Article(id=1319334540267606820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319334515705754160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB24092, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB24092, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718035200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1735142400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-26, onlineDate=1792483466449, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792483466449, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792483466449, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792483466449, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319334515705754160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='3', pageStart='315', pageEnd='482', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792483460594, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792483678409, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319335429350994324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319334515705754160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319335429355188629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319334515705754160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=425, endPage=434, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319334540515070758, articleId=1319334540267606820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated Transformation System of Pueraria lobata Hairy Roots, columnId=1319334540443767589, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=TECHNIQUE AND METHOD, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

INTRODUCTION:An efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation system for Pueraria lobata was established.

RATIONALE: In this study, tissue-cultured plantlets of P. lobata were used as explants to investigate the effects of different genotypes, A. rhizogenes strains, explants, precultivation times, infection times, culture days, subculture times, and culture methods on the efficiency of hairy root genetic transformation in P. lobata.

RESULTS: The results indicated that the induction rate of hairy root formation was the highest when the immature leaves of YG-19 were used as the explant material, reaching 10.2%. A. rhizogenes K599 was identified as the most suitable strain. The optimal explant material was immature leaves that had just unfolded from the first to second nodes of the 5th to 13th generation tissue culture plantlets subcultured for 8 days. After 3 days of pre-culture and 15 minutes of bacterial infection, the highest induction rate of hairy roots reached 22.4%. The optimal type of culture medium for the proliferation of hairy roots in P. lobatawas solid medium culture, and the fresh weight of hairy roots grown on solid medium was 75 times greater than that of hairy roots grown in liquid medium. PCR detection and fluorescence microscopy assays revealed that the expression of GFP and rolB genes in the hairy roots of P. lobata was stable, and the rate of cotransformation was 80%.

CONCLUSION: Genotype, A. rhizogenes strain, and culture duration were the most critical factors for the efficient genetic transformation of hairy roots in P. lobata.

, authors=Zeng Wendan1, Yan Huabing1, *, Wu Zhengdan2, Shang Xiaohong1, Cao Sheng1, Lu Liuying1, Xiao Liang1, Shi Pingli1, Cheng Dong1, Long Ziyuan1, Li Jieyu1, authorsList=Zeng Wendan, Yan Huabing, Wu Zhengdan, Shang Xiaohong, Cao Sheng, Lu Liuying, Xiao Liang, Shi Pingli, Cheng Dong, Long Ziyuan, Li Jieyu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan Huabing, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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*严华兵, 男, 1979年5月生, 博士。现任广西农业科学院经济作物研究所所长, 兼任广西薯类创新团队首席专家、国家食药同源产业科技创新联盟葛根专委会主任委员, 荣获第八批广西“十百千”知识产权领军人才。其科研团队主要从事木薯、葛根等特色薯类植物资源收集、生物技术育种、良种繁育、高效栽培以及资源开发利用等研究工作。先后主持IAEA国际合作项目、国家重点研发计划子课题、国家自然科学基金、自治区主席科技资金等农业科研项目20余项。科研成果获得广西科技进步二等奖1项、广西科技进步三等奖2项。带领团队育成“桂木薯6号”等木薯新品种5个。以第一完成人获得国家发明专利10余项。以第一作者或通讯作者在Horticulture Research、DNA Research和植物生理学报等专业刊物上发表论文90余篇, 其中国际刊物20余篇。主编专著2部, 作为副主编合编著作2部。E-mail:
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Study on Establishment of Regeneration System In Vitro and Transgenic Receptor System in Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus). Master's thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University. pp. 1-64. 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Research advances in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Pueraria genus. China J Chin Mater Med 46, 1311-1325. 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(A) Hairy roots from immature leaf explants; (B) Hairy roots from petiole explants; (C), (D) Subcultured hairy roots. Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=2inzoXTlBUTY/PFnuk3rVw==, figureFileBig=U9H5P0M6RXlHJUaw5AZhaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334549335692157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=图2, caption=野葛毛状根诱导及继代培养

(A) 幼嫩叶片诱导产生的毛状根; (B) 叶柄诱导产生的毛状根; (C), (D) 继代培养的毛状根。Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=2inzoXTlBUTY/PFnuk3rVw==, figureFileBig=U9H5P0M6RXlHJUaw5AZhaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334549398606718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Subculture proliferation of Pueraria lobata hairy roots

(A) Fresh weight of P. lobata hairy roots under different cultivation methods; (B) Morphological characterization of P. lobata hairy roots grown on solid media 20 d after inoculation; (C) Morphological characterization of P. lobata hairy roots grown in liquid media 20 d after inoculation. Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=+rc0Jn1JHyNL5UaO+nr+Vw==, figureFileBig=3sC/PSaoGqB7ec5IjqL05A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334549474104191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=图3, caption=野葛毛状根的继代增殖

