Article(id=1319998819429896393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319998767835754596, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB25059, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB25059, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744041600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748880000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-03, onlineDate=1792641842944, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792641842944, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792641842944, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792641842944, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319998767835754596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='5', pageStart='669', pageEnd='853', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757433600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792641830643, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792641943258, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319999240240222831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319998767835754596, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319999240240222832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319998767835754596, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=831, endPage=845, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319998819631222986, articleId=1319998819429896393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Identification of Candidate Genes for Rice Resistance to Bacterial Blight via QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis, columnId=1317485691135706105, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial blight is one of the three major diseases that threaten global rice production, seriously damaging the yield and quality of rice. The utilization of resistance genes is one of the most effective ways to control bacterial blight.

RATIONALE: To cultivate rice varieties with both resistance to bacterial blight and high-yield characteristics, stable and efficient resistance genes need to be identified and used. To identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to bacterial blight resistance in rice, this study used the indica rice HZ, the japonica rice Nekken2 and their 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) as experimental materials. Four different races of bacterial blight pathogens were inoculated at the tillering stage of rice and the resistance phenotypes were evaluated.

RESULTS: Based on the high-density genetic map constructed previously, we identified 19 QTLs for resistance to rice bacterial blight, with the maximum limit of detection (LOD) value being 5.49. Candidate genes within the detected QTL intervals were screened based on their expression levels analyzed by qRT-PCR. LOC_Os04g01310 and LOC_ Os04g01320, which are related to the regulatory pathway of STK receptor protein, showed significant upregulated expression after inoculation treatment. Meanwhile, the expression levels of the MYB transcription factor family gene LOC_Os05g10690 and the gene LOC_Os01g12320 related to GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase showed an extremely significant increase after inoculation treatment. The expression levels of the candidate genes LOC_Os02g13270 (Mpv17/PMP22 family domain containing protein), LOC_Os02g13410 (leucine rich repeat family protein), LOC_ Os02g13420 (leucine rich repeat receptor protein kinase EXS precursor), LOC_Os02g13430 (receptor-like protein kinase 5 precursor) and LOC_Os01g12130 (enodulin MtN3 family protein) were significantly different between the two parents and were induced after inoculation with the bacterial blight pathogen.

CONCLUSION: By QTL mapping and gene expression analysis, we identified several candidate genes related to rice bacterial blight resistance. These results provide clues for further fine mapping and cloning of new bacterial blight resistance genes for future breeding of rice varieties with strong resistance to bacterial blight.

QTL mapping of resistance to bacterial blight in recombinant inbred lines of rice. QTLs can be used to reveal the structure of complex quantitative traits and identify candidate genes. Based on a high-density genetic map, a total of 19 QTLs were co-located and multiple candidate genes were screened out. To further locate and clone the related genes and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding new high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties.

, authors=Chen Jun1, Xu Jiangmin1, Zhou Yinan1, Jiang Yanan1, Hu Chengxiang1, Jin Qianyun1, Zhao Beibei1, Zhu Zhenan1, Xu Yuqing1, Zhang Luyi1, Liu Xiaoyan1, Liu Jun1, Li Sanfeng2, Wang Yuexing2, *, Rao Yuchun1, *, authorsList=Chen Jun, Xu Jiangmin, Zhou Yinan, Jiang Yanan, Hu Chengxiang, Jin Qianyun, Zhao Beibei, Zhu Zhenan, Xu Yuqing, Zhang Luyi, Liu Xiaoyan, Liu Jun, Li Sanfeng, Wang Yuexing, Rao Yuchun, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wang Yuexing, Rao Yuchun, authorNote=
†These authors contributed equally to this paper
, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail: ;
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水稻(Oryza sativa)白叶枯病是危害全球水稻生产的三大主要病害之一, 严重影响水稻的产量和品质。抗性基因的挖掘与利用是防治白叶枯病最有效的途径之一。为挖掘水稻白叶枯病抗性相关的数量性状位点(QTL), 以籼稻华占、粳稻热研2号及其构建的120个重组自交系(RILs)群体为实验材料, 在水稻分蘖盛期接种4种不同的白叶枯病致病小种并评价抗性表型。基于前期构建的高密度遗传图谱进行QTL定位, 共检测到19个QTLs, 其中最大LOD值为5.49。对检测到的QTL区间内候选基因进行筛选, 并利用qRT-PCR进行基因表达水平分析, 发现LOC_Os02g13270、LOC_Os02g13410、LOC_Os02g13420、LOC_Os02g13430和LOC_Os01g12130在双亲间的表达量差异显著, 且在接种白叶枯病菌后受诱导表达, 推测其为调控白叶枯病抗性的重点候选基因。研究结果为白叶枯病抗性相关基因的精细定位和克隆奠定了基础, 对于培育广谱抗病水稻品种有重要意义。

, authors=陈钧1, †, 徐江民1, †, 周逸楠1, 江亚楠1, 胡程翔1, 金芊芸1, 赵蓓蓓1, 朱哲楠1, 徐雨青1, 张璐怡1, 刘笑妍1, 刘隽1, 李三峰2, 王跃星2, *, 饶玉春1, *, authorsList=陈钧, 徐江民, 周逸楠, 江亚楠, 胡程翔, 金芊芸, 赵蓓蓓, 朱哲楠, 徐雨青, 张璐怡, 刘笑妍, 刘隽, 李三峰, 王跃星, 饶玉春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王跃星, 饶玉春, authorNote=
†共同第一作者
, correspAuthorsNote=
*饶玉春, 博士/博士后, 教授, 博士生导师, “双龙学者”特聘教授, 浙江省“高校领军人才培养计划”高层次拔尖人才(2022年), 金华市青年拔尖人才(2023年), 浙江省发明协会理事、植物遗传专业委员会副主任, 中国作物学会会员, 浙江省遗传学会会员。主要从事水稻等禾谷类作物的分子遗传学研究。以第一作者或通讯作者身份在Science Bulletin和New Phytologist等权威期刊发表论文80余篇, 以合作者身份在Nature Plants、Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America等杂志发表论文30余篇。主持转基因国家重大专项子课题、国家自然科学基金和浙江省自然科学基金等科研项目。授权国家发明专利25项(第一完成人)。
王跃星, 博士, 研究员, 博士生导师, 中国水稻研究所超级稻育种创新团队首席科学家, 国家水稻改良中心副主任。入选国家高层次人才青年拔尖人才、浙江省高层次人才青年拔尖人才和“151”第二层次人才培养工程以及中国农业科学院“农科英才”杰出青年英才。主要从事水稻遗传育种工作, 已完成一系列水稻重要农艺性状基因的克隆和育种利用。以第一作者在Nature Genetics和Molecular Plant等国际著名期刊发表论文多篇。主持国家自然科学基金、浙江省自然科学基金杰出青年基金等项目。以第一或主要完成人选育水稻优质不育系和杂交水稻新品种7个, 获植物新品种权5项, 授权国家发明专利8项。荣获中国农学会青年科技奖。E-mail:
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Mapping of QTLs associated with rice panicle traits and candidate gene analysis. Chin Bull Bot 59, 217-230. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Mapping of QTLs associated with rice panicle traits and candidate gene analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832046363010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=null, pageStart=217, pageEnd=230, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=54, authorNames=朱超宇, 胡程翔, 朱哲楠, 张芷宁, 汪理海, 陈钧, 李三峰, 连锦瑾, 唐璐瑶, 钟芊芊, 殷文晶, 王跃星, 饶玉春, journalName=植物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱超宇, 胡程翔, 朱哲楠, 张芷宁, 汪理海, 陈钧, 李三峰, 连锦瑾, 唐璐瑶, 钟芊芊, 殷文晶, 王跃星, 饶玉春 (2024). 水稻穗部性状QTL定位及候选基因分析. 植物学报 59, 217-230., articleTitle=水稻穗部性状QTL定位及候选基因分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1319998827269050693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, awardId=2021YFA1300703, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1300703), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1319998827348742470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, awardId=202510345055, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(202510345055), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1319998827420045639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, awardId=2025R404A036, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2025R404A036), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998821417996504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998821426385113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, companyId=1319998821417996504, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998821434773722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, companyId=1319998821417996504, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 金华 321004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319998821493493979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998821506076892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, companyId=1319998821493493979, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998821514465501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, companyId=1319998821493493979, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 杭州 310006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319998825582940465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution of lesion length generated by each race in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population

