在株高、叶长及叶宽方面,各居群间呈现显著的统计学差异:昭阳居群(Pop3)的植株最高且叶片尺寸最大,而巧家居群(Pop4)最为矮小,各项指标均处于最低水平。然而,尽管各居群间叶片与植株的绝对大小变化剧烈,但这7个居群的叶长宽比却未表现出显著的组间差异,整体稳定维持在1.05~1.10之间。这一结果表明,该群体在植株与器官的绝对生长量上具有显著的多样性,但基本的叶片几何形态受到了严格的保守调控。
植株营养生长特征的分枝及主茎特征分析(图3)表明,各群体在株型空间结构上存在显著的分化。其中,昭阳居群(Pop3)表现出显著的“稀疏平展”特征,其主茎节数、主茎分枝数以及分枝长度均处于最低,但其分枝角度显著最大。相反,巧家居群(Pop4)和会泽居群(Pop2)居群则呈现出相对“密集直立”的株型模式,两者的分枝角度均较小,但主茎节数显著最多;在此基础上,巧家居群(Pop4)主茎分枝数最多,而会泽居群(Pop2)则表现出最长的分枝长度。这一结果表明,不同居群在分枝发育能力与空间伸展模式上形成了多样的表型组合,进一步体现了该群体丰富的形态多样性。
籽粒形态特征分析(图4)表明,在籽粒重量与尺寸方面,昭阳居群(Pop3)的籽粒最为饱满,其千粒重(46.87 g)、籽粒长(7.2 mm)及籽粒宽(5.7 mm)均显著高于其他居群;相反,会泽居群(Pop2)的籽粒最为细小,其千粒重(27.50 g)、籽粒长(5.7 mm)及籽粒宽(4.4 mm)均处于各群体的最低或较低水平。在籽粒形态(长宽比)方面,各居群呈现出明显的分化梯度,鲁甸居群(Pop1)的籽粒长宽比显著最大(形态偏细长),会泽居群(Pop2)与昭阳居群(Pop3)次之,而巧家居群(Pop4)至通海居群(Pop7)的籽粒长宽比较低(形态更偏圆润)。
4种主要黄酮类物质(芦丁、烟花苷、槲皮素和山奈酚)含量结果(图5)显示,各群体在生化表型上存在显著的分化。整体而言,这些代谢物在不同居群中的积累模式表现出高度的协同性。其中,巧家居群(Pop4)和会泽居群(Pop2)籽粒黄酮类物质含量水平较高:巧家居群(Pop4)的芦丁含量和槲皮素含量显著位居所有居群之首,且其烟花苷含量与山奈酚含量也与处于最高水平的会泽居群(Pop2)无显著差异;会泽居群(Pop2)在芦丁、烟花苷、槲皮素、山奈酚3种黄酮类物质的富集上均处于最高或次高组别。相反,昭阳居群(Pop3)的黄酮类物质合成能力显著最弱,其检测的4种代谢物含量均处于所有群体中的最低水平。此外,在绝对含量上,芦丁是各居群中丰度最高的组分(在10~40 mg/g之间),远超其他3种微量物质。以上结果表明,不同野外居群在次生代谢水平上已形成显著的群体差异,其中巧家居群(Pop4)和会泽居群(Pop2)具有作为高黄酮类物质含量优质种质资源的潜力。
基于供试群体的表型性状开展系统聚类分析(图6),结果表明所有群体可明确划分为2个主要分支,其中第I分支(独立远缘分支)仅包含昭阳居群(Pop3)群体(Pop 3-1、Pop 3-2、Pop 3-3),该类群在聚类树基部最早分化并形成独立长支,表型性状最为特异,表现为株高最高、叶长与叶宽最大等,与其余所有群体存在分化。第II分支(主要聚类分支)包含其余6个群体,内部呈现清晰的层级分化,巧家居群(Pop4)与通海居群(Pop7)依次独立分化为亚分支,鲁甸居群(Pop1)、会泽居群(Pop2)、晋宁居群(Pop5)、澄江居群(Pop6)则聚为复合亚分支,其中澄江居群(Pop6)率先分化,会泽居群(Pop2)、鲁甸居群(Pop1)与晋宁居群(Pop5)最终紧密聚合,三者表型相似度最高。此外,各群体内的3个生物学重复均优先聚为一支,验证了表型数据的可靠性与重复性。该聚类结果直观反映了不同群体间的表型分化关系,为后续种质评价与育种利用提供了表型依据。
将PCR扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳后的条带进行记录,条带清晰且多态性较好的片段记录为等位基因,不同大小的片段记录为不同的等位基因,部分结果如图7所示。
