Article(id=1320018844337418323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1320018843771187282, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB24093, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB24093, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718467200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1728835200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-14, onlineDate=1792646617254, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792646617254, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792646617254, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792646617254, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320018843771187282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='2', pageStart='151', pageEnd='306', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741536000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792646617118, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792646680189, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320019108373054318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1320018843771187282, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320019108373054319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1320018843771187282, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=204, endPage=217, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320018844547133524, articleId=1320018844337418323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Faba Bean Salt-alkali Tolerance Based on Root Phenotypic Traits, columnId=1317485691135706105, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

INTRODUCTION: Identification of salt-alkali tolerant germplasm in faba bean lays the foundation for the exploration of salt-alkali tolerant genes and for the selection and breeding of salt-alkali tolerant varieties, which is of great significance for the utilization of saline-alkali land.

RATIONALE: Most of the studies on the salt-alkali tolerance of faba beans were focused on the morphological and physiological traits of the aboveground parts, while there are few studies on the phenotypic traits of the roots. The root plays a crucial role in resisting salt-alkali stress. Deep research on the relationship between the phenotypic traits of the root and the salt-alkali tolerance of faba beans will help to comprehensively understand the physiological mechanism of the salt-alkali tolerance.

RESULTS: The results showed that: (1) Under salt-alkali stress, the root overlap number was mostly affected, it was followed by the coila number, while the average diameter of root was affected slightly; (2) Between the overlap number and total number of connection points, among the bifurcation number and the overlap number and total number of connection points, most of indicators were significant positively correlation (P<0.01), while there were significant negatively correlation (P<0.01) among the average diameter of root and total number of root, the number of root tip, total length of root, endpoint number, coila number, linking number, bifurcation number, overlap number and total number of connection points; (3) Total root surface area of root, total projected area of root, total length of root and total volume of root could be used as the key indicators to identify the salt-alkali tolerance of faba bean during the germination period; (4) Two salt-alkali tolerant accessions H0000809 and H0000653, and two salt-alkali sensitive accessions H0001714 and H0002622 were screened out; and (5) The 399 faba bean accessions were divided into 4 groups: group I, salt-alkali tolerance germplasm, accounting for 0.75%; group II, moderately salt-alkali tolerant germplasm, accounting for 8%; group III, weakly saline-tolerant germplasm, accounting for 52.88%; and group IV, salt-alkali sensitive germplasm, constituting 38.35%.

CONCLUSION: Variation and correlation of each index, and the key indicators used to identify salt-alkali tolerance were determined, extreme materials can be selected and used for future study of salt-alkali tolerance mechanisms in faba bean and the excavation of salt-alkali tolerance genes.

Phenotypic differences of faba bean germplasms with different levels of salt-alkali tolerance at different growth stages (A) Root phenotype differences of faba bean germplasms with different levels of salt-alkali tolerance at germination stage (bar=5 cm); (B) Plant phenotype differences of faba bean germplasms with different levels of salt-alkali tolerance at flowering stage (bars=1 cm).

, authors=Huiling Fan1, 3, Yan Lu3, Wenhai Jin1, Hui Wang1, Xiaoxing Peng1, Xuexia Wu1, *, Yujiao Liu1, 2, *, authorsList=Huiling Fan, Yan Lu, Wenhai Jin, Hui Wang, Xiaoxing Peng, Xuexia Wu, Yujiao Liu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuexia Wu, Yujiao Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ;
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320018847348928607, articleId=1320018844337418323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=CN, title=基于根系表型性状的蚕豆耐盐碱性鉴定与综合评价, columnId=1317485691316061179, journalTitle=植物学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=蚕豆(Vicia faba)耐盐碱性种质鉴定为挖掘耐盐碱基因和选育耐盐碱品种奠定基础, 对盐碱地利用具有重要意义。利用8 g∙L-1混合盐碱溶液(NaCl、Na2CO3和Na2SO4, 质量比为9:1:1, pH9.25)对399份国内外蚕豆种质在萌发期进行胁迫处理, 并测定了3个发芽指标和13个根系指标, 采用相关性、主成分、隶属函数和系统聚类分析, 对各种质的耐盐碱性进行综合评价。结果表明: (1) 在盐碱胁迫下, 根系交叠数受到的影响最大, 关节点次之, 而根平均直径较稳定; (2) 交叠数与总连接点数之间, 分叉数与交叠数、总连接点数之间等大部分指标间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01); 而根平均直径与根总数量、根尖数量、根总长、端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数和总连接点数之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01); (3) 根总表面积、根总投影面积、根总长和根总体积可作为蚕豆萌发期耐盐碱性鉴定的适宜指标; (4) 筛选出2份耐碱盐种质H0000809和H0000653, 2份盐碱敏感种质H0001714和H0002622; (5) 399份蚕豆种质可分为4类, 第I类为耐盐碱种质, 占0.75%; 第II类为中耐盐碱种质, 占8%; 第III类为弱耐盐碱种质, 占52.88%; 第IV类为不耐盐碱种质, 占38.35%。综上, 该研究明确了各指标的变异程度和相关性, 确定了耐盐碱性鉴定的关键指标, 筛选出的极端材料可用于蚕豆耐盐碱机理研究和耐盐碱基因挖掘。, authors=范惠玲1, 3, 路妍3, 金文海1, 王慧1, 彭小星1, 武学霞1, *, 刘玉皎1, 2, *, authorsList=范惠玲, 路妍, 金文海, 王慧, 彭小星, 武学霞, 刘玉皎, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=武学霞, 刘玉皎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail: ;
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LR, ADR, CL, BN, ON, TPAR, TSAR, BUR, GP, GR, NR, NRT, EP, LN, TNCP, and GI are the same as shown in Table 1.