(A) P6; (B) P10; (C) C5; (D) T1

, figureFileSmall=NfGQYDJTQ3vmZK0ShAIlBQ==, figureFileBig=2db33fnUclBGq3TAyn7d3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998825645855026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各致病小种病斑长度在水稻重组自交系(RILs)群体中的分布

(A) P6; (B) P10; (C) C5; (D) T1

, figureFileSmall=NfGQYDJTQ3vmZK0ShAIlBQ==, figureFileBig=2db33fnUclBGq3TAyn7d3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998825884930355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phenotypes of rice parents and their recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population

(A) The phenotypes of male parent HZ and maternal Nekken2 at full tillering stage (bar=10 cm); (B) Comparison of resistance levels of white leaf blight in RILs population (spot length less than 5 cm was high disease resistance, spot length between 5 cm and 10 cm was medium disease resistance, spot length between 10 cm and 15 cm was medium disease susceptibility, and more than 15 cm was susceptible, bar=5 cm); (C)-(F) Spot phenotypes of HZ and Nekken2 at the peak of tilling stage after infection by 4 types of bacterial leaf blight races (P6, P10, C5, and T1) (bars=5 cm)

, figureFileSmall=PeVlnAOT8jbqOodEAD1r1Q==, figureFileBig=4HUKZYlktqSAL1lRaNtYnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998825947844916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=图2, caption=水稻亲本及其重组自交系(RILs)群体表型

(A) 分蘖盛期父本华占与母本热研2号表型(bar=10 cm); (B) RILs群体中白叶枯病抗性水平对比(病斑长度小于5 cm为高抗病, 病斑长度在5-10 cm为中等抗病, 病斑长度在10-15 cm为中等感病, 病斑长度超过15 cm为感病, bar=5 cm); (C)-(F) 分蘖盛期华占与热研2号受4种白叶枯病小种(P6、P10、C5和T1)侵染后的病斑表型(bars=5 cm)

, figureFileSmall=PeVlnAOT8jbqOodEAD1r1Q==, figureFileBig=4HUKZYlktqSAL1lRaNtYnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998826023342389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Correlation analysis of pathogenicity of each pathogenic race in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population

** 1% significant level

, figureFileSmall=D4dAAd6kRjsQVO55aOpZwA==, figureFileBig=SEDN+hDIpj5P4DM/qF6gKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998826098839862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=图3, caption=重组自交系(RILs)群体中各致病小种致病相关性分析

** 1%显著性水平

, figureFileSmall=D4dAAd6kRjsQVO55aOpZwA==, figureFileBig=SEDN+hDIpj5P4DM/qF6gKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998826182725943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=QTL mapping of resistance to bacterial blight in recombinant inbred lines of rice, figureFileSmall=kltz1UFDZfeTxk26qXaKJw==, figureFileBig=DZ8lRYQK2JN6LCUFWJmV8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998826270806328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=图4, caption=水稻重组自交系白叶枯病抗性QTL定位, figureFileSmall=kltz1UFDZfeTxk26qXaKJw==, figureFileBig=DZ8lRYQK2JN6LCUFWJmV8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998826325332281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Differences in the expression of candidate genes for resistance to bacterial blight

Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in gene expression at the 0.05 level.

, figureFileSmall=dEudbxj3GZUcmaqULqcVqg==, figureFileBig=J6u0O6RYwD1aaulLggeltQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998826388246842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=图5, caption=白叶枯病抗性候选基因表达差异

不同小写字母表示基因表达在0.05水平差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=dEudbxj3GZUcmaqULqcVqg==, figureFileBig=J6u0O6RYwD1aaulLggeltQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998826459550011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences for qRT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer name Forward primer (5'-3') Reverse primer (5′-3′)
OsActin TGGCATCTCAGCACATTCC TGCACAATGGATGGGTCAGA
LOC_Os02g13270 TGGCCATTTCCTCCATAAAG TTGGTATCCTTCTTCCCTTTGA
LOC_Os02g13350 AATGTCCATCGCACTGTTCA GCTGCTTCAATCTCGGACTC
LOC_Os02g13410 TCAATTATCCGGCAGACTCC TGCCTGTGCTACTGATCCTG
LOC_Os02g13420 TGCTCAGCTTTGGAGTTCCT CCCAACGATAGCCTGTCAAT
LOC_Os02g13430 CCGATGAGTGATGTTCTCCA CGCTATGTGTTCCGCTATGA
LOC_Os04g01310 TAATGGTACCAAGGGGGTGA GAAGGCGATTCGTTGGATAA
LOC_Os04g01320 AGCCCGACTTCAAGCTAACA ATGGATTCATTGGCATGGTT
LOC_Os01g12130 AATGGTGCTACCCGTTCTTG CCGTGCGTATGAAACAGAAA
LOC_Os01g12160 CATCGCCTACTTCGAGTTCA CATGCATGATGAGGACGAAC
LOC_Os01g12320 AGGTCCCGGAAAATACCACT ATGGCATGAAGCCAATCATC
LOC_Os05g10690 TGGTGAAGGAGGAGGTTGTC TAGCTCCAGGTCAGGCATCT
), ArticleFig(id=1319998826530853180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-PCR所用引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer name Forward primer (5'-3') Reverse primer (5′-3′)
OsActin TGGCATCTCAGCACATTCC TGCACAATGGATGGGTCAGA
LOC_Os02g13270 TGGCCATTTCCTCCATAAAG TTGGTATCCTTCTTCCCTTTGA
LOC_Os02g13350 AATGTCCATCGCACTGTTCA GCTGCTTCAATCTCGGACTC
LOC_Os02g13410 TCAATTATCCGGCAGACTCC TGCCTGTGCTACTGATCCTG
LOC_Os02g13420 TGCTCAGCTTTGGAGTTCCT CCCAACGATAGCCTGTCAAT
LOC_Os02g13430 CCGATGAGTGATGTTCTCCA CGCTATGTGTTCCGCTATGA
LOC_Os04g01310 TAATGGTACCAAGGGGGTGA GAAGGCGATTCGTTGGATAA
LOC_Os04g01320 AGCCCGACTTCAAGCTAACA ATGGATTCATTGGCATGGTT
LOC_Os01g12130 AATGGTGCTACCCGTTCTTG CCGTGCGTATGAAACAGAAA
LOC_Os01g12160 CATCGCCTACTTCGAGTTCA CATGCATGATGAGGACGAAC
LOC_Os01g12320 AGGTCCCGGAAAATACCACT ATGGCATGAAGCCAATCATC
LOC_Os05g10690 TGGTGAAGGAGGAGGTTGTC TAGCTCCAGGTCAGGCATCT
), ArticleFig(id=1319998826597962045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Presentation of pathogenicity of pathogenic races in parents and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of rice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Race Significance test for all traits between their parents (t-test) Variation for all traits tested in the RILs population
HZ Nekken2 P value Means±SD Range Skewness Kurtosis
P6 32.57±1.92 19.25±1.78 5.66E-08 22.01±7.71 0.50-46.83 0.33 1.54
P10 4.08±0.58 2.92±0.38 2.11E-03 4.43±2.47 0.50-17.08 2.27 7.93
C5 21.50±2.49 10.63±2.59 1.59E-04 14.89±5.98 0.45-32.40 0.19 0.62
T1 11.83±1.29 15.25±1.51 1.78E-03 12.03±6.61 0.60-30.25 0.47 -0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1319998826677653822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各致病小种在水稻亲本及重组自交系(RILs)群体间的致病性情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Race Significance test for all traits between their parents (t-test) Variation for all traits tested in the RILs population
HZ Nekken2 P value Means±SD Range Skewness Kurtosis
P6 32.57±1.92 19.25±1.78 5.66E-08 22.01±7.71 0.50-46.83 0.33 1.54
P10 4.08±0.58 2.92±0.38 2.11E-03 4.43±2.47 0.50-17.08 2.27 7.93
C5 21.50±2.49 10.63±2.59 1.59E-04 14.89±5.98 0.45-32.40 0.19 0.62
T1 11.83±1.29 15.25±1.51 1.78E-03 12.03±6.61 0.60-30.25 0.47 -0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1319998826757345599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

