Article(id=1320018845096595633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1320018843771187282, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB24098, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB24098, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719504000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1737302400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-20, onlineDate=1792646617434, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792646617434, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792646617434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792646617434, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320018843771187282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='2', pageStart='151', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741536000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792646617118, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792646680189, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320019108373054318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1320018843771187282, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320019108373054319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1320018843771187282, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=218, endPage=234, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320018846900146355, articleId=1320018845096595633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pepper Germplasms Based on Morphological Traits and SSR Markers, columnId=1320018846816260274, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNICATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

INTRODUCTION Genetic diversity is the natural attribute of organisms formed in the long-term evolution process, which refers to the sum of all genetic variations of different individuals within a species or a group. Pepper (Capsicumspp.), a popular vegetable crop in China, is cultivated extensively with a substantial annual yield. Nevertheless, the widespread adoption of commercial pepper varieties has led to a gradual reduction in its genetic diversity, resulting in an increasing homogenization of germplasm resources. Given that germplasm forms the foundation for crop genetic improvement, maintaining rich genetic diversity is crucial for effective breeding.

RATIONALE On the other hand, morphological markers serve as a fundamental approach for investigating plant phenotypic diversity, as they allow researchers to evaluate the variations in marked samples through the observation of plant agronomic traits. On the other hand, molecular markers, particularly SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, have gained widespread application in the breeding of new crop varieties and related fields due to their accuracy and reliability. This study focused on analyzing the diversity of 146 pepper germplasms in Inner Mongolia by employing both morphological traits and SSR markers.

RESULTS We assessed 34 morphological traits of 146 pepper germplasms and evaluated their genetic diversity using 22 pairs of SSR primers. Our analysis revealed a high degree of diversity in the traits of these pepper lines. The results of phenotypic trait diversity analysis showed that the coefficient of variation of quality traits and quantitative traits ranged from 8.22% to 267.58% and 14.35% to 72.51%, respectively, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.04 to 1.91 and 1.58 to 2.02, respectively. The genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources was rich. A total of 102 alleles were detected by 22 pairs of SSR fluorescent molecular markers, with an average of 4.636 alleles per pair of primers. The effective allelic variation ranged from 1.191 to 5.311, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.345 to 2.056, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.153 to 0.795. The average genetic distance of 146 pepper germplasm resources was 0.429. Phenotypic value clustering and principal component analysis categorized the 146 accessions into six distinct groups, while the analysis of the SSR marker data divided them into seven groups. Population genetic structure analysis further delineated the 146 pepper germplasms into two main groups. Most of these germplasms were high-generation breeding lines with high homozygosity. However, gene introgression was observed within Group1 and Group2.

CONCLUSION This study is the systematic analysis of the morphological characteristics, genetic diversity and population structure of 146 pepper germplasms, particularly by utilizing SSR fluorescent molecular markers. The high diversity in both morphological traits and genetic markers of these pepper germplasm resources indicated significant genetic diffe- rences in them. Consequently, this study provides a better understanding of the germplasm diversity and population genetic structure of these 146 pepper germplasms, establishing a theoretical foundation for future variety breeding efforts.

Genetic diversity analysis of 146 pepper germplasms. 146 pepper germplasms were categorized into six groups based on phenotypic markers and seven groups based on molecular markers, but the correlation between these clusters was weak (r=0.3967). Population genetic structure analysis further divided the germplasms into two distinct groups.

, authors=Zhigang Yang1, *, Pengcheng Zhang1, Haiwen Chang1, Liru Kang1, Yi Zuo2, Haoxin Xiang2, Fengying Han1, authorsList=Zhigang Yang, Pengcheng Zhang, Haiwen Chang, Liru Kang, Yi Zuo, Haoxin Xiang, Fengying Han, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhigang Yang, authorNote=

†These authors contributed equally to this paper

, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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分析了146份辣椒(Capsicum spp.)种质资源的形态学性状, 同时利用简单重复序列(SSR)标记分析了其遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。形态学性状多样性分析结果表明, 质量性状和数量性状的变异系数分别为8.22%-267.58%与14.35%- 72.51%, Shannon多样性指数分别为0.04-1.91与1.58-2.02, 说明辣椒种质资源多样性丰富。利用SSR标记从22对引物中检测出102个等位基因, 平均每对引物检测出4.636个等位基因, 有效等位基因变异范围为1.191-5.311, Shannon多样性指数为0.345-2.056, 多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.153-0.795, 146份辣椒种质资源平均遗传距离为0.429。基于表型和分子标记的聚类分析分别将辣椒种质资源分为6类和7类, 但2种聚类结果相关性较弱(r=0.396 7)。群体遗传结构分析将辣椒种质遗传结构分为2组, 不同组之间界限明显。研究阐明了146份辣椒种质资源的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构, 为后续种质鉴定及新品种选育奠定了理论基础。

, authors=杨志刚1, †, *, 张鹏程1, †, 常海文1, 康立茹1, 左毅2, 向浩鑫2, 韩凤英1, authorsList=杨志刚, 张鹏程, 常海文, 康立茹, 左毅, 向浩鑫, 韩凤英, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨志刚, authorNote=

†共同第一作者

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Origin, evolution and cultivation history of the pepper. Acta Hortic Sin 49, 1371-1381. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Origin, evolution and cultivation history of the pepper, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320018862431654210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=null, pageStart=1371, pageEnd=1381, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=44, authorNames=邹学校, 朱凡, journalName=园艺学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹学校, 朱凡 (2022). 辣椒的起源、进化与栽培历史. 园艺学报 49, 1371-1381., articleTitle=辣椒的起源、进化与栽培历史, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1320018857113276689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, awardId=2022JBGS0028, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS0028), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1320018857184579858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, awardId=2019BS03031, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自然科学基金(2019BS03031), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1320018857264271635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, awardId=2021GG0382, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古科技计划(2021GG0382), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320018848884052166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320018848896635079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, companyId=1320018848884052166, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Vegetable and Flower Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320018848905023688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, companyId=1320018848884052166, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 呼和浩特 010031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320018848972132553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320018848984715466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, companyId=1320018848972132553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320018848997298379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, companyId=1320018848972132553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国科学院植物研究所, 植物分子生理学重点实验室, 北京 100093)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320018853137076471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Cluster dendrogram of 146 pepper germplasms based on morphological traits, figureFileSmall=mpBGphLpJKZc4oGWZ3wF3g==, figureFileBig=Ba6AT8xbBf13C4piDYyoKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853216768248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=图1, caption=146份辣椒种质形态学性状聚类, figureFileSmall=mpBGphLpJKZc4oGWZ3wF3g==, figureFileBig=Ba6AT8xbBf13C4piDYyoKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853418094841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Two-dimensional map of principal component analysis of 146 pepper germplasms based on morphological traits, figureFileSmall=/aJtcLpsSXIPNElXNt8Zfg==, figureFileBig=p6mcVXpIDXc/DZAMNOnMJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853497786618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于形态学性状的146份辣椒种质主成分分析二维图, figureFileSmall=/aJtcLpsSXIPNElXNt8Zfg==, figureFileBig=p6mcVXpIDXc/DZAMNOnMJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853573284091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Sequencing of amplification products of samples at the SSR locus Epms697

(A) Heterozygous genotype AB (118 bp/121 bp); (B) Homozygous genotype AA (118 bp); (C) Homozygous genotype BB (121 bp)

, figureFileSmall=Jb/uu5Yq+bSUjubatGIzPQ==, figureFileBig=DKTI4Do66e9Uw08X/7Ohbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853652975868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=图3, caption=样本在SSR位点Epms697上的扩增产物测序

(A) 杂合基因型AB (118 bp/121 bp); (B) 纯合基因型AA (118 bp); (C) 纯合基因型BB (121 bp)