(A) 不同培养方式下野葛毛状根的鲜重; (B) 接种于固体培养基20天的毛状根; (C) 接种于液体培养基20天的毛状根。Bars=1 cm

, figureFileSmall=+rc0Jn1JHyNL5UaO+nr+Vw==, figureFileBig=3sC/PSaoGqB7ec5IjqL05A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334549541213056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Green fluorescence assay and PCR analysis of the GFP in Pueraria lobata transgenic hairy roots

(A) GFP green fluorescence assay of hairy roots (bar=1 cm); (B) PCR detection (M: DL2000 DNA marker; N: ddH2O; V: K599; P: Positive control; 1-20: Different transgenic hairy root lines)

, figureFileSmall=0gDU1xBa2tz+cKEr0A2/kg==, figureFileBig=kSknS1jAWvd+mb2gbN2xMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334549612516225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=图4, caption=野葛转基因毛状根GFP荧光观察及PCR检测

(A) 毛状根GFP荧光观察(bar=1 cm); (B) PCR检测(M: DL2000 DNA marker; N: 超纯水; V: K599; P: 阳性对照; 1-20: 不同转基因毛状根株系)

, figureFileSmall=0gDU1xBa2tz+cKEr0A2/kg==, figureFileBig=kSknS1jAWvd+mb2gbN2xMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334549688013698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer names and sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer name Primer sequence (5′−3′)
GFP
F: CAGTGCTTCAGCCGCTAC
R: TTCTCGTTGGGGTCTTTG
rolB
F: AAGTGCTGAGGAACAATC
R: CAAGTGAATGAACAAGGAAC
virG
F: CCTTGGGCGTCGTCATAC
R: TCGTCCTCGGTCGTTTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1319334549738345347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物名称及序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer name Primer sequence (5′−3′)
GFP
F: CAGTGCTTCAGCCGCTAC
R: TTCTCGTTGGGGTCTTTG
rolB
F: AAGTGCTGAGGAACAATC
R: CAAGTGAATGAACAAGGAAC
virG
F: CCTTGGGCGTCGTCATAC
R: TCGTCCTCGGTCGTTTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1319334549805454212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different genotypes and different explants on the induction efficiency of Pueraria lobata hairy roots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Genotype Hairy root frequency of different explants (%)
Unfolding im- mature leaves Mature leaves Stems Petioles Shoot me- ristems
YG-18 0 0 0 0 0
YG-19 10.2±0.9 6.1±0.1 0 5.2±1.2 0
YG-50 0 0 0 0 0
YG-51 1.9±0.6 0 0 3.5±0.4 0
YG-81 2.1±0.3 1.1±0.4 0 1.9±0.1 0
), ArticleFig(id=1319334549872563077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同基因型及不同外植体对野葛毛状根诱导效率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Genotype Hairy root frequency of different explants (%)
Unfolding im- mature leaves Mature leaves Stems Petioles Shoot me- ristems
YG-18 0 0 0 0 0
YG-19 10.2±0.9 6.1±0.1 0 5.2±1.2 0
YG-50 0 0 0 0 0
YG-51 1.9±0.6 0 0 3.5±0.4 0
YG-81 2.1±0.3 1.1±0.4 0 1.9±0.1 0
), ArticleFig(id=1319334549939671942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on the induction efficiency in Pueraria lobata hairy roots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Agrobacterium rhizogenes Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
CK - 0 c 0 c
K599 14 12.1±0.6 a 2.2±0.1 a
R1601 16 8.3±0.5 b 1.1±0.1 b
ATCC15834 - 0 c 0 c
Ar4 - 0 c 0 c
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550019363719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同发根农杆菌对野葛毛状根诱导效率的影响

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Agrobacterium rhizogenes Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
CK - 0 c 0 c
K599 14 12.1±0.6 a 2.2±0.1 a
R1601 16 8.3±0.5 b 1.1±0.1 b
ATCC15834 - 0 c 0 c
Ar4 - 0 c 0 c
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550111638408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of immature leaves from different nodes on the induction efficiency of Pueraria lobata hairy roots

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Different nodes
Rooting time (d) Hairy root frequency (%) Hairy root density
Unfully expanded immature leaves 16
2.3±0.2 bc
1.0±0 b
Immature leaves from 1st to 2nd nodes 13
18.1±1.2 a
1.9±0.4 a
Immature leaves from 3rd to 4th nodes 14
10.7±0.3 b
1.7±0.2 a
Immature leaves from 5th to 6th nodes 16
5.5±0.5 c
1.2±0.2 b
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不同部位幼嫩叶片对野葛毛状根诱导效率的影响