QTL analysis of rice resistance to bacterial blight

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Race QTL locus Chromo-
some
Physical distance
(bp)
Position of
support (cM)
Limit of
detection
Overlapped with known genes/QTL
P6 qP6-2 2 6987519-7215671 29.95-30.93 2.82 Novel
qP6-6 6 22540408-24198880 96.62-103.73 2.10 Xa27 (Gu et al., 2004)
P10 qP10-4.1 4 46622-253174 0.20-1.09 4.09 Novel
qP10-4.2 4 21662809-22843728 92.86-97.92 4.12 OsABA1 (Zhang et al., 2019)
qP10-4.3 4 26889242-31662274 115.27-135.73 5.49 Xa1 (Yoshimura et al., 1998); Xa2 (He et al., 2006); Xa14 (Bao et al., 2010, in Chinese); Xa38 (Bhasin et al., 2012)
qP10-5 5 5860546-5932385 25.12-25.43 2.17 Novel
qP10-8 8 27210008-27435407 116.64-117.66 2.34 OsPDR1 (Zhang et al., 2020)
qP10-9 9 11237877-11654883 48.17-49.96 2.50 Novel
qP10-11 11 4880924-5893190 20.92-25.26 3.23 Novel
qP10-12.1 12 3541703-5035843 15.18-21.59 3.52 OsSGS3a (Gu et al., 2023)
qP10-12.2 12 9212254-11302449 39.49-48.45 3.47 ELL1 (Tian et al., 2020)
C5 qC5-1 1 6568005-6737416 28.16-28.88 2.41 Novel
qC5-8 8 26765295-26912750 114.74-115.37 2.58 Xa-45(t) (Neelam et al., 2020)
T1 qT1-1.1 1 2317764-2649258 9.94-11.36 2.25 Novel
qT1-1.2 1 5747788-6006625 24.64-25.75 2.17 TUT1 (Zhang et al., 2019)
qT1-3 3 28465343-29876347 122.02-128.07 2.24 Xa11 (Goto et al., 2009); OsSLR1 (De Vleesschauwer et al., 2016)
qT1-4 4 23759183-23831009 101.85-102.16 2.48 Novel
qT1-5 5 5860546-5932385 25.12-25.43 2.51 Novel
qT1-12 12 19717421-19889567 84.52-85.26 2.12 OsPR10a (Huang et al., 2016)
), ArticleFig(id=1319998826837037376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水稻白叶枯病抗性QTL分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Race QTL locus Chromo-
some
Physical distance
(bp)
Position of
support (cM)
Limit of
detection
Overlapped with known genes/QTL
P6 qP6-2 2 6987519-7215671 29.95-30.93 2.82 Novel
qP6-6 6 22540408-24198880 96.62-103.73 2.10 Xa27 (Gu et al., 2004)
P10 qP10-4.1 4 46622-253174 0.20-1.09 4.09 Novel
qP10-4.2 4 21662809-22843728 92.86-97.92 4.12 OsABA1 (Zhang et al., 2019)
qP10-4.3 4 26889242-31662274 115.27-135.73 5.49 Xa1 (Yoshimura et al., 1998); Xa2 (He et al., 2006); Xa14 (Bao et al., 2010, in Chinese); Xa38 (Bhasin et al., 2012)
qP10-5 5 5860546-5932385 25.12-25.43 2.17 Novel
qP10-8 8 27210008-27435407 116.64-117.66 2.34 OsPDR1 (Zhang et al., 2020)
qP10-9 9 11237877-11654883 48.17-49.96 2.50 Novel
qP10-11 11 4880924-5893190 20.92-25.26 3.23 Novel
qP10-12.1 12 3541703-5035843 15.18-21.59 3.52 OsSGS3a (Gu et al., 2023)
qP10-12.2 12 9212254-11302449 39.49-48.45 3.47 ELL1 (Tian et al., 2020)
C5 qC5-1 1 6568005-6737416 28.16-28.88 2.41 Novel
qC5-8 8 26765295-26912750 114.74-115.37 2.58 Xa-45(t) (Neelam et al., 2020)
T1 qT1-1.1 1 2317764-2649258 9.94-11.36 2.25 Novel
qT1-1.2 1 5747788-6006625 24.64-25.75 2.17 TUT1 (Zhang et al., 2019)
qT1-3 3 28465343-29876347 122.02-128.07 2.24 Xa11 (Goto et al., 2009); OsSLR1 (De Vleesschauwer et al., 2016)
qT1-4 4 23759183-23831009 101.85-102.16 2.48 Novel
qT1-5 5 5860546-5932385 25.12-25.43 2.51 Novel
qT1-12 12 19717421-19889567 84.52-85.26 2.12 OsPR10a (Huang et al., 2016)
), ArticleFig(id=1319998826920923457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The function of candidate genes associated with resistance of rice bacterial blight