, figureFileSmall=Jb/uu5Yq+bSUjubatGIzPQ==, figureFileBig=DKTI4Do66e9Uw08X/7Ohbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853724279037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Trend of ΔK with K value, figureFileSmall=H4E+F6T6Qou1go+GipPliQ==, figureFileBig=ebwEc9wFuk+96U6m4h/rSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853799776510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ΔK随K值的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=H4E+F6T6Qou1go+GipPliQ==, figureFileBig=ebwEc9wFuk+96U6m4h/rSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853871079679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Population genetic structure map of 146 pepper germplasms (K=2), figureFileSmall=2LE8T/zpFm/FUnhiUUQVPA==, figureFileBig=yioZU3Sn5S/x4rmKglbKLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018853938188544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=图5, caption=146份辣椒种质群体遗传结构图(K=2), figureFileSmall=2LE8T/zpFm/FUnhiUUQVPA==, figureFileBig=yioZU3Sn5S/x4rmKglbKLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018854009491713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Population genetic structure map of 146 pepper germplasms (K=6), figureFileSmall=mjdLEgQrGZXqdnSXQ3tCZA==, figureFileBig=GreRXubNb8jz5vaWSoCY6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018855678824706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=图6, caption=146份辣椒种质群体遗传结构图(K=6), figureFileSmall=mjdLEgQrGZXqdnSXQ3tCZA==, figureFileBig=GreRXubNb8jz5vaWSoCY6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018855775293699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Cluster map of 146 pepper germplasms based on SSR markers, figureFileSmall=C+281u5aG9Cy93Wo1Dv0Hg==, figureFileBig=r5kuKj0OKOa8mmwABWhZow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018855842402564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于SSR标记的146份辣椒种质聚类图, figureFileSmall=C+281u5aG9Cy93Wo1Dv0Hg==, figureFileBig=r5kuKj0OKOa8mmwABWhZow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018855930482949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

SSR primer information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer number Primer name Fluorescence labeling Forward primer (5′-3′) Reverse primer (5′-3′)
SPE13293 SPE13293_Es330 5′-ROX GTAGCCATGGCAGAATTGGAAG TTCAGCAGGTTCTGGTTCTGGT
SPE13295 SPE13295_Esl05 5′-HEX CGCATCTACATCAAGAATCAACCA GATGTAGAACAAGGAAGCAGGGG
SPE13297 SPE13297_Es363 5′-TAMRA GAGGAATTTTGGAGCCACACAC AGGTGAAATGGGCAGTGGTAGA
SPE13299 SPE13299_Epms-923 5′-FAM CAAAACCAAATAGGTCCCCC CGCGCAATAATTCAATATCG
SPE13301 SPE13301_Hpmsl-214 5′-TAMRA TGCGAGTACCGAGTTCTTTCTAG GGCAGTCCTGGGACAACTCG
SPE13303 SPE13303_Epms697 5′-ROX ATGTCGCTCGCAATTTCACT CGTAGGGAGGAGCGATAGAG
SPE13305 SPE13305_Es201 5′-TAMRA CGGCCAAATTATTTTTCCCAGT TTCCCATAGTTGAAGAGCCTGC
SPE13307 SPE13307_Es110 5′-HEX TACGGTTCCTCATCCCAGAAGA AGGATGACCAATGTTTTGCCTC
SPE13309 SPE13309_Es212 5′-TAMRA CCCTTCCCTTTTCTCCCTTCTT CCAGAAACAGCCATTGATGATG
SPE13311 SPE13311_Es120 5′-ROX GCGGCCTTTTGATTCATACAAT CGTTTTACTGCCCTATCTGCTTG
SPE13313 SPE13313_Es285 5′-HEX GCACGAGGCAACAAAAGAGAAT CGCTGAGCGAGACAGAGAGAG
SPE13315 SPE13315_Es292 5′-TAMRA TCCCATTTCGCAAGAAAGAAAA TCCGATACAGCTGCAGTAGAAAAA
SPE13317 SPE13317_Es297 5′-FAM TCAGCGATTAAGAATGCGATTG CCAAATTGCCCTCTCTCTTCCT
SPE13319 SPE13319_Es395 5′-ROX TGTAATTAATTGAGGTGCGCGA TCTCTGGTTGACAATTAGGCCC
SPE13321 SPE13321_Hpmsl-106 5′-FAM TCCAAACTACAAGCCTGCCTAACC TTTTGCATTATTGAGTCCCACAGC
SPE13323 SPE13323_Epms712 5′-FAM CCACAAAGGGTTTAAGCAGC AAGGCAGGAGCAGAGTTCAA
SPE13325 SPE13325_Es417 5′-TAMRA AATGCGGAGGAAGAAGAGGAAG TAGTCCTTATCACCGACACGGC
SPE13327 SPE13327_Es321 5′-HEX ACGAGGTCCACTTCCCCATTAT TTAGAGAAGGAATAACCGGCAGC
SPE13329 SPE13329_Esl67 5′-HEX CGCGATTCGATTGCTAAATCTC CTAATTTCCCAGTTGCGTCTGC
SPE13331 SPE13331_Es64 5′-HEX TTCGGCTATTTGAACAGAAGCA TGATCCCTTCTTGTTTGATTTTTG
SPE13333 SPE13333_Esl33 5′-ROX TTTTGGGGTTCAATAAAGCTGTG TTCAACAAGATCATCAATTCACCA
SPE13335 SPE13335_Hpmsl-5 5′-FAM CCAAACGAACCGATGAACACTC GACAATGTTGAAAAAGGTGGAAGAC
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856035340550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SSR引物信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer number Primer name Fluorescence labeling Forward primer (5′-3′) Reverse primer (5′-3′)
SPE13293 SPE13293_Es330 5′-ROX GTAGCCATGGCAGAATTGGAAG TTCAGCAGGTTCTGGTTCTGGT
SPE13295 SPE13295_Esl05 5′-HEX CGCATCTACATCAAGAATCAACCA GATGTAGAACAAGGAAGCAGGGG
SPE13297 SPE13297_Es363 5′-TAMRA GAGGAATTTTGGAGCCACACAC AGGTGAAATGGGCAGTGGTAGA
SPE13299 SPE13299_Epms-923 5′-FAM CAAAACCAAATAGGTCCCCC CGCGCAATAATTCAATATCG
SPE13301 SPE13301_Hpmsl-214 5′-TAMRA TGCGAGTACCGAGTTCTTTCTAG GGCAGTCCTGGGACAACTCG
SPE13303 SPE13303_Epms697 5′-ROX ATGTCGCTCGCAATTTCACT CGTAGGGAGGAGCGATAGAG
SPE13305 SPE13305_Es201 5′-TAMRA CGGCCAAATTATTTTTCCCAGT TTCCCATAGTTGAAGAGCCTGC
SPE13307 SPE13307_Es110 5′-HEX TACGGTTCCTCATCCCAGAAGA AGGATGACCAATGTTTTGCCTC
SPE13309 SPE13309_Es212 5′-TAMRA CCCTTCCCTTTTCTCCCTTCTT CCAGAAACAGCCATTGATGATG
SPE13311 SPE13311_Es120 5′-ROX GCGGCCTTTTGATTCATACAAT CGTTTTACTGCCCTATCTGCTTG
SPE13313 SPE13313_Es285 5′-HEX GCACGAGGCAACAAAAGAGAAT CGCTGAGCGAGACAGAGAGAG
SPE13315 SPE13315_Es292 5′-TAMRA TCCCATTTCGCAAGAAAGAAAA TCCGATACAGCTGCAGTAGAAAAA
SPE13317 SPE13317_Es297 5′-FAM TCAGCGATTAAGAATGCGATTG CCAAATTGCCCTCTCTCTTCCT
SPE13319 SPE13319_Es395 5′-ROX TGTAATTAATTGAGGTGCGCGA TCTCTGGTTGACAATTAGGCCC
SPE13321 SPE13321_Hpmsl-106 5′-FAM TCCAAACTACAAGCCTGCCTAACC TTTTGCATTATTGAGTCCCACAGC
SPE13323 SPE13323_Epms712 5′-FAM CCACAAAGGGTTTAAGCAGC AAGGCAGGAGCAGAGTTCAA
SPE13325 SPE13325_Es417 5′-TAMRA AATGCGGAGGAAGAAGAGGAAG TAGTCCTTATCACCGACACGGC
SPE13327 SPE13327_Es321 5′-HEX ACGAGGTCCACTTCCCCATTAT TTAGAGAAGGAATAACCGGCAGC
SPE13329 SPE13329_Esl67 5′-HEX CGCGATTCGATTGCTAAATCTC CTAATTTCCCAGTTGCGTCTGC
SPE13331 SPE13331_Es64 5′-HEX TTCGGCTATTTGAACAGAAGCA TGATCCCTTCTTGTTTGATTTTTG
SPE13333 SPE13333_Esl33 5′-ROX TTTTGGGGTTCAATAAAGCTGTG TTCAACAAGATCATCAATTCACCA
SPE13335 SPE13335_Hpmsl-5 5′-FAM CCAAACGAACCGATGAACACTC GACAATGTTGAAAAAGGTGGAAGAC
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856131809543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variation pattern of qualitative traits of 146 pepper germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Order Traits Distribution frequency (%) Coefficient of variation (%) Shannon-
Wiener diversity index
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 PS 4.8 14.4 80.8 19.17 0.60
2 RA 51.4 41.8 6.9 30.26 0.89
3 MSC 6.9 21.2 45.9 6.9 19.2 37.03 1.37
4 SV 60.3 26.0 11.0 2.7 141.78 1.00
5 MA 21.9 39.7 38.4 24.06 1.07
6 PH 24.7 56.9 18.5 33.86 0.98
7 CL 1.4 9.6 47.3 41.8 21.14 1.00
8 LM 93.8 6.2 22.73 0.23
9 LSV 85.6 13.0 0.7 0.7 267.58 0.47
10 FF 89.7 10.3 27.63 0.33
11 CC 99.3 0.7 8.22 0.04
12 AC 0.7 2.7 5.5 15.1 40.4 35.6 20.93 1.31
13 SC 83.6 16.4 55.98 0.45
14 NF 96.6 3.4 17.64 0.15
15 SL 1.4 16.4 82.2 15.26 0.52
16 PP 30.1 48.0 21.9 37.50 1.05
17 FT 6.9 2.7 0.7 21.9 4.8 19.2 24.0 19.9 23.52 1.91
18 FTS 82.2 12.3 3.4 2.1 49.41 0.61
19 GFC 6.2 78.8 15.1 8.91 0.64
20 MF 0.7 72.6 26.7 13.98 0.62
21 FTC 42.5 56.9 0.7 32.15 0.72
22 FS 89.0 6.9 4.1 39.98 0.42
23 FSR 69.9 28.1 2.1 158.75 0.69
24 FBC 7.5 43.2 49.3 26.05 0.91
25 FSC 45.2 47.3 5.5 2.1 105.96 0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856316358920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