基于SSR分子标记结果,分析了各居群遗传多样性指数(表3)、居群间遗传分化指数(表4),结果表明,鲁甸居群(Pop1)的所有指标(观测等位基因数1.6667,有效等位基因数1.4817,香农信息指数0.3985,期望杂合度0.2735)在7个居群中均为最高,具有最丰富的遗传变异,是金荞麦在滇中及滇东北地区的遗传多样性中心,环境选择压力较小,种群历史稳定。会泽居群(Pop2)、澄江居群(Pop6)、通海居群(Pop7)属于中等多样性居群,这3个居群的期望杂合度在0.1898~0.1993之间,接近或略高于所有居群的平均水平;其中会泽居群(Pop2)的观测等位基因数和香农信息指数较高,澄江居群(Pop6)的观测等位基因数和有效等位基因数均衡。这些居群保持了中等程度的遗传多样性,属于正常变异水平,遗传结构相对健康。昭阳居群(Pop3)、巧家居群(Pop4)、晋宁居群(Pop5)属于较低多样性居群,这3个居群的期望杂合度在0.1435~0.1735之间,普遍较低;尤其是巧家居群(Pop4)和晋宁居群(Pop5),观测等位基因数值较低(1.4000和1.3333),晋宁居群(Pop5)的香农信息指数值也最低(0.2060),这些居群遗传多样性显著偏低。遗传分化系数(Fst,fixation index)的计算结果表明,昭阳居群(Pop3)与其他群体Fst值均较高(0.1329~0.2006),表明昭阳居群(Pop3)与其他居群的分化程度较高,遗传距离较远。除昭阳居群(Pop3)外,会泽居群(Pop2)与其他居群Fst值均较低(0.0423~0.0762),会泽居群(Pop2)可能是滇东北和滇中地区金荞麦的分布中心,与多个群体均存在一定的基因交流。澄江居群(Pop6)与通海居群(Pop7)的Fst值最低,为0.0203,说明两居群遗传交流频繁,可以近似视为同一种群。综合表型和分子标记来看,昭阳居群(Pop3)是一个较为特殊的居群,需要重点关注。
植物在长期的进化过程中,为适应复杂多变的环境,会在营养生长、生殖发育及次生代谢之间进行资源的重新分配[25]。本研究表明,滇中及滇东北金荞麦居群在营养器官(如主茎分枝数变异系数高达38.45%)和黄酮类次生代谢物(如山奈酚含量变异系数达63.86%)上表现出极高的表型可塑性,而籽粒形态等生殖性状则保持高度保守(变异系数8%)。这种变异格局可能体现了野生植物应对高度异质性生境的典型适应策略,不同居群在株型与代谢水平上的显著分化,深刻体现了植物的“生长-防御”权衡机制[26]。巧家居群(Pop4,1901 m)地处金沙江干热河谷,长期面临高温、干旱及强紫外线等非生物胁迫。为适应严酷生境,该居群采取了极端的防御策略,其营养生长受到显著抑制(植株最为矮小),而将大量碳资源倾斜于合成芦丁、槲皮素等具有抗氧化、抗逆境作用的黄酮类物质。同样,处于高海拔冷凉生境的会泽居群(Pop2,2137 m)也表现出植株矮小密集、次生代谢物富集的特征,这可能是其应对高寒胁迫的趋同适应。相反,昭阳居群(Pop3,2058 m)地势平坦、生境相对优渥,植物面临的非生物胁迫较轻,因此倾向于资源获取与快速生长,表现出株高最高、叶片最大、籽粒最饱满(千粒重高达46.87 g)的特征,但其黄酮类代谢物的积累能力则显著退化。
物种的遗传空间分布格局是历史演化、地理屏障与环境选择共同作用的结果[27-28]。本研究的SSR标记结果显示,各野生金荞麦居群间存在显著的遗传分化,且基因交流强度与地理地貌特征密切相关。鲁甸居群(Pop1,2304 m)处于本次采样的最高海拔,且维持了最高的观测等位基因数(1.6667)和遗传多样性(期望杂合度为0.2735)。在历史气候剧烈波动时期,此类高海拔复杂山区往往能提供稳定的微生境,成为植物的微型避难所,从而截留并保存了丰富的古老遗传变异,成为该区域金荞麦的遗传多样性中心。地理屏障的缺失则显著促进了居群间的基因渗入。澄江居群(Pop6,1789 m)与通海居群(Pop7,1777 m)均位于滇中湖盆平缓地带,两者间遗传分化指数极低(Fst=0.0203),表明在缺乏高山深谷阻隔的条件下,频繁的基因交流有效削弱了遗传漂变带来的分化,使得两地群体在遗传结构上趋于同质化。此外,会泽居群(Pop2)与其他多数群体间保持了较低的Fst值,结合其地理位置,推测其可能在该区域维持了较为频繁的基因交流。