, figureFileSmall=cxa0raQGNEaNgxIkRj19mg==, figureFileBig=QE32lHDylI6HgdcWa9a3yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018851912331417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=图1, caption=蚕豆根系表型指标的均值分布图

LR、ADR、CL、BN、ON、TPAR、TSAR、BUR、GP、GR、NR、NRT、EP、LN、TNCP和GI同表1。

, figureFileSmall=cxa0raQGNEaNgxIkRj19mg==, figureFileBig=QE32lHDylI6HgdcWa9a3yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018852117852314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Root phenotype of extremely salt-alkali tolerant and sensitive germplasms (A) and germplasms with different levels of salt-alkali tolerance (B) in faba bean

Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV showed the representative root phenotypes of salt-alkaline tolerant, moderately salt-alkaline tolerant, weakly salt-alkaline tolerant, and salt-alkaline sensitive faba bean germplasms, respectively. The red and green marking lines indicated the main root and the lateral roots, respectively. Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=7AP8V7RTc0oKEgcbITsT2w==, figureFileBig=FLyS5LjA1xijpLqyDRJy+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018852176572571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=图2, caption=极端耐盐碱和盐碱敏感蚕豆种质(A)及不同耐盐碱层级蚕豆种质(B)芽期根系表型

Group I、Group II、Group III和Group IV分别为耐盐碱、中度耐盐碱、弱耐盐碱及不耐盐碱蚕豆种质的代表性根系表型。红色和绿色标注线分别指示主根和侧根。Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=7AP8V7RTc0oKEgcbITsT2w==, figureFileBig=FLyS5LjA1xijpLqyDRJy+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018852247875740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Plant growth phenotype of extremely salt-alkali tolerant and sensitive faba bean germplasms at flowering stage

Bars=5 cm

, figureFileSmall=xasUAjTdP3U/LMjxZarc4Q==, figureFileBig=dEQwTwc6ZdQNZcDQGBs10A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018852314984605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=图3, caption=极端耐盐碱和盐碱敏感蚕豆种质植株花期表型

Bars=5 cm

, figureFileSmall=xasUAjTdP3U/LMjxZarc4Q==, figureFileBig=dEQwTwc6ZdQNZcDQGBs10A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018852382093470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Systematic cluster maps based on D values for 399 faba bean germplasms, figureFileSmall=ERLw2WhJVgLVbdAqa8nQgw==, figureFileBig=15aigCCbzrcqO2cn6aB+OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018852461785247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=图4, caption=399份蚕豆种质基于D值的系统聚类图, figureFileSmall=ERLw2WhJVgLVbdAqa8nQgw==, figureFileBig=15aigCCbzrcqO2cn6aB+OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320018852528894112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameter value of different traits under saline-alkali stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Traits Mean (%) Mode (%) Skewness Standard deviation Variation range Interquartile range (%) Variable coefficient (%)
NR 2.630 2.000 3.829 1.530 1.000-17.300 1.259 58.175
NRT 3.123 3.000 4.876 1.336 1.000-17.700 0.990 42.779
LR 1.651 1.496 3.502 0.733 0.510-8.721 0.693 44.397
ADR 2.008 1.757 0.187 0.351 1.903-3.418 0.450 17.480
TPAR 34.662 9.324 2.478 15.534 9.324-136.722 15.591 44.816
TSAR 108.895 29.291 2.478 48.802 29.291-429.524 48.981 44.816
BUR 60.948 11.289 2.344 32.776 11.289-262.196 34.705 53.777
TNCP 5.457 0.400 3.613 3.219 0.200-35.700 2.875 58.987
EP 3.123 3.000 4.876 1.336 1.000-17.700 0.990 42.779
CL 2.334 1.000 2.640 2.393 0.000-19.000 2.141 102.528
LN 5.027 3.000 2.843 3.876 1.000-35.300 3.310 77.104
BN 1.628 1.000 3.742 1.524 0.000-16.000 1.259 93.612
ON 0.713 0.000 5.648 1.494 0.000-19.000 0.961 209.537
GP 51.200 20.000 0.058 30.300 0.000-100.000 51.050 59.179
GI 3.679 1.593 0.865 2.433 0.000-11.964 3.613 66.132
GR 60.000 80.000 -0.209 28.900 0.000-100.000 49.000 48.167
), ArticleFig(id=1320018852600197281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

盐碱胁迫下各性状的参数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Traits Mean (%) Mode (%) Skewness Standard deviation Variation range Interquartile range (%) Variable coefficient (%)
NR 2.630 2.000 3.829 1.530 1.000-17.300 1.259 58.175
NRT 3.123 3.000 4.876 1.336 1.000-17.700 0.990 42.779
LR 1.651 1.496 3.502 0.733 0.510-8.721 0.693 44.397
ADR 2.008 1.757 0.187 0.351 1.903-3.418 0.450 17.480
TPAR 34.662 9.324 2.478 15.534 9.324-136.722 15.591 44.816
TSAR 108.895 29.291 2.478 48.802 29.291-429.524 48.981 44.816
BUR 60.948 11.289 2.344 32.776 11.289-262.196 34.705 53.777
TNCP 5.457 0.400 3.613 3.219 0.200-35.700 2.875 58.987
EP 3.123 3.000 4.876 1.336 1.000-17.700 0.990 42.779
CL 2.334 1.000 2.640 2.393 0.000-19.000 2.141 102.528
LN 5.027 3.000 2.843 3.876 1.000-35.300 3.310 77.104
BN 1.628 1.000 3.742 1.524 0.000-16.000 1.259 93.612
ON 0.713 0.000 5.648 1.494 0.000-19.000 0.961 209.537
GP 51.200 20.000 0.058 30.300 0.000-100.000 51.050 59.179
GI 3.679 1.593 0.865 2.433 0.000-11.964 3.613 66.132
GR 60.000 80.000 -0.209 28.900 0.000-100.000 49.000 48.167
), ArticleFig(id=1320018852684083362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation coefficient matrix of indexes under salt-alkali stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index NR NRT LR ADR TPAR TSAR BUR EP CL LN BN ON
NRT 0.837**
LR 0.759** 0.521**
ADR -0.362** -0.181** -0.215**
TPAR 0.606** 0.400** 0.930** 0.061
TSAR 0.606** 0.400** 0.930** 0.061 1.000**
BUR 0.485** 0.302** 0.819** 0.228** 0.968** 0.968**
EP 0.837** 1.000** 0.521** -0.181** 0.400** 0.400** 0.302**
CL 0.798** 0.445** 0.858** -0.323** 0.766** 0.766** 0.665** 0.445**
LN 0.872** 0.574** 0.871** -0.328** 0.766** 0.766** 0.658** 0.574** 0.988**
BN 1.000** 0.836** 0.757** -0.361** 0.606** 0.606** 0.486** 0.836** 0.798** 0.872**
ON 0.281** -0.124* 0.615** -0.162** 0.621** 0.621** 0.581** -0.124 0.800** 0.707** 0.282**
TNCP 0.941** 0.746** 0.855** -0.315** 0.735** 0.735** 0.620** 0.746** 0.928** 0.973** 0.941** 0.543**
), ArticleFig(id=1320018852772163747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