146份辣椒种质的质量性状变化特点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Order Traits Distribution frequency (%) Coefficient of variation (%) Shannon-
Wiener diversity index
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 PS 4.8 14.4 80.8 19.17 0.60
2 RA 51.4 41.8 6.9 30.26 0.89
3 MSC 6.9 21.2 45.9 6.9 19.2 37.03 1.37
4 SV 60.3 26.0 11.0 2.7 141.78 1.00
5 MA 21.9 39.7 38.4 24.06 1.07
6 PH 24.7 56.9 18.5 33.86 0.98
7 CL 1.4 9.6 47.3 41.8 21.14 1.00
8 LM 93.8 6.2 22.73 0.23
9 LSV 85.6 13.0 0.7 0.7 267.58 0.47
10 FF 89.7 10.3 27.63 0.33
11 CC 99.3 0.7 8.22 0.04
12 AC 0.7 2.7 5.5 15.1 40.4 35.6 20.93 1.31
13 SC 83.6 16.4 55.98 0.45
14 NF 96.6 3.4 17.64 0.15
15 SL 1.4 16.4 82.2 15.26 0.52
16 PP 30.1 48.0 21.9 37.50 1.05
17 FT 6.9 2.7 0.7 21.9 4.8 19.2 24.0 19.9 23.52 1.91
18 FTS 82.2 12.3 3.4 2.1 49.41 0.61
19 GFC 6.2 78.8 15.1 8.91 0.64
20 MF 0.7 72.6 26.7 13.98 0.62
21 FTC 42.5 56.9 0.7 32.15 0.72
22 FS 89.0 6.9 4.1 39.98 0.42
23 FSR 69.9 28.1 2.1 158.75 0.69
24 FBC 7.5 43.2 49.3 26.05 0.91
25 FSC 45.2 47.3 5.5 2.1 105.96 0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856404439305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variation pattern of quantitative traits of 146 pepper germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Order Traits Means ± SD Range Coefficient of variation (%) Shannon-Wiener diversity index
1 LB (cm) 13.00±2.76 7.94-22.88 21.25 2.02
2 BW (cm) 6.40±1.63 3.42-11.70 25.48 2.06
3 PL (cm) 6.87±1.92 3.22-12.70 27.95 1.98
4 FFN 10.45±2.78 5.00-18.00 26.62 2.00
5 FRL (cm) 7.92±1.16 5.08-11.87 14.70 1.91
6 FW (cm) 6.96±1.00 4.61-10.39 14.35 1.94
7 FRW (g) 19.82±14.37 1.86-80.00 72.51 1.84
8 FTH (cm) 0.25±0.08 0.09-0.23 34.04 1.93
9 LN 2.28±0.36 2.00-3.60 15.97 1.58
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856475742474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

146份辣椒种质的数量性状变化特点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Order Traits Means ± SD Range Coefficient of variation (%) Shannon-Wiener diversity index
1 LB (cm) 13.00±2.76 7.94-22.88 21.25 2.02
2 BW (cm) 6.40±1.63 3.42-11.70 25.48 2.06
3 PL (cm) 6.87±1.92 3.22-12.70 27.95 1.98
4 FFN 10.45±2.78 5.00-18.00 26.62 2.00
5 FRL (cm) 7.92±1.16 5.08-11.87 14.70 1.91
6 FW (cm) 6.96±1.00 4.61-10.39 14.35 1.94
7 FRW (g) 19.82±14.37 1.86-80.00 72.51 1.84
8 FTH (cm) 0.25±0.08 0.09-0.23 34.04 1.93
9 LN 2.28±0.36 2.00-3.60 15.97 1.58
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856555434251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Correlation coefficient of quantitative traits of 146 pepper germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Traits LB BW PL FFN FRL FW FRW FTH LN
LB 1.00
BW 0.88** 1.00
PL 0.72** 0.72** 1.00
FFN 0.23** 0.10 0.28** 1.00
FRL -0.28** -0.29** -0.23** -0.07 1.00
FW 0.23** 0.31** 0.04 -0.26** -0.10 1.00
FRW 0.18* 0.22** 0.05 -0.25** 0.24** 0.81** 1.00
FTH 0.14 0.21* 0.04 -0.32** 0.05 0.71** 0.80** 1.00
LN 0.13 0.15 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.47** 0.42** 0.31** 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856626737420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

