Article(id=1321852219083837888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB25060, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB25060, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744041600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1751299200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-01, onlineDate=1793083727856, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793083727856, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793083727856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793083727856, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321852178331979976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='859', pageEnd='1035', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793083718140, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793083787009, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321852467248223111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321852467252417416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1321852178331979976, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=901, endPage=913, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321852219318718913, articleId=1321852219083837888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Effects of Endogenous Hormones on Height Difference Between Main Stem and Tiller of Sorghum bicolor, columnId=1317485691135706105, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

INTRODUCTION: Tiller height higher than main stem is one of the important factors affecting the uniformity and mechanized production of sorghum. Sorghum with tiller height equal to that of the main stem can be densely planted and harvested mechanically. Endogenous hormones play an important regulatory role in the process of plant height development. Understanding the impact of endogenous hormones on the height difference between main stem and tiller in sorghum is of great significance for the improvement of sorghum varieties with tiller higher than the main stem.
RATIONALE: To further explore the effects of endogenous hormones on height difference between main stem and tiller of sorghum, Sorghum K35-Y5 with the similar height of main stem and tiller and 1383 with higher tiller than main stem were used to measure the plant height and endogenous hormone contents in main stem booting stage, tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage, and analyze the dynamic change and correlation, laying a foundation for studying the regulatory mechanisms of main stem and tiller height in sorghum and for improving plant architecture.
RESULTS: The height difference of main stem and tiller in different stages showed that the main stem of K35-Y5 was higher than that of tiller in the first three periods, and the height of main stem and tiller was basically the same at tiller flowering stage. The main stem height of 1383 was higher than that of tiller in main stem booting stage, the height of main stem and tiller was basically the same in tiller booting stage, and the height of tiller was higher than that of main stem in the latter two stages. Analysis of dynamic changes of endogenous hormone in different stages showed that GA3 content in main stem and tiller was basically consistent with the change of plant height. The dynamic change of ABA in K35-Y5 main stem and tiller is basically the same, which was significantly higher than main stem of 1383 tiller in main stem flowering stage. The contents of IAA, ICA, tZR, IPA, Dx and JA showed a decreasing trend. ACC, SA, JA and H2JA had no obvious characteristics. The correlation analysis showed that the difference of tiller and main stem was positively correlated with the relative content of GA3 at tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage, and positively correlated with the relative ratio of GA3/ABA at main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage.
CONCLUSION: The height difference of main stem and tiller was closely related to the relative content of GA3 at tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage. Through the treatment of GA3 and subsequent paraffin section analysis, we found that spraying GA3 affects cell elongation to achieve the improvement of plant height uniformity. This will be of great significance for the breeding of sorghum varieties suitable for mechanized production.

Differences in growth, height (A), and the GA3 contents (B) of main stem and tiller of K35-Y5 and 1383 at different stages. * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

, authors=Rui Wang1, Weijun Zhao1, Yang Bai1, Qingjun Cheng1, Haiyan Zhang1, Fengxia Yan1, Liang Ling2, *, authorsList=Rui Wang, Weijun Zhao, Yang Bai, Qingjun Cheng, Haiyan Zhang, Fengxia Yan, Liang Ling, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liang Ling, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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分蘖高于主茎是影响高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种整齐度和机械化生产的重要因素之一, 内源激素及其互作效应在植物株高建成过程中发挥关键调控作用。为探索内源激素对高粱主茎和分蘖株高差异的影响, 以主茎和分蘖高度一致的高粱品系K35-Y5以及分蘖高于主茎的高粱品系1383为材料, 测定了4个时期(主茎孕穗期、分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期)主茎与分蘖的株高性状和内源激素含量, 并分析了二者的变化特征及其相关性。不同时期主茎与分蘖株高差异变化分析发现, 在前3个时期K35-Y5的主茎均高于分蘖, 至分蘖开花期时主茎与分蘖株高基本一致; 在主茎孕穗期, 1383的主茎高于分蘖, 分蘖孕穗期时主茎与分蘖株高基本一致, 后2个时期则分蘖高于主茎。不同时期内源激素含量变化特征分析发现, GA3含量在主茎和分蘖中的变化趋势与株高基本一致; ABA含量在K35-Y5主茎和分蘖间变化趋势基本一致, 主茎开花期时1383的分蘖明显高于主茎。IAA、ICA、tZR、IPA、Dx和JA含量随着生育时期总体呈下降趋势; ACC、SA、JA和H2JA无明显变化规律。相关性分析表明, 分蘖和主茎的株高差异在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 与GA3相对含量呈显著正相关; 且在主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 与GA3/ABA相对比值呈显著正相关。综上所述, 在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, GA3相对含量与主茎和分蘖株高差异密切相关。通过GA3处理和石蜡切片, 我们发现外施GA3影响细胞的伸长, 可实现对株高整齐一致株型的改良, 对于选育适宜机械化生产的高粱品种具有重要意义。