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
QTL locus Chromosome Gene ID Functional annotation
qP6-2 2 LOC_Os02g13270 Mpv17/PMP22 family domain containing protein
LOC_Os02g13350 NUDIX family
LOC_Os02g13410 Leucine-rich repeat family protein
LOC_Os02g13420 Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase EXS precursor
LOC_Os02g13430 Receptor-like protein kinase 5 precursor
qP10-4.1 4 LOC_Os04g01310 Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor precursor
LOC_Os04g01320 Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor precursor
qC5-1 1 LOC_Os01g12130 Enodulin MtN3 family protein
LOC_Os01g12160 Ndole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase
LOC_Os01g12320 GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase
qT1-5 5 LOC_Os05g10690 Myb transcription factor
), ArticleFig(id=1319998826979643714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

水稻白叶枯病抗性相关候选基因的功能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
QTL locus Chromosome Gene ID Functional annotation
qP6-2 2 LOC_Os02g13270 Mpv17/PMP22 family domain containing protein
LOC_Os02g13350 NUDIX family
LOC_Os02g13410 Leucine-rich repeat family protein
LOC_Os02g13420 Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase EXS precursor
LOC_Os02g13430 Receptor-like protein kinase 5 precursor
qP10-4.1 4 LOC_Os04g01310 Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor precursor
LOC_Os04g01320 Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor precursor
qC5-1 1 LOC_Os01g12130 Enodulin MtN3 family protein
LOC_Os01g12160 Ndole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase
LOC_Os01g12320 GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase
qT1-5 5 LOC_Os05g10690 Myb transcription factor
), ArticleFig(id=1319998827042558275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998819429896393, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Information of candidate genes associated with resistance of rice bacterial blight

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene ID Length
(bp)
Number of amino acids (aa) Molecular
weight (kDa)
Theoretical
pI
Instabiliy
index
Grand average of hydropathicity Subcellular location
LOC_Os02g13270 3105 205 23.61 10.47 55.17 -0.063 Cytoplasmic
LOC_Os02g13350 2612 297 32.69 5.47 44.45 0.056 Nuclear
LOC_Os02g13410 2761 508 57.34 8.05 51.52 -0.406 Nuclear
LOC_Os02g13420 3070 611 66.79 5.75 29.68 0.077 Extracellular
LOC_Os02g13430 3541 1004 110.39 5.21 38.88 -0.049 Nuclear
LOC_Os04g01310 2758 828 91.62 6.01 40.39 -0.016 Endoplasmic reticulum
LOC_Os04g01320 2927 813 90.71 6.15 43.94 -0.170 Endoplasmic reticulum
LOC_Os01g12130 1563 252 28.17 9.25 36.00 0.538 Endoplasmic reticulum
LOC_Os01g12160 5501 591 64.19 5.90 39.85 -0.059 Cytoplasmic
LOC_Os01g12320 3688 379 40.97 5.13 41.35 0.061 Cytoplasmic
LOC_Os05g10690 3818 287 30.46 9.35 64.91 -0.298 Mitochondrial
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水稻白叶枯病抗性相关候选基因信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene ID Length
(bp)
Number of amino acids (aa) Molecular
weight (kDa)
Theoretical
pI
Instabiliy
index
Grand average of hydropathicity Subcellular location
LOC_Os02g13270 3105 205 23.61 10.47 55.17 -0.063 Cytoplasmic
LOC_Os02g13350 2612 297 32.69 5.47 44.45 0.056 Nuclear
LOC_Os02g13410 2761 508 57.34 8.05 51.52 -0.406 Nuclear
LOC_Os02g13420 3070 611 66.79 5.75 29.68 0.077 Extracellular
LOC_Os02g13430 3541 1004 110.39 5.21 38.88 -0.049 Nuclear
LOC_Os04g01310 2758 828 91.62 6.01 40.39 -0.016 Endoplasmic reticulum
LOC_Os04g01320 2927 813 90.71 6.15 43.94 -0.170 Endoplasmic reticulum
LOC_Os01g12130 1563 252 28.17 9.25 36.00 0.538 Endoplasmic reticulum
LOC_Os01g12160 5501 591 64.19 5.90 39.85 -0.059 Cytoplasmic
LOC_Os01g12320 3688 379 40.97 5.13 41.35 0.061 Cytoplasmic
LOC_Os05g10690 3818 287 30.46 9.35 64.91 -0.298 Mitochondrial
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水稻白叶枯病抗性QTL的挖掘与候选基因分析
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陈钧 1, † , 徐江民 1, † , 周逸楠 1 , 江亚楠 1 , 胡程翔 1 , 金芊芸 1 , 赵蓓蓓 1 , 朱哲楠 1 , 徐雨青 1 , 张璐怡 1 , 刘笑妍 1 , 刘隽 1 , 李三峰 2 , 王跃星 2, * , 饶玉春 1, *
植物学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(5): 831-845
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植物学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (5) : 831 -845
水稻白叶枯病抗性QTL的挖掘与候选基因分析
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陈钧1, †, 徐江民1, †, 周逸楠1, 江亚楠1, 胡程翔1, 金芊芸1, 赵蓓蓓1, 朱哲楠1, 徐雨青1, 张璐怡1, 刘笑妍1, 刘隽1, 李三峰2, 王跃星2, * , 饶玉春1, *
作者信息
  • 1浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 金华 321004
  • 2中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 杭州 310006
通讯作者:
*饶玉春, 博士/博士后, 教授, 博士生导师, “双龙学者”特聘教授, 浙江省“高校领军人才培养计划”高层次拔尖人才(2022年), 金华市青年拔尖人才(2023年), 浙江省发明协会理事、植物遗传专业委员会副主任, 中国作物学会会员, 浙江省遗传学会会员。主要从事水稻等禾谷类作物的分子遗传学研究。以第一作者或通讯作者身份在Science Bulletin和New Phytologist等权威期刊发表论文80余篇, 以合作者身份在Nature Plants、Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America等杂志发表论文30余篇。主持转基因国家重大专项子课题、国家自然科学基金和浙江省自然科学基金等科研项目。授权国家发明专利25项(第一完成人)。
王跃星, 博士, 研究员, 博士生导师, 中国水稻研究所超级稻育种创新团队首席科学家, 国家水稻改良中心副主任。入选国家高层次人才青年拔尖人才、浙江省高层次人才青年拔尖人才和“151”第二层次人才培养工程以及中国农业科学院“农科英才”杰出青年英才。主要从事水稻遗传育种工作, 已完成一系列水稻重要农艺性状基因的克隆和育种利用。以第一作者在Nature Genetics和Molecular Plant等国际著名期刊发表论文多篇。主持国家自然科学基金、浙江省自然科学基金杰出青年基金等项目。以第一或主要完成人选育水稻优质不育系和杂交水稻新品种7个, 获植物新品种权5项, 授权国家发明专利8项。荣获中国农学会青年科技奖。E-mail:
作者简介:
†共同第一作者
Identification of Candidate Genes for Rice Resistance to Bacterial Blight via QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis
Chen Jun1, Xu Jiangmin1, Zhou Yinan1, Jiang Yanan1, Hu Chengxiang1, Jin Qianyun1, Zhao Beibei1, Zhu Zhenan1, Xu Yuqing1, Zhang Luyi1, Liu Xiaoyan1, Liu Jun1, Li Sanfeng2, Wang Yuexing2, * , Rao Yuchun1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB25059
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水稻(Oryza sativa)白叶枯病是危害全球水稻生产的三大主要病害之一, 严重影响水稻的产量和品质。抗性基因的挖掘与利用是防治白叶枯病最有效的途径之一。为挖掘水稻白叶枯病抗性相关的数量性状位点(QTL), 以籼稻华占、粳稻热研2号及其构建的120个重组自交系(RILs)群体为实验材料, 在水稻分蘖盛期接种4种不同的白叶枯病致病小种并评价抗性表型。基于前期构建的高密度遗传图谱进行QTL定位, 共检测到19个QTLs, 其中最大LOD值为5.49。对检测到的QTL区间内候选基因进行筛选, 并利用qRT-PCR进行基因表达水平分析, 发现LOC_Os02g13270、LOC_Os02g13410、LOC_Os02g13420、LOC_Os02g13430和LOC_Os01g12130在双亲间的表达量差异显著, 且在接种白叶枯病菌后受诱导表达, 推测其为调控白叶枯病抗性的重点候选基因。研究结果为白叶枯病抗性相关基因的精细定位和克隆奠定了基础, 对于培育广谱抗病水稻品种有重要意义。