146份辣椒种质数量性状相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Traits LB BW PL FFN FRL FW FRW FTH LN
LB 1.00
BW 0.88** 1.00
PL 0.72** 0.72** 1.00
FFN 0.23** 0.10 0.28** 1.00
FRL -0.28** -0.29** -0.23** -0.07 1.00
FW 0.23** 0.31** 0.04 -0.26** -0.10 1.00
FRW 0.18* 0.22** 0.05 -0.25** 0.24** 0.81** 1.00
FTH 0.14 0.21* 0.04 -0.32** 0.05 0.71** 0.80** 1.00
LN 0.13 0.15 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.47** 0.42** 0.31** 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856689651981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Principal component analysis of pepper germplasm resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Traits Principal component
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11
FW 0.876 -0.315 -0.119 0.048 -0.052 0.039 0.106 0.105 0.008 0.053 0.055
FBC -0.744 0.184 0.023 -0.455 0.041 0.037 -0.149 -0.038 0.095 0.009 -0.031
FSC 0.712 -0.234 0.005 0.487 -0.033 -0.161 0.145 0.095 -0.128 0.001 -0.019
FRW 0.688 -0.430 0.008 -0.287 -0.122 0.050 0.225 0.268 0.090 0.092 0.057
FTH 0.658 -0.262 -0.151 -0.266 -0.306 0.072 0.190 0.237 0.188 0.099 -0.007
FT -0.626 -0.042 0.133 -0.397 -0.034 -0.031 0.018 0.034 0.059 0.056 0.045
LN 0.512 -0.295 0.320 -0.039 0.060 -0.021 0.043 -0.291 0.237 -0.019 0.277
FTC 0.506 0.319 -0.391 0.167 0.042 -0.243 0.039 -0.129 0.143 0.160 -0.043
SL -0.502 0.065 -0.115 0.176 -0.024 -0.173 0.287 0.095 0.111 0.463 0.043
MA -0.065 0.714 0.220 0.007 -0.256 -0.009 0.192 0.141 -0.026 -0.143 -0.023
LB 0.478 0.628 0.354 -0.152 0.092 -0.010 0.182 0.158 -0.096 0.062 -0.021
PL 0.344 0.623 0.357 -0.179 0.128 0.258 0.015 0.085 -0.166 0.056 -0.028
BW 0.585 0.606 0.192 -0.256 0.126 0.030 0.125 0.021 -0.100 0.081 -0.012
PS 0.212 0.528 0.056 -0.100 -0.114 -0.027 0.066 0.064 0.476 -0.333 0.308
FRL -0.298 -0.525 0.113 -0.455 0.222 0.074 0.230 0.189 -0.028 -0.010 0.119
PH -0.343 -0.518 0.260 0.141 -0.141 -0.036 0.043 0.171 0.203 0.001 0.031
FSR 0.269 -0.449 0.212 0.313 0.319 0.173 -0.100 -0.183 -0.203 0.022 0.120
CL -0.339 0.404 -0.194 0.330 0.101 0.239 0.063 0.234 0.029 -0.003 0.157
AC -0.326 0.362 -0.145 0.308 0.216 0.046 0.296 0.026 0.075 -0.150 0.318
FFN -0.141 0.267 0.655 0.278 0.008 -0.047 0.155 -0.146 -0.078 -0.143 -0.043
MF 0.115 0.411 -0.555 0.025 0.322 -0.039 0.190 -0.157 -0.018 -0.104 0.035
FF 0.318 0.117 0.554 -0.115 -0.025 -0.083 -0.080 -0.262 0.204 0.191 -0.238
SV -0.182 -0.341 0.417 0.303 -0.075 0.089 0.337 -0.190 0.067 -0.112 0.182
FTS 0.216 -0.162 -0.153 -0.030 0.672 0.001 -0.169 0.078 0.065 -0.167 0.046
NF 0.009 0.070 0.207 0.169 0.545 0.222 -0.135 0.294 0.116 0.172 -0.298
GFC -0.106 0.115 -0.033 0.272 -0.517 0.366 -0.002 0.184 -0.084 -0.070 -0.123
RA 0.186 -0.107 -0.100 -0.051 0.201 0.694 0.001 0.157 0.112 -0.086 -0.014
LSV -0.328 -0.271 0.167 0.002 -0.010 0.477 0.310 -0.104 -0.100 0.068 0.036
FS -0.188 -0.119 0.410 0.130 0.330 -0.432 0.129 0.358 -0.094 0.070 -0.002
PP 0.270 0.071 0.104 0.144 -0.276 0.169 -0.519 -0.007 -0.210 -0.077 0.069
SC -0.125 0.003 -0.296 -0.032 -0.062 0.053 0.512 -0.109 -0.318 0.089 -0.260
MSC -0.197 0.119 0.047 0.391 -0.117 -0.013 -0.224 0.407 0.287 0.236 -0.004
LM 0.008 -0.235 0.042 -0.125 -0.061 -0.317 -0.019 0.418 -0.336 -0.492 0.001
CC 0.011 0.184 0.022 -0.136 -0.065 0.001 -0.205 0.075 -0.380 0.433 0.631
Characteristic value 5.67 4.24 2.44 1.99 1.85 1.52 1.44 1.27 1.12 1.09 1.01
Variance contribution rate (%) 16.66
12.46
7.18
5.86
5.43
4.47
4.23
3.74
3.29
3.21
2.98
Cumulative contribution rate (%) 16.66
29.13
36.31
42.17
47.60
52.07
56.30
60.04
63.33
66.54
69.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856781926670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

辣椒种质资源主成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Traits Principal component
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11
FW 0.876 -0.315 -0.119 0.048 -0.052 0.039 0.106 0.105 0.008 0.053 0.055
FBC -0.744 0.184 0.023 -0.455 0.041 0.037 -0.149 -0.038 0.095 0.009 -0.031
FSC 0.712 -0.234 0.005 0.487 -0.033 -0.161 0.145 0.095 -0.128 0.001 -0.019
FRW 0.688 -0.430 0.008 -0.287 -0.122 0.050 0.225 0.268 0.090 0.092 0.057
FTH 0.658 -0.262 -0.151 -0.266 -0.306 0.072 0.190 0.237 0.188 0.099 -0.007
FT -0.626 -0.042 0.133 -0.397 -0.034 -0.031 0.018 0.034 0.059 0.056 0.045
LN 0.512 -0.295 0.320 -0.039 0.060 -0.021 0.043 -0.291 0.237 -0.019 0.277
FTC 0.506 0.319 -0.391 0.167 0.042 -0.243 0.039 -0.129 0.143 0.160 -0.043
SL -0.502 0.065 -0.115 0.176 -0.024 -0.173 0.287 0.095 0.111 0.463 0.043
MA -0.065 0.714 0.220 0.007 -0.256 -0.009 0.192 0.141 -0.026 -0.143 -0.023
LB 0.478 0.628 0.354 -0.152 0.092 -0.010 0.182 0.158 -0.096 0.062 -0.021
PL 0.344 0.623 0.357 -0.179 0.128 0.258 0.015 0.085 -0.166 0.056 -0.028
BW 0.585 0.606 0.192 -0.256 0.126 0.030 0.125 0.021 -0.100 0.081 -0.012
PS 0.212 0.528 0.056 -0.100 -0.114 -0.027 0.066 0.064 0.476 -0.333 0.308
FRL -0.298 -0.525 0.113 -0.455 0.222 0.074 0.230 0.189 -0.028 -0.010 0.119
PH -0.343 -0.518 0.260 0.141 -0.141 -0.036 0.043 0.171 0.203 0.001 0.031
FSR 0.269 -0.449 0.212 0.313 0.319 0.173 -0.100 -0.183 -0.203 0.022 0.120
CL -0.339 0.404 -0.194 0.330 0.101 0.239 0.063 0.234 0.029 -0.003 0.157
AC -0.326 0.362 -0.145 0.308 0.216 0.046 0.296 0.026 0.075 -0.150 0.318
FFN -0.141 0.267 0.655 0.278 0.008 -0.047 0.155 -0.146 -0.078 -0.143 -0.043
MF 0.115 0.411 -0.555 0.025 0.322 -0.039 0.190 -0.157 -0.018 -0.104 0.035
FF 0.318 0.117 0.554 -0.115 -0.025 -0.083 -0.080 -0.262 0.204 0.191 -0.238
SV -0.182 -0.341 0.417 0.303 -0.075 0.089 0.337 -0.190 0.067 -0.112 0.182
FTS 0.216 -0.162 -0.153 -0.030 0.672 0.001 -0.169 0.078 0.065 -0.167 0.046
NF 0.009 0.070 0.207 0.169 0.545 0.222 -0.135 0.294 0.116 0.172 -0.298
GFC -0.106 0.115 -0.033 0.272 -0.517 0.366 -0.002 0.184 -0.084 -0.070 -0.123
RA 0.186 -0.107 -0.100 -0.051 0.201 0.694 0.001 0.157 0.112 -0.086 -0.014
LSV -0.328 -0.271 0.167 0.002 -0.010 0.477 0.310 -0.104 -0.100 0.068 0.036
FS -0.188 -0.119 0.410 0.130 0.330 -0.432 0.129 0.358 -0.094 0.070 -0.002
PP 0.270 0.071 0.104 0.144 -0.276 0.169 -0.519 -0.007 -0.210 -0.077 0.069
SC -0.125 0.003 -0.296 -0.032 -0.062 0.053 0.512 -0.109 -0.318 0.089 -0.260
MSC -0.197 0.119 0.047 0.391 -0.117 -0.013 -0.224 0.407 0.287 0.236 -0.004
LM 0.008 -0.235 0.042 -0.125 -0.061 -0.317 -0.019 0.418 -0.336 -0.492 0.001
CC 0.011 0.184 0.022 -0.136 -0.065 0.001 -0.205 0.075 -0.380 0.433 0.631
Characteristic value 5.67 4.24 2.44 1.99 1.85 1.52 1.44 1.27 1.12 1.09 1.01
Variance contribution rate (%) 16.66
12.46
7.18
5.86
5.43
4.47
4.23
3.74
3.29
3.21
2.98
Cumulative contribution rate (%) 16.66
29.13
36.31
42.17
47.60
52.07
56.30
60.04
63.33
66.54
69.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856870007055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Polymorphism of 22 pair SSR markers in 146 pepper germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SSR locus Number of alleles
per locus (Na)
Number of effective alleles
per locus (Ne)
Proportion of Ne (%) Shannon-Wiener
diversity
index (I)
Observed
heterozygosity (Ho)
Expected
heterozygosity (He)
Polymorphism information content
Epms697 3 1.847 61.57 0.701 0.082 0.459 0.365
Epms712 3 1.981 66.03 0.738 0.068 0.495 0.386
Epms923 6 2.282 38.03 0.965 0.082 0.562 0.469
Es110 4 1.528 38.20 0.589 0.103 0.346 0.297
Es120 8 3.816 47.70 1.509 0.137 0.738 0.696
Es201 4 1.383 34.58 0.525 0.048 0.277 0.250
Es212 4 1.191 29.78 0.354 0.007 0.160 0.153
Es285 3 1.404 46.80 0.507 0.014 0.288 0.253
Es292 3 2.067 68.90 0.863 0.041 0.516 0.446
Es297 4 1.974 49.35 0.786 0.082 0.493 0.397
Es321 7 1.949 27.84 0.884 0.116 0.487 0.417
Es330 3 2.061 68.70 0.889 0.062 0.515 0.461
Es363 6 2.443 40.72 1.010 0.139 0.591 0.505
Es395 3 1.730 57.67 0.749 0.057 0.422 0.379
Es417 5 1.380 27.60 0.557 0.041 0.275 0.253
Es64 5 1.600 32.00 0.723 0.062 0.375 0.338
Esl05 3 1.442 48.07 0.528 0.055 0.306 0.267
Esl33 3 1.408 46.93 0.546 0.062 0.290 0.265
Esl67 4 2.245 56.13 0.959 0.048 0.555 0.490
Hpmsl-106 2 1.914 95.70 0.671 0.048 0.478 0.364
Hpmsl-214 6 1.981 33.02 1.032 0.027 0.495 0.465
Hpmsl-5 13 5.311 40.85 2.056 0.097 0.812 0.795
Mean 4.636 2.043 44.07 0.825 0.067 0.452 0.396
), ArticleFig(id=1320018856995836176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018845096595633, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