盐碱胁迫下各指标间的相关系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index NR NRT LR ADR TPAR TSAR BUR EP CL LN BN ON
NRT 0.837**
LR 0.759** 0.521**
ADR -0.362** -0.181** -0.215**
TPAR 0.606** 0.400** 0.930** 0.061
TSAR 0.606** 0.400** 0.930** 0.061 1.000**
BUR 0.485** 0.302** 0.819** 0.228** 0.968** 0.968**
EP 0.837** 1.000** 0.521** -0.181** 0.400** 0.400** 0.302**
CL 0.798** 0.445** 0.858** -0.323** 0.766** 0.766** 0.665** 0.445**
LN 0.872** 0.574** 0.871** -0.328** 0.766** 0.766** 0.658** 0.574** 0.988**
BN 1.000** 0.836** 0.757** -0.361** 0.606** 0.606** 0.486** 0.836** 0.798** 0.872**
ON 0.281** -0.124* 0.615** -0.162** 0.621** 0.621** 0.581** -0.124 0.800** 0.707** 0.282**
TNCP 0.941** 0.746** 0.855** -0.315** 0.735** 0.735** 0.620** 0.746** 0.928** 0.973** 0.941** 0.543**
), ArticleFig(id=1320018852889604260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The eigen values of 4 principal components and total load number of each index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index Principal components Total load Rank
1 2 3 4
TNCP 0.959 0.049 -0.206 -0.096 42.666 6
LN 0.957 0.040 -0.015 -0.213 44.003 4
LR 0.950 0.013 0.130 0.025 47.112 2
CL 0.929 0.033 0.113 -0.282 43.698 5
TSAR 0.891 -0.037 0.335 0.246 48.063 1
TPAR 0.891 -0.037 0.335 0.246 48.063 1
BN 0.873 0.059 -0.426 -0.048 36.232 7
BUR 0.799 -0.069 0.430 0.362 45.419 3
ON 0.616 -0.071 0.605 -0.405 33.728 8
NR -0.367 0.250 -0.206 0.128 -15.286 10
GP -0.053 0.937 0.124 0.021 13.437 13
GI -0.031 0.920 0.110 0.037 14.168 11
GR -0.012 0.855 0.070 0.042 13.600 12
NRT 0.644 0.058 -0.700 0.275 24.383 9
EP 0.644 0.058 -0.700 0.275 24.383 9
ADR -0.212 -0.089 0.360 0.799 -0.139 14
Eigen values 8.052 2.566 2.242 1.382
Contribution rate (%) 47.366 15.092 13.189 8.132
Accumulative contribution rate (%) 47.366 62.458 75.648 83.779
Weight 0.565 0.180 0.157 0.097
), ArticleFig(id=1320018852986073253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

4个主成分的特征值和各指标的总载荷数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index Principal components Total load Rank
1 2 3 4
TNCP 0.959 0.049 -0.206 -0.096 42.666 6
LN 0.957 0.040 -0.015 -0.213 44.003 4
LR 0.950 0.013 0.130 0.025 47.112 2
CL 0.929 0.033 0.113 -0.282 43.698 5
TSAR 0.891 -0.037 0.335 0.246 48.063 1
TPAR 0.891 -0.037 0.335 0.246 48.063 1
BN 0.873 0.059 -0.426 -0.048 36.232 7
BUR 0.799 -0.069 0.430 0.362 45.419 3
ON 0.616 -0.071 0.605 -0.405 33.728 8
NR -0.367 0.250 -0.206 0.128 -15.286 10
GP -0.053 0.937 0.124 0.021 13.437 13
GI -0.031 0.920 0.110 0.037 14.168 11
GR -0.012 0.855 0.070 0.042 13.600 12
NRT 0.644 0.058 -0.700 0.275 24.383 9
EP 0.644 0.058 -0.700 0.275 24.383 9
ADR -0.212 -0.089 0.360 0.799 -0.139 14
Eigen values 8.052 2.566 2.242 1.382
Contribution rate (%) 47.366 15.092 13.189 8.132
Accumulative contribution rate (%) 47.366 62.458 75.648 83.779
Weight 0.565 0.180 0.157 0.097
), ArticleFig(id=1320018853057376422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Salt-alkali tolerance indexes of 4 materials with extremely tolerant level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Salt-alkali tolerance Salt-alkali tolerant
faba bean
Salt-alkali sensitive
faba bean
Salt-alkali tolerance Salt-alkali tolerant
faba bean
Salt-alkali sensitive
faba bean
Code H0000809 H0000653 H0002622 H0001714 Code H0000809 H0000653 H0002622 H0001714
NR 17.333 12.000 1.500 2.000 CL 18.000 12.667 0.500 1.000
NRT 17.667 12.000 2.500 3.000 LN 35.333 24.667 2.000 3.000
LR 8.721 6.078 0.510 0.653 BN 16.000 11.000 0.500 1.000
ADR 1.288 1.704 1.889 1.930 ON 2.000 1.667 0.000 0.000
TPAR 136.722 127.020 9.324 11.882 TNCP 35.667 24.667 3.000 4.000
TSAR 429.524 399.046 29.291 37.329 GP 0.800 1.000 0.000 0.000
BUR 204.520 262.196 13.409 17.031 GI 5.538 7.964 0.000 0.143
EP 17.667 12.000 2.500 3.000 GR 0.800 1.000 0.600 0.200
), ArticleFig(id=1320018853128679591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1320018844337418323, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4份极端种质的耐盐碱性相关指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Salt-alkali tolerance Salt-alkali tolerant
faba bean
Salt-alkali sensitive
faba bean
Salt-alkali tolerance Salt-alkali tolerant
faba bean
Salt-alkali sensitive
faba bean
Code H0000809 H0000653 H0002622 H0001714 Code H0000809 H0000653 H0002622 H0001714
NR 17.333 12.000 1.500 2.000 CL 18.000 12.667 0.500 1.000
NRT 17.667 12.000 2.500 3.000 LN 35.333 24.667 2.000 3.000
LR 8.721 6.078 0.510 0.653 BN 16.000 11.000 0.500 1.000
ADR 1.288 1.704 1.889 1.930 ON 2.000 1.667 0.000 0.000
TPAR 136.722 127.020 9.324 11.882 TNCP 35.667 24.667 3.000 4.000
TSAR 429.524 399.046 29.291 37.329 GP 0.800 1.000 0.000 0.000
BUR 204.520 262.196 13.409 17.031 GI 5.538 7.964 0.000 0.143
EP 17.667 12.000 2.500 3.000 GR 0.800 1.000 0.600 0.200
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基于根系表型性状的蚕豆耐盐碱性鉴定与综合评价
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范惠玲 1, 3 , 路妍 3 , 金文海 1 , 王慧 1 , 彭小星 1 , 武学霞 1, * , 刘玉皎 1, 2, *
植物学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(2): 204-217
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植物学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (2) : 204 -217
基于根系表型性状的蚕豆耐盐碱性鉴定与综合评价
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范惠玲1, 3, 路妍3, 金文海1, 王慧1, 彭小星1, 武学霞1, * , 刘玉皎1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1青海大学, 西宁 810016
  • 2青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室, 西宁 810016
  • 3河西学院, 张掖 734000
通讯作者:
Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Faba Bean Salt-alkali Tolerance Based on Root Phenotypic Traits
Huiling Fan1, 3, Yan Lu3, Wenhai Jin1, Hui Wang1, Xiaoxing Peng1, Xuexia Wu1, * , Yujiao Liu1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
  • 2Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization Laboratory, Xining 810016, China
  • 3Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB24093
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蚕豆(Vicia faba)耐盐碱性种质鉴定为挖掘耐盐碱基因和选育耐盐碱品种奠定基础, 对盐碱地利用具有重要意义。利用8 g∙L-1混合盐碱溶液(NaCl、Na2CO3和Na2SO4, 质量比为9:1:1, pH9.25)对399份国内外蚕豆种质在萌发期进行胁迫处理, 并测定了3个发芽指标和13个根系指标, 采用相关性、主成分、隶属函数和系统聚类分析, 对各种质的耐盐碱性进行综合评价。结果表明: (1) 在盐碱胁迫下, 根系交叠数受到的影响最大, 关节点次之, 而根平均直径较稳定; (2) 交叠数与总连接点数之间, 分叉数与交叠数、总连接点数之间等大部分指标间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01); 而根平均直径与根总数量、根尖数量、根总长、端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数和总连接点数之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01); (3) 根总表面积、根总投影面积、根总长和根总体积可作为蚕豆萌发期耐盐碱性鉴定的适宜指标; (4) 筛选出2份耐碱盐种质H0000809和H0000653, 2份盐碱敏感种质H0001714和H0002622; (5) 399份蚕豆种质可分为4类, 第I类为耐盐碱种质, 占0.75%; 第II类为中耐盐碱种质, 占8%; 第III类为弱耐盐碱种质, 占52.88%; 第IV类为不耐盐碱种质, 占38.35%。综上, 该研究明确了各指标的变异程度和相关性, 确定了耐盐碱性鉴定的关键指标, 筛选出的极端材料可用于蚕豆耐盐碱机理研究和耐盐碱基因挖掘。
蚕豆  /  萌发期  /  盐碱胁迫  /  耐盐碱种质鉴定  /  综合评价

