Article(id=1321852179053396088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB25139, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB25139, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753804800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1753977600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-01, onlineDate=1793083718311, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793083718311, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793083718311, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793083718311, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321852178331979976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='859', pageEnd='1035', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793083718140, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793083787009, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321852467248223111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321852467252417416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=859, endPage=862, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321852179279888505, articleId=1321852179053396088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Homoploid Hybrid Speciation Produces Surprising Innovative Traits, columnId=1321790801751949715, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=SPOTLIGHT, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Recent research has discovered that an ancient homoploid interspecific hybridization event between ancestral species of the tomato lineage (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon) and sect. Etuberosum lineage in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) gave rise to the ancestral species of the potato lineage (sect. Petota) and generated the innovative "potato" tuber trait. This hybridization event not only introduced this key innovative trait but also triggered the exploitation of new ecological niches, ultimately leading to the explosive emergence of species within the potato clade. This study, together with related case studies in recent years, collectively reveals the universality of the molecular mechanism of homoploid hybrid speciation—namely, "generating innovative traits through the alternate inheritance of highly diverged alleles from both parental lineages". These findings hold significant implications for revising the traditional bifurcating speciation model and advancing the paradigm shift in artificial breeding practices.

, authors=Wen Wang*, authorsList=Wen Wang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wen Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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最新研究发现, 茄科植物中的番茄组与类马铃薯组的祖先物种, 通过一次古老的同倍杂交物种形成事件, 产生了具有“马铃薯/土豆”这一创新性状的马铃薯组祖先物种。这一杂交事件不仅带来了关键创新性状, 还触发了新生态位的开拓, 并最终导致马铃薯组物种的爆发式产生。该研究连同近年来的相关案例, 共同揭示了“交替继承双亲高分化等位基因以产生创新性状”这一同倍杂交物种形成分子机制的普适性。这些发现对于修订传统的二分枝物种形成模型以及推动生物人工育种范式的革新具有重要意义。

, authors=王文*, authorsList=王文, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王文, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王文教授团队主要从事进化生物学研究。主持新基石研究员和国家自然科学基金重点项目等课题。在Nature、Science和Cell等国际知名期刊发表论文100余篇, 引用超过2.5万次。获得国家自然科学奖二等奖等若干奖励。E-mail:
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同倍杂交物种形成演化出令人惊奇的创新性状
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王文 *
植物学报 | 热点评述 2025,60(6): 859-862
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植物学报 |热点评述 2025 , 60 (6) : 859 -862
同倍杂交物种形成演化出令人惊奇的创新性状
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王文*
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  • 西北工业大学生态环境学院, 西安 710072
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* 王文教授团队主要从事进化生物学研究。主持新基石研究员和国家自然科学基金重点项目等课题。在Nature、Science和Cell等国际知名期刊发表论文100余篇, 引用超过2.5万次。获得国家自然科学奖二等奖等若干奖励。E-mail:
Homoploid Hybrid Speciation Produces Surprising Innovative Traits
Wen Wang*
Affiliations
  • School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB25139
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最新研究发现, 茄科植物中的番茄组与类马铃薯组的祖先物种, 通过一次古老的同倍杂交物种形成事件, 产生了具有“马铃薯/土豆”这一创新性状的马铃薯组祖先物种。这一杂交事件不仅带来了关键创新性状, 还触发了新生态位的开拓, 并最终导致马铃薯组物种的爆发式产生。该研究连同近年来的相关案例, 共同揭示了“交替继承双亲高分化等位基因以产生创新性状”这一同倍杂交物种形成分子机制的普适性。这些发现对于修订传统的二分枝物种形成模型以及推动生物人工育种范式的革新具有重要意义。

马铃薯组  /  番茄组  /  同倍杂交物种形成  /  交替继承  /  高分化等位基因  /  创新性状  /  普适性

Recent research has discovered that an ancient homoploid interspecific hybridization event between ancestral species of the tomato lineage (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon) and sect. Etuberosum lineage in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) gave rise to the ancestral species of the potato lineage (sect. Petota) and generated the innovative "potato" tuber trait. This hybridization event not only introduced this key innovative trait but also triggered the exploitation of new ecological niches, ultimately leading to the explosive emergence of species within the potato clade. This study, together with related case studies in recent years, collectively reveals the universality of the molecular mechanism of homoploid hybrid speciation—namely, "generating innovative traits through the alternate inheritance of highly diverged alleles from both parental lineages". These findings hold significant implications for revising the traditional bifurcating speciation model and advancing the paradigm shift in artificial breeding practices.

