Article(id=1321852218836369780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB24164, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB24164, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730044800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1740153600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-22, onlineDate=1793083727796, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793083727796, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793083727796, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793083727796, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321852178331979976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='859', pageEnd='1035', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793083718140, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793083787009, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321852467248223111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321852467252417416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=968, endPage=977, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321852219134165365, articleId=1321852218836369780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Establishment of a Regeneration System for Viola × wittrockiana, columnId=1317485704066748799, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=TECHNIQUES AND METHODS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

INTRODUCTION: Viola × wittrockiana, a member of the Violaceae family, is recognized as a commercially valuable ornamental species due to its diverse flower colors and potential medicinal applications. However, its vegetative propagation via tissue culture has been limited by challenges such as low regeneration efficiency, procedural complexity in existing protocols, and genotype-dependent regeneration capacity. Previous attempts to establish regeneration systems for this species have been reported, but issues including inconsistent callus differentiation, low adventitious bud formation rates, and high dependency on explant quality remain unresolved. Consequently, the development of a stable and efficient regeneration system is considered critical for enabling biotechnological advancements, including genetic transformation and large-scale propagation of elite cultivars. A systematic approach focusing on genotype screening, explant selection, and optimization of plant growth regulator combinations is required to address these limitations and facilitate the species’ genetic improvement.
RATIONALE: Regeneration capacity in plants is highly influenced by genotype. This study aimed to optimize the regeneration system for V. × wittrockiana by screening eight cultivars and selecting petioles as superior explants due to their higher callus differentiation potential. Key factors, including plant growth regulators (2,4-D, KT, 6-BA) and carbohydrate sources (sucrose, maltose, trehalose), were systematically evaluated. Repeated induction cycles were employed to enrich high-regeneration genotypes, enhancing overall efficiency and reproducibility.
RESULTS: Petioles were identified as superior explants, exhibiting a significantly higher callus induction rate (91.90%) compared to leaves (49.65%) across eight V. × wittrockiana cultivars, with the highest differentiation efficiency (15.83%) observed in the PXP cultivar. The optimal callus induction medium was determined to be 1/2MS (sugar-free) supplemented with 30 g∙L-1 sucrose, 1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D, and 1.5 mg∙L-1 KT, achieving a differentiation rate of 18.52%. For adventitious bud induction, the highest regeneration efficiency (67.33±3.06)% was obtained through repeated induction cycles using 1/2MS (sugar-free) containing 30 g∙L-1 trehalose, 0.05 mg∙L-1 2,4-D, and 3 mg∙L-1 6-BA. Proliferation of adventitious buds was maximized on MS (sugar-free) medium with 30 g∙L-1 trehalose, 0.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D, and 1 mg∙L-1 6-BA, yielding a proliferation coefficient of 3.29±0.22. Rooting of regenerated shoots was successfully achieved (84.44±6.93)% on 1/2MS medium containing 0.1 mg∙L-1 NAA, followed by acclimatization with a survival rate exceeding 85%, validating the efficacy of the established regeneration protocol.
CONCLUSION: This study established a petiole-based high-efficiency regeneration system for V. × wittrockiana through genotype screening, media optimization, and repeated induction of high-regeneration genotypes. The protocol significantly improved adventitious bud differentiation rates (67.33%), addressing long-standing challenges in regeneration of this species. The system provides a robust technical foundation for genetic transformation, gene function studies, and large-scale propagation, thereby facilitating the commercial development and biotechnological advancement of this economically valuable species.

Observation of somatic embryo developmental stages during pansy regeneration. (A) Spherical embryo; (B) Heart-shaped embryo; (C) Torpedo-shaped embryo; (D) Cotyledon embryo; (E) Mature adventitious bud. Bar=1 cm

, authors=Ruxin Zhang1, Chenrong Li1, Tongxin Wang1, Jie Li1, Tingge Li1, Huixian Xu1, Meier Li1, Ying Zhao1, Ting Peng2, 3, *, Jian Wang1, *, authorsList=Ruxin Zhang, Chenrong Li, Tongxin Wang, Jie Li, Tingge Li, Huixian Xu, Meier Li, Ying Zhao, Ting Peng, Jian Wang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ting Peng, Jian Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail: ;
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321852221642359162, articleId=1321852218836369780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=CN, title=大花三色堇再生体系建立, columnId=1317485704289046913, journalTitle=植物学报, columnName=技术方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为建立大花三色堇(Viola × wittrockiana)植株再生体系, 以其8个品种的叶片和叶柄为实验材料, 筛选并确定了再生率高的品种和部位。结果表明, PXP是供试品种中用于大花三色堇再生体系建立的最佳品种, 其叶柄是最佳外植体。以品种PXP的叶柄为外植体, 进行再生体系优化。结果表明, 愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1蔗糖+1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+1.5 mg∙L-1 KT, 不定芽诱导最优培养基为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.05 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+3 mg∙L-1 6-BA, 再生苗经多次诱导分化, 再生率可达(67.33±3.06)%。不定芽增殖最优培养基为MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+1 mg∙L-1 6-BA, 增殖系数为3.29±0.22。再生苗在配方为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.1 mg∙L-1 NAA的生根培养基上培养2周后开始生根, 生根率为(84.44±6.93)%。该研究建立了分化率较高的大花三色堇再生体系, 解决了大花三色堇不定芽分化困难的难题, 为其育种改良和优良品种快繁提供了技术支持。