INTRODUCTION: Identification of salt-alkali tolerant germplasm in faba bean lays the foundation for the exploration of salt-alkali tolerant genes and for the selection and breeding of salt-alkali tolerant varieties, which is of great significance for the utilization of saline-alkali land.

RATIONALE: Most of the studies on the salt-alkali tolerance of faba beans were focused on the morphological and physiological traits of the aboveground parts, while there are few studies on the phenotypic traits of the roots. The root plays a crucial role in resisting salt-alkali stress. Deep research on the relationship between the phenotypic traits of the root and the salt-alkali tolerance of faba beans will help to comprehensively understand the physiological mechanism of the salt-alkali tolerance.

RESULTS: The results showed that: (1) Under salt-alkali stress, the root overlap number was mostly affected, it was followed by the coila number, while the average diameter of root was affected slightly; (2) Between the overlap number and total number of connection points, among the bifurcation number and the overlap number and total number of connection points, most of indicators were significant positively correlation (P<0.01), while there were significant negatively correlation (P<0.01) among the average diameter of root and total number of root, the number of root tip, total length of root, endpoint number, coila number, linking number, bifurcation number, overlap number and total number of connection points; (3) Total root surface area of root, total projected area of root, total length of root and total volume of root could be used as the key indicators to identify the salt-alkali tolerance of faba bean during the germination period; (4) Two salt-alkali tolerant accessions H0000809 and H0000653, and two salt-alkali sensitive accessions H0001714 and H0002622 were screened out; and (5) The 399 faba bean accessions were divided into 4 groups: group I, salt-alkali tolerance germplasm, accounting for 0.75%; group II, moderately salt-alkali tolerant germplasm, accounting for 8%; group III, weakly saline-tolerant germplasm, accounting for 52.88%; and group IV, salt-alkali sensitive germplasm, constituting 38.35%.

CONCLUSION: Variation and correlation of each index, and the key indicators used to identify salt-alkali tolerance were determined, extreme materials can be selected and used for future study of salt-alkali tolerance mechanisms in faba bean and the excavation of salt-alkali tolerance genes.

Phenotypic differences of faba bean germplasms with different levels of salt-alkali tolerance at different growth stages (A) Root phenotype differences of faba bean germplasms with different levels of salt-alkali tolerance at germination stage (bar=5 cm); (B) Plant phenotype differences of faba bean germplasms with different levels of salt-alkali tolerance at flowering stage (bars=1 cm).