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Different nodes
Rooting time (d) Hairy root frequency (%) Hairy root density
Unfully expanded immature leaves 16
2.3±0.2 bc
1.0±0 b
Immature leaves from 1st to 2nd nodes 13
18.1±1.2 a
1.9±0.4 a
Immature leaves from 3rd to 4th nodes 14
10.7±0.3 b
1.7±0.2 a
Immature leaves from 5th to 6th nodes 16
5.5±0.5 c
1.2±0.2 b
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Effects of preculture time on the induction efficiency of Pueraria lobata hairy roots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Precultivation time (d) Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
0 16 2.4±0.1 c 1.1±0.4 b
1 13 8.1±1.5 b 1.2±0.1 b
2 13 18.9±2.1 a 2.0±0.0 a
3 10 21.3±1.7 a 1.8±0.4 a
4 14 11.1±0.9 b 1.0±0.2 b
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550312965003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同预培养时间对野葛毛状根诱导效率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Precultivation time (d) Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
0 16 2.4±0.1 c 1.1±0.4 b
1 13 8.1±1.5 b 1.2±0.1 b
2 13 18.9±2.1 a 2.0±0.0 a
3 10 21.3±1.7 a 1.8±0.4 a
4 14 11.1±0.9 b 1.0±0.2 b
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550380073868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of infection time on the induction efficiency of Pueraria lobata hairy roots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Infection time (min) Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
15 10 20.9±2.7 a 1.7±0.6 a
20 11 19.7±3.3 a 1.8±0.2 a
25 13 14.3±2.1 a 1.0±0 b
30 16 9.1±1.4 b 1.0±0 b
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550447182733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同侵染时间对野葛毛状根诱导效率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Infection time (min) Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
15 10 20.9±2.7 a 1.7±0.6 a
20 11 19.7±3.3 a 1.8±0.2 a
25 13 14.3±2.1 a 1.0±0 b
30 16 9.1±1.4 b 1.0±0 b
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550531068814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effects of culture days on the induction efficiency of Pueraria lobata hairy roots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Culture days (d) Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
5 11 14.7±4.5 bc 2.0±0 a
8 10 22.4±3.7 a 1.9±0.5 a
11 11 16.4±3.5 b 1.6±0.3 ab
14 13 12.0±2.5 c 1.0±0 b
17 14 6.1±3.1 d 1.0±0 b
20 - 0 e -
23 - 0 e -
26 - 0 e -
29 - 0 e -
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550602371983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同培养天数对野葛毛状根诱导效率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Culture days (d) Rooting time (d) Hairy root
frequency (%)
Hairy root density
5 11 14.7±4.5 bc 2.0±0 a
8 10 22.4±3.7 a 1.9±0.5 a
11 11 16.4±3.5 b 1.6±0.3 ab
14 13 12.0±2.5 c 1.0±0 b
17 14 6.1±3.1 d 1.0±0 b
20 - 0 e -
23 - 0 e -
26 - 0 e -
29 - 0 e -
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550669480848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Effects of subculture time on the induction efficien- cy of Pueraria lobata hairy roots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Subculture times (t) Rooting time (d) Hairy root frequency (%) Hairy root density
1 9 2.2±0.8 d 1.0±0 b
3 10 11.1±2.3 b 1.0±0 b
5 9 18.9±1.7 a 1.9±0.2 a
7 10 16.7±2.6 a 2.1±0.1 a
9 10 17.0±1.1 a 2.0±0 a
11 11 15.6±3.7 a 1.8±0.2 a
13 11 14.1±2.1 ab 1.8±0.4 a
15 12 11.2±0.4 b 1.4±0.2 ab
17 13 6.7±2.2 c 1.1±0.3 b
19 13 4.3±1.9 cd 1.0±0 b
21 - 0 e -
23 - 0 e -
25 - 0 e -
), ArticleFig(id=1319334550736589713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334540267606820, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同继代次数对野葛毛状根诱导效率的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Subculture times (t) Rooting time (d) Hairy root frequency (%) Hairy root density
1 9 2.2±0.8 d 1.0±0 b
3 10 11.1±2.3 b 1.0±0 b
5 9 18.9±1.7 a 1.9±0.2 a
7 10 16.7±2.6 a 2.1±0.1 a
9 10 17.0±1.1 a 2.0±0 a
11 11 15.6±3.7 a 1.8±0.2 a
13 11 14.1±2.1 ab 1.8±0.4 a
15 12 11.2±0.4 b 1.4±0.2 ab
17 13 6.7±2.2 c 1.1±0.3 b
19 13 4.3±1.9 cd 1.0±0 b
21 - 0 e -
23 - 0 e -
25 - 0 e -
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发根农杆菌介导的野葛毛状根遗传转化体系
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曾文丹 1 , 严华兵 1, * , 吴正丹 2 , 尚小红 1 , 曹升 1 , 陆柳英 1 , 肖亮 1 , 施平丽 1 , 程冬 1 , 龙紫媛 1 , 李婕宇 1
植物学报 | 技术方法 2025,60(3): 425-434
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植物学报 |技术方法 2025 , 60 (3) : 425 -434
发根农杆菌介导的野葛毛状根遗传转化体系
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曾文丹1, 严华兵1, * , 吴正丹2, 尚小红1, 曹升1, 陆柳英1, 肖亮1, 施平丽1, 程冬1, 龙紫媛1, 李婕宇1
作者信息
  • 1广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所, 南宁 530007
  • 2广西大学, 南宁 530004
通讯作者:

*严华兵, 男, 1979年5月生, 博士。现任广西农业科学院经济作物研究所所长, 兼任广西薯类创新团队首席专家、国家食药同源产业科技创新联盟葛根专委会主任委员, 荣获第八批广西“十百千”知识产权领军人才。其科研团队主要从事木薯、葛根等特色薯类植物资源收集、生物技术育种、良种繁育、高效栽培以及资源开发利用等研究工作。先后主持IAEA国际合作项目、国家重点研发计划子课题、国家自然科学基金、自治区主席科技资金等农业科研项目20余项。科研成果获得广西科技进步二等奖1项、广西科技进步三等奖2项。带领团队育成“桂木薯6号”等木薯新品种5个。以第一完成人获得国家发明专利10余项。以第一作者或通讯作者在Horticulture Research、DNA Research和植物生理学报等专业刊物上发表论文90余篇, 其中国际刊物20余篇。主编专著2部, 作为副主编合编著作2部。E-mail:
Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated Transformation System of Pueraria lobata Hairy Roots
Zeng Wendan1, Yan Huabing1, * , Wu Zhengdan2, Shang Xiaohong1, Cao Sheng1, Lu Liuying1, Xiao Liang1, Shi Pingli1, Cheng Dong1, Long Ziyuan1, Li Jieyu1
Affiliations
  • 1Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
  • 2Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB24092
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为建立高效的野葛(Pueraria lobata)毛状根遗传转化体系, 以野葛组培苗为外植体, 探讨不同因素对野葛毛状根遗传转化效率的影响。结果表明, 基因型是建立野葛毛状根高效遗传转化体系的主要限制因子; 发根农杆菌K599为最适宜的菌株; 以培养5-13代组培苗继代培养8天、第1-2节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片为最佳外植体材料, 预培养3天, 菌液侵染15分钟, 毛状根诱导率最高, 可达22.4%。野葛毛状根继代增殖的最佳培养基类型为固体培养基, 其毛状根鲜重是液体培养基中毛状根鲜重的75倍; PCR检测和荧光显微观察结果显示, GFP及rolB基因在野葛毛状根基因组中稳定表达, 共转化率为80%。研究初步建立了发根农杆菌介导的野葛毛状根遗传转化体系, 旨在为野葛基因功能研究奠定基础。
野葛  /  发根农杆菌  /  毛状根  /  遗传转化

INTRODUCTION:An efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation system for Pueraria lobata was established.

RATIONALE: In this study, tissue-cultured plantlets of P. lobata were used as explants to investigate the effects of different genotypes, A. rhizogenes strains, explants, precultivation times, infection times, culture days, subculture times, and culture methods on the efficiency of hairy root genetic transformation in P. lobata.

RESULTS: The results indicated that the induction rate of hairy root formation was the highest when the immature leaves of YG-19 were used as the explant material, reaching 10.2%. A. rhizogenes K599 was identified as the most suitable strain. The optimal explant material was immature leaves that had just unfolded from the first to second nodes of the 5th to 13th generation tissue culture plantlets subcultured for 8 days. After 3 days of pre-culture and 15 minutes of bacterial infection, the highest induction rate of hairy roots reached 22.4%. The optimal type of culture medium for the proliferation of hairy roots in P. lobatawas solid medium culture, and the fresh weight of hairy roots grown on solid medium was 75 times greater than that of hairy roots grown in liquid medium. PCR detection and fluorescence microscopy assays revealed that the expression of GFP and rolB genes in the hairy roots of P. lobata was stable, and the rate of cotransformation was 80%.

CONCLUSION: Genotype, A. rhizogenes strain, and culture duration were the most critical factors for the efficient genetic transformation of hairy roots in P. lobata.