, authors=王瑞1, 赵威军1, 白洋1, 程庆军1, 张海燕1, 闫凤霞1, 凌亮2, *, authorsList=王瑞, 赵威军, 白洋, 程庆军, 张海燕, 闫凤霞, 凌亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=凌亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 凌亮, 副研究员, 全国农产品质量安全与营养健康科普专员, 山西省食品营养与健康学会秘书长, 山西省功能食品产业技术体系岗位专家, 山西省农科“110”专家, 山西省科协、科技厅科学传播专家, 主要从事功能食品研究与开发应用及技术推广。现主持国家重点研发项目子课题1项, 山西省重点领域“揭榜挂帅”项目子课题1项, 制(修)订山西省地方标准11项, 获国家发明专利7项, 鉴定成果2项, 发表论文20余篇, 参编著作3部。获全国“科技助力精准扶贫”工作先进个人。E-mail:
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(A) The main stem and tiller growth of K35-Y5 and 1383 in different stages (a: K35-Y5 main stem at booting stage; b: K35-Y5 tiller at booting stage; c: K35-Y5 main stem at flowering stage; d: K35-Y5 tiller at flowering stage; e: 1383 main stem at booting stage; f: 1383 tiller at booting stage; g: 1383 main stem at flowering stage; h: 1383 tiller at flowering stage) (bars=5 cm); (B) Height differences of main stem and tiller of K35-Y5 and 1383 at different stages. * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=voEUNdbmsrOW/VY2Vb+vlA==, figureFileBig=VonYzxh/YPApahI+mh5Fiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852227669578243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同时期K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖长势及株高差异

(A) 不同时期K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖长势(a: K35-Y5主茎孕穗期; b: K35-Y5分蘖孕穗期; c: K35-Y5主茎开花期; d: K35-Y5分蘖开花期; e: 1383主茎孕穗期; f: 1383分蘖孕穗期; g: 1383主茎开花期; h: 1383分蘖开花期) (bars=5 cm); (B) 不同时期K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖株高差异。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=voEUNdbmsrOW/VY2Vb+vlA==, figureFileBig=VonYzxh/YPApahI+mh5Fiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852227912847876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The endogenous hormone contents of main stem and tiller of K35-Y5 and 1383 at different stages

The ACC (A), IAA (B), ICA (C), tZR (D), IPA (E), Dx (F), ABA (G), GA3 (H), SA (I), JA (J), and H2JA (K) content of main stem and tiller of K35-Y5 and 1383 in different stages. ACC: 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid; IAA: Indole-3-acetic acid; ICA: Indole-3-carboxaldehyde; tZR: Trans-zeatin-riboside; IPA: Isopentenyl adenosine; Dx: Doxifluridine; ABA: Abscisic acid; GA3: Gibberellin A3; SA: Salicylic acid; JA: (±)-jasmonic acid; H2JA: Dihydrojasmonic acid; I: Main stem booting stage; II: Tiller booting stage; Ill: Main stem flowering stage; IV: Tiller flowering stage. * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=dvn2tz6v9qo/+HVK1lG56w==, figureFileBig=JxI6mG2GNzCH9g7YnxkMEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228005122565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同时期K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的内源激素含量

不同时期, K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的ACC含量(A)、IAA含量(B)、ICA含量(C)、tZR含量(D)、IPA含量(E)、Dx含量(F)、ABA含量(G)、GA3含量(H)、SA含量(I)、JA含量(J)和H2JA含量(K)。ACC: 1-氨基环丙烷羧酸; IAA: 吲哚-3-乙酸; ICA: 吲哚-3-甲醛; tZR: 反式玉米素核苷; IPA: 异戊烯基腺苷; Dx: 去氧氟尿苷; ABA: 脱落酸; GA3: 赤霉素; SA: 水杨酸; JA: (±)-茉莉酸; H2JA: 二氢茉莉酸; I: 主茎孕穗期; II: 分蘖孕穗期; III: 主茎开花期; IV: 分蘖开花期。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=dvn2tz6v9qo/+HVK1lG56w==, figureFileBig=JxI6mG2GNzCH9g7YnxkMEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228093202950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The 1383 plant sprayed with gibberellin (GA3)

(A) The 1383 plant with the whole plant sprayed with GA3 (bar=5 cm); (B) The 1383 plant with the main stem sprayed with GA3 (bar=5 cm ). CK: Control. * indicate significant correlation at the 0.05 level. NS: Not significant

, figureFileSmall=b15hu6OyulofY7+yQye53Q==, figureFileBig=6v5j8i6rRHAZE5EyscP04A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228181283335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=CN, label=图3, caption=喷施赤霉素(GA3)的1383植株

(A) 全株喷施GA3的1383 (bar=5 cm); (B) 主茎喷施GA3的1383 (bar=5 cm ). CK: 对照。*表示在0.05水平上显著相关. NS: 相关性不显著

, figureFileSmall=b15hu6OyulofY7+yQye53Q==, figureFileBig=6v5j8i6rRHAZE5EyscP04A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228269363720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Comparison of the internode length between main stem and tiller

(A) 1383 without GA3 spraying; (B) The 1383 with the main stem sprayed with GA3. Horizontal coordinate: 1-13 indicate from the uppermost internode to the 13th from the top.