水稻  /  白叶枯病  /  QTL定位  /  候选基因

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial blight is one of the three major diseases that threaten global rice production, seriously damaging the yield and quality of rice. The utilization of resistance genes is one of the most effective ways to control bacterial blight.

RATIONALE: To cultivate rice varieties with both resistance to bacterial blight and high-yield characteristics, stable and efficient resistance genes need to be identified and used. To identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to bacterial blight resistance in rice, this study used the indica rice HZ, the japonica rice Nekken2 and their 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) as experimental materials. Four different races of bacterial blight pathogens were inoculated at the tillering stage of rice and the resistance phenotypes were evaluated.

RESULTS: Based on the high-density genetic map constructed previously, we identified 19 QTLs for resistance to rice bacterial blight, with the maximum limit of detection (LOD) value being 5.49. Candidate genes within the detected QTL intervals were screened based on their expression levels analyzed by qRT-PCR. LOC_Os04g01310 and LOC_ Os04g01320, which are related to the regulatory pathway of STK receptor protein, showed significant upregulated expression after inoculation treatment. Meanwhile, the expression levels of the MYB transcription factor family gene LOC_Os05g10690 and the gene LOC_Os01g12320 related to GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase showed an extremely significant increase after inoculation treatment. The expression levels of the candidate genes LOC_Os02g13270 (Mpv17/PMP22 family domain containing protein), LOC_Os02g13410 (leucine rich repeat family protein), LOC_ Os02g13420 (leucine rich repeat receptor protein kinase EXS precursor), LOC_Os02g13430 (receptor-like protein kinase 5 precursor) and LOC_Os01g12130 (enodulin MtN3 family protein) were significantly different between the two parents and were induced after inoculation with the bacterial blight pathogen.

CONCLUSION: By QTL mapping and gene expression analysis, we identified several candidate genes related to rice bacterial blight resistance. These results provide clues for further fine mapping and cloning of new bacterial blight resistance genes for future breeding of rice varieties with strong resistance to bacterial blight.

QTL mapping of resistance to bacterial blight in recombinant inbred lines of rice. QTLs can be used to reveal the structure of complex quantitative traits and identify candidate genes. Based on a high-density genetic map, a total of 19 QTLs were co-located and multiple candidate genes were screened out. To further locate and clone the related genes and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding new high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties.