Pueraria lobata  /  Agrobacterium rhizogenes  /  hairy roots  /  genetic transformation
曾文丹, 严华兵, 吴正丹, 尚小红, 曹升, 陆柳英, 肖亮, 施平丽, 程冬, 龙紫媛, 李婕宇. 发根农杆菌介导的野葛毛状根遗传转化体系. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (3) : 425 -434 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24092
Zeng Wendan, Yan Huabing, Wu Zhengdan, Shang Xiaohong, Cao Sheng, Lu Liuying, Xiao Liang, Shi Pingli, Cheng Dong, Long Ziyuan, Li Jieyu. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated Transformation System of Pueraria lobata Hairy Roots[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (3) : 425 -434 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24092
野葛(Pueraria lobata)为豆科葛属(Pueraria)多年生藤本植物, 其块根富含葛根素、大豆苷和大豆苷元等异黄酮类化合物, 具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂和提高免疫力等功效, 广泛应用于治疗高血压、冠心病和心绞痛等疾病, 市场需求较大(朱卫丰等, 2021)。
发根农杆菌可通过Ri质粒的T-DNA整合到寄主植物基因组中产生毛状根, 同时将携带的外源基因整合到植物基因组中实现共转化。目前, 已建立多种植物的毛状根遗传转化体系(施和平等, 2016; 任如意等, 2017; Cui et al., 2020; Kiryushkin et al., 2022; 杜静雅等, 2023)。影响农杆菌转化效率的因素很多, 包括外植体的种类、部位、生理状态以及农杆菌的种类和浓度等, 如何提高毛状根诱导率是最关键的技术问题(Park and Facchini, 2000)。目前, 有关野葛毛状根遗传转化体系的研究较少。于树宏等(2001)研究发现, 降低菌种活化液的pH值和增加一定量的肌醇可以提高R1601菌株的致根性, 野葛毛状根的诱导率和诱导密度显著提高; 刘传飞等(2000)开展了农杆菌R1601对野葛、山葛(P. montana)以及草葛(Neustanthus phaseoloides)叶片毛状根诱导效率的研究; 梁朋等(2004)认为较高浓度的蔗糖有利于野葛毛状根生长; Shi和Kintzios (2003)利用农杆菌ATCC15834获得了最高转化效率(70%)。与固体培养相比, 野葛毛状根在液体培养基中不仅生长迅速, 而且其可溶性总糖含量是固体培养基上毛状根的5.25倍(施和平等, 2003)。本文在前人研究基础上, 进一步探讨野葛毛状根遗传转化的影响因素, 旨在建立高效的遗传转化体系, 为野葛次生代谢产物和基因功能研究奠定基础。
野葛(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi)无菌组培苗和发根农杆菌菌株K599 (Kan抗性)、R1601 (Kan抗性)、ATCC15834 (Rif抗性)和Ar4 (Rif抗性)均由广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所提供。
挑取发根农杆菌阳性单菌落, 接种到含相应抗生素的YEB液体培养基中, 28°C、200 r·min−1振荡培养, 待其OD值A600达到0.6-0.8时停止培养。取菌液, 4 000 ×g离心10分钟, 弃上清液。用YEB液体培养基重悬, 调整OD值至0.5左右, 待用。发根农杆菌K599含有Ti质粒, 其GFP共转化载体信息如图1所示。
取培养15天不同品系(YG-18、YG-19、YG-50、YG-51和YG-81)野葛的组培苗。取第2-3节位幼嫩叶, 将叶柄和茎剪成长度约为5 mm的小段, 在MS固体培养基上预培养2天后置于K599侵染液中, 振荡培养15分钟后将外植体取出。在无菌滤纸上晾干至表面无明显菌液后转入MS固体培养基上共培养2天, 然后转入配方为MS+100 mg·mL−1头孢噻肟钠(cef)的毛状根诱导培养基上暗培养, 每隔7天用相同培养基转接1次, 待外植体产生不定根后, 将其转入相同培养基, 在无植物生长调节剂的培养基上正常继代增殖且水平生长即为毛状根。30天后统计毛状根的诱导率。每个处理接种4皿, 每皿接种20个外植体, 重复3次。
取培养15天的YG-19组培苗第2-3节位幼嫩叶片, 置于不同发根农杆菌(K599、R1601、ATCC15834和Ar4)侵染液中, 振荡培养15分钟后将外植体取出。以YEB液体培养基浸泡外植体作为对照, 后续毛状根诱导操作步骤同1.2.2节。