, figureFileSmall=anRXYUrd4jymJMdVwXM1dg==, figureFileBig=gEPmmKgH7F83sn+0SiPqEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228349055497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=CN, label=图4, caption=主茎与分蘖的节间长比较

(A) 未喷施GA3的1383; (B) 主茎喷施GA3的1383。横坐标轴: 1-13为倒一节至倒十三节。

, figureFileSmall=anRXYUrd4jymJMdVwXM1dg==, figureFileBig=gEPmmKgH7F83sn+0SiPqEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228411970058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Paraffin sections of the 3rd internode from the top of 1383

(A) 1383 main stem of without GA3 spraying; (B) 1383 tiller of without GA3 spraying; (C) 1383 main stem of main stem sprayed with GA3; (D) 1383 tiller of main stem sprayed with GA3. Bars=100 µm

, figureFileSmall=3j9Enp7C9HXi15BNER77TA==, figureFileBig=Hh/lU5DYM74GctMumKUIjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228487467531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=CN, label=图5, caption=1383倒三节的石蜡切片

(A) 未喷施GA3的1383主茎; (B) 未喷施GA3的1383分蘖; (C) 主茎喷施GA3的1383主茎; (D) 主茎喷施GA3的1383分蘖。Bars= 100 µm

, figureFileSmall=3j9Enp7C9HXi15BNER77TA==, figureFileBig=Hh/lU5DYM74GctMumKUIjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321852228571353612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The correlation analysis between height difference of stem and tiller and relative content of endogenous hormones in different stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Height ACC IAA ICA tZR IPA Dx ABA GA3 SA JA H2JA
Main stem booting stage 0.43 -0.45 -0.42 0.48 0.44 0.58 -0.43 0.42 0.45 0.49 0.29
Tiller booting stage 0.96** 0.68 -0.95** 0.97** -0.78 -0.38 0.90* 0.96** 0.95** -0.96** 0.92*
Main stem flowering stage -0.86* -0.7 0.40 -0.24 -0.69 0.93** 0.84* 0.88* 0.87* -0.87* 0.86*
Tiller flowering stage 0.89* 0.71 -0.84* 0.73 0.90* -0.90* -0.97** 0.91* -0.99** -0.90* -0.81*
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228642656781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同时期主茎与分蘖株高差异与内源激素相对含量的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Height ACC IAA ICA tZR IPA Dx ABA GA3 SA JA H2JA
Main stem booting stage 0.43 -0.45 -0.42 0.48 0.44 0.58 -0.43 0.42 0.45 0.49 0.29
Tiller booting stage 0.96** 0.68 -0.95** 0.97** -0.78 -0.38 0.90* 0.96** 0.95** -0.96** 0.92*
Main stem flowering stage -0.86* -0.7 0.40 -0.24 -0.69 0.93** 0.84* 0.88* 0.87* -0.87* 0.86*
Tiller flowering stage 0.89* 0.71 -0.84* 0.73 0.90* -0.90* -0.97** 0.91* -0.99** -0.90* -0.81*
), ArticleFig(id=1321852228718154254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The correlation analysis between height difference of stem and tiller and relative ratio of endogenous hormones in different stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Height IAA/ABA GA3/ABA tZR/ABA (IAA+GA3)/ABA (IAA+GA3+ tZR)/ABA
Main stem booting stage -0.45 0.45 0.47 -0.44 -0.40
Tiller booting stage -0.94** -0.97 -0.94** -0.94** -0.94**
Main stem flowering stage -0.84* 0.89* -0.69* -0.81 -0.81
Tiller flowering stage 0.93** 0.95** 0.90** 0.95** 0.96**
), ArticleFig(id=1321852230425235983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1321852219083837888, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同时期主茎和分蘖株高差异与多激素相对比值的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Height IAA/ABA GA3/ABA tZR/ABA (IAA+GA3)/ABA (IAA+GA3+ tZR)/ABA
Main stem booting stage -0.45 0.45 0.47 -0.44 -0.40
Tiller booting stage -0.94** -0.97 -0.94** -0.94** -0.94**
Main stem flowering stage -0.84* 0.89* -0.69* -0.81 -0.81
Tiller flowering stage 0.93** 0.95** 0.90** 0.95** 0.96**
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内源激素对高粱主茎与分蘖株高差异的影响
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王瑞 1 , 赵威军 1 , 白洋 1 , 程庆军 1 , 张海燕 1 , 闫凤霞 1 , 凌亮 2, *
植物学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(6): 901-913
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植物学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (6) : 901 -913
内源激素对高粱主茎与分蘖株高差异的影响
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王瑞1, 赵威军1, 白洋1, 程庆军1, 张海燕1, 闫凤霞1, 凌亮2, *
作者信息
  • 1 山西农业大学高粱研究所/农业农村部特种高粱育种及加工重点实验室, 晋中 030600
  • 2 山西农业大学山西功能食品研究院, 太原 030031
通讯作者:
* 凌亮, 副研究员, 全国农产品质量安全与营养健康科普专员, 山西省食品营养与健康学会秘书长, 山西省功能食品产业技术体系岗位专家, 山西省农科“110”专家, 山西省科协、科技厅科学传播专家, 主要从事功能食品研究与开发应用及技术推广。现主持国家重点研发项目子课题1项, 山西省重点领域“揭榜挂帅”项目子课题1项, 制(修)订山西省地方标准11项, 获国家发明专利7项, 鉴定成果2项, 发表论文20余篇, 参编著作3部。获全国“科技助力精准扶贫”工作先进个人。E-mail:
Effects of Endogenous Hormones on Height Difference Between Main Stem and Tiller of Sorghum bicolor
Rui Wang1, Weijun Zhao1, Yang Bai1, Qingjun Cheng1, Haiyan Zhang1, Fengxia Yan1, Liang Ling2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Special Sorghum Breeding and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Sorghum, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China
  • 2 Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB25060
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分蘖高于主茎是影响高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种整齐度和机械化生产的重要因素之一, 内源激素及其互作效应在植物株高建成过程中发挥关键调控作用。为探索内源激素对高粱主茎和分蘖株高差异的影响, 以主茎和分蘖高度一致的高粱品系K35-Y5以及分蘖高于主茎的高粱品系1383为材料, 测定了4个时期(主茎孕穗期、分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期)主茎与分蘖的株高性状和内源激素含量, 并分析了二者的变化特征及其相关性。不同时期主茎与分蘖株高差异变化分析发现, 在前3个时期K35-Y5的主茎均高于分蘖, 至分蘖开花期时主茎与分蘖株高基本一致; 在主茎孕穗期, 1383的主茎高于分蘖, 分蘖孕穗期时主茎与分蘖株高基本一致, 后2个时期则分蘖高于主茎。不同时期内源激素含量变化特征分析发现, GA3含量在主茎和分蘖中的变化趋势与株高基本一致; ABA含量在K35-Y5主茎和分蘖间变化趋势基本一致, 主茎开花期时1383的分蘖明显高于主茎。IAA、ICA、tZR、IPA、Dx和JA含量随着生育时期总体呈下降趋势; ACC、SA、JA和H2JA无明显变化规律。相关性分析表明, 分蘖和主茎的株高差异在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 与GA3相对含量呈显著正相关; 且在主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 与GA3/ABA相对比值呈显著正相关。综上所述, 在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, GA3相对含量与主茎和分蘖株高差异密切相关。通过GA3处理和石蜡切片, 我们发现外施GA3影响细胞的伸长, 可实现对株高整齐一致株型的改良, 对于选育适宜机械化生产的高粱品种具有重要意义。

