Article(id=1319998825658434014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319998767835754596, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB25052, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB25052, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748880000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-03, onlineDate=1792641844428, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792641844428, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792641844428, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792641844428, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319998767835754596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='5', pageStart='669', pageEnd='853', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757433600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792641830643, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792641943258, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319999240240222831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319998767835754596, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319999240240222832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319998767835754596, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=669, endPage=678, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319998825901703647, articleId=1319998825658434014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Emerging Innovation in Plant Immunity, columnId=1317485696684773674, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=SPOTLIGHTS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, we have witnessed transformative breakthroughs in plant disease resistance research, particularly in deciphering the intricate interplay between hosts and pathogens. Cutting-edge discoveries span pathogen recognition mechanisms, immune signaling cascades, and multi-layered interactions integrating plants, pathogens, vectors, and environmental variables. Notably, pioneering studies from domestic research institutions have driven progress across pathogen-sensing systems, secondary metabolite-mediated defense, immune