, authors=张汝鑫1, 李晨荣1, 王童欣1, 黎洁1, 李霆格1, 许慧娴1, 李梅儿1, 赵莹1, 彭婷2, 3, *, 王健1, *, authorsList=张汝鑫, 李晨荣, 王童欣, 黎洁, 李霆格, 许慧娴, 李梅儿, 赵莹, 彭婷, 王健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=彭婷, 王健, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 彭婷, 博士, 副教授。主要从事园林植物遗传育种与分子生物学研究。主持完成国家自然科学基金1项, 省部级项目3项。发表学术论文20余篇, 其中SCI收录论文15篇; 参编专著教材3部。参与审定品种1个。E-mail:
王健, 教授, 国家林草局全国林业和草原教学名师, 海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室主任。主要从事园林植物资源生物多样性与改良利用研究。主持完成国家自然科学基金4项, 省部级项目多项。授权国家发明专利5项, 实用新型专利2项。发表学术论文100余篇, 其中SCl收录论文25篇; 出版专著教材7部。E-mail:
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321852236435669500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=40, authorNames=张其生, journalName=三色堇与角堇花色、花斑遗传规律及组织培养的研究. 硕士论文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张其生 (2009). 三色堇与角堇花色、花斑遗传规律及组织培养的研究. 硕士论文. 武汉: 华中农业大学. pp. 1-63., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1321852230458786252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, awardId=ZK[2022]095, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省自然科学基金(ZK[2022]095), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1321852230739804621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, awardId=32160719, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32160719), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1321852230840467918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, awardId=32060365, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32060365), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1321852230928548303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, awardId=2022-013, language=CN, fundingSource=海口市重点科技创新项目(2022-013), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1321852230995657168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, awardId=Qhys20230-215, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省研究生创新科研课题(Qhys20230-215), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321852221906600315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321852221919183228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, companyId=1321852221906600315, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321852221927571837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, companyId=1321852221906600315, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 海南大学热带农林学院/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321852221994680702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321852222003069311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, companyId=1321852221994680702, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321852222011457920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, companyId=1321852221994680702, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321852222099538305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321852222107926914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, companyId=1321852222099538305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321852222112121219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, companyId=1321852222099538305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 华中农业大学生命科学技术学院, 武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321852227736682946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Regeneration via petiole-derived callus of Viola × wittrockiana

(A) Sterile seedlings; (B) Petioles; (C), (D) Induction of callus; (E), (F) Differentiation of adventitious buds; (G) Proliferation of adventitious buds; (H) Induction of root; (I) Transplanting. Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=kg7val1Vm7CQNpgiYI4NCw==, figureFileBig=lqV8K/yWb/R4nju5apdZ9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852227849929155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大花三色堇叶柄愈伤组织再生

(A) 无菌苗; (B) 叶柄外植体; (C), (D) 愈伤组织诱导; (E), (F) 不定芽分化; (G) 不定芽增殖; (H) 根诱导; (I) 移栽。Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=kg7val1Vm7CQNpgiYI4NCw==, figureFileBig=lqV8K/yWb/R4nju5apdZ9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228143530436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Rates of callus induction and differentiation of different cultivars of Viola × wittrockiana

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cultivars Callus formation rate of leaves (%) Callus formation rate of petioles (%) Differentiation rate of petiole- derived callus (%)
CJBG 46.67±4.41 cd 92.50±1.25 a 4.17±1.44 cd
CJCJBG 29.44±6.94 e 91.67±4.16 a 3.33±1.44 e
KJB 55.56±2.55 b 90.00±1.25 a 6.67±1.44 c
PXP 43.33±7.64 cd 89.38±6.76 a 15.83±1.44 a
LLBL 73.89±3.47 a 89.79+3.08 a 5.83±1.41 cd
SX 41.11±0.96 d 95.00±2.73 a 10.00±2.50 b
KM 56.67±1.67 b 94.58±1.91 a 6.67±1.44 c
ATSL 50.56±4.19 bc 92.29±2.95 a 11.67±1.44 b
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228256776645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同三色堇品种的出愈率和分化率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cultivars Callus formation rate of leaves (%) Callus formation rate of petioles (%) Differentiation rate of petiole- derived callus (%)
CJBG 46.67±4.41 cd 92.50±1.25 a 4.17±1.44 cd
CJCJBG 29.44±6.94 e 91.67±4.16 a 3.33±1.44 e
KJB 55.56±2.55 b 90.00±1.25 a 6.67±1.44 c
PXP 43.33±7.64 cd 89.38±6.76 a 15.83±1.44 a
LLBL 73.89±3.47 a 89.79+3.08 a 5.83±1.41 cd
SX 41.11±0.96 d 95.00±2.73 a 10.00±2.50 b
KM 56.67±1.67 b 94.58±1.91 a 6.67±1.44 c
ATSL 50.56±4.19 bc 92.29±2.95 a 11.67±1.44 b
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228344857030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different media on the differentiation rate of PXP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Type Callus formation rate (%) Callus growth state Differentiation rate (%)
Y1 (1/2MS (sugar-free)+30 g∙L-1 sucrose+1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+0.5 mg∙L-1 NAA+3.0 mg∙L-1 GA3) 93.56±1.16 a Pale yellow, loose, softer texture, fast growth 10.37±1.28 b
Y2 (1/2MS (sugar-free)+30 g∙L-1 sucrose+1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+1.5 mg∙L-1 KT) 95.67±3.47 a Yellow, dense, somewhat hard texture, slow growth 18.52±1.28 a
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228432937415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同培养基对PXP分化率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Type Callus formation rate (%) Callus growth state Differentiation rate (%)
Y1 (1/2MS (sugar-free)+30 g∙L-1 sucrose+1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+0.5 mg∙L-1 NAA+3.0 mg∙L-1 GA3) 93.56±1.16 a Pale yellow, loose, softer texture, fast growth 10.37±1.28 b
Y2 (1/2MS (sugar-free)+30 g∙L-1 sucrose+1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+1.5 mg∙L-1 KT) 95.67±3.47 a Yellow, dense, somewhat hard texture, slow growth 18.52±1.28 a
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228512629192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The orthogonal experiment of adventitious bud differentiation of Viola × wittrockiana