高粱  /  主茎  /  分蘖  /  株高差异  /  内源激素

INTRODUCTION: Tiller height higher than main stem is one of the important factors affecting the uniformity and mechanized production of sorghum. Sorghum with tiller height equal to that of the main stem can be densely planted and harvested mechanically. Endogenous hormones play an important regulatory role in the process of plant height development. Understanding the impact of endogenous hormones on the height difference between main stem and tiller in sorghum is of great significance for the improvement of sorghum varieties with tiller higher than the main stem.
RATIONALE: To further explore the effects of endogenous hormones on height difference between main stem and tiller of sorghum, Sorghum K35-Y5 with the similar height of main stem and tiller and 1383 with higher tiller than main stem were used to measure the plant height and endogenous hormone contents in main stem booting stage, tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage, and analyze the dynamic change and correlation, laying a foundation for studying the regulatory mechanisms of main stem and tiller height in sorghum and for improving plant architecture.
RESULTS: The height difference of main stem and tiller in different stages showed that the main stem of K35-Y5 was higher than that of tiller in the first three periods, and the height of main stem and tiller was basically the same at tiller flowering stage. The main stem height of 1383 was higher than that of tiller in main stem booting stage, the height of main stem and tiller was basically the same in tiller booting stage, and the height of tiller was higher than that of main stem in the latter two stages. Analysis of dynamic changes of endogenous hormone in different stages showed that GA3 content in main stem and tiller was basically consistent with the change of plant height. The dynamic change of ABA in K35-Y5 main stem and tiller is basically the same, which was significantly higher than main stem of 1383 tiller in main stem flowering stage. The contents of IAA, ICA, tZR, IPA, Dx and JA showed a decreasing trend. ACC, SA, JA and H2JA had no obvious characteristics. The correlation analysis showed that the difference of tiller and main stem was positively correlated with the relative content of GA3 at tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage, and positively correlated with the relative ratio of GA3/ABA at main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage.
CONCLUSION: The height difference of main stem and tiller was closely related to the relative content of GA3 at tiller booting stage, main stem flowering stage and tiller flowering stage. Through the treatment of GA3 and subsequent paraffin section analysis, we found that spraying GA3 affects cell elongation to achieve the improvement of plant height uniformity. This will be of great significance for the breeding of sorghum varieties suitable for mechanized production.

Differences in growth, height (A), and the GA3 contents (B) of main stem and tiller of K35-Y5 and 1383 at different stages. * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