分别取未完全展开的幼嫩叶片, 以及第1-2节、3-4节和5-6节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片为外植体材料。后续毛状根诱导操作步骤同1.2.2节。
将1-2节位幼嫩叶片置于MS固体培养基上, 分别预培养0、1、2、3和4天, 然后置于K599侵染液中振荡培养15分钟。后续毛状根诱导操作步骤同1.2.2节。
将1-2节位幼嫩叶片预培养3天, 然后置于K599侵染液中分别振荡培养15、20、25和30分钟后取出。后续毛状根诱导操作步骤同1.2.2节。
分别取继代培养5-29天的组培苗1-2节位幼嫩叶片作为外植体。后续毛状根诱导操作步骤同1.2.2节。
分别取继代次数为1-25代, 苗龄为8天的野葛组培苗1-2节位幼嫩叶片作为外植体。后续毛状根诱导操作步骤同1.2.2节。
选取生长状态稳定一致的同根系野葛YG-19毛状根, 称取(0.5±0.05) g, 分别在MS固体和MS液体培养基中进行继代增殖。20天后观察毛状根的生长状态并称量其鲜重。
在激发光源的蓝光下观察组培苗和转基因毛状根, 以组培苗的正常生长根作为阴性对照, 初步判断呈现绿色荧光的毛状根为转基因阳性毛状根, 不发光的为阴性毛状根, 计算野葛阳性毛状根的诱导效率。
提取诱导生成的毛状根的基因组DNA, 根据GFP、rolB和virG基因序列设计检测引物(表1)。PCR检测体系: 5 μL 2× Taq Master Mix, 上、下游引物各0.5 μL, 1 μL模板DNA, 加ddH2O补充总体积至10 μL。反应程序: 94°C预变性5分钟; 94°C变性30秒, 60°C退火30秒, 72°C延伸30秒, 35个循环; 72°C延伸10分钟。
除特殊说明外, 培养基均添加30.0 g·L−1蔗糖以及6.0 g·L−1琼脂粉, pH5.8。培养条件为温度(25±1)°C, 暗培养。
毛状根诱导率(%)=(产生毛状根的外植体数/总外植体数)×100; 毛状根诱导密度=产生毛状根的总条数/产生毛状根的外植体数; 增长倍数=(毛状根培养后的质量−毛状根培养前的质量)/毛状根培养前的质量。数据处理使用SPSS 18.0软件, 采用Duncan多重比较检验法进行差异显著性分析, 采用Excel 2010软件计算标准误差并绘制图表。
不同基因型及不同外植体材料的毛状根诱导率如表2所示。YG-18和YG-50的不同部位外植体均无法成功诱导毛状根; 除YG-19外, 其余2个基因型的外植体毛状根诱导率均较低; 3个不同基因型(YG-19、YG-51和YG-81)的幼嫩叶片和叶柄均可成功诱导毛状根(图2A, B), 而老叶、茎段和茎尖均无法诱导毛状根。发根农杆菌K599侵染YG-19的不同外植体后, 随着培养时间的推移, 叶片和叶柄发生了一系列变化, 基部开始变厚并形成愈伤组织, 最初为乳白色, 后期部分愈伤组织发生褐化。侵染14天左右, 在乳白色的愈伤组织部位形成不定根。YG-51野葛品种的叶柄对发根农杆菌更加敏感, 其毛状根诱导率较嫩叶高。以YG-19刚展开的幼嫩叶片为外植体时毛状根的诱导率最高(为10.2%)。因此, 野葛毛状根诱导的最佳外植体材料为YG-19组培苗刚展开的幼嫩叶片。
不同发根农杆菌诱导野葛毛状根其诱导效率具有显著差异(表3)。ATCC15834和Ar4的毛状根诱导率均为0, K599的诱导效率最高, 相比R1601增幅达45.78%。且K599菌株诱导外植体产生毛状根的时间最短, 诱导密度最大, 因此选择K599作为野葛毛状根诱导的最适农杆菌菌种。
不同部位幼嫩叶片对毛状根诱导效率影响较大, 未完全展开的幼嫩叶片诱导率最低(仅2.3%), 显著低于不同部位刚展开的幼嫩叶片诱导率(表4; 图2A)。以第1-2节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片毛状根诱导率最高(为18.1%), 相比3-4节位和5-6节位叶片诱导率增幅分别为69.2%和229.1%。且1-2节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片产生毛状根的时间仅为11天, 分别比未完全展开的幼嫩叶片、3-4节位以及5-6节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片出根时间减少3天、1天和3天; 诱导密度相比未完全展开的幼嫩叶片、3-4节位以及5-6节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片增幅分别为96.03%、14.45%和60.98%。因此, 以第1-2节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片为最佳外植体材料。
不同预培养时间下野葛毛状根诱导效率具有显著差异(表5)。YG-19组培苗第1-2节位刚展开的幼嫩叶片经K599农杆菌感染10天左右均开始长根, 而未经预培养的叶片感染16天左右才陆续出根。其中以预培养3天的毛状根诱导率最高(为21.3%), 相比预培养0、1、2和4天的诱导率, 增幅分别为787.5%、162.9%、12.7%和91.89%; 其诱导密度除预处理2天(为2.0)外, 均高于其它处理, 但出根时间最短, 仅需10天。因此以预培养3天为最佳预培养天数。