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Factor Differentiation rate (%)
A (Carbohydrate sources) B (2,4-D concentration) C (6-BA
concentration)
1 1 1 1 8.33
2 1 2 3 13.33
3 1 3 2 8.33
4 2 1 3 26.67
5 2 2 2 23.33
6 2 3 1 20.00
7 3 1 2 10.00
8 3 2 1 13.33
9 3 3 3 11.67
K1 0.10 0.15 0.14
K2 0.23 0.17 0.14
K3 0.12 0.13 0.17
Range (R) 0.13 0.02 0.03
Order A>C>B
Optimal level A2 B2 C3
Optimal combination A2B2C3
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228588126665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大花三色堇不定芽分化正交试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Factor Differentiation rate (%)
A (Carbohydrate sources) B (2,4-D concentration) C (6-BA
concentration)
1 1 1 1 8.33
2 1 2 3 13.33
3 1 3 2 8.33
4 2 1 3 26.67
5 2 2 2 23.33
6 2 3 1 20.00
7 3 1 2 10.00
8 3 2 1 13.33
9 3 3 3 11.67
K1 0.10 0.15 0.14
K2 0.23 0.17 0.14
K3 0.12 0.13 0.17
Range (R) 0.13 0.02 0.03
Order A>C>B
Optimal level A2 B2 C3
Optimal combination A2B2C3
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228667818442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of plant growth regulators on the adventitious bud proliferation of Viola × wittrockiana

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Type 6-BA (mg∙L-1) 2,4-D (mg∙L-1) Number of explants Proliferation coefficient Growth situation
Z1 0.5 0.5 45 2.20±0.20 c ++
Z2 1.0 0.5 45 3.29±0.22 a
Z3 2.0 0.5 45 2.73±0.23 b ++
Z4 3.0 0.5 45 2.18±0.17 c +
), ArticleFig(id=1321852230337151435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852218836369780, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

植物生长调节剂对大花三色堇不定芽增殖的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Type 6-BA (mg∙L-1) 2,4-D (mg∙L-1) Number of explants Proliferation coefficient Growth situation
Z1 0.5 0.5 45 2.20±0.20 c ++
Z2 1.0 0.5 45 3.29±0.22 a
Z3 2.0 0.5 45 2.73±0.23 b ++
Z4 3.0 0.5 45 2.18±0.17 c +
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大花三色堇再生体系建立
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张汝鑫 1 , 李晨荣 1 , 王童欣 1 , 黎洁 1 , 李霆格 1 , 许慧娴 1 , 李梅儿 1 , 赵莹 1 , 彭婷 2, 3, * , 王健 1, *
植物学报 | 技术方法 2025,60(6): 968-977
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植物学报 |技术方法 2025 , 60 (6) : 968 -977
大花三色堇再生体系建立
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张汝鑫1, 李晨荣1, 王童欣1, 黎洁1, 李霆格1, 许慧娴1, 李梅儿1, 赵莹1, 彭婷2, 3, * , 王健1, *
作者信息
  • 1 海南大学热带农林学院/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
  • 2 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025
  • 3 华中农业大学生命科学技术学院, 武汉 430070
通讯作者:
* 彭婷, 博士, 副教授。主要从事园林植物遗传育种与分子生物学研究。主持完成国家自然科学基金1项, 省部级项目3项。发表学术论文20余篇, 其中SCI收录论文15篇; 参编专著教材3部。参与审定品种1个。E-mail:
王健, 教授, 国家林草局全国林业和草原教学名师, 海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室主任。主要从事园林植物资源生物多样性与改良利用研究。主持完成国家自然科学基金4项, 省部级项目多项。授权国家发明专利5项, 实用新型专利2项。发表学术论文100余篇, 其中SCl收录论文25篇; 出版专著教材7部。E-mail:
Establishment of a Regeneration System for Viola × wittrockiana
Ruxin Zhang1, Chenrong Li1, Tongxin Wang1, Jie Li1, Tingge Li1, Huixian Xu1, Meier Li1, Ying Zhao1, Ting Peng2, 3, * , Jian Wang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
  • 2 College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 3 College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB24164
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为建立大花三色堇(Viola × wittrockiana)植株再生体系, 以其8个品种的叶片和叶柄为实验材料, 筛选并确定了再生率高的品种和部位。结果表明, PXP是供试品种中用于大花三色堇再生体系建立的最佳品种, 其叶柄是最佳外植体。以品种PXP的叶柄为外植体, 进行再生体系优化。结果表明, 愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1蔗糖+1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+1.5 mg∙L-1 KT, 不定芽诱导最优培养基为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.05 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+3 mg∙L-1 6-BA, 再生苗经多次诱导分化, 再生率可达(67.33±3.06)%。不定芽增殖最优培养基为MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+1 mg∙L-1 6-BA, 增殖系数为3.29±0.22。再生苗在配方为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.1 mg∙L-1 NAA的生根培养基上培养2周后开始生根, 生根率为(84.44±6.93)%。该研究建立了分化率较高的大花三色堇再生体系, 解决了大花三色堇不定芽分化困难的难题, 为其育种改良和优良品种快繁提供了技术支持。