Sorghum bicolor  /  main stem  /  tiller  /  height difference  /  endogenous hormones
王瑞, 赵威军, 白洋, 程庆军, 张海燕, 闫凤霞, 凌亮. 内源激素对高粱主茎与分蘖株高差异的影响. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 901 -913 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25060
Rui Wang, Weijun Zhao, Yang Bai, Qingjun Cheng, Haiyan Zhang, Fengxia Yan, Liang Ling. Effects of Endogenous Hormones on Height Difference Between Main Stem and Tiller of Sorghum bicolor[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (6) : 901 -913 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25060
分蘖高于主茎是困扰高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种整齐度和机械化生产的重要因素之一, 分蘖株高与主茎等高的高粱可高密度种植和机械化收获。内源激素在植物株高建成过程中发挥重要调节作用, 了解内源激素对高粱主茎和分蘖株高差异的影响, 对于分蘖高于主茎的高粱品种改良具有重要意义。近年来, 内源激素与株高关系密切已不断得到证实。在已发现的植物激素中, 生长素(auxin, Aux)、赤霉素(gibberellins, GAs)、细胞分裂素(cytokinin, CK)以及脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)均参与植物株高建成(Srinivasan et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2012; Agehara and Leskovar, 2014; Wang et al., 2014; Jia et al., 2018; Li et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2018)。生长素通过调控细胞伸长来影响株高(Nakata et al., 2013)。生长素对细胞伸长具有一定的促进作用, 并与赤霉素协同影响微管组织的排列, 抑制细胞壁中的过氧化物酶活性, 促进细胞壁延伸(Knöller et al., 2010)。GAs与植株高矮密切相关, 在植株生长和茎伸长等方面发挥重要作用(Yamaguchi, 2008), 其可影响细胞分裂的某个时期, 促进细胞分裂进程和微管伸长(Aeschbacher et al., 1995; Huang et al., 2015)。Zeevaart (1983)研究发现, 植株矮小的突变体总是伴随ABA的缺少, 因此认为ABA在促进植物生长中发挥重要作用。另外, 关于激素调控分蘖株高的研究也取得了一些进展。有研究表明, 吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、CK和独脚金内酯(strigolactone, SL)是作用明确的3种植物激素, 其中IAA和SL抑制分蘖生长, CK则促进分蘖生长(Domagalska and Leyser, 2011; Waldie and Leyser, 2018; Shen et al., 2019; Barbier et al., 2019; Rongen et al., 2019; Xia et al., 2021)。然而, 目前的研究主要集中于探究内源激素与株高或分蘖株高的关系, 内源激素对主茎与分蘖株高差异的影响尚未见报道。本研究以高粱主茎与分蘖高度一致的矮秆基因型和分蘖高于主茎的中高秆基因型为试材, 测定不同生育时期主茎与分蘖的株高和内源激素含量, 分析内源激素含量的变化特征及其主茎和分蘖株高差异与内源激素相对含量和多激素相对比值的相关性, 明确内源激素对高粱主茎和分蘖株高差异的影响, 为探明高粱主茎和分蘖株高调控机制及株型改良奠定基础。
选用分蘖与主茎株高一致的高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)品系K35-Y5和分蘖明显高于主茎的高粱品系1383为实验材料。
实验于2023年4-9月, 在山西农业大学高粱研究所试验田(37°5′ N, 112°5′ W)进行。行长5 m, 行距45 cm, 留苗密度为每公顷8.0 × 104 株。分别在K35-Y5和1383的主茎孕穗期、分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期测量主茎和分蘖的株高, 并分别对主茎和分蘖的穗下第1节顶端(生长最活跃点)进行取样, 每个样取2 g, 重复3次。采集的所有样品均快速放入液氮中冷冻, 于-80°C超低温冰箱中保存, 用于测定内源激素含量。
由百迈客生物技术公司(北京, 中国)完成激素提取, 使用UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS平台对内源生长素类、细胞分裂素类、脱落酸、赤霉素类、水杨酸类和茉莉酸类等几大类植物激素的含量进行检测分析。
样品最终测得的浓度CF (final concentration) (ng·mL-1)为仪器直接测得的浓度CC (calculated concentration) (ng·mL-1)乘以稀释因子Dil (dilution factor), 单位为ng·mL-1 (CF=CC × Dil); 样品中目标代谢物浓度CM (metabolite concentration) (ng·g-1)等于样品最终测得的浓度CF乘以样品最终体积V (volume, μL)和样本在前处理中的浓缩系数CF, 除以样品重量m (mass, mg), 单位为ng·mg-1。计算公式如下:
$C_{\mathrm{M}}\left(\mathrm{ng} \cdot \mathrm{~g}^{-1}\right)=\frac{C_{\mathrm{F}}\left(\mathrm{ng} \cdot \mathrm{~mL}^{-1}\right) \times V(\mu \mathrm{~L})}{m(\mathrm{mg})} \times \mathrm{CF}$
通过标准曲线计算样品中植物激素的绝对定量结果。