Petota  /  Lycopersicon (tomato)  /  homoploid hybrid speciation  /  alternate inheritance  /  highly diverged alleles  /  innovative trait  /  universality
王文. 同倍杂交物种形成演化出令人惊奇的创新性状. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 859 -862 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25139
Wen Wang. Homoploid Hybrid Speciation Produces Surprising Innovative Traits[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (6) : 859 -862 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25139
物种形成(speciation)是演化生物学研究的核心问题之一, 其内在遗传学机制有多种假说(Coyne and Orr, 2004)。然而, 由于物种形成的时间尺度远超人类文明和寿命, 现实中对各种机制的实证研究往往缺乏扎实有效的证据链。经典物种形成理论强调“一个祖先物种通过生殖隔离的建立而分化形成两个独立物种”的演化过程。随着研究的深入, 学界逐渐认识到, 种间杂交(interspecific hybridization)同样是驱动物种形成的重要力量。根据基因组倍性变化的不同, 杂交物种形成可以分为2种模式: 其一为异源多倍化物种形成(allopolyploid speciation), 即通过杂交多倍化产生与亲本物种存在生殖隔离的新谱系(Grant, 1981); 其二为同倍杂交物种形成(homoploid hybrid speciation), 即在不改变基因组倍性的情况下, 杂交后代与亲本建立生殖隔离, 进而驱动新物种的产生(Abbott et al., 2013)。尽管种间杂交在自然界物种多样化过程中普遍存在, 但同倍杂交物种形成由于缺乏染色体倍性变化所导致的普遍隔离机制, 其所需的生态和演化条件比异源多倍化物种形成更为严格。因此, 解析同倍杂交物种形成的分子遗传机制, 首先需要鉴定在物种形成初期决定生殖隔离性状的关键基因。然而, 由于物种形成过程的高度复杂性和机制多样性, 加之早期关键遗传变异易被后续演化事件所掩盖, 使得这项研究面临严峻挑战。传统研究方法或体系在检测古老杂交信号和定位关键基因方面的灵敏度不足, 也往往缺乏对这些关键基因的功能实证, 导致难以准确追溯和澄清同倍杂交物种的演化历史, 严重制约了对同倍杂交物种形成过程, 特别是新物种独特性状形成分子机制的理解(王则夫和刘建全, 2025)。
Zhang等(2025)最近的一项研究以茄科重要的块茎类粮食作物马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)及其野生近缘种和近缘组物种为研究对象, 通过整合128个基因组的系统发育分析、基因演化鉴别和等位基因功能验证, 从分子层面清晰揭示了茄属(Solanum)马铃薯组(Sect. Petota, 包含栽培马铃薯和107个野生近缘种)的古老同倍杂交物种形成事件及其随后的适应性辐射物种多样化机制。研究发现, 马铃薯组祖先物种是由类马铃薯组(Sect. Etuberosum)祖先和番茄组(Sect. Lycopersicon或Tomato lineage)祖先在约800-900万年前杂交形成。这一时间窗口与安第斯山脉快速隆升期(600-1 000万年前)高度吻合, 表明地质变迁导致的多样性新生态位促进了这一古老的、通过同倍杂交以及随后众多“马铃薯”类物种的形成(Zhang et al., 2025)。进一步分析显示, 马铃薯组各成员交替继承了来自双亲的高分化等位基因(如IT1、SP6A、DRN和CLF), 并由此建立了创新性基因互作网络, 驱动了膨大块茎——“土豆”或“马铃薯”这一对人类来说十分关键的创新性状的起源。不同于双亲支系祖先的须状根系, 马铃薯组祖先不仅通过块茎营养繁殖和多年生特性, 克服了杂交后代初期因亲本间合子后生殖隔离导致的低育性困境, 渡过有性生殖恢复期; 而且形成后的块茎能适应安第斯山脉高海拔寒冷生境, 从而通过生态隔离强化合子前生殖隔离, 最终形成独立演化的马铃薯组祖先物种。此外, 块茎形成这一由杂交驱动的性状创新, 结合双亲分化等位基因的遗传重组和自然选择, 触发了该支系在新生态位中的辐射式分化, 产生了远多于2个亲本谱系的物种多样性(Zhang et al., 2025)。该研究以一个精巧的系统和研究思路, 阐明了古老同倍杂交物种事件通过“高分化等位基因新互作-关键性状创新-生态位扩张”的级联效应驱动辐射式物种多样化的分子机制, 揭示了杂交作为催化剂演化出性状创新以及促进物种形成的遗传基础。