大花三色堇  /  叶柄  /  再生体系  /  组织培养  /  多次诱导

INTRODUCTION: Viola × wittrockiana, a member of the Violaceae family, is recognized as a commercially valuable ornamental species due to its diverse flower colors and potential medicinal applications. However, its vegetative propagation via tissue culture has been limited by challenges such as low regeneration efficiency, procedural complexity in existing protocols, and genotype-dependent regeneration capacity. Previous attempts to establish regeneration systems for this species have been reported, but issues including inconsistent callus differentiation, low adventitious bud formation rates, and high dependency on explant quality remain unresolved. Consequently, the development of a stable and efficient regeneration system is considered critical for enabling biotechnological advancements, including genetic transformation and large-scale propagation of elite cultivars. A systematic approach focusing on genotype screening, explant selection, and optimization of plant growth regulator combinations is required to address these limitations and facilitate the species’ genetic improvement.
RATIONALE: Regeneration capacity in plants is highly influenced by genotype. This study aimed to optimize the regeneration system for V. × wittrockiana by screening eight cultivars and selecting petioles as superior explants due to their higher callus differentiation potential. Key factors, including plant growth regulators (2,4-D, KT, 6-BA) and carbohydrate sources (sucrose, maltose, trehalose), were systematically evaluated. Repeated induction cycles were employed to enrich high-regeneration genotypes, enhancing overall efficiency and reproducibility.
RESULTS: Petioles were identified as superior explants, exhibiting a significantly higher callus induction rate (91.90%) compared to leaves (49.65%) across eight V. × wittrockiana cultivars, with the highest differentiation efficiency (15.83%) observed in the PXP cultivar. The optimal callus induction medium was determined to be 1/2MS (sugar-free) supplemented with 30 g∙L-1 sucrose, 1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D, and 1.5 mg∙L-1 KT, achieving a differentiation rate of 18.52%. For adventitious bud induction, the highest regeneration efficiency (67.33±3.06)% was obtained through repeated induction cycles using 1/2MS (sugar-free) containing 30 g∙L-1 trehalose, 0.05 mg∙L-1 2,4-D, and 3 mg∙L-1 6-BA. Proliferation of adventitious buds was maximized on MS (sugar-free) medium with 30 g∙L-1 trehalose, 0.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D, and 1 mg∙L-1 6-BA, yielding a proliferation coefficient of 3.29±0.22. Rooting of regenerated shoots was successfully achieved (84.44±6.93)% on 1/2MS medium containing 0.1 mg∙L-1 NAA, followed by acclimatization with a survival rate exceeding 85%, validating the efficacy of the established regeneration protocol.
CONCLUSION: This study established a petiole-based high-efficiency regeneration system for V. × wittrockiana through genotype screening, media optimization, and repeated induction of high-regeneration genotypes. The protocol significantly improved adventitious bud differentiation rates (67.33%), addressing long-standing challenges in regeneration of this species. The system provides a robust technical foundation for genetic transformation, gene function studies, and large-scale propagation, thereby facilitating the commercial development and biotechnological advancement of this economically valuable species.

Observation of somatic embryo developmental stages during pansy regeneration. (A) Spherical embryo; (B) Heart-shaped embryo; (C) Torpedo-shaped embryo; (D) Cotyledon embryo; (E) Mature adventitious bud. Bar=1 cm