采用Excel 2010软件对高粱株高和内源激素含量进行数据处理和作图; 用SPSS 16.0软件进行相关性分析, 由于两种材料本身存在株高差异, 用分蘖/主茎株高来表示主茎与分蘖株高差异, 用分蘖/主茎内源激素来计算内源激素相对含量; 用分蘖/主茎内源激素比值来计算多激素相对比值; 差异显著性检验均采用Studentʼs t-test, * P<0.05表示差异显著; ** P< 0.01表示差异极显著。
2024年继续田间种植, 设置5个GA3处理浓度(50、100、200、300和400 mg·L-1), 在不同生育时期(一级枝梗分化期、主茎孕穗期和分蘖孕穗期)分别喷施1383全株和1383主茎。根据不同时期1383植株的重量确定喷施量, 将GA3溶于二甲基亚砜(dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO), 配置成浓度为100 mg·mL-1的母液, 之后分别配置其它终浓度。每次喷施前测量植株高度, 每个处理喷施15株。
采用石蜡切片法分别对主茎喷施GA3的1383及未喷施GA3的1383主茎和分蘖的倒三节纵切面进行细胞学观察。取倒三节1-2 cm的节, 经FAA固定液固定, 再经脱水、包埋、切片和预处理, 番红和固绿染色、封片, 在显微镜下观察并拍照。
主茎孕穗期, K35-Y5和1383的主茎均高于分蘖。从主茎孕穗期至分蘖孕穗期, K35-Y5的主茎与分蘖株高差逐渐加大, 在分蘖孕穗期主茎与分蘖株高差最大, 分蘖孕穗期后主茎与分蘖株高差逐渐缩小, 至分蘖开花期时二者株高基本一致。从主茎孕穗期至分蘖孕穗期, 1383的主茎与分蘖株高差逐渐缩小, 在分蘖孕穗期主茎与分蘖株高基本一致, 分蘖孕穗期后分蘖株高开始高于主茎, 至分蘖开花期分蘖株高显著高于主茎(图1)。
1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, ACC)是植物体由蛋氨酸合成乙烯的直接前体, 其含量介于27.08-224.49 ng·g-1之间。在同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的ACC含量高于分蘖; 主茎孕穗期, 1383分蘖的ACC含量显著高于主茎, 其它时期均为主茎的ACC含量显著高于分蘖。不同生育期, K35-Y5主茎的ACC含量持续上升, 分蘖中的含量则先下降后上升, 在分蘖孕穗期最低; 1383主茎的ACC含量呈先上升后下降再上升趋势, 分蘖中的含量则呈先下降后上升, 在主茎开花期最低(图2A)。
在K35-Y5和1383不同生育时期的茎节中检测出2种生长素类激素, 分别为吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)和吲哚-3-甲醛(indole-3-carboxaldehyde, ICA)。不同时期, K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的内源生长素类激素含量及变化趋势均表现出一定差异(图2B, C)。IAA和ICA的含量分别介于74.81-640.56 ng·g-1与4.77-17.50 ng·g-1之间。
同一时期, K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的IAA含量差异显著。在主茎孕穗期、分蘖孕穗期和主茎开花期, K35-Y5分蘖的IAA含量显著高于主茎; 分蘖开花期, 主茎的IAA含量显著高于分蘖。在主茎孕穗期和分蘖开花期, 1383主茎的IAA含量显著高于分蘖; 分蘖孕穗期和主茎开花期, 分蘖的IAA含量显著高于主茎。不同生育时期, K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的IAA含量整体呈下降趋势。K35-Y5主茎的IAA含量呈先下降后升高, 分蘖中的含量则表现为持续下降; 1383主茎的IAA含量也表现为先下降后升高, 而分蘖中的含量表现为先升高后下降(图2B)。
同一时期, K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的ICA含量存在一定差异。在主茎孕穗期和分蘖孕穗期, K35-Y5分蘖的ICA含量显著高于主茎; 主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 主茎与分蘖的ICA含量无显著差异。主茎孕穗期, 1383主茎的ICA含量显著高于分蘖, 分蘖孕穗期和主茎开花期二者无显著差异, 分蘖开花期时主茎的ICA含量显著高于分蘖。不同时期, K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的ICA含量整体呈下降趋势(图2C)。
在茎节内共检测到3种细胞分裂素类激素, 分别为反式玉米素核苷(trans-zeatin-riboside, tZR)、异戊烯基腺苷(isopentenyl adenosine, IPA)和去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine, Dx) (图2D-F)。3种激素的含量范围分别为3.41-138.20 ng·g-1、0.49-27.07 ng·g-1和73.85-217.97 ng·g-1。
同一时期, K35-Y5分蘖的tZR含量均显著高于主茎; 1383分蘖的tZR含量(除主茎开花期外)显著高于主茎。不同生育时期, K35-Y5和1383主茎与分蘖的tZR含量均呈下降趋势(图2D)。
同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的IPA含量在主茎孕穗期和分蘖孕穗期显著高于分蘖, 主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 分蘖的IPA含量显著高于主茎; 1383分蘖的IPA含量显著高于主茎。不同生育时期, K35-Y5主茎的IPA含量与分蘖变化趋势一致, 均呈先升高后降低, 并在分蘖孕穗期达到最高; 1383主茎的IPA含量也与分蘖变化趋势一致, 但均表现为持续下降(图2E)。
同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的Dx含量在主茎孕穗期与分蘖差异不显著, 分蘖孕穗期和主茎开花期时主茎的Dx含量显著高于分蘖, 分蘖开花期时分蘖的Dx含量显著高于主茎; 主茎孕穗期时, 1383分蘖的Dx含量高于主茎, 分蘖孕穗期和主茎开花期时主茎的Dx含量显著高于分蘖, 分蘖开花期时分蘖的Dx含量与主茎差异不显著。不同生育时期, K35-Y5分蘖的Dx含量呈先降低后升高(在分蘖开花期), 但整体呈下降趋势; K35-Y5主茎与1383主茎和分蘖的Dx含量变化趋势一致, 均表现为持续下降(图2F)。