faba bean (Vicia faba)  /  germination stage  /  salt-alkali stress  /  salt-alkali tolerant germplasm identification  /  comprehensive evaluation
范惠玲, 路妍, 金文海, 王慧, 彭小星, 武学霞, 刘玉皎. 基于根系表型性状的蚕豆耐盐碱性鉴定与综合评价. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (2) : 204 -217 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24093
Huiling Fan, Yan Lu, Wenhai Jin, Hui Wang, Xiaoxing Peng, Xuexia Wu, Yujiao Liu. Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Faba Bean Salt-alkali Tolerance Based on Root Phenotypic Traits[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (2) : 204 -217 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24093
土壤盐分是主要的非生物胁迫因素之一。全球约有4.5×105 hm2的灌溉土地受到盐胁迫相关问题的影响(Abdel Latef et al., 2021)。在未来30年内, 超过50%的耕地可能受到盐的影响(Shrivastava and Kumar, 2015)。由于全球变暖导致海平面上升、富盐水灌溉和土壤大规模侵蚀, 全球土壤盐碱化将日益加剧(Nachshon, 2018)。盐碱化现象导致植物生长受到抑制或死亡, 全球粮食减产。因此, 努力提高作物的耐盐碱性对于盐碱化耕地和边缘土地的可持续利用至关重要, 以确保未来的粮食供应。然而, 过量的盐分在土壤中积累以及含盐地下水的使用威胁全世界豆类生产。蚕豆(Vicia faba)作为重要的食用豆类和生物固氮作物, 由于其多元化功能和生态价值(刘伟等, 2024), 现有的种植面积已无法满足蚕豆生产发展的需求。耐盐碱蚕豆品种选育是因地适种、拓展农业生产空间的重要途径, 具有重要的生态和经济意义。种子植物生活史中对外界环境最敏感的阶段为萌发期(高占武, 2011)。目前有关其它食用豆类作物萌发期耐盐碱性的研究取得了较大进展。例如, 以NaCl为胁迫条件, 前人开展了大豆(Glycine max) (周秀文等, 2022; 刘欣玥等, 2024)、红小豆(Vigna angularis) (姜雪琪, 2015; 蔡可心等, 2020)、绿豆(Vigna radiata) (任建华等, 1993; 王乐政等, 2015; 时会影等, 2024)和豌豆(Pisum sativum) (朱志华等, 1989)等的相关研究。有关蚕豆近缘植物萌发期耐盐性的研究除了以单盐为胁迫条件, 也有采用混合盐碱的研究。郎炳尧等(2024)采用4种成分(NaCl、Na2CO3、Na2SO4和NaHCO3)的混合溶液鉴定了绿豆的耐盐碱性; 张新草等(2020)用4种成分的混合盐碱溶液鉴定了大豆的耐盐碱性; 于崧等(2017)采用混合碱溶液鉴定了绿豆的耐碱性; 亚秀秀等(2022)研究了豌豆种质在盐碱溶液(NaCl、Na2SO4和NaHCO3)胁迫下的耐盐性。可见, 在大豆、绿豆和豌豆等食用豆类作物中均存在对盐碱具有一定程度耐性的种质。而有关蚕豆种质资源耐盐碱性鉴定方面的研究报道较少, 且多数采用单盐胁迫 (朱志华等, 1990; 杨访问, 2020; 樊有存, 2021)。总之, 已有研究中鉴定出的耐盐蚕豆种质仅表现出对单盐胁迫的耐受性。迄今为止, 未见有关蚕豆萌发期耐混合盐碱胁迫的报道。
植物通过根系吸收水分和养分, 而盐碱地对根的发育产生不利影响, 根系结构生长发育不良意味着植物的整体健康状况欠佳。前人对蚕豆种质资源耐盐性的评价主要依据发芽相关性状, 未见根系发育特性与耐盐性关系的报道。本研究以399份蚕豆种质资源为试验材料, 采用8 g∙L-1混合盐碱(NaCl、Na2CO3和Na2SO4, pH9.25)在萌发期进行胁迫处理, 测定了发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数3个发芽指标以及根总长、根总数量和根平均直径等13个根系指标, 运用模糊数学隶属函数值、频数、系统聚类及主成分分析等方法进行综合评价, 筛选出耐盐碱性较强的种质, 为蚕豆耐盐碱机理研究、基因挖掘和品种选育提供了候选材料。
供试材料为399份蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)种质, 其中包括299份地方种质、99份国外种质和1份育成品种, 其全国统一编号和来源见附表1。实验于2022年7月-2023年9月在甘肃河西学院农业与生态工程学院完成。
参照《蚕豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准》中所述的方法(宗绪晓等, 2006), 在前期浓度筛选试验的基础上, 选取8 g∙L-1混合盐碱(pH9.25), 包括6.56 g∙L-1 NaCl、0.733 g∙L-1 Na2CO3和0.733 g∙L-1 Na2SO4, Na+的摩尔浓度为136.29 mmol∙L-1, 进行萌发期胁迫试验。种子消毒处理: 挑选大小较一致的蚕豆种子5粒, 先用5%次氯酸钠消毒15分钟, 再用清水冲洗3次, 用吸水纸吸干水分, 备用。种子吸胀处理: 将消毒后的种子浸泡在盐碱溶液中, 48小时后挑选完全吸胀的种子进行萌发试验。种子萌发处理: 在培养皿(Φ120 mm)中放入一张定性滤纸, 再加入5 mL盐碱溶液, 然后均匀摆放种子, 重复3次; 在25°C恒温培养箱中处理7天。为消除不同层次之间的温度差异, 每天调换1次培养皿的位置。发芽期间每天记录种子发芽数(以胚根长度与籽粒长度等长为发芽标准)。发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数按以下公式计算。
发芽势(%)=(第4天发芽种子数/供试种子数)×100;
发芽率(%)=(第7天发芽种子数/供试种子数)×100;
发芽指数=Ʃ(DG/DT), DG: 逐日发芽数; DT: 相应DG的发芽天数。
盐碱胁迫后第8天, 取出每个培养皿中发芽的幼苗, 用清水洗净根系, 滤纸吸干残余水分后准备测量。使用植物根系表型分析系统(GXY-A, 浙江托普云农科技股份有限公司)测量幼苗根总数量、根尖数量、端点数、总连接点数、根总长、根总投影面积、根平均直径、根总体积、分叉数、关节点数、交叠数、连接数和根总表面积共计13个指标。