由于存在更多位点的遗传分化, 种间杂交后代相比种内杂交后代会产生更为丰富的表型组合(王则夫和刘建全, 2025)。在同倍杂交物种形成过程中, 杂交后代部分群体迭代过程中通过交替继承双亲的高分化等位基因, 实现不同位点遗传等位变异的重新组合, 如AABBCCDD和aabbccdd不同等位基因差异化组合形成AAbbCCdd, 进而快速产生稳定的与2个亲本物种之间存在生殖隔离的性状和具有环境适应优势的新表型, 促使其快速演化为杂交新物种(Wang et al., 2021)。如果这一杂交物种形成的时间古老, 则可能进一步演化出更多新物种, 有些灭绝, 有些存活至今(如马铃薯组) (Zhang et al., 2025)。这一同倍杂交物种形成的分子遗传模型极具简洁性。更为重要的是, 同倍杂交物种(或谱系)为我们提供了一个关键桥梁, 能够通过与亲本基因组进行比较, 鉴定出哪些高分化基因被杂交谱系继承和固定, 产生了杂交谱系和其中一个亲本都存在、但区别于另一亲本的差异性状或在2个亲本中均未出现过的“创新性状”(Wang et al., 2021)。这一模型和方法形成了一个系统的研究框架(Long and Rieseberg, 2025), 采用该框架在植物中报道了多个同倍杂交成种案例和相关表型形成的分子机制(Wang et al., 2021, 2022, 2025)。例如, 同倍杂交物种居中虎榛子(Ostryopsis intermedia)继承了来自亲本物种滇虎榛子(O. nobilis)的FRO4和ZIP5等与铁元素吸收相关的高分化等位基因, 同时又交替继承了另一亲本物种虎榛子(O. davidiana)的LHY等与花期发育相关的高分化等位基因, 使得居中虎榛子既拥有与滇虎榛子一样更强的高铁环境适应性, 又拥有与虎榛子相同的更早的花期, 因而能与2个亲本同时发生生殖隔离, 从而快速形成一个新物种(Wang et al., 2021)。
过去认为同倍杂交物种形成在动物中较少存在, 但使用这一新研究框架也揭示了其在动物中的存在以及促进独特表型形成中的作用。例如, 灵长类动物黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus brelichi)源于金色川金丝猴与黑色滇/怒江金丝猴的同倍杂交物种形成事件; 由于其交替继承了来自不同亲本的毛色高分化等位基因(PAH、SLC4和5A2等), 使得杂交物种黔金丝猴具有金-黑镶嵌的毛色特征, 并形成了合子前生殖隔离(Wu et al., 2023)。而食蟹猴种组(fascicularis group)是大约350万年前通过狮尾猴种组(silenus group)和斯里兰卡种组(sinica group)古老同倍杂交物种形成起源的; 它通过交替继承来自双亲的生殖器官发育相关高分化等位基因(UGT1A9和PRLR等), 使食蟹猴种组产生了同时具有2个亲本外睾丸特征的独特外生殖器, 从而导致其早期的生殖隔离(Zhang et al., 2023)。亚洲黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)也可能是同倍杂交物种起源, 其亲本分别为北极熊/棕熊/美洲黑熊谱系支和马来熊/懒熊支的祖先; 通过继承双亲谱系中与体重相关的高分化等位基因(AKT2、PID1、MKRN1和PRKAB1等), 使得亚洲黑熊具有介于2个亲本之间的体型, 从而影响性选择生殖隔离(Zou et al., 2022)。一个尚未命名的同倍杂交谱系达尔文雀(Darwin’s finch) (Lamichhaney et al., 2018)通过继承亲本物种与喙发育、视觉和听觉相关的高分化等位基因, 使其形成了独特的视觉与听觉功能和喙性状组合, 并通过性选择生殖隔离快速形成独立演化谱系(Wang et al., 2021)。同时, 有证据表明, 蝴蝶中也可能通过种间杂交后代, 交替继承2个亲本的高分化基因和差异性状, 形成同时具有2个亲本翅膀颜色斑点的新性状组合, 产生同倍杂交新谱系(物种) (Rosser et al., 2024)。
总之, “土豆”谱系支(Zhang et al., 2025)以及其它案例(Lamichhaney et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2021, 2022, 2025; Zou et al., 2022; Wu et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023; Rosser et al., 2024)的研究结果揭示了“交替继承亲本高分化等位基因形成新性状”这一同倍杂交物种形成的分子机制和基本遗传模型(Wang et al., 2021)。这一模型和研究框架(Long and Rieseberg, 2025)能够跨越不同分类等级和生物类群, 展现出广泛的适用性(图1)。在当今科研界, 大家普遍追求利用现有理论体系和研究方法快速发表论文。而由我国学者主导、经多年探索提出的这一普适性杂交物种形成分子遗传模型, 实为难得。基于这一研究框架, 有望进一步揭示更多可能的同倍杂交物种形成案例及其重要性状形成的分子遗传机制。这不仅将在理论上促使进化生物学家重新审视和修订传统的基于二歧分化的经典物种形成模型(Coyne and Orr, 2004), 在实践上也能推动人工育种范式的革新。
王文: 构思并撰写论文。
  • 新基石研究员项目(2025)
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2025年第60卷第6期
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doi: 10.11983/CBB25139
  • 接收时间:2025-07-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-30
  • 录用日期:2025-08-01
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    西北工业大学生态环境学院, 西安 710072

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* 王文教授团队主要从事进化生物学研究。主持新基石研究员和国家自然科学基金重点项目等课题。在Nature、Science和Cell等国际知名期刊发表论文100余篇, 引用超过2.5万次。获得国家自然科学奖二等奖等若干奖励。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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