Viola × wittrockiana  /  petiole  /  regeneration system  /  tissue culture  /  repeated induction
张汝鑫, 李晨荣, 王童欣, 黎洁, 李霆格, 许慧娴, 李梅儿, 赵莹, 彭婷, 王健. 大花三色堇再生体系建立. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 968 -977 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24164
Ruxin Zhang, Chenrong Li, Tongxin Wang, Jie Li, Tingge Li, Huixian Xu, Meier Li, Ying Zhao, Ting Peng, Jian Wang. Establishment of a Regeneration System for Viola × wittrockiana[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (6) : 968 -977 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24164
大花三色堇(Viola × wittrockiana)是堇菜科(Violaceae)堇菜属(Viola)二年生草本植物, 其花期长, 花色绚丽丰富, 分为单色花和复色花两大类(Vukics et al., 2008), 是重要的冬春季花坛花卉, 也是最畅销的5种花坛植物之一(Gandolfo et al., 2016)。大花三色堇不仅具有较高的观赏价值, 在医药保健方面也有应用前景(Tang et al., 2010; González-Barrio et al., 2018; Fernandes et al., 2019; Gonçalves et al., 2019; Núñez et al., 2023)。随着国内花卉产业的快速发展, 大花三色堇的市场需求逐年增长。例如, 随着省级地方标准的实施, 河南已经全面推广三色堇产业, 不断延伸现代化产业链条, 开发潜在的商业价值, 实现一二三产业融合发展(牛燕燕等, 2023)。育种对于三色堇的产业发展具有重要意义, 但目前三色堇育种研究远落后于其产业发展需求, 亟须开发高效的三色堇育种体系。
生物育种作为新兴育种技术, 在花卉产业中有巨大的应用潜力。利用生物育种可更精准高效地改良花卉的性状, 如花色、花型、花期、抗病性及抗逆性, 从而提升花卉的观赏价值和市场竞争力。生物育种技术已成功应用于洋桔梗(Eustoma grandiflorum) (Mercuri et al., 2002)、蓝色玫瑰(Rosa rugosa) (Nanjaraj et al., 2019)、白化牵牛花(Pharbitis nil) (Bhardwaj et al., 2024)和长花期矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida) (Xu et al., 2021)。成熟的再生体系是开展生物育种的基础, 因此建立再生体系具有重要意义。三色堇的再生体系虽然已有报道, 但都存在一些问题。Babber和Kulbhu-shan (1991)将三色堇的根、下胚轴及子叶片段接种在含4 mg∙L-1 2,4-D和2 mg∙L-1 NAA的MS培养基上, 获得了愈伤组织, 但愈伤组织未能分化形成不定芽。本课题组前期初步建立了大花三色堇的再生体系, 但整体程序比较复杂, 继代培养步骤繁多, 且对愈伤组织状态的依赖性较高, 这导致实验重复性较差, 再生体系稳定性不理想(Wang and Bao, 2007)。张其生(2009)以茎段为外植体, 初步建立了大花三色堇的直接再生体系, 但存在玻璃化严重及生根困难等问题。陈玥如(2013)报道了三色堇的再生体系, 但并未提及其再生率, 体系模糊不够细化。因此, 目前尚未成功建立大花三色堇高效稳定的再生体系。
大花三色堇由多种堇菜属(Viola)植物杂交而来, 主要亲本包括三色堇(V. tricolor)、黄花堇菜(V. lutea)和阿尔泰堇菜(V. altaica)等(Nauenburg and Buttler, 2007)。这些亲本通过自然或人工杂交, 形成了大花三色堇园艺品种。因此, 大花三色堇遗传背景较复杂, 表现出丰富的遗传多样性, 不同品种的再生能力存在差异。本研究以大花三色堇8个品种的叶片和叶柄为实验材料, 筛选并确定适合建立大花三色堇再生体系的品种以及外植体部位, 探讨了不同培养基对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽及不定根分化的影响, 通过重复筛选再生苗, 将高效再生基因型个体进行诱导分化, 成功建立了高效再生体系, 旨在为大花三色堇生物育种及基因功能验证奠定技术基础。
以大花三色堇(Viola × wittrockiana Gams.) 8个品种CJBG、CJCJBG、KJB、PXP、LLBL、SX、KM和ATSL作为实验材料。ATSL购于德国班纳利种子公司(Ernst Benary Samenzucht GmbH), 其余7个品种购于美国泛美种子公司(Pan American Seed Co.)。
选取饱满的大花三色堇种子, 置于已灭菌的5 mL离心管中。在超净工作台上, 用无菌水清洗种子1次, 用70%乙醇消毒30秒, 无菌水冲洗3次。将种子置于5%次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡10分钟, 再用无菌水清洗3次。将消毒后的种子接种在配方为MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1蔗糖的培养基上, 每瓶接种6粒。当幼苗长出7-8片叶子时, 进行愈伤组织诱导。培养条件: 温度(25±1)°C, 光照强度为2 000 µmol·m-2·s-1, 光周期为16小时光照/8小时黑暗。培养基pH5.8-6.0, 添加7 g∙L-1琼脂。