内源脱落酸含量介于42.78-552.53 ng·g-1之间。同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的ABA含量在分蘖孕穗期显著高于分蘖, 其它时期均为分蘖显著高于主茎; 1383分蘖的ABA含量在前3个时期均显著高于主茎。不同生育时期, K35-Y5主茎的ABA含量与分蘖变化趋势一致, 均呈先上升后下降, 在分蘖孕穗期时达到最高; 1383主茎的ABA含量呈下降趋势, 分蘖的ABA含量先下降后上升再下降(图2G)。
在高粱茎节中检测出1种赤霉素GA3, 其含量范围为6.58-162.64 ng·g-1。同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的GA3含量在前3个生育期均显著高于分蘖, 至分蘖开花期时主茎与分蘖的GA3含量基本一致; 1383分蘖的GA3含量在后2个生育期均显著高于主茎。不同生育期, K35-Y5主茎的GA3含量表现为先下降后上升再下降, 分蘖的GA3含量则持续上升; 1383主茎的GA3含量呈先上升后下降趋势, 至分蘖孕穗期时达到最高, 分蘖的GA3含量为先上升后下降, 至主茎开花期时达到最高(图2H)。
在高粱茎节中检测到1种水杨酸类激素, 含量介于17.61-167.60 ng·g-1之间。同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的SA含量显著高于分蘖; 在主茎孕穗期和分蘖孕穗期时, 1383分蘖的SA含量显著高于主茎, 主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 主茎的SA含量显著高于分蘖。不同生育时期, K35-Y5主茎与分蘖的SA含量变化趋势一致, 均表现为先上升后下降, 在分蘖孕穗期达到最高; 1383主茎的SA含量表现为持续上升, 分蘖的SA含量则表现为先下降后上升, 在分蘖孕穗期时达到最低(图2I)。
对茎节中检测到的2种茉莉酸类激素(±)-茉莉酸((±)-jasmonic acid, JA)和二氢茉莉酸(dihydrojasmonic acid, H2JA)进行定量分析, 得出其含量分别为12.79-3 341.01 ng·g-1和0.33-3.43 ng·g-1。
同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的JA含量在主茎孕穗期时显著高于分蘖, 其余3个时期, 则为分蘖显著高于主茎; 在主茎孕穗期和分蘖孕穗期, 1383主茎的JA含量显著高于分蘖, 后2个时期(主茎开花期和分蘖开花期)分蘖则显著高于主茎。不同生育时期, K35-Y5主茎的JA含量表现为持续下降, 分蘖则呈先上升后下降, 在分蘖孕穗期时达到最高, 而整体呈下降趋势; 1383主茎和分蘖变化趋势一致, 表现为先下降后上升再下降, 但整体呈下降趋势(图2J)。
同一时期, K35-Y5主茎的H2JA含量在主茎孕穗期、分蘖孕穗期和主茎开花期时高于分蘖, 分蘖开花期时分蘖的H2JA含量高于主茎; 1383主茎的H2JA含量在主茎孕穗期显著高于分蘖, 分蘖孕穗期和主茎开花期时分蘖的H2JA含量显著高于主茎。不同生育时期, K35-Y5主茎和分蘖与1383主茎的H2JA含量变化趋势一致, 均表现为持续下降; 1383分蘖的H2JA含量为先上升后下降, 并在分蘖孕穗期达到最高(图2K)。
不同时期, 主茎和分蘖株高差异与内源激素相对含量的相关性存在差异(表1)。主茎孕穗期, 主茎和分蘖株高差异与内源激素的相对含量均无相关性; 分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 主茎和分蘖株高差异与GA3的相对含量呈显著正相关, 与JA的相对含量呈显著负相关, 与除IAA外的其余激素均存在相关性(但发育时期不同)。
不同时期, 主茎和分蘖株高差异与多激素相对比值存在不同程度的相关性(表2)。主茎孕穗期, 主茎和分蘖的株高差异与多激素相对比值均无相关性。主茎和分蘖株高差异在主茎开花期与GA3/ABA相对比值呈显著正相关, 分蘖开花期与GA3/ABA相对比值呈极显著正相关, 与其余激素相对比值均存在相关性。
不同时期外施GA3后, 通过测量株高明确了300 mg·L-1 GA3处理影响株高。在分蘖开花后测量植株高度(图3), 发现未喷施GA3的1383分蘖显著高于主茎; 对1383全株和主茎喷施GA3, 分蘖与主茎株高均显著高于对照, 但是前者的主茎与分蘖株高差异更明显(图3A), 后者的主茎与分蘖株高基本一致(图3B)。
进一步测量了1383主茎和分蘖的节间长(图4), 发现未喷施GA3的1383分蘖中部节间长显著大于主茎, 其中倒三节分蘖比主茎增长最高, 达85.8% (图4A); 主茎喷施GA3的1383, 分蘖与主茎的节间长基本一致, 均未达到显著水平(图4B)。
通过石蜡切片, 我们进一步观察了1383倒三节的纵切面细胞(图5), 发现未喷施GA3的倒三节主茎细胞纵向伸长比分蘖短(图5A, B); 主茎喷施GA3后, 倒三节的主茎细胞纵向伸长与分蘖基本一致(图5C, D)。因此认为, 主茎喷施GA3后节间的增长是由于细胞纵向伸长引起。
赤霉素(GA)作为一种主要的调节因子, 可调节细胞伸长, 是决定株高最重要的激素之一(Tong et al., 2014)。在水稻(Oryza sativa)、棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)和玉米(Zea mays)等某些矮化突变体中均发现, 矮化的原因与体内的GA含量低有关(陈旭升等, 2007; Chen et al., 2014; Ji et al., 2014)。GA3作为GA家族中分布最广泛, 活性最强的成员之一, 在多种植物中均进行了研究与应用(Bai et al., 2023)。杨铁钊等(2006)在研究烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)时发现, GA3是株高的主要调节因子, 在整个生长期间高秆基因型茎尖的GA3含量均显著高于矮秆基因型。本研究中, 分析不同时期内源激素的变化特征, 发现在不同株型材料中GA3在主茎与分蘖中的含量变化与主茎和分蘖株高的变化基本一致, 分蘖孕穗期, 1383分蘖开始高于主茎可能是由于分蘖中GA3含量高于主茎, 促进了分蘖生长。因此, 我们认为GA3的相对含量与主茎和分蘖的株高差异有关。相关性分析进一步证实在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期3个时期, 主茎和分蘖的株高差异与GA3的相对含量呈显著正相关。因此, 本研究表明, GA3的相对含量与主茎和分蘖的株高差异密切相关, 推测可通过调节GA3的相对含量来调控主茎与分蘖的株高差异。