不同侵染时间对毛状根诱导效率的影响如表6所示。随着侵染时间的推移, 诱导率随之降低。侵染30分钟时毛状根诱导率最低(仅9.1%), 显著低于其它3个处理。侵染15分钟, 毛状根诱导率最高(为20.9%), 相比侵染20、25和30分钟增幅分别为6.1%、46.2%和129.7%。侵染15分钟和侵染20分钟毛状根出根时间、诱导率和诱导密度均差异不显著。因此, 以侵染15- 20分钟为最佳侵染时间。
不同继代培养天数的野葛组培苗幼嫩叶片其毛状根诱导效率具有显著差异(表7), 即苗龄是影响野葛毛状根诱导的重要因素之一。随着继代培养天数的增加, 诱导率呈现先升高后降低趋势, 培养天数大于20天的组培苗无法成功诱导野葛毛状根; 诱导密度呈现降低趋势。培养5天的组培苗幼嫩叶片的诱导密度最高(为2.0); 随着培养天数的推移, 野葛毛状根的出根时间也随之延迟。当组培苗继代培养8天时, 幼嫩叶片诱导率最高(为22.4%), 诱导密度也较高。因此, 以继代培养8天的组培苗幼嫩叶片为最佳外植体材料。
不同继代次数组培苗幼嫩叶片其毛状根诱导效率具有显著差异(表8; 图2C, D), 即不同继代次数也是影响野葛毛状根诱导的重要因素之一。随着继代次数的增加, 诱导率呈现先升高后降低趋势, 当组培苗继代次数≥21代时, 幼嫩叶片无法成功诱导野葛毛状根。外植体为第1代组培苗叶片时, 其诱导率仅为2.2%, 第3代组培苗叶片的诱导率显著增加, 增幅达404.5%。第5-13代组培苗叶片毛状根诱导率差异不显著, 诱导率基本稳定在16%左右, 诱导密度也保持在1.8-2.1之间。因此, 以继代培养5-13代组培苗幼嫩叶片为最佳外植体材料。
将诱导的YG-19毛状根分别置于无植物生长调节剂MS固体培养基和液体培养基上进行继代增殖培养。在固体培养基上培养4天左右即可产生新的毛状根分支, 且生长旺盛, 20天左右即可长满整个培养皿。而毛状根在液体培养基中生长缓慢, 逐渐褐化死亡(图3B, C), 仅有少量毛状根长出新的毛状根, 但呈玻璃化, 水渍化程度较高。培养20天后, 固体培养基上生长的毛状根鲜重是液体培养基中毛状根鲜重的75倍(图3A)。
在激发光源(波长为480 nm)的蓝光下观察组培苗和转基因毛状根, 以组培苗的根作为阴性对照, 初步判断呈现绿色荧光的毛状根为转基因阳性毛状根, 不发光的为阴性毛状根(图4A)。
选取20个毛状根系进行PCR鉴定, 结果显示, 转基因毛状根材料中均未检测出virG基因; T1-T20农杆菌K599诱导的转基因野葛毛状根中有16个能检测到GFP和rolB基因条带(图4B), 表明K599诱导产生阳性毛状根效率为80%。
基因型是影响发根农杆菌转化效率的主要因素之一, 不同基因型植物细胞的生理状态不同, 因而在受到外界发根农杆菌的刺激时, 其植物激素水平和细胞本身的防御应答情况存在差异(Crane et al., 2016; Aggarwal et al., 2018; 程媛等, 2022; 张郎郎等, 2022)。对14个葫芦(Lagenaria siceraria)基因型进行筛选, 发现不同基因型葫芦的发根诱导率、发根数和转化效率均有很大差异(Wang et al., 2022)。然而, 研究发现花生(Arachis hypogaea)和谷子(Setaria italica)的不同品种对毛状根诱导效率无影响, 诱导效率均较高(Geng et al., 2012; 万夷曼等, 2023)。目前,野葛不同品种(系)对毛状根诱导效率的影响尚未见报道。刘传飞等(2000)仅开展不同葛属植物毛状根诱导率的研究, 结果表明野葛、山葛和草葛毛状根诱导率分别为16.6%、16.2%和26.6%。本研究对5个不同野葛品系不同部位外植体进行研究, 发现不同基因型野葛毛状根诱导率具有显著差异, 资源种YG-19幼嫩叶片的毛状根诱导效率最高, 转化效率可达80%, 为最适遗传转化受体材料。
菌株类型也是影响发根农杆菌转化效率的重要因素。本研究采用前人已在野葛中成功应用的菌株ATCC15834和R1601以及常用菌株K599和Ar4, 结果表明不同菌株的毛状根诱导率差异显著, ATCC15834和Ar4未能够成功诱导野葛毛状根的发生, 而R1601诱导率仅为8.3%。该结果与刘传飞等(2000)以及Shi和Kintzios (2003)的研究结果不一致。刘传飞等(2000)利用农杆菌R1601在未进行体系优化的情况下获得了16%的毛状根诱导率; Shi和Kintzios (2003)利用ATCC15834获得了80%的毛状根诱导率, 70%的转化效率。而本研究中最佳菌株为K599, 毛状根诱导率最高为22.4%, 转化效率为80%。其它植物中也有类似现象。有研究表明K599是诱导光果柱花草(Stylosanthes leiocarpa)的最佳菌株, 而无法诱导细茎柱花草(S. gracilis)产生毛状根(赵兴坤等, 2023; 孙昊等, 2024)。这可能是由于不同基因型对不同菌株的敏感性有差异所致。
外植体经过短时间的预培养, 有助于增强其适应性, 便于切口处的细胞进行自我修复, 进而激发植物组织细胞增殖, 维持其旺盛的生长活力。而处于分裂期的细胞更利于质粒整合外源T-DNA, 从而提高外源基因的转化效率(陈友明等, 2017)。在一定范围内, 随着预培养时间的增加, 毛状根诱导率上升, 进而获得最佳预培养时间, 培养时间过长反而影响毛状根的诱导率(付春祥等, 2004; 施和平等, 2017)。本研究表明, 野葛外植体叶片不经过预培养, 毛状根诱导率极低(仅2.1%); 最佳预培养时间为3天, 随着预培养时间的继续延长, 毛状根诱导率降低。