22对SSR标记引物在146份辣椒种质中的多态性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SSR locus Number of alleles
per locus (Na)
Number of effective alleles
per locus (Ne)
Proportion of Ne (%) Shannon-Wiener
diversity
index (I)
Observed
heterozygosity (Ho)
Expected
heterozygosity (He)
Polymorphism information content
Epms697 3 1.847 61.57 0.701 0.082 0.459 0.365
Epms712 3 1.981 66.03 0.738 0.068 0.495 0.386
Epms923 6 2.282 38.03 0.965 0.082 0.562 0.469
Es110 4 1.528 38.20 0.589 0.103 0.346 0.297
Es120 8 3.816 47.70 1.509 0.137 0.738 0.696
Es201 4 1.383 34.58 0.525 0.048 0.277 0.250
Es212 4 1.191 29.78 0.354 0.007 0.160 0.153
Es285 3 1.404 46.80 0.507 0.014 0.288 0.253
Es292 3 2.067 68.90 0.863 0.041 0.516 0.446
Es297 4 1.974 49.35 0.786 0.082 0.493 0.397
Es321 7 1.949 27.84 0.884 0.116 0.487 0.417
Es330 3 2.061 68.70 0.889 0.062 0.515 0.461
Es363 6 2.443 40.72 1.010 0.139 0.591 0.505
Es395 3 1.730 57.67 0.749 0.057 0.422 0.379
Es417 5 1.380 27.60 0.557 0.041 0.275 0.253
Es64 5 1.600 32.00 0.723 0.062 0.375 0.338
Esl05 3 1.442 48.07 0.528 0.055 0.306 0.267
Esl33 3 1.408 46.93 0.546 0.062 0.290 0.265
Esl67 4 2.245 56.13 0.959 0.048 0.555 0.490
Hpmsl-106 2 1.914 95.70 0.671 0.048 0.478 0.364
Hpmsl-214 6 1.981 33.02 1.032 0.027 0.495 0.465
Hpmsl-5 13 5.311 40.85 2.056 0.097 0.812 0.795
Mean 4.636 2.043 44.07 0.825 0.067 0.452 0.396
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基于形态学性状和SSR标记的辣椒种质资源遗传多样性分析
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杨志刚 1, †, * , 张鹏程 1, † , 常海文 1 , 康立茹 1 , 左毅 2 , 向浩鑫 2 , 韩凤英 1
植物学报 | 研究报告 2025,60(2): 218-234
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植物学报 |研究报告 2025 , 60 (2) : 218 -234
基于形态学性状和SSR标记的辣椒种质资源遗传多样性分析
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杨志刚1, †, * , 张鹏程1, †, 常海文1, 康立茹1, 左毅2, 向浩鑫2, 韩凤英1
作者信息
  • 1内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 呼和浩特 010031
  • 2中国科学院植物研究所, 植物分子生理学重点实验室, 北京 100093
通讯作者:
作者简介:

†共同第一作者

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pepper Germplasms Based on Morphological Traits and SSR Markers
Zhigang Yang1, * , Pengcheng Zhang1, Haiwen Chang1, Liru Kang1, Yi Zuo2, Haoxin Xiang2, Fengying Han1
Affiliations
  • 1Vegetable and Flower Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB24098
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分析了146份辣椒(Capsicum spp.)种质资源的形态学性状, 同时利用简单重复序列(SSR)标记分析了其遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。形态学性状多样性分析结果表明, 质量性状和数量性状的变异系数分别为8.22%-267.58%与14.35%- 72.51%, Shannon多样性指数分别为0.04-1.91与1.58-2.02, 说明辣椒种质资源多样性丰富。利用SSR标记从22对引物中检测出102个等位基因, 平均每对引物检测出4.636个等位基因, 有效等位基因变异范围为1.191-5.311, Shannon多样性指数为0.345-2.056, 多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.153-0.795, 146份辣椒种质资源平均遗传距离为0.429。基于表型和分子标记的聚类分析分别将辣椒种质资源分为6类和7类, 但2种聚类结果相关性较弱(r=0.396 7)。群体遗传结构分析将辣椒种质遗传结构分为2组, 不同组之间界限明显。研究阐明了146份辣椒种质资源的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构, 为后续种质鉴定及新品种选育奠定了理论基础。

辣椒  /  形态学性状  /  分子标记  /  遗传多样性

INTRODUCTION Genetic diversity is the natural attribute of organisms formed in the long-term evolution process, which refers to the sum of all genetic variations of different individuals within a species or a group. Pepper (Capsicumspp.), a popular vegetable crop in China, is cultivated extensively with a substantial annual yield. Nevertheless, the widespread adoption of commercial pepper varieties has led to a gradual reduction in its genetic diversity, resulting in an increasing homogenization of germplasm resources. Given that germplasm forms the foundation for crop genetic improvement, maintaining rich genetic diversity is crucial for effective breeding.

RATIONALE On the other hand, morphological markers serve as a fundamental approach for investigating plant phenotypic diversity, as they allow researchers to evaluate the variations in marked samples through the observation of plant agronomic traits. On the other hand, molecular markers, particularly SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, have gained widespread application in the breeding of new crop varieties and related fields due to their accuracy and reliability. This study focused on analyzing the diversity of 146 pepper germplasms in Inner Mongolia by employing both morphological traits and SSR markers.

RESULTS We assessed 34 morphological traits of 146 pepper germplasms and evaluated their genetic diversity using 22 pairs of SSR primers. Our analysis revealed a high degree of diversity in the traits of these pepper lines. The results of phenotypic trait diversity analysis showed that the coefficient of variation of quality traits and quantitative traits ranged from 8.22% to 267.58% and 14.35% to 72.51%, respectively, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.04 to 1.91 and 1.58 to 2.02, respectively. The genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources was rich. A total of 102 alleles were detected by 22 pairs of SSR fluorescent molecular markers, with an average of 4.636 alleles per pair of primers. The effective allelic variation ranged from 1.191 to 5.311, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.345 to 2.056, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.153 to 0.795. The average genetic distance of 146 pepper germplasm resources was 0.429. Phenotypic value clustering and principal component analysis categorized the 146 accessions into six distinct groups, while the analysis of the SSR marker data divided them into seven groups. Population genetic structure analysis further delineated the 146 pepper germplasms into two main groups. Most of these germplasms were high-generation breeding lines with high homozygosity. However, gene introgression was observed within Group1 and Group2.