每个品种取约1 cm叶柄和0.5 cm2叶片作为外植体, 进行愈伤组织诱导。将切割的叶柄和叶片横向置于愈伤组织诱导培养基Y1 (1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1蔗糖+ 1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+0.5 mg∙L-1 NAA+3.0 mg∙L-1 GA3)上。暗培养30天, 温度(25±1)°C。观察并记录愈伤组织生长情况, 统计出愈率。
将Y1培养基上获得的愈伤组织转移到分化培养基F (1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1蔗糖+0.1 mg∙L-1 2,4- D+2.0 mg∙L-1 6-BA)上进行分化培养。培养条件同2.1节。30天后统计分化率。
出愈率=(出现愈伤组织的外植体数/外植体总数)× 100%; 分化率=(出现芽点的外植体数/外植体总数)× 100%。
将PXP无菌苗的叶柄分别接种在Y1和Y2培养基上, Y2培养基成分为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1蔗糖+ 1.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+1.5 mg∙L-1 KT。每处理接种50个叶柄, 重复3次。培养30天后统计愈伤组织诱导率并记录生长状态。随后, 将不同类型的愈伤组织转移至分化培养基F上进行分化培养。每处理接种45块愈伤组织, 重复3次。培养条件同2.1节。30天后统计分化率。
将诱导的愈伤组织转移至不同分化培养基上, 进行不定芽诱导。分化培养基以1/2MS为基本培养基, 并添加30 g∙L-1不同种类的糖(蔗糖、海藻糖和麦芽糖)、不同浓度(0.01、0.05和0.1 mg∙L-1)的2,4-D和不同浓度(1、2和3 mg∙L-1)的6-BA。通过正交试验探讨3因素对分化率的影响, 3因素包括糖源种类(A)、2,4-D浓度(B)和6-BA浓度(C), 每个因素均设3个水平。采用L9 (33)正交试验设计筛选最优配方。因素括号内的不同处理依次为该因素的水平1、水平2和水平3。每处理接种60块愈伤组织。培养条件同2.1节。30天后统计分化率。为进一步提高分化率, 将再生苗叶柄作为外植体重新诱导再生, 并统计分化率。
将诱导出的不定芽接种于增殖培养基。增殖培养基成分为MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+6-BA (0.5、1、2和3 mg∙L-1)+0.5 mg∙L-1 2,4-D。培养条件同2.1节。每处理接种15个不定芽, 重复3次。30天后统计增殖系数并记录不定芽状态。增殖系数=增殖芽数/接种芽总数。
再生苗长至2-4 cm时, 将其接种到生根培养基上。生根培养基成分为MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1蔗糖+0.1 mg∙L-1 NAA。培养条件同2.1节。每种处理接种30个再生苗, 重复3次。30天后统计生根率。待再生植株根长至3-5 cm时, 将培养瓶的瓶盖打开, 炼苗3天; 随后移植至覆盖塑料薄膜的泡沫箱中, 逐步揭开薄膜炼苗7天, 将幼苗移栽至基质(蛭石:泥炭土=2:1, v/v)中, 统计移栽成活率并记录幼苗生长状况。生根率= (生根的植株数/接种植株总数)×100%; 移栽成活率= (成活植株数/移栽植株总数)×100%。
利用Excel软件进行数据处理。用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据差异显著性分析。
将不同品种大花三色堇的叶片和叶柄接种于Y1培养基, 3周后, 叶片和叶柄切口处均可诱导产生愈伤组织, 叶片产生的愈伤组织呈白色, 质地柔软; 叶柄产生的愈伤组织呈黄色, 质地较紧密。其中SX的叶柄出愈率最高, 为(95.00±2.72)%, PXP的叶柄出愈率最低, 为(89.38±6.76)%; LLBL的叶片出愈率最高, 为(73.89±3.47)%, CJCJBG的叶片出愈率最低, 为(29.44±6.94)%。8个品种的平均叶柄出愈率为(91.90± 3.01)%, 高于平均叶片出愈率((49.65±3.98)%) (表1)。
在分化培养中, 仅SX和KM两品种的叶片产生的愈伤组织分化出1-2个芽点, 其余品种均未发生芽分化, 说明叶片不适合作为构建大花三色堇再生体系的外植体。用叶柄诱导的愈伤组织普遍能分化出不定芽, 其中PXP的叶柄愈伤组织分化率最高, 为(15.83± 1.44)%, 显著高于其它品种。综合考虑, 确定PXP的叶柄是最佳外植体。
将PXP的叶柄接种于Y1和Y2培养基上。15天后, Y2培养基上的叶柄切口处开始出现愈伤组织。在后期培养中, 与Y1培养基相比, Y2培养基上的愈伤组织生长更旺盛, 诱导的愈伤组织呈现出更明显的黄绿色且质地更为紧密; 而Y1培养基上的愈伤组织则偏白且松软。根据前期的品种筛选结果, 黄绿色的愈伤组织更易分化出不定芽, 后期的分化培养结果也证实了这一点。Y2培养基上诱导的愈伤组织分化率达(18.52± 1.28)%, 而Y1培养基上诱导的愈伤组织分化率仅为(10.37±1.28)%。综上, 确定Y2培养基为后续愈伤组织诱导培养基(表2)。