选取9 g∙L-1盐碱(pH10.5)溶液, 包括7.3800 g∙L-1 NaCl、0.8246 g∙L-1 Na2CO3和Na2SO4, 进行花期胁迫处理。将盐碱溶液一次性拌入基质(主要成分为草炭:蛭石:珍珠岩=1:1:1, v/v/v), 使基质持水量达75%-80%。在长宽高为19 cm × 13 cm × 12 cm的培养盒内装入约三分之二体积的基质。挑选健康饱满、大小均匀一致的蚕豆种子5粒, 用自来水冲洗3次, 3%次氯酸钠溶液消毒10分钟, 蒸馏水冲洗3次, 然后均匀摆放在基质表面, 覆盖1 cm厚的基质。每份材料重复3次。将培养盒置于白天20°C/夜晚15°C, 相对湿度为50%-60%, 光照为自然光的玻璃温室中培养。出苗至收获期间, 每隔15天加300 mL Hoagland营养液。为避免在培养过程中盐碱浓度和pH值发生变化, 蚕豆生长到第30天和第60天时各浇1次等量的9 g∙L-1盐碱溶液。定期观察生长情况, 在花期拍照并记录表型。
先用Microsoft Excel2016软件整理数据, 得到指标的平均值, 在处理13个根系指标时, 不计入未发芽种子数。运用SPSS 23.0软件对399份蚕豆种质的16个指标先进行双变量相关性分析, 得到皮尔逊相关系数及其显著性水平, 再进行因子分析, 得到主成分(胡亮亮等, 2022)。计算隶属函数值和耐盐碱性综合评价D值, 通过D值排名综合评价参试材料的耐盐碱性强弱; 然后计算16个指标的总载荷数并排序, 确定较优指标, 制作四象限图。运用R语言4.3软件, 以综合评价D值为变量, 按照离差平方和的标准进行系统聚类分析(陈二影等, 2020)。
为阐明盐碱胁迫下不同性状的变化特征, 对399份蚕豆种质16个指标进行分析(表1)。结果表明, 交叠数和关节点数的变异系数大于100%, 分别为209.537%和102.528%, 表现出强变异; 根总体积、根总数量、连接数、分叉数、发芽势、总连接点数和发芽指数7个指标的变异系数较高, 介于53.777%-93.612%之间, 发芽率、根尖数量、端点数、根总长、根总投影面积以及根总表面积6个指标的变异系数介于42.779%-48.167%之间, 这表明蚕豆种子发芽和大部分根系性状均表现中等程度变异; 根平均直径的变异系数最低, 为17.480%。综上表明, 在盐碱胁迫下, 不同蚕豆种质的根系和发芽性状都发生了一定程度的变异, 其中交叠数受到的影响最大, 关节点次之, 而根平均直径较稳定。
考察的16个指标中, 发芽率呈左偏态分布, 而根总长、根总投影面积、根总表面积、根总体积、根尖数量、端点数、发芽势、发芽指数、总连接点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数、根平均直径和根总数量15个指标呈右偏态分布(图1)。除根平均直径外, 个别材料12个根系指标出现极大值。发芽势的平均值为51.200%、众数为20.000%、四分位差为51.050% (表1)。
不同蚕豆种质根平均直径主要集中在1.234-2.100 mm和2.101-2.597 mm, 分布频率分别为53.90%以及34.30%。就发芽率而言, 54.80%的材料介于20.0%- 60.0%, 18.50%的材料分布在80.0%-100.0%。根总长主要分布在0.671-1.666 cm以及1.667-2.926 cm两个长度范围内。根总表面积集中分布在34.515- 83.200 mm2和83.827-165.749 mm2。根总体积主要分布在11.289-49.986 mm3和50.226-108.701 mm3, 有4份材料的根总体积大于204.52 mm3。可见, 在盐碱胁迫下不同性状呈现出广泛的变异, 表明参试蚕豆种质耐盐碱性状具有多样性。
为探明各指标间的相关性程度和相关方向, 我们计算出不同指标间的相关系数(表2)。结果表明, 相互间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)的指标有: 交叠数与总连接点数, 分叉数与交叠数、总连接点数, 连接数与分叉数、交叠数、总连接点数, 关节点数与连接数、分叉数、交叠数、总连接点数, 端点与关节点数、连接数、分叉数、总连接点数, 根总体积与端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数、总连接点数, 根总表面积与根总体积、端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数、总连接点数, 根总投影面积与根总表面积、根总体积、端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数、总连接点数, 根平均直径与根总体积, 根总长与根总投影面积、根总表面积、根总体积、端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数、总连接点数, 根尖数量与根总长、根总投影面积、根总表面积、根总体积、端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、总连接点数, 根总数量与根尖数量、根总长、根总投影面积、根总表面积、根总体积、连接数、分叉数、端点数、关节点数、交叠数、总连接点数。相互间呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关的指标有: 根平均直径与根总数量、根尖数量、根总长、端点数、关节点数、连接数、分叉数、交叠数、总连接点数。交叠数与根尖数量间呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。根平均直径与根总投影面积、根总表面积, 端点数与交叠数间相关性均不显著。
由于各性状间存在一定程度的相关性, 使得它们所提供的信息发生重叠, 并且各性状在鉴定蚕豆耐盐碱胁迫中所起的作用也不尽相同。因此, 不能直接利用某一个或其中几个指标进行评价, 而需要通过综合分析来评价不同种质的耐盐碱性。
为筛选评价参试材料萌发期耐盐碱性的主要指标, 对399份蚕豆种质16个指标进行主成分分析(表3)。结果表明, 第1主成分的特征值为8.052, 方差贡献率为 47.366%; 第2主成分的特征值为2.566, 方差贡献率为15.092%; 第3主成分的特征值为2.242, 方差贡献率为13.189%; 第4主成分的特征值为1.382, 方差贡献率为8.132%。这4个主成分的累计贡献率达83.779%, 可代替16个指标的绝大部分信息, 综合反映蚕豆萌发期的耐盐碱特性, 可作为耐盐碱种质评价的综合指标。
研究表明, 对第1主成分产生正向影响的指标有: 根总表面积、根总投影面积和根总体积等11个指标, 而根总数量、发芽势、发芽指数和发芽率对其产生负向影响, 其中根总表面积、根总投影面积、根总体积、根总长、交叠数、关节点数、连接数、总连接点数和根总数量9个指标的载荷数较高, 均在0.434以上; 对第2主成分产生负向影响的指标有: 交叠数、发芽势、发芽指数和根平均直径, 而根尖数量、端点数、根总数量和分叉数等产生正向影响, 其中根尖数量、端点数和分叉数的载荷数较高, 均在0.79以上; 发芽势、发芽指数和发芽率在第3主成分上的载荷数较高, 均在0.80以上, 故将第3主成分称为发芽综合指标; 根平均直径在第4主成分上的载荷数最高(附表2)。