CONCLUSION This study is the systematic analysis of the morphological characteristics, genetic diversity and population structure of 146 pepper germplasms, particularly by utilizing SSR fluorescent molecular markers. The high diversity in both morphological traits and genetic markers of these pepper germplasm resources indicated significant genetic diffe- rences in them. Consequently, this study provides a better understanding of the germplasm diversity and population genetic structure of these 146 pepper germplasms, establishing a theoretical foundation for future variety breeding efforts.

Genetic diversity analysis of 146 pepper germplasms. 146 pepper germplasms were categorized into six groups based on phenotypic markers and seven groups based on molecular markers, but the correlation between these clusters was weak (r=0.3967). Population genetic structure analysis further divided the germplasms into two distinct groups.

pepper  /  morphological traits  /  molecular markers  /  genetic diversity
杨志刚, 张鹏程, 常海文, 康立茹, 左毅, 向浩鑫, 韩凤英. 基于形态学性状和SSR标记的辣椒种质资源遗传多样性分析. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (2) : 218 -234 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24098
Zhigang Yang, Pengcheng Zhang, Haiwen Chang, Liru Kang, Yi Zuo, Haoxin Xiang, Fengying Han. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pepper Germplasms Based on Morphological Traits and SSR Markers[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (2) : 218 -234 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24098
辣椒是茄科(Solanaceae)辣椒属(Capsicum)一年生或多年生植物, 其中栽培种有5个, 分别为一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum)、中国辣椒(C. chinense)、灌木状辣椒(C. frutescens)、柔毛辣椒(C. pubesens)和下垂辣椒(C. baccatum var. pendulum) (邹学校和朱凡, 2022)。通过对下垂辣椒和一年生辣椒全基因组驯化区间进行鉴定, 发现与其相应的野生祖先相比2种驯化辣椒果实明显更长更宽, 且具有显著高水平的表型多样性, 说明它们可能存在趋同驯化, 驯化过程中果实逐渐由小变大, 形态更加多样化(Liu et al., 2023)。辣椒(C. annuum)全基因组测序完成后(Kim et al., 2014; Qin et al., 2014), 其重要农艺性状的基因定位和候选基因发掘快速开展, 为分子育种和遗传多样性研究奠定了基础(张正海等, 2024)。辣椒是我国重要的蔬菜作物, 根据国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系统计, 我国辣椒种植面积达2.1×106 hm2, 年产量超过6.4×107 t (王立浩等, 2021)。随着商业化辣椒品种的大面积推广, 品种的遗传多样性不断降低, 育种材料的同质化问题日趋严重。种质资源是农作物遗传改良的基础, 丰富的种质资源遗传多样性对于选育品种具有重要作用(雷梦林等, 2024)。通过形态学性状和分子标记对辣椒种质资源进行多样性分析, 对于后续开展种质保存、评价和创新利用具有重要意义。
辣椒种质多样性研究方法有形态学、细胞学、生化以及DNA分子标记等, 其中利用形态学性状和简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat, SSR)分子标记是最常见的方法。形态学性状标记具有变异丰富、直观且快速等特点。SSR分子标记具有共显性、多态性信息量大和重复性高等特点, 已广泛应用于种质资源遗传多样性、群体遗传结构、基因定位与克隆研究(冯鹏龙等, 2022)。王晓映等(2023)选用47对SSR标记和16个表型性状对58份水稻(Oryza sativa)品种进行遗传多样性和聚类分析, 结果表明SSR标记多态性较丰富, 对材料的区分能力较强, 基于分子标记和基于表型性状的聚类结果大体相吻合。张一中等(2023)对263份高粱(Sorghum bicolor)种质的17个表型性状进行鉴定和遗传多样性分析, 表明高粱种质遗传多样性丰富, 并筛选出33份优异种质。何杰丽等(2019)通过高通量测序结果设计EST-SSR引物, 对不同生态区144份糜子(Panicum miliaceum)种质资源的遗传差异和群体结构进行分析。在辣椒方面, 张强强等(2020)基于表型和SSR分子标记对57份辣椒种质资源进行多样性分析, 将辣椒种质分为4类, 但2种聚类结果的相关性不显著。刘林娅等(2023)基于20个表型性状将81份辣椒种质划分为5个类群, 有效区分了不同亲缘关系的辣椒种质。前人结合形态学和分子标记对辣椒种质资源多样性开展研究, 但同时用表型和SSR分子标记对加工型辣椒种质资源开展多样性研究较少。本研究基于形态学性状和SSR分子标记对内蒙古146份加工型辣椒种质资源进行多样性分析, 并对辣椒种质多样性进行评估, 从表型和分子水平对辣椒种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定, 旨在为后续品种选育奠定理论基础。
实验材料为内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所辣椒研究室收集、整理的146份加工型辣椒育种基础材料。供试材料的形态学性状具有多样性, 有指形椒、羊角椒、锥形椒及线形椒等类型。所选146份种质资源中有2份为中国辣椒(Capsicum chinense Jacq), 其余144份为一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)。
辣椒形态学性状测试田间试验在内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所试验基地塑料大棚中进行。部分表型测试和分子标记实验在实验室开展。
在内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所试验基地育苗温室内育苗, 并于当年5月中旬在塑料大棚内进行定植。田间试验采用完全随机区组设计, 设3次重复。每小区2行, 行长6 m, 行距为0.65 m, 株距为0.35 m。采用相同的田间管理, 进行常规栽培和水肥管理。
每份种质选取5个单株, 于全生育期进行形态学性状调查和统计。辣椒形态学性状包括质量性状25个, 即株型(plant style, PS)、分枝性(ramosity, RA)、主茎色(main stem color, MSC)、茎绒毛(stem villi, SV)、熟性(maturity, MA)、叶形(phylliform, PH)、叶色(colour of leaves, CL)、叶缘(leaf margin, LM)、叶面绒毛(leaf surface villi, LSV)、叶面特征(foliar feature, FF)、花冠色(corolla color, CC)、花药颜色(anther color, AC)、花柱颜色(style color, SC)、着生花数(number of flowers, NF)、花柱长(style length, SL)、花梗姿态(pedicel posture, PP)、果型(fruit type, FT)、果横切面(fruit transverse section, FTS)、青熟果色(green ripe fruit color, GFC)、成熟果色(mature fruit color, MF)、果顶特征(fruit top characteristics, FTC)、果面特征(fruit surface characteristics, FS)、果面棱沟(fruit surface ridge groove, FSR)、果基特征(fruit base characteristics, FBC)和果肩形状(fruit shoulder characteristics, FSC); 数量性状9个, 包括叶长(length of blade, LB)、叶宽(blade width, BW)、叶柄长(petiole length, PL)、首花节位(first flower node, FFN)、果长(fruit length, FRL)、果宽(fruit width, FW)、单果重(fruit weight, FRW)、果肉厚(fruit thickness, FTH)和子房室数(locule number, LN)。调查方法和标准参照《辣椒种质资源描述规范和数据标准》(李锡香和张宝玺, 2006)。