Oryza sativa  /  bacterial blight  /  QTL mapping  /  candidate genes
陈钧, 徐江民, 周逸楠, 江亚楠, 胡程翔, 金芊芸, 赵蓓蓓, 朱哲楠, 徐雨青, 张璐怡, 刘笑妍, 刘隽, 李三峰, 王跃星, 饶玉春. 水稻白叶枯病抗性QTL的挖掘与候选基因分析. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (5) : 831 -845 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25059
Chen Jun, Xu Jiangmin, Zhou Yinan, Jiang Yanan, Hu Chengxiang, Jin Qianyun, Zhao Beibei, Zhu Zhenan, Xu Yuqing, Zhang Luyi, Liu Xiaoyan, Liu Jun, Li Sanfeng, Wang Yuexing, Rao Yuchun. Identification of Candidate Genes for Rice Resistance to Bacterial Blight via QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (5) : 831 -845 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25059
水稻(Oryza sativa)是全球最重要的粮食作物之一。全世界约有一半人口以稻米为主食(潘保辉等, 2024)。然而白叶枯病(bacterial blight, BB)的流行严重影响水稻的产量和品质, 严重时导致水稻减产50%以上。水稻白叶枯病是由革兰氏阴性菌黄单胞杆菌致病变种(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo)引起的细菌性维管束病害(李香荣等, 2022), 是世界上第一大水稻细菌性病害。Xoo主要利用水稻自身的伤口和水孔作为通道侵占细胞, 主要侵染叶片, 也会感染叶鞘和茎秆等部位(章琦, 2009)。水稻白叶枯病的主要病征是在水稻叶片上形成不规则水浸状病斑, 导致叶片枯黄、凋萎, 最终影响水稻的产量和品质。传统的水稻白叶枯病防治方法主要依赖化学农药, 存在投入成本高、环境污染大和易增强病原菌抗药性等弊端。利用抗性基因培育抗病品种是防治水稻白叶枯病最经济和高效的途径(Pradhan et al., 2020; 饶玉春等, 2024)。因此, 挖掘水稻白叶枯病抗性基因对于保障粮食安全具有重要意义。
目前, 已挖掘到至少49个与白叶枯病抗性相关的基因, 包括Xa1、Xa4和Xa21等32个显性基因以及xa5、xa24和xa41等17个隐性基因, 其中17个白叶枯病抗性基因已被克隆并进行相关功能研究。Xa21是水稻中首个被克隆的白叶枯病抗性基因, 其编码蛋白包含跨膜的富含亮氨酸重复序列(leucine rich repeats, LRR)和胞内激活下游防卫反应的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(serine/threonine kinase, STK)结构域(Pundir et al., 2023), 参与病原菌识别并且激发免疫反应(Luu et al., 2019)。Xa3/Xa26与Xa21基因序列相似度为53%, 可编码LRR受体激酶(Sun et al., 2004)。Hu等(2017)研究发现, Xa4通过促进纤维素合成并抑制细胞壁松动增强细胞壁结构强度, 从而提高水稻茎秆机械强度以及对细菌侵染的抗性。Xa1定位于水稻4号染色体上, 编码NBS-LRR (nucleotide binding site and leucine rich repeat)蛋白, 在细胞核中通过BED结构域与TAL效应体和转录因子OsERF101相互作用, 增强植物的抗病性(Yoshimura et al., 1998)。Ji等(2020)研究发现, Xa2、Xa14及Xa31(t)为Xa1的等位R基因, 可通过C末端串联重复氨基酸残基个数区分。最新鉴定的Xa47(t)也编码NBS-LRR类蛋白, 其供体材料来自元江普通野生稻, 该基因受Xoo诱导表达, 启动一系列防御机制, 如活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)积累(Lu et al., 2022)。SWEET家族蛋白是一类糖转运蛋白, 其中xa13 (Antony et al., 2010)是首个被鉴定的SWEET感病基因, 能够调控Cu2+在水稻中的分布, 而Cu2+作为植物所需的微量元素能有效抑制Xoo生长。此外, Executor类抗病基因, 如Xa7 (Chen et al., 2021)、Xa10 (Tian et al., 2014)、Xa23 (Ji et al., 2022)和Xa27 (Xu et al., 2023)编码的蛋白通常直接参与白叶枯病的防御, 触发水稻细胞程序性死亡, 使被侵染区域产生过敏反应, 以阻止病原菌的大规模侵害(Bogdanove et al., 2010)。Xa10通过一种涉及破坏内质网和细胞内Ca2+稳态的机制触发细胞程序性死亡。xa5编码一个真核生物转录因子(TFIIA), 该基因介导的隐性抗病反应是通过抑制病原菌转移而非限制病原菌增殖, 其基因型与抗病表型的相关性均保守(Iyer-Pascuzzi et al., 2008)。
研究表明, 水稻白叶枯病抗性是由多基因控制的复杂性状, 而QTL分析方法能有效解析复杂数量性状。随着数量性状位点研究理论和方法的不断完善, 以及水稻高密度遗传图谱的构建, 解析白叶枯病抗性的遗传机制已成为可能。目前, 在水稻中已发现超过36个QTLs与白叶枯病相关(彭小群和王梦龙, 2022)。NBS8RR是第1个克隆到的抗白叶枯病基因, 参与病原菌相关的分子模式触发免疫(Jiang et al., 2020)。然而, 目前稳定且效应值大的基因位点数量较少, 需进一步探究水稻抗白叶枯病的分子调控机制, 以获得育种上可利用的遗传位点, 从而拓宽白叶枯病抗性的基因资源。鉴于此, 本研究选用籼稻华占(HZ)、粳稻热研2号(Nekken2)及其构建的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines, RILs)群体为材料, 以病斑长度为抗性表型评价的量化指标, 同时结合已构建的高密度单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)遗传图谱进行QTL定位分析, 以期挖掘水稻白叶枯病抗性位点, 为精细定位水稻白叶枯病抗性基因奠定基础, 同时为培育具广谱抗病性的水稻品种提供参考依据。
本实验以籼稻品种华占(Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica ‘HZ’)为父本、粳稻品种热研2号(Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica ‘Nekken2’)为母本, 杂交获得F1代。采用单粒传法连续12代套袋自交, 获得120个表型和基因型均稳定遗传的重组自交系, 作为本研究的遗传群体。
实验所用白叶枯病菌包括菲律宾生理小种P6 (PXO99)和P10 (PXO124)、中国生理小种C5 (GD1358)以及日本生理小种T1 (T7174), 均由本实验室收集保存。
分别从亲本与F12代各株系中挑选100粒种子, 先用70%乙醇浸泡种子10分钟, 经去离子水冲洗后再用10%次氯酸钠浸泡种子30分钟, 消毒过程重复3次, 最后用去离子水冲洗数次以保证种子表面无消毒液残留(钟芊芊等, 2023)。取消毒后的种子浸种2天, 在37°C培养箱中催芽2天, 挑选露白一致的种子播种到育秧田中。1个月后, 选取亲本和各株系生长状况良好且长势一致的幼苗, 移栽到常规水稻田中, 每株系4行6列。采用常规田间管理。
将保存的菌株从-80°C冰箱中取出, 接种在NA培养基(10 g∙L-1蔗糖, 5 g∙L-1蛋白胨, 1 g∙L-1酵母膏, 3 g∙L-1牛肉膏, 用NaOH溶液调pH值至6.8)上, 于28°C培养箱中活化48小时, 接种时配制成1×109 CFU·mL-1的菌液。 在水稻分蘖盛期, 利用人工剪叶法(Oliva et al., 2019)分别接种各株系, 剪去上部平展倒二叶2 cm。每个单株接种5-6片叶子, 每个株系接种4株。接种14天后测量病斑长度并计算平均值。
提取双亲及RILs群体的DNA进行全基因组重测序, 并对测序数据进行整理分析, 共得到4 858个均匀分布在水稻12条染色体上的分子标记, 以此构建高密度分子遗传图谱(贾绮玮等, 2023)。
利用实验室前期构建的高密度SNP遗传图谱, 根据测得的病斑长度, 采用复合区间作图法, 用Mapmaker/ QTL1.1B软件进行QTL定位, 设置LOD阈值为2.0, 以此判断白叶枯病抗性位点是否存在。QTL命名方法遵循McCouch等(1997)的原则(金佳怡等, 2023)。
根据QTL定位结果, 在RAP-DB数据库(https://rapdb. dna.affrc.go.jp/#)中筛选QTL区间内与白叶枯病抗性相关的候选基因(朱超宇等, 2024)。通过Expasy网站ProtParam在线工具(https://web.expasy.org/protparam/)分析候选基因编码蛋白的物理和化学性质, 包括蛋白序列长度、分子量、理论等电点和不稳定指数等基本信息(Han et al., 2022)。利用PSORT数据库(https://www.genscript.com/psort.html)生成水稻白叶枯病抗性的潜在位置列表及相关预测分数, 进而预测其亚细胞定位特征。
利用Wu等(2023)无针注射法接种白叶枯病菌P6, 分别在双亲及高抗株系受胁迫后0、24、48和72小时取样, 放入-80°C冰箱中保存。使用UE Multisource Total RNA Miniprep Kit (UElandy)提取叶片总RNA, 再利用反转录试剂盒HiFiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (cwbio)将RNA合成cDNA (complementary DNA)。以OsActin为内参基因, 利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测候选基因在接菌后的表达水平。每个反应做3个平行复孔, 实验重复3次。相关引物序列见表1。利用Microsoft Excel和SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析, 并利用2-∆∆CT法(Livak and Schmittgen, 2001)进行基因相对表达量分析。用邓肯氏新复极差法进行数据间差异显著性多重比较, P<0.05表示差异显著。
分析双亲及RILs群体对4种白叶枯病菌致病小种的表型反应, 发现P6的侵染能力最强, 其在RILs群体中的平均病斑长度超过21 cm; 而P10对RILs群体的侵染能力最弱, 平均病斑长度不足5 cm (表2)。不同白叶枯病菌致病小种的侵染能力在双亲间存在显著差异, 其中, 热研2号对P6、P10及C5致病小种的抗性更强, 而华占对T1致病小种的抗性显著高于热研2号(图1, 图2)。
实验结果表明, 受各致病小种侵染后RILs群体的病斑长度数值均呈连续正态分布(图1), 且存在一定数量的超亲变异个体, 表明水稻白叶枯病抗性为多基因控制的数量性状, 符合QTL区间作图要求。
通过对不同致病小种的致病性进行相关性分析(图3), 结果表明, 任意两个致病小种的致病性均呈极显著相关。其中, 致病小种P10与P6和C5的致病相关性最高, 相关系数分别为0.555 5和0.536 5。但从整体上看, 各致病小种之间的致病相关性有限, 相关系数在0.29- 0.56范围内波动, 说明不同白叶枯病致病小种可能存在遗传背景差异。
利用实验室前期构建的包含4 858个分子标记的高密度SNP遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位分析, 结果共检测到19个与水稻白叶枯病抗性相关的QTLs (表3)。其中, 10个QTLs与前人检测到的位点存在部分重叠, 其余9个QTLs则是本研究新发现的白叶枯病抗性位点。这些QTLs分布于第1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、11和12号染色体上, 且LOD值均较大。其中, LOD值最大的QTL位于第4号染色体, 物理距离为26 889 242-31 662 274 bp, 其LOD值高达5.49。同时, 位于4号染色体物理距离在46 622-253 174 bp和21 662 809-22 843 728 bp范围内的QTL qP10-4.1和qP10-4.2的LOD值分别高达4.09和4.12。本研究检测到影响P10致病性的QTL位点最多(达9个), LOD值介于2.17-5.49之间, 并在4号染色体上形成QTL簇(图4)。