此外,本研究发现,表型数据与群体遗传学数据均揭示了昭阳居群(Pop3)在进化上的高度特异性。聚类分析显示,昭阳居群(Pop3)与其他居群发生显著的早期分离,且具有极高的遗传分化值(Fst在0.1329~0.2006之间)。这与其在表型上呈现出的“稀疏平展、高大且大粒”以及生化代谢上“黄酮含量低”的特征对应。这种分子层面与表型层面的双重特异性,表明昭阳居群(Pop3)并非表型发生短暂漂移的随机群体,而是已经形成了一个具有局部适应特征的独立生态型。其形成的内在驱动力可能包括两方面:一是昭通盆地相对封闭的地理属性与周边山区形成了生境异质性隔离,阻断了其与核心群体的基因流;二是相对优良的微气候和特定的农业微生境施加了定向的选择压力,使得有利于快速营养生长和生殖投入的等位基因被固定,最终导致了其与其他野生居群的深度分化。
野生金荞麦不仅是生态系统的重要组成部分,更是现代荞麦抗逆育种与药用开发的珍贵基因库[4]。本研究揭示的多维多样性特征表明针对不同居群应采取差异化的保护措施,遗传多样性分布中心应严格设立原生境保护点,避免人为活动导致的生境片段化,以最大限度保存其丰富的天然等位基因库。此外,结合野外调查结果,本研究发现金荞麦分布密度与遗传多样性水平呈显著正相关。因此,针对异位保护,建议在金荞麦野外采样过程中,对于分布范围广、分布密度高的地区,应当适当增加采样点和采样数量以更全面地反映其遗传多样性水平;对于分布零散、居群规模小的地区,可减少采样点并减少采样数量;而对于有明显地理隔离或特殊生境的区域,在不影响种群延续的情况下,可适当增加采样点与采样数量。在采样过程中,也要注意非损伤性或低损伤性采样优先,优先采集叶片而非整枝、优先采集少量种子而非整株,采样完成后尽量恢复原样,不随意破坏非目标植物和生境。

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doi: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260414001
  • 接收时间:2026-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-16
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-14
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    1湖南科技大学生命科学与健康学院,湘潭 411201
    2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
    3凉山彝族自治州农业科学研究院 高寒农业研究所,四川 凉山 615000
    4昭通市农业科学院,云南 昭通 657000
    5西藏农牧大学植物科学学院,林芝 860000
    6西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,拉萨 850032
    7四川农业大学生命科学学院,雅安 625014

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王俊珍,研究方向为荞麦、燕麦种质资源、育种和栽培技术,E-mail:
周美亮,研究方向为作物种质资源及遗传育种学,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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