以Y2培养基诱导的PXP叶柄愈伤组织为实验材料, 进行分化培养基优化。结果表明, 4号实验组愈伤组织分化率(26.67%)最高, 1号和3号实验组愈伤组织分化率(8.33%)最低(表3)。依据均值大小可判断不同水平处理对分化率的影响。通过计算得出KA2>KA3> KA1、KB2>KB1>KB3、KC3>KC2=KC1, 经判断得出A2为A因素的最优水平, B2为B因素的最优水平, C3为C因素的最优水平, 综合判断A2B2C3为最优水平组合。当以PXP叶柄为外植体时, 最佳分化培养基为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.01 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+3 mg∙L-1 6-BA。通过计算极差(R)可得出3因素对分化率的影响主次顺序为A>C>B, 即影响分化率的因素从大到小依次为糖源种类、6-BA浓度和2,4-D浓度。方差分析表明, 糖源种类对分化率的影响具有显著的统计学意义, P值为0.017 (P<0.05), 表明糖源种类对实验结果有显著影响。相比之下, 2,4-D浓度和6-BA浓度的P值分别为0.25和0.2, 说明这2个因素在本实验条件下对结果无显著影响。综上所述, 糖源种类显著影响愈伤组织分化。添加不同种类糖源导致分化率差异显著, 而6-BA浓度和2,4-D浓度对愈伤组织分化影响不显著。取生长状态基本一致的愈伤组织接种于A2B2C3培养基上并验证分化效果, 结果分化率为(27.33±3.06)%, 优于各正交试验处理组, 说明A2B2C3为最适分化培养基。
基因型对再生苗诱导率影响较大(Satyavathi et al., 2004), 而大花三色堇多为实生苗, 同一品种基因型差异可能较大。为富集再生率高的外植体, 我们选取已诱导的再生苗, 以叶柄为外植体, 进行富集诱导。选择Y2培养基为愈伤诱导培养基, A2B2C3为分化诱导培养基。结果显示, 以再生苗叶柄为外植体可明显提高分化率, 富集1次后分化率达(56.67±5.03)%, 比首次诱导提高近1倍; 富集2次后分化率可达(67.33± 3.06)%。以上结果表明, 优选可再生的植株并进行多次诱导筛选对提高不定芽诱导率具有重要作用。
将诱导的不定芽转移至增殖培养基进行增殖培养。10天后, 愈伤组织块上开始出现新的不定芽, 部分愈伤组织块可分化出4个及以上不定芽。30天后, 不同处理间增殖系数存在显著差异。结果显示, 随着6-BA浓度的增高, 增殖系数呈先升高后下降趋势。用于大花三色堇不定芽增殖培养的6-BA最适浓度为1.0 mg∙L-1。在Z2培养基中增殖系数最高, 为3.29±0.22 (表4), 该实验组的不定芽呈鲜绿色且高度最大, 丛生芽紧凑, 生长状态最好。
实验结果表明, 大花三色堇再生不定芽容易生根, 再生苗在生根培养基(1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.1 mg∙L-1 NAA)上培养2周后开始生根, 根系细长, 大部分呈白色, 少部分呈黄色, 生根率为(84.44± 6.93)%。为保持温度和湿度, 使用塑料膜覆盖泡沫箱。经过7天生长, 移栽成活率达85%以上。本研究利用大花三色堇叶柄成功建立了再生体系(图1)。
植物再生体系的建立对于种质资源保护、品种改良、生物育种以及优质种苗扩繁至关重要(Long et al., 2022)。目前, 堇菜属植物组织培养及再生体系建立已有不少报道, 包括香堇菜(V. odorata)、紫花地丁(V. philippica)、匍匐堇菜(V. serpens)以及灰堇菜(V. canescens) (Wijowska et al., 1999; 吴琼等, 2016; Jha et al., 2020; Khajuria et al., 2021)。三色堇作为堇菜属中应用最广泛且经济价值最高的物种, 其高效稳定的再生体系研究报道很少。本研究从不同品种、外植体类型、植物生长调节剂种类和配比以及糖源种类对三色堇离体再生的影响进行探究, 建立了稳定高效的三色堇叶柄离体再生体系, 为其良种扩繁及遗传转化奠定了基础。
研究表明, 在再生体系构建中, 植物再生能力受到基因型显著影响(Satyavathi et al., 2004)。本研究利用8个品种大花三色堇进行再生能力筛选, 结果显示PXP叶柄的初始再生效率最高(表1)。进一步将诱导的再生苗叶柄作为外植体, 经过第2、第3次诱导, 再生分化率明显提高, 可达(67.33±3.06)%, 说明以诱导的再生苗为外植体经过多次富集, 可筛选出高效再生基因型个体, 从而提高整体再生效率。前人对黑麦草(Lolium perenne)的研究表明, 以再生苗为外植体, 可将黑麦草愈伤组织的再生率提高到100% (傅金民等, 2014)。此方法不仅可优化再生体系, 大幅提高再生率, 也为后续遗传转化提供优质的受体材料。然而, 本研究仍存在需进一步探讨的问题。首先, 尽管PXP的再生能力强, 但不同品种间的差异机制仍未被完全揭示。未来可通过分析与再生能力相关的遗传标记, 进一步解析基因型与再生能力之间的关系。其次, 尽管多次富集处理可提高再生效率, 但在大规模应用时, 外植体的选择和培养条件的优化仍是关键因素。如何在不同的环境和条件下稳定获得再生率高的植株, 仍需通过实验验证和优化。