根据白叶枯病抗性相关的QTLs定位区间分布, 查阅RAP-DB数据库(https://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/#), 基于上述QTLs区间内各基因的功能注释, 初步筛选出可能与白叶枯病抗性相关的候选基因, 并对基因功能进行整理(表4)。通过分析11个候选基因编码蛋白的理化性质(表5), 发现候选基因编码蛋白的长度介于205- 1 004 aa之间, 分子量最小的是LOC_Os02g13270 (23.61 kDa), 分子量最大的是LOC_Os02g13430 (110.39 kDa)。候选基因编码蛋白的等电点介于5.21-10.47之间, 处于酸性范围内的蛋白数量较多。根据亚细胞定位预测结果, 我们发现候选基因编码蛋白质定位于细胞的不同位置, 可能在胞内, 也可能在胞外, 大部分定位在细胞核、细胞质和内质网, 它们都有可能参与调控水稻对Xoo的抗性。
采集接种白叶枯病菌P6后不同时间点的双亲和高抗水稻株系的叶片, 通过qRT-PCR检测候选基因的表达量。结果显示, LOC_Os02g13270、LOC_Os02g13350、LOC_Os02g13410、LOC_Os02g13420、LOC_Os02g13430、LOC_Os04g01310、LOC_ Os04g01320、LOC_Os01g12130和LOC_Os01g12320基因表达显著上调, 且大部分基因的表达量在双亲和高抗水稻株系华占86间差异显著(图5), 说明这些基因可能参与调控白叶枯病抗性。值得注意的是, LOC_Os01g12160和LOC_Os05g10690在2种不同抗性亲本中表现出相反的表达模式, 接种Xoo后, 华占中两基因的表达量升高, 而热研2号中则出现显著下调。
水稻白叶枯病是危害全球水稻生产的细菌性病害, 严重影响水稻产量, 亚洲地区是该病的流行高发区。通过深入研究水稻对白叶枯病的防御机制, 可以系统解析水稻白叶枯病抗性的遗传背景与调控网络, 为选育兼具白叶枯病抗性和高产优质水稻品种奠定理论基础。由于白叶枯病菌具有种群多样性高和进化速度快的特性, 非小种特异性抗性QTL的鉴定和利用成为防治白叶枯病的有效策略。虽然前人在水稻白叶枯病抗性遗传机理方面取得了一定的研究进展, 部分数量性状位点被鉴定, 但是在遗传分析和基因调控机制方面仍缺乏直接有效的理论依据, 对于白叶枯病抗性基因的研究仍处于起步阶段。
水稻对白叶枯病的抗性为多基因控制的数量性状, 受主效基因和微效基因共同控制。20世纪60年代以来, 白叶枯病抗性基因的利用一直是水稻抗病育种的研究热点。随着数量性状位点研究理论和方法的不断完善, 以及水稻高密度遗传图谱的构建, 解析水稻白叶枯病的遗传机制成为可能。本研究以接种白叶枯病菌后14天的病斑长度为水稻白叶枯病抗性的检测指标, 共检测到19个QTLs, 进一步利用qRT-PCR技术, 挖掘并分析调控水稻白叶枯病抗性的潜在候选基因。
本研究中, 白叶枯病致病小种的致病性在RILs群体与亲本之间存在显著差异, 且在RILs群体中, 各致病小种的致病性(病斑长度数值)呈现连续分布。不同白叶枯病致病小种的侵染能力不同, 一些抗性基因可能只对1种或几种白叶枯病致病小种具有抗性, 说明不同白叶枯病致病小种的侵染机制和遗传基础存在差异。本研究对致病小种P6、P10、C5和T1的致病相关性进行分析, 结果表明, 中国小种C5、日本小种T1与菲律宾小种P6和P10之间的致病性存在一定相关性, 但是相关系数不高。
有关白叶枯病抗性QTL与基因的研究较多, 本研究验证了前人的部分结果。Gu等(2004)以特定杂交组合后代为材料构建了含Xa27的近等基因系和定位群体, 将Xa27定位于0.052 cM区间内, 最终将其成功克隆。Xa27对应的病原菌无毒基因是avrXa27, avrXa27效应因子能够激活Xa27的转录, 从而引发水稻对病原菌的抗性反应, 但这种激活依赖于寄主通用转录因子OsTFIIAg5 (Gu et al., 2005)。Xa27与本研究鉴定的qP6-6区间位点有重合, 验证了实验的有效性。Zhang等(2019)发现的OsABA1与本研究检测到的qP10-4.2区间存在部分重叠, 该基因参与脱落酸合成。脱落酸能促进气孔关闭, 抑制气孔开放, 削弱水稻对病原菌侵入后的抗性, Osaba1突变体脱落酸含量降低, 对水稻白叶枯病菌具有广谱抗性。本研究中, LOD值最高的qP10-4.3区间内含有已报道的基因Xa1、Xa2、Xa14和Xa38 (Yoshimura et al., 1998; He et al., 2006; 鲍思元等, 2010; Bhasin et al., 2012)。OsPDR1 (Zhang et al., 2020)与本研究获得的qP10-8区间存在部分重叠, 该基因编码3种剪接异构体, OsPDR1.2和OsPDR1.3过表达植株表现出更高的茉莉酸盐含量以及更强的生长抑制和抗病性, 特别是对白叶枯病的抗性。OsSGS3a (Gu et al., 2023)和ELL1 (Tian et al., 2020)位于12号染色体上, 分别与位点qP10-12.1和qP10-12.2的区间有部分重叠, 负调控水稻对白叶枯病菌的抗性。Xa45(t) (Neelam et al., 2020)与qC5-8有重合部分, 该基因最初被定位于水稻8号染色体长臂上, 位于SNP标记C8.26737175与C8.26818765之间, 近期从一年生普通野生稻(O. nivara)中克隆到此基因。在本研究中, 对华占和热研2号及其RILs群体接种白叶枯病小种T1, 定位到6个QTL位点。qT1-1.2包含调控肌动蛋白组装、穗发育和失水率的基因TUT1 (Zhang et al., 2019), 其突变体气孔导度增大, 表现出对白叶枯病的极强抗性。qT1-3位点包含定位于3号染色体的白叶枯病抗性基因Xa11和OsSLR1。Xa11 (Goto et al., 2009)是从水稻近等基因系IR-BB11中鉴定到的显性抗白叶枯病基因, 可能通过典型的NBS-LRR结构介导抗病信号通路。De Vleesschauwer等(2016)发现SLR1蛋白能够整合并放大水杨酸和茉莉酸介导的防卫信号, 作为水稻半活体营养型病原菌(稻瘟病菌和白叶枯病菌)抗性的正调控因子, 介导水稻先天免疫反应。qT1-12位点包含基因OsPR10a, 该基因过表达可增强水稻对白叶枯病菌的抗性(Huang et al., 2016)。
本研究也定位到多个调控水稻白叶枯病抗性的新位点, 通过对这些位点中候选基因的筛选, 挖掘出部分可能与白叶枯病抗性相关的基因。例如, 在4号染色体物理距离46 622-253 174 bp区间内定位到1个LOD值达4.09的位点qP10-4.1, 筛选出候选基因LOC_Os04g01310和LOC_Os04g01320, 可能编码丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶前体。已有研究表明, 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶结构域可能与白叶枯病抗性有关。本研究表明, 在接种白叶枯病菌后, LOC_Os04g01310和LOC_Os04g01320的表达水平显著上调, 在高抗水稻株系华占86中其表达量在48小时升到最高, 初步推测定位于内质网, 可能与Xoo识别相关。本研究新发现的QTL位点其LOD值均具有可靠性, 且无过大区间, 为后续应用于分子设计育种提供了重要参考。
在新位点qP6-2中筛选出5个候选基因, 分别为LOC_Os02g13270、LOC_Os02g13350、LOC_Os02g13410、LOC_Os02g13420和LOC_Os02g13430。LOC_Os02g13270编码1个长度为287 aa含Mpv17/ PMP2结构域的家族蛋白, 在两亲本和高抗水稻株系华占86中均出现上调表达, 且在高抗水稻株系中表达量更高, 推测其可能参与调控水稻白叶枯病抗性。LOC_Os02g13350长度为2 612 bp, 属于NUDIX基因家族, 在对感病亲本华占进行接菌处理后该基因出现较为显著的上调表达。编码LRR蛋白的基因LOC_Os02g13410和编码LRR受体激酶前体的基因LOC_Os02g13420在不同水稻株系间表达量存在差异, 且在抗病亲本热研2号和高抗水稻株系华占86中都出现明显的上调表达。LOC_Os02g13430为类受体蛋白激酶5前体的调控基因, 其在接菌后表达显著上调, 且在华占中的响应时间较短, 在接菌后24小时表达量升至原有水平的4倍。在新位点qC5-1中筛选出3个与白叶枯病抗性相关的候选基因。其中, LOC_ Os01g12130编码一个全长为252 aa的SWEET蛋白, 包含MtN3/saliva结构域。未接菌时, LOC_Os01g12130在双亲间的表达水平差异极显著, 在接菌后极显著上调, 接菌48小时在热研2号和华占86株系中的表达量升至原有水平的6倍, 推测该基因极有可能参与调控白叶枯病抗性。GH3家族基因LOC_Os01g12160在2种不同抗性的亲本中表现出相反的表达模式, 在抗病亲本热研2号接种Xoo后出现较为显著的下调。LOC_Os01g12320编码包含DGSL脂肪酶结构域的蛋白, 在接菌后48小时其表达明显上调, 且在华占86中的表达差异更明显。从重复位点qT1-5中筛选出的LOC_Os05g10690属于MYB转录因子家族基因。水稻MYB转录因子几乎参与调控水稻发育的各阶段, 直接或间接调控种子储存、抗逆以及次生代谢等相关基因的表达, 同时在水稻的生物胁迫反应中发挥重要作用(吴秀菊等, 2024)。LOC_Os05g10690在接菌后的华占和华占86中显著上调表达, 且在高抗水稻株系华占86中表达量升至原有水平的3倍, 推测其在线粒体中发挥作用, 参与调控白叶枯病抗性。
综上, 本研究共定位到分布在水稻1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、11和12号染色体上的19个与水稻白叶枯病抗性相关的QTLs, 其中第4号染色体上的位点具有高LOD值(达5.49)。与STK受体蛋白调控通路有关的2个候选基因LOC_Os02g13410和LOC_Os04g01320在接菌处理后出现明显的上调表达。同时, MYB转录因子家族基因LOC_Os05g10690、编码LRR受体激酶前体的基因LOC_Os02g13420以及与GDSL家族脂肪酶调控通路相关的基因LOC_Os01g12320在接菌处理后表达量呈极显著升高。候选基因LOC_Os02g13410、LOC_Os02g13430、LOC_Os02g13270和LOC_Os01g12130在双亲间的表达量存在显著差异, 与亲本表型相符, 且接种白叶枯病菌后上调表达。因此, 我们推测上述基因极有可能参与调控水稻白叶枯病抗性。本研究利用华占与热研2号构建RILs群体, 在前人研究的基础上, 进一步挖掘出与水稻白叶枯病抗性相关的QTL位点, 为后续解析水稻白叶枯病抗性的分子机制及培育广谱抗病水稻品种提供重要参考。
陈钧: 论文构思, 完成实验并撰写论文; 徐江民: 论文构思, 指导论文撰写与修改; 周逸楠, 江亚楠: 收集整理文献并作图; 胡程翔: 提出改进建议并参与论文修改; 金芊芸, 赵蓓蓓, 朱哲楠, 徐雨青, 张璐怡, 刘笑妍, 刘隽, 李三峰: 参与论文修改; 王跃星, 饶玉春: 论文构思, 指导论文撰写与修改。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1300703)
  • 2025年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(202510345055)
  • 2025年浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2025R404A036)
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2025年第60卷第5期
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doi: 10.11983/CBB25059
  • 接收时间:2025-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08
  • 录用日期:2025-06-03
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国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1300703)
2025年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(202510345055)
2025年浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2025R404A036)
作者信息
    1浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 金华 321004
    2中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 杭州 310006