每份材料选取5个单株, 在四叶一心期采集辣椒真叶。取2 g叶片, 用新型植物DNA提取试剂盒(北京天根生化科技有限公司)提取146份辣椒种质资源的DNA。于-20°C冰箱保存备用。
根据NY/T 2475行业标准(2013)中公布的22对辣椒 SSR核心引物序列对辣椒DNA进行扩增。引物由天一华煜基因科技有限公司合成。采用5′端带有荧光基团的上游引物与下游引物直接对DNA模板进行扩增, 得到带有荧光基团的PCR产物。引物信息见表1。
利用22对引物对146个群体样本DNA进行PCR扩增, PCR反应在Veriti384 PCR仪上进行。PCR扩增程序: 95°C预变性5分钟; 95°C变性30秒, 62-52°C梯度退火30秒, 72°C延伸30秒, 10个循环; 95°C变性30秒, 52°C退火30秒, 72°C延伸30秒, 25个循环; 72°C延伸20分钟。4°C保存。PCR扩增产物经荧光毛细管电泳检测。
从ABI 3730xL遗传分析仪上导出.fsa格式原始数据, 按检测位点进行分类归档后, 分别导入GeneMarker 3.0软件进行基因型数据读取, 并按位点名称分别导出基因型原始数据(Excel)和分型峰图文件(PDF)。
用Excel软件进行形态学性状数据统计, 计算各变异性状类型分布频率以及Shannon多样性指数和各数量性状的最小值、最大值、平均值、标准差及变异系数。对数量性状进行10级分类, 从第1级Xi<(M-2S)到第10级Xi≥(M+2S), 每0.5S为1级, M为平均值, S为标准差, 每级相对频率用于计算Shannon多样性指数。计算公式如下:
H’ =-ΣPi×ln(Pi) (Pi表示某性状第i级样品频率)
对10个质量性状进行分级和赋值, 参考李锡香和张宝玺(2006)的方法并略作调整。利用SAS 9.0软件 (胡良平, 2015)进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。
利用GenAlEx version 6.51软件计算SSR位点和群体的各项遗传多样性指标, 包括观测等位基因(Na)、有效等位基因(Ne)、Shannon多样性指数(I)、多态性信息含量(PIC)、观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)。
利用Powermarker软件(Liu and Muse, 2005)计算各样本间的遗传距离, 根据遗传距离使用类平均法进行聚类。利用Structure 2.3.4软件(Evanno et al., 2005) 对146个样本进行群体遗传结构分析, 设置K=1-20,
Burn-in周期为10 000, MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo)设为100 000, 每个K值运行20次, 并算出最佳ΔK值, 根据最佳K值结果对群体遗传结构进行作图。
供试146份辣椒种质资源中, 25个质量性状共检测到91个变异类型, 每个性状平均检测到3.25个变异, 其中果型变异最多, 共检测到8个变异, 其次是花药颜色, 检测到6个变异(表2)。Shannon多样性指数的变化范围为0.04-1.91, 其中花冠色多样性指数最小(0.04), 果型最大(1.91), 说明在所有质量性状中辣椒果型是多样性最丰富的表型, 具有改良利用潜力, 为加工型辣椒果型遗传改良提供了基础材料。25个质量性状变异系数变化范围为8.22%-267.58%, 叶面绒毛、茎秆绒毛、果面棱沟及果肩形状的变异系数较大, 而分枝类型、花冠颜色和青熟果色变异系数较小, 叶面绒毛变异系数最大, 花冠色变异系数最小。
供试的146份辣椒种质9个数量性状的Shannon多样性指数变化范围为1.58-2.06, 变异系数变化范围为14.35%-72.51%。叶长、叶宽和首花节位Shannon多样性指数较高, 分别为2.06、2.02和2.00, 说明以上3个表型的多样性较为丰富; 子房室数多样性指数最小(1.58)。果宽的变异系数最小(14.35%), 单果重的变异系数最大(72.51%), 说明单果重表型变异最为丰富(表3)。
对146份辣椒种质的9个数量性状进行相关性分析, 发现辣椒数量性状各表型之间显著或极显著相关(表4)。叶长与叶宽、叶柄长、首花节位、果宽呈极显著正相关, 与单果重呈显著正相关, 与果长呈显著负相关; 叶宽与叶柄长、果宽、单果重呈极显著正相关, 与果肉厚呈显著正相关, 与果长呈极显著负相关; 叶柄长与首花节位呈极显著正相关, 与果长呈极显著负相关; 首花节位与果宽、单果重、果肉厚呈极显著负相关; 果宽与单果重、果肉厚、子房室数呈极显著正相关; 果肉厚与子房室数呈极显著正相关, 即果实果肉越厚子房室数越多。
利用SAS 9.0软件(胡良平, 2015)对146份辣椒的形态学性状进行聚类分析。结果显示, 供试辣椒被分为6类(图1)。第1类包括91份材料, 该类材料植株多为直立或半直立, 果实为指形椒、短羊角椒, 果肉中等, 青果绿色或者浅绿色, 熟果红色, 是选育干制或者酱制辣椒的基础材料。第2类包括32份材料, 该类材料主要特点为植株直立或者半直立, 果实较细长, 适宜作为选育线形椒的材料。第3类包括18份材料, 该类材料植株直立或半直立, 果肩宽, 羊角形或短锥形, 鲜果果肉厚度介于0.20-0.65 cm之间, 青果绿色, 熟果红色, 果面有棱沟, 是干制辣椒或干鲜两用辣椒的育种材料。第4类包括1份材料C038, 该辣椒材料是内蒙古地方品种托县辣椒, 植株开张, 节间长, 果型呈短锥形, 果顶内凹, 果肉薄, 早熟, 属于干制辣椒材料。第5类包括2份材料C096和C179, 该类材料植株半直立, 果型为线形, 果面有浅棱沟, 呈螺旋状, 青果浅绿色, 熟果红色, 果顶细尖。第6类包括2份材料, 分别为C115和C116, 该类材料均为无限分枝, 主茎呈绿色, 青熟果皮呈深绿色, 叶卵形, 果面有光泽、棱沟深, 果基部宿存花萼平展, 果顶凹, 无果脐附属物, 外果皮薄。
对辣椒34个形态学性状进行主成分分析, 结果表明, 前11个主成分的累积贡献率达69.52% (表5)。同时, 主成分分析反映出辣椒分类研究中存在主要和次要的形态学性状。第1主成分的贡献率为16.66%, 果宽、果基特征、果肩形状和单果重等性状的特征向量绝对值排在前面, 说明第1主成分由这些形态学性状综合反映。第2主成分的贡献率为12.46%, 熟性、叶长、叶宽和叶柄长载荷较高, 说明第2主成分由这些形态学性状组成。第3主成分的贡献率为7.18%, 首花节位、成熟果色、叶面特征和茎秆绒毛特征向量绝对值相对较高。对辣椒种质资源主成分值的二维分布进行分析, 发现第II、III、IV、VI类群之间区分明显, 第I类群与第II、III、IV类群存在部分重合, 第V类群与第I、II类群存在部分重合(图2)。
由表6可知, 22对引物在146份辣椒种质中共检测出102个等位基因(Na), 平均每对引物等位基因数目为4.636个, 最小等位基因数目为3个, 最大等位基因数目为13个, 有效等位基因(Ne)总数为44.937, 数值变化范围为1.191 (Es212)-5.311 (Hpmsl-5), 平均每个位点有效等位基因数目为2.043个, 平均有效等位基因数占比为44.07%。Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.354 (Es212)-2.056 (Hpmsl-5), 平均值为0.825。观测杂合度(Ho)的数值范围为0.007 (Es212)-0.139 (Es363), 平均值为0.067, 表明供试辣椒种质杂合度不高。期望杂合度(He)为0.160 (Es212)-0.812 (Hpmsl-5), 平均值为0.452。多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.153 (Es212)- 0.795 (Hpmsl-5), 平均值为0.396, 其中除Es212引物PIC值低于0.25外, 其余21对引物PIC值均大于0.25, 说明本实验中95.45%的引物都具有中高度多态性, 能够较好地分析种质资源遗传多样性。图3为引物Epms697扩增辣椒DNA测序结果。
基于SSR分子标记数据, 利用Structure软件(Evanno et al., 2005)对146份辣椒种质资源进行群体遗传结构分析, 将分析得到的Dimensional K绘制折线图(图4)。结果表明, 在K=2时, ΔK达到最大值。因此, 将146份辣椒种质资源划分为2组(图5), 且2组界限非常明显。其中Group1群体(蓝色部分)包含77份材料, 该类材料多为羊角形和锥形辣椒。Group2群体(红色部分)包含69份材料, 该类材料多为线形椒和果实较长的羊角椒。Q值≥0.6时说明种质资源遗传背景简单, Q值<0.6时说明种质资源遗传背景较为复杂。在146份辣椒种质资源中, 有7份种质Q值<0.6, 139份种质Q值≥0.6 (占95.20%)。146份材料中有111份材料Q值≥0.9 (占75.01%), 说明146份种质中多数遗传背景简单, 且为纯合高代材料, 但Group1和Group2亚群均存在基因渗透。对K=3-7的群体结构与聚类结果进行比较,发现在K=6时(图6)组群的划分与基于SSR分子标记的聚类结果一致性较好。