植物生长调节剂广泛应用于植物组织培养, 其中最常用的两大类为生长素和细胞分裂素(杨佳丽等, 2024), 通过调节二者浓度配比能够实现愈伤组织、芽和根的分化。生长素是大多数植物诱导愈伤组织的必要条件(Ma et al., 2022)。在三色堇愈伤组织诱导中, 2,4-D被证实是一种高效的植物生长调节剂(Babber and Kulbhushan, 1991; Wang and Bao, 2007), 但过高浓度的2,4-D易导致植物玻璃化。本研究在进行品种筛选的分化诱导过程中, 发现部分再生苗出现玻璃化现象, 这可能与2,4-D浓度过高有关。因此, 在后续分化培养基筛选中, 设置了较低的2,4-D浓度梯度。高质量的愈伤组织对于大花三色堇再生体系的建立具有重要意义, 本研究与前人得出的结论基本一致(Wang and Bao, 2007)。但高质量愈伤组织的诱导一直是个难题, 这也是大花三色堇作为再生执拗型植物, 其愈伤组织诱导容易, 但芽分化很难的原因。低质量的愈伤组织限制了相关基因的表达, 造成关键分化信号转导受阻, 从而影响分化潜能。其它堇菜属植物离体再生研究表明, KT对愈伤组织诱导效果显著(Khajuria et al., 2021)。本研究中, 后期实验表明添加KT愈伤组织生长更快, 呈黄绿色, 更容易分化。
糖类物质在植物组织培养中兼具营养和调控作用, 使用浓度一般为30 g∙L-1 (Encina et al., 2014)。构建再生体系时, 在基础培养基中添加蔗糖对培养物的生长速率、代谢水平及次生代谢物合成有显著效果(丁世萍, 1998; Ameri et al., 2020)。也有研究发现, 麦芽糖和海藻糖在组织培养中发挥关键作用。20 g∙L-1海藻糖可促进文心兰(Oncidium hybridum)类圆球茎的形成和发育, 添加麦芽糖也能达到类似效果(Jheng et al., 2006; 李雪青等, 2020)。麦芽糖更适合枣(Ziziphus jujuba)愈伤组织的诱导和增值(张梦玲, 2021)。本研究发现, 蔗糖和麦芽糖均不适合大花三色堇的不定芽分化, 30 g∙L-1海藻糖适合大花三色堇的分化培养, 因此确定最佳分化培养基为1/2MS (不含糖)+30 g∙L-1海藻糖+0.05 mg∙L-1 2,4-D+3 mg∙L-1 6-BA (表3)。在Z2培养基上不定芽增殖效率最高, 增殖系数为3.29±0.22 (表4)。随着6-BA浓度的增加, 不定芽的增殖系数先增高后降低。在不定芽增殖实验中, 当6-BA浓度为3 mg∙L-1时, 芽点数量最多。然而, 这些芽点无法成功分化出不定芽, 且出现玻璃化、丛生芽矮小的现象。在后续继代增殖中, 可考虑逐步降低6-BA浓度, 用高浓度6-BA增加芽点, 低浓度6-BA促使芽点正常发育, 以实现不定芽增殖最大化。
综上, 本研究以大花三色堇PXP叶柄为外植体, 通过筛选不同植物生长调节剂的种类及配比、糖源种类以及利用再生苗进行多次诱导筛选, 最终筛选出高效再生的基因型, 成功建立了稳定高效的大花三色堇离体再生体系, 有效解决了三色堇不定芽分化率低的难题, 为今后通过生物技术对大花三色堇进行遗传改良育种提供了技术支撑。
张汝鑫: 完成实验、分析数据和撰写论文; 李晨荣: 完成实验; 王童欣: 分析数据和撰写论文; 黎洁, 李霆格, 赵莹: 分析数据; 许慧娴: 完成实验; 李梅儿: 撰写论文; 彭婷: 分析数据和撰写论文; 王健: 构思并设计实验、分析数据和撰写论文。
  • 贵州省自然科学基金(ZK[2022]095)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32160719)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32060365)
  • 海口市重点科技创新项目(2022-013)
  • 海南省研究生创新科研课题(Qhys20230-215)
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2025年第60卷第6期
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doi: 10.11983/CBB24164
  • 接收时间:2024-10-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28
  • 录用日期:2025-02-22
基金
贵州省自然科学基金(ZK[2022]095)
国家自然科学基金(32160719)
国家自然科学基金(32060365)
海口市重点科技创新项目(2022-013)
海南省研究生创新科研课题(Qhys20230-215)
作者信息
    1 海南大学热带农林学院/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
    2 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025
    3 华中农业大学生命科学技术学院, 武汉 430070

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* 彭婷, 博士, 副教授。主要从事园林植物遗传育种与分子生物学研究。主持完成国家自然科学基金1项, 省部级项目3项。发表学术论文20余篇, 其中SCI收录论文15篇; 参编专著教材3部。参与审定品种1个。E-mail:
王健, 教授, 国家林草局全国林业和草原教学名师, 海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室主任。主要从事园林植物资源生物多样性与改良利用研究。主持完成国家自然科学基金4项, 省部级项目多项。授权国家发明专利5项, 实用新型专利2项。发表学术论文100余篇, 其中SCl收录论文25篇; 出版专著教材7部。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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