不同苗龄的外植体对外界因子的诱导反应不同, 故选择合适苗龄的组培苗作为外植体材料, 对于建立高效的遗传转化体系非常重要(祝红艺, 2005; 张程程, 2011; 胡建琼, 2021)。10天苗龄的川黄柏(Phellodendron chinese)遗传转化效率最高(王跃华, 2006); 谢晓婷等(2022)研究发现, 影响发根农杆菌侵染薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)毛状根诱导率的因素排序为苗龄>处理部位>菌液浓度>菌种。本研究中, 不同苗龄外植体材料的毛状根诱导率具有显著差异, 当培养天数大于20天时, 组培苗无法成功诱导野葛毛状根的发生, 以培养8天的组培苗幼嫩叶片为最佳外植体材料。
在继代培养时发现野葛毛状根在MS液体培养基中生长极其缓慢, 而在含有相同营养成分的固体培养基上却生长旺盛, 这与徐悦等(2019)毛状根继代培养的实验结果相同, 但与于树宏等(2002)和施和平等(2003)的研究结果不一致。可能是由于不同基因型毛状根的生长对支持剂有一定的差异, 或者是由于不同基因型毛状根对液体培养基营养元素的配比需求不同。后续将继续优化液体培养基的营养成分并进一步验证。
本研究中, 野葛毛状根诱导体系的建立是利用组织培养技术, 在无菌环境中进行遗传转化, 操作难度相对较大, 如能突破组培环境培养的限制, 可大大提高工作效率和降低成本。目前已有研究表明, 在马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)和番薯(Ipomoea batatas)等薯类作物上可直接在体外条件下通过简单的操作实现遗传转化(Cao et al., 2023; Mei et al., 2024), 在野葛中尚未见相关报道。后续将开展野葛非组培条件下遗传转化技术的研究。
曾文丹: 设计并完成实验, 分析数据及撰写论文初稿; 严华兵和吴正丹: 指导实验设计; 尚小红、曹升、陆柳英和肖亮: 参与数据分析及论文修改; 施平丽、程冬、龙紫媛和李婕宇: 参与部分实验设计及实验操作。
  • 广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026297)
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23023035)
  • 广西科技计划(桂科AB22080090)
  • 广西薯类创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd-2023-11)
  • 科技先锋队(桂农科盟202414)
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2025年第60卷第3期
81
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doi: 10.11983/CBB24092
  • 接收时间:2024-06-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11
  • 录用日期:2024-12-26
基金
广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026297)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23023035)
广西科技计划(桂科AB22080090)
广西薯类创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd-2023-11)
科技先锋队(桂农科盟202414)
作者信息
    1广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所, 南宁 530007
    2广西大学, 南宁 530004

通讯作者:


*严华兵, 男, 1979年5月生, 博士。现任广西农业科学院经济作物研究所所长, 兼任广西薯类创新团队首席专家、国家食药同源产业科技创新联盟葛根专委会主任委员, 荣获第八批广西“十百千”知识产权领军人才。其科研团队主要从事木薯、葛根等特色薯类植物资源收集、生物技术育种、良种繁育、高效栽培以及资源开发利用等研究工作。先后主持IAEA国际合作项目、国家重点研发计划子课题、国家自然科学基金、自治区主席科技资金等农业科研项目20余项。科研成果获得广西科技进步二等奖1项、广西科技进步三等奖2项。带领团队育成“桂木薯6号”等木薯新品种5个。以第一完成人获得国家发明专利10余项。以第一作者或通讯作者在Horticulture Research、DNA Research和植物生理学报等专业刊物上发表论文90余篇, 其中国际刊物20余篇。主编专著2部, 作为副主编合编著作2部。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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