根据16个指标所对应的载荷数及其在4个主成分中所对应的方差贡献率计算总载荷数。结果表明, 根总表面积、根总投影面积、根总长和根总体积4个指标的总载荷数均较高, 可作为蚕豆耐盐碱鉴定的适宜指标(表3)。另外, 这4个指标也可用于制作参试材料的四象限图, 以确定极端耐盐碱材料。
在主成分分析的基础上, 计算所有参试材料的D值, 依据D值对399份种质的耐盐碱性进行综合排序(附表3)。结果显示, 耐盐碱性较强的前10名供试材料分别为: 编号251 (H0000809)、199 (H0000653)、250 (H0000807)、241 (H0000782)、372 (H0001112)、225 (H0000713)、283 (H0000903)、279 (H0000888)、242 (H0000783)和246 (H0000800)。耐盐碱性较弱的后10名供试材料分别为: 编号320 (H0000989)、302 (H0000953)、492 (H0001714)、809 (H0003173)、834 (H0003304)、599 (H0001958)、714 (H0002622)、186 (H0000613)、375 (H0001120)和835 (H0003305)。
选取综合排名前10位和后10位共计20份材料的根总长和根总表面积的值做四象限图, 筛选在第二象限和第四象限最边缘或接近边缘的点所对应的种质为极端材料。第二象限边缘点表示根总长和根总表面积的值都较大的材料, 第四象限边缘点表示根总长和根总表面积的值都较小的材料, 选中的材料在图中用红色标出(附图1)。结果共筛选出耐盐碱材料2份, H0000809 (编号251)和H0000653 (编号199); 不耐盐碱材料2份, H0002622 (编号714)和H0001714 (编号492) (图2)。这些极端材料芽期16个指标的差异见表4。进一步的实验验证结果表明, 2份耐盐碱种质和2份不耐盐碱种质在花期的盐害症状差异明显(图3)。
聚类结果表明, 399份蚕豆种质被划分为4类(图4)。第I类包括3份材料, 占比0.75%, 含编号199和251等, D值为0.532-0.619, 属耐盐碱种质; 第II类包括32份材料, 占比8%, 含编号250和370等, D值为0.334- 0.458, 属中耐盐碱种质; 第III类包括211份材料, 占比为52.88%, 含编号382和651等, D值为0.219- 0.329, 属弱耐盐碱种质; 第IV类包括153份材料, 占比为38.35%, 含编号315和959等, D值为0.124- 0.217, 属不耐盐碱种质。第I、II类蚕豆种质的共同特征: 发芽势、发芽指数和发芽率3个发芽指标以及除根平均直径外的12个根系指标的平均值均高于参试材料的总平均值, 而第IV类中, 12个根系指标(除根平均直径外)的平均值均低于参试材料的总平均值。
柴达木盆地位于青海省西北部, 分布着大面积的盐碱地, 耐盐碱植物的种植是利用盐碱土地的有效措施。为模拟当地土壤中的主要盐碱成分(张得芳等, 2016), 本研究选用NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3三种组分的混合溶液进行盐碱胁迫处理。耐盐碱鉴定溶液浓度会影响筛选材料的耐盐碱性(孙小芳和刘友良, 2001; 吴家富等; 2017), 适宜的筛选压能够使相关指标在不同材料间的变异幅度和变异系数变大(安永平等, 2006), 从而获得良好的筛选效果。在已往文献中, 研究人员鉴定蚕豆萌发期的耐盐性时所采用的NaCl浓度有150 mmol∙L-1 (樊有存, 2021)、1% (朱志华等, 1990)和0.8% (宗绪晓等, 2006)。本课题组在预实验中分别设计了4、6、8和10 g∙L-1系列浓度梯度的盐碱溶液, 对蚕豆种子进行处理, 结果发现在10 g∙L-1 (pH9.34)盐碱胁迫下, 大部分种子不能萌发, 即使部分种子能萌发, 其胚根和胚芽不能继续生长, 后期会软化腐烂; 而用8 g∙L-1 (pH9.25)盐碱溶液处理时, 不同种质间萌发和根系性状差异明显, 故确定选用该浓度的盐碱溶液进行鉴定实验。本研究所用鉴定溶液成分较复杂, 虽总浓度低于其它研究中的单盐浓度, 但筛选结果更接近生产实际。
在开展食用豆类作物萌发期耐盐碱性鉴定时, 不同研究者采用的指标各异。郎炳尧等(2024)研究表明, 发芽指数、活力指数、胚根鲜重、子叶鲜重和总鲜重5个指标可作为绿豆萌发期耐盐碱性筛选的重要指标。张新草等(2020)研究发现, 发芽率、幼苗长度和根鲜重3个指标是大豆发芽期耐盐性鉴定的关键指标。刘双幸等(2023)确定相对发芽势和相对发芽率可用于鉴定大豆种质的耐盐性。作物根系生长情况和活力水平直接影响植物地上部的生长发育和产量。在豆类作物芽期或苗期的胁迫研究中, 研究人员测定并分析了根长和根系活力等指标的变化特征(姜雪琪, 2015; 胡亮亮等, 2022; 李祥祥, 2022)。本研究在鉴定399份蚕豆种质的耐盐碱性时, 不仅测定了种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数, 还测定了根总数量、根长和根直径等13个根系指标; 结合总载荷数确定了根总表面积、根总投影面积、根总长和根总体积4个指标可较准确地鉴定出蚕豆种质的耐盐碱性。
豆类作物耐盐性评价指标主要包括两类: 单项指标评价和综合指标评价。植物的耐盐性是复杂的综合性状, 多指标综合评价比单项指标评价更能准确全面地反映植物耐盐性的强弱。在大多数文献报道中, 研究人员都测定了各项耐盐指标, 且进行了多个指标的综合分析。所采用的综合评价方法主要包括灰色关联分析法、主成分分析结合隶属函数分析法以及隶属函数法。隶属函数法是一种将多个指标进行综合分析的方法, 利用该方法既可直观地评价植物抗逆性的强弱, 又可克服单一指标评价的局限性。樊有存(2021)通过隶属函数法将31份种质资源划分为5个耐盐等级, 分别为高耐、耐、中耐、弱耐和不耐。于崧等(2017)利用隶属函数法和聚类分析将30个绿豆品种划分为3类(耐盐碱性较强、中等和较弱)。金杭霞等(2021)利用模糊隶属函数法和聚类分析将96个大豆品种划分为5类, 并筛选到30份萌发期耐盐大豆材料。在本研究中, 将16个指标通过主成分分析后, 降维成4个综合指标, 通过隶属函数法得到耐盐碱综合评价D值, 根据D值对植物耐盐碱性强弱进行排名和系统聚类分析, 结果将399份参试蚕豆材料分成4类: 耐盐碱、中耐盐碱、弱耐盐碱和不耐盐碱。