基于SSR分子标记计算146份辣椒种质遗传距离, 利用UPGMA法(胡良平, 2015)进行聚类分析, 并绘制环状聚类图。结果表明, 146份辣椒种质资源的平均遗传距离为0.429, 将146份辣椒种质划分为7类(图7)。第I类包括C115和C116, 该类材料属于中国辣椒, 明显区分于其它资源, 且与形态学聚类结果一致。第II类包含1份材料C109, 其为辣椒疫霉菌生理小种鉴定的寄主材料。第III类包含1份材料C075, 该材料为来源于韩国的金塔类型羊角椒。第IV类包含18份材料, 多为厚果肉型羊角椒。第V类包含4份材料, 为短指形椒, 果肉薄。第VI类包含57份材料, 多为线形椒、长指形椒和长羊角椒。第VII类包含63份材料, 此类型与第VI类相似, 多为线形椒、长指形椒和长羊角椒。
基于聚类分析与K=6时群体遗传结构组群划分一致性最好。在K=6时, Group1与聚类分析第I类材料一致, 均仅包括C115和C116; 第II类材料在Group2中, 但Group2还包含第V类所有4份材料、7份第VII类材料和6份第VI类材料; 第III类材料包含在Group3中, 但Group3还包含42份第VII类材料; 第IV类的18份材料全部被包含在Group6中, 第VI类材料有33份在Group4中, 有22份在Group5中, 另有3份在Group2中, 有3份在Group6中; 第VII类材料有42份在Group3中, 有7份在Group2中, 有10份在Group6中。
通过对辣椒种质资源基于形态学性状和SSR分子标记的遗传距离矩阵进行Mantel test相关性分析, 发现两者间存在相关性(r=0.396 7, P<0.001), 但相关性较弱。本研究采用34个形态学性状与22对引物分别对146份材料进行聚类, 部分材料被聚在一个类群中, 如材料C115和C116在2种分类方法中均被划分到1个组群中(图1, 图7)。
辣椒形态学性状是反映辣椒资源遗传表观的指标, 丰富的形态学性状是开展种质创新和品种选育的基础。单一性状的变异系数越大, 说明其遗传变异越丰富, 在品种改良中利用潜力也越大(张小利等, 2023)。裴红霞等(2024)认为, 变异系数低于10%表示变异程度较弱; 变异系数介于10%-100%之间则表示变异程度为中等; 变异系数超过100%则表示变异程度较强。本研究中辣椒质量性状和数量性状变异系数分别介于8.22%-267.58%和14.35%-72.51%, Shannon多样性指数分别介于0.04-1.91和1.58-2.02, 说明供试群体的形态学性状多样性丰富, 为后续开展品种选育提供了种质资源。本研究中辣椒数量性状Shannon多样性指数均在1.58以上, 质量性状Shannon多样性指数大于1.5的性状仅有果型, 说明与质量性状相比, 数量性状Shannon多样性指数较高, 采用数量性状评价种质多样性更加精准(傅鸿妃等, 2018)。质量性状中花冠色Shannon多样性指数最小(0.04), 说明花冠色是辣椒较稳定的形态学性状; 果型Shannon多样性指数最大(1.91), 表明供试群体中辣椒果型类型多。以上结果与袁娟伟等(2024)和裴红霞等(2024)的研究结果一致。
辣椒数量性状相关性分析表明, 辣椒首花节位与叶长、叶柄长呈极显著正相关, 与果宽、单果重和果肉厚呈极显著负相关。这与刘林娅等(2023)的研究结果一致。首花节位是评价辣椒熟性的重要指标, 在选择早熟或者中早熟辣椒材料时可结合育种目标综合考虑果宽、单果重和果肉厚等性状进行育种材料的筛选和创制。基于形态学性状聚类分析将146份辣椒种质划分为6类, 聚在一类的资源在表型上具有相似性, 而不同类群间存在明显差异。但本研究中存在不同类群种质资源数目差别较大的情况, 这与辣椒种质表型差异有关。例如, 第4类仅包括1份材料C038, 该资源为内蒙古种植历史较长的地方辣椒品种托县辣椒, 在形态上明显区别于其它资源; 第6类仅包括2份材料(C115和C116), 均为辣椒属中国辣椒, 在形态上也明显区别于其它资源(图1)。且本研究中聚类结果与主成分分析结果基本一致。在育种实践中, 可充分挖掘形态差异较大的资源, 进行品种改良和新品种选育。本研究通过主成分分析提取的主成分有11个特征值在1.0以上, 前11个主成分累积贡献率为69.52%, 说明各性状的贡献率较为分散, 累积贡献率增长不明显, 辣椒种质表型受多个性状共同影响(赵玉辉等, 2024)。第1-3主成分体现了果宽、果肉厚、单果重、果形指数、熟性、叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、始花期、首花节位以及茎秆绒毛等指标, 几乎体现了辣椒全生育期的主要指标, 说明评价指标涵盖辣椒大部分农艺性状。
本研究通过形态学性状并基于22对SSR引物对146份辣椒种质资源进行多样性分析, 结果表明, 供试146份辣椒种质资源多样性丰富。通过形态学性状与SSR分子标记进行聚类分析, 利用2种方法所得结果相关性较弱, 部分材料在聚类结果中聚成一类(如C115和C116)。但也存在通过2种方法同一材料被划到不同组群的结果, 原因可能是一些形态学性状由多基因位点共同决定, 分子标记不能完全覆盖表型基因; 以及植物形态学性状受人为和环境影响(刘少荣等, 2021)。傅鸿妃等(2018)基于形态学性状和SSR分子标记对52份辣椒种质进行多样性分析, 发现2种方法聚类结果无相关性, 主要原因是形态学性状的变异与分子水平的变异相互独立, 不存在关联, 是基于自然选择与进化压力的遗传变异。
基于分子标记的群体遗传结构分析与形态学性状聚类分析划分类群在K=2时类群数不同, 在K=6时一致性较好, 但仍存在基于聚类分析与遗传结构群组划分不一致的情况。在遗传多样性评估中, 基于遗传距离和结构划分的类群常出现个别例外。何杰丽等(2019)利用80个EST-SSR分析144份糜子资源, 基于Structure (K=4)与基于EST-SSR聚类结果出现不一致, 这与本研究结果类似。出现该结果的原因可能是不同的分类方法所致, UPGMA法聚类是假设各类群的进化速率相同, 按照顺序依次将距离最小的2个材料聚在一起, 直到所有材料都聚到一个完整的系统发生树中, 但这种群体聚类结果常由于人为原因将平面区域位置较近者划归为一类, 使类群间相互渗透的材料不易划分(吕伟等, 2021)。群体遗传结构是基于哈代-温伯格平衡和贝叶斯模型算法利用遗传变异按照一定标准将群体分为若干亚群, 可反映育种材料间的基因渗入和交流情况, 能够更好地揭示材料内在的遗传结构(谢立峰等, 2019; 雷梦林等, 2024)。
本研究对146份辣椒种质资源的34个形态学性状进行评价, 并利用22对SSR引物对其进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明, 146份辣椒种质资源形态学性状多样性丰富, 基于表型性状聚类和主成分分析均将146份种质分为6个类群; 基于SSR分子标记将146份种质分为7个类群, 二者相关性较弱。群体遗传结构分析表明, 146份辣椒种质资源划分为2组, 且2组间界限非常明显。146份种质中多数遗传背景简单, 且多为纯合高代材料, 但Group1和Group2亚群均存在基因渗透。本研究阐明了146份辣椒种质多样性和群体遗传结构, 为后续开展品种选育奠定了理论基础。
杨志刚: 分析数据及撰写论文; 张鹏程: 表型数据测试及分子标记实验; 常海文: 表型数据测试; 康立茹: 分子标记实验及数据分析; 左毅: 数据分析及论文润色; 向浩鑫: 数据分析; 韩凤英: 表型数据测试。
杨志刚, 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所研究员, 硕士生导师。入选内蒙古自治区新世纪“321”人才工程第二层次, 内蒙古自治区第八批“草原英才”创新团队主要成员。主要从事辣椒遗传育种研究, 选育辣椒新品种6个。先后获全国农牧渔业丰收奖二等奖、内蒙古自治区科技进步奖三等奖、内蒙古自治区农牧业丰收奖一等奖及中国科协创新创业大赛银奖等奖项。
  • 内蒙古“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS0028)
  • 内蒙古自然科学基金(2019BS03031)
  • 内蒙古科技计划(2021GG0382)
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2025年第60卷第2期
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doi: 10.11983/CBB24098
  • 接收时间:2024-06-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-28
  • 录用日期:2025-01-20
基金
内蒙古“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS0028)
内蒙古自然科学基金(2019BS03031)
内蒙古科技计划(2021GG0382)
作者信息
    1内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 呼和浩特 010031
    2中国科学院植物研究所, 植物分子生理学重点实验室, 北京 100093

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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