多数情况下, 植物激素并非单独发挥作用, 而是各种激素相辅相成, 相互制约(Davies, 2012)。多种植物激素被整合入同一调控网络中, 互作并协调植物株高的变化(Nakano et al., 2022)。前人研究表明, GA、ABA、IAA和tZR在调控株高方面存在互作效应, 通常利用内源激素含量比值与株高关系分析来探究内源激素互作对株高发育的影响(王成章等, 2006; 殷稳娜等, 2011; Du et al., 2015)。王成章等(2006)在苜蓿(Medicago sativa)中发现, GA/ABA和(IAA+GA)/ABA比值与株高呈极显著正相关; 殷稳娜等(2011)在矮秆突变体小麦(Triticum aestivum)中发现, IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA)/ABA和ZR/ABA比值均极显著低于野生型; Du等(2015)在水稻中发现, GA与ABA具有拮抗作用, GA/ABA比值影响分蘖的形成。本研究中相关性分析发现, 在主茎开花期和分蘖开花期, 主茎和分蘖的株高差异与GA3/ABA相对比值呈显著正相关; 此外, 不同时期, 主茎和分蘖的株高差异与IAA/ABA、tZR/ ABA、(IAA+GA3)/ABA和(IAA+GA3+tZR)/ABA相对比值均存在不同程度的相关性。因此, 我们认为GA3可能与其它激素存在互作效应, 协同参与调控主茎和分蘖的株高差异。
现已明确多种激素对植物株高(或分蘖)的调控机制, 常利用外源激素调控的方法来控制植物株高或分蘖的发生与生长(Langer et al., 1973)。例如, 外施IAA、SL、GA、ABA和BR等改变了内源激素的含量从而减少分蘖, 改变株高(刘杨等, 2011)。GA3作为最常用的外源激素可诱导植物的节间伸长。杨铁钊等(2006)研究发现, 外施GA3可调节矮秆基因型茎尖中各内源激素的含量, 使其与正常株高基因型的各激素含量相接近, 从而促进茎的生长。本研究表明, GA3的相对含量与主茎和分蘖株高差异密切相关, 并进一步通过外施GA3验证了这一结论。
高粱生长过程中, 茎秆细胞的形态和数量决定了最终的植株高度。GA3是茎发育过程中不可或缺的调节因子(Chen et al., 2022)。张玉兰等(2024)研究发现, 株高的增加是由于节间细胞纵向伸长所致。经赤霉素处理, 细胞的延展性得到伸长, 与本研究结果相符。综上, 1383主茎经GA3处理后通过细胞的伸长来实现节间长度的增长, 从而提高主茎的株高, 形成主茎和分蘖株高基本一致的株型。
精准调控GA3代谢通路的时空特异性是实现高粱株型改良的重要途径。可基于主茎和分蘖中的GA3含量差异分布设计精准策略, 通过基因编辑技术CRISPR- Cas9/Cas12a靶向分蘖组织中高表达的GA3代谢通路基因, 从而降低分蘖的GA3合成, 使其株高接近主茎; 也可通过启动子编辑增强主茎的GA3代谢通路基因表达, 确保主茎优势生长。水稻分蘖调控基因OsGA20ox2 (Han et al., 2019)和玉米TB1 (Hubbard et al., 2002; 刘婷等, 2022)同源基因均可作为靶向候选基因。筛选高粱自然群体中主茎与分蘖GA3含量差异相关的SNP/InDel标记, 通过分子标记辅助育种是实现高粱株型改良的另一重要途径。应用上述策略, 可精准缩小主茎与分蘖的株高差异, 培育出分蘖整齐、适宜机械化收获的高粱新品种。
不同生育时期, GA3在主茎和分蘖中的变化趋势与主茎和分蘖的株高变化基本一致。主茎与分蘖的株高差异在分蘖孕穗期、主茎开花期和分蘖开花期3个时期, 与GA3的相对含量呈显著正相关; 在主茎开花期和分蘖开花期与GA3/ABA相对比值呈显著正相关。综上所述, GA3的相对含量与主茎和分蘖株高差异密切相关。通过GA3处理和石蜡切片, 我们从细胞学层面发现外施GA3影响细胞的伸长可实现对主茎与分蘖株高一致性株型的改良。
王瑞: 实验设计、数据分析和论文撰写; 赵威军、程庆军、张海燕和闫凤霞: 实验材料种植、激素喷施、调查测量和样品采集; 白洋: 数据整理与分析、撰写论文和论文修改; 凌亮: 指导实验设计, 数据分析, 论文写作与修改。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32272164)
  • 山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2024-071)
  • 山西省博士研究生、博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励经费科研项目(SXBYKY2024118)
  • 山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2025CYJSTX10-5)
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2025年第60卷第6期
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doi: 10.11983/CBB25060
  • 接收时间:2025-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08
  • 录用日期:2025-07-01
基金
国家自然科学基金(32272164)
山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2024-071)
山西省博士研究生、博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励经费科研项目(SXBYKY2024118)
山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2025CYJSTX10-5)
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    1 山西农业大学高粱研究所/农业农村部特种高粱育种及加工重点实验室, 晋中 030600
    2 山西农业大学山西功能食品研究院, 太原 030031

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* 凌亮, 副研究员, 全国农产品质量安全与营养健康科普专员, 山西省食品营养与健康学会秘书长, 山西省功能食品产业技术体系岗位专家, 山西省农科“110”专家, 山西省科协、科技厅科学传播专家, 主要从事功能食品研究与开发应用及技术推广。现主持国家重点研发项目子课题1项, 山西省重点领域“揭榜挂帅”项目子课题1项, 制(修)订山西省地方标准11项, 获国家发明专利7项, 鉴定成果2项, 发表论文20余篇, 参编著作3部。获全国“科技助力精准扶贫”工作先进个人。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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