蚕豆对盐分的响应具有基因型特异性(Bimurzayev et al., 2021)。目前, 有关耐盐碱蚕豆种质筛选的研究较少。朱志华等(1990)的鉴定结果表明, 萌发期耐盐性为1级(强耐盐)的材料有: 白小粒种、蚕豆H1538、蚕豆H1541、蚕豆H1549和绿皮豆, 仅占总数的0.8%; 2级(耐盐)材料占2.7%。苗期耐盐鉴定中未发现1级耐盐材料; 2级占5.3%。杨访问(2020)从67个蚕豆地方品种中筛选出1份耐盐(Y134)和1份盐敏感(Y078)品种。樊有存(2021)从300份蚕豆种质中筛选出1份(占0.33%)发芽期高耐盐种质(H0000995)和6份(占2%)耐盐种质(Z4、H0000693、H0005040、2014-04、H0006682和H0006687)。本研究对399份蚕豆种质进行萌发期耐盐碱性鉴定, 筛选出耐盐碱材料2份(H0000809和H0000653), 盐碱敏感材料2份(H0001714和H0002622)。可见, 在芽期和苗期, 都可筛选出较低比例的耐盐或盐碱(总离子浓度为136-150 mmol∙L-1)蚕豆种质, 但能筛选出的强耐盐材料很少。
蚕豆对盐的反应具有基因型特异性(Bimurzayev et al., 2021)。本研究发现, 耐盐碱蚕豆种质的发芽指标和根系指标均高于盐碱敏感种质。这是由于芽期耐盐性主要体现在生物组织抵抗渗透胁迫以及种子吸水膨胀的能力(Ben Dkhil and Denden, 2010)。已有研究表明, 大量基因参与调节芽期蚕豆对盐分的响应, 其具体机制较为复杂, 主要有以下几类基因或转录因子发挥关键的调控作用。(1) 一些参与细胞壁松动(例如木葡聚糖内切葡糖苷酶/水解酶、几丁质酶和弹性蛋白)和染色质重塑(如染色质结构蛋白)的基因在盐处理后的耐盐品种中显著上调表达, 在盐胁迫下种子萌发调控中发挥关键作用。(2) 激素调节被认为是种子发芽和休眠的高度保守机制。耐盐蚕豆品种中, 与激素代谢相关的基因下调表达。脱落酸(ABA)或乙烯信号途径的部分基因在盐胁迫24小时内的耐盐品种中均下调表达(杨访问, 2020)。(3) F-box基因广泛参与植物生长发育并在响应非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。郝树林(2020)研究表明, 在2个耐盐性完全不同的蚕豆品种(Y134和Y078)间, 有5个F-box家族基因(Vf056266.1、Vf062764.1、Vf024236.1、Vf060904.1和Vf045761.1)在芽期耐盐性中发挥重要作用。(4) 在植物响应盐胁迫的分子机制中, NHX为Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白, 其中NHX1基因对提高植物耐盐性起重要作用(杨郡, 2012; Wang et al, 2020)。HKT家族蛋白是一种与植物耐盐性密切相关的Na+或K+/Na+转运蛋白, 其中HKT1基因是提高植物耐盐能力的主要基因之一(殷桂香等, 2015; Ali et al., 2021)。樊有存(2021)从耐盐蚕豆种质中分离出2个耐盐基因VfNHX1以及VfHKT1;1。
本研究中, 我们将参试蚕豆种质资源划分为耐、中耐、弱耐和不耐盐碱4种类型, 筛选出2份耐碱盐种质(H0000809和H0000653)以及2份不耐盐碱种质(H0001714和H0002622)。在此基础上, 下一步工作思路: 首先, 需进行全基因组关联分析, 确定与盐碱耐受性相关的1-2个主要位点; 其次, 对耐盐碱程度不同的蚕豆材料的相关cDNA区域进行测序, 找到与表型强关联的序列变异位点, 并对其进行连锁不平衡分析, 以确定增强蚕豆耐盐碱的主效基因; 最后, 采用不同方法验证新主效基因在盐碱耐受性中的作用。
感谢中国农业科学院国家种质库提供实验所用蚕豆种质资源。
刘玉皎: 构思并设计实验, 修改论文; 武学霞: 设计实验, 修改论文; 范惠玲: 完成部分实验, 分析部分数据并撰写论文; 路妍、金文海、王慧和彭小星: 完成部分实验, 分析部分数据和作图等。
附表1 399份参试材料的来源和类型
Appendix table 1 Origin and type of 399 test materials
附表2 旋转后的成分矩阵
Appendix table 2 The component matrix after rotation
附表3 不同蚕豆种质耐盐碱性综合评价D值及排名
Appendix table 3 D value and rank of salt-alkali tolerance of different faba bean germplasms
附图1 20份参试材料根总长和根总表面积的四象限图
Appendix figure 1 Four quadrants of total root length and total surface area of root in 20 test materials
https://www.chinbullbotany.com/fileup/1674-3466/PDF/24-093-1.pdf
刘玉皎, 青海大学二级研究员, 博士生导师。长期从事蚕豆遗传育种研究。以通讯作者和合作者身份在Nature Genetics、Theoretical and Applied Genetics、Agronomy和《作物学报》等期刊上发表研究论文50余篇; 主编著作2部, 参编著作6部。选育蚕豆品种12个, 获植物新品种权证10个。目前, 其研究团队以基于生态增效型农业发展新模式为主线, 以首次发现并命名的亚有限蚕豆种质为核心, 利用遗传学、基因组学、群体遗传学和生物信息学等手段对其遗传多样性、演化历史及适应性机制进行系统性研究, 以期选育高产、多抗、宜机和多元化等突破性蚕豆品种。
  • 国家食用豆产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42267008)
  • 青海大学两级财政科研实力提升项目-青年创新人才支持计划(2025KTSQ12)
  • 青海省重点研发与转化计划(2022-NK-109)
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2025年第60卷第2期
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doi: 10.11983/CBB24093
  • 接收时间:2024-06-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-16
  • 录用日期:2024-10-14
基金
国家食用豆产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08)
国家自然科学基金(42267008)
青海大学两级财政科研实力提升项目-青年创新人才支持计划(2025KTSQ12)
青海省重点研发与转化计划(2022-NK-109)
作者信息
    1青海大学, 西宁 810016
    2青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室, 西宁 810016
    3河西学院, 张掖 734000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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