通讯作者:

*饶玉春, 博士/博士后, 教授, 博士生导师, “双龙学者”特聘教授, 浙江省“高校领军人才培养计划”高层次拔尖人才(2022年), 金华市青年拔尖人才(2023年), 浙江省发明协会理事、植物遗传专业委员会副主任, 中国作物学会会员, 浙江省遗传学会会员。主要从事水稻等禾谷类作物的分子遗传学研究。以第一作者或通讯作者身份在Science Bulletin和New Phytologist等权威期刊发表论文80余篇, 以合作者身份在Nature Plants、Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America等杂志发表论文30余篇。主持转基因国家重大专项子课题、国家自然科学基金和浙江省自然科学基金等科研项目。授权国家发明专利25项(第一完成人)。
王跃星, 博士, 研究员, 博士生导师, 中国水稻研究所超级稻育种创新团队首席科学家, 国家水稻改良中心副主任。入选国家高层次人才青年拔尖人才、浙江省高层次人才青年拔尖人才和“151”第二层次人才培养工程以及中国农业科学院“农科英才”杰出青年英才。主要从事水稻遗传育种工作, 已完成一系列水稻重要农艺性状基因的克隆和育种利用。以第一作者在Nature Genetics和Molecular Plant等国际著名期刊发表论文多篇。主持国家自然科学基金、浙江省自然科学基金杰出青年基金等项目。以第一或主要完成人选育水稻优质不育系和杂交水稻新品种7个, 获植物新品种权5项, 授权国家发明专利8项。荣获中国农学会青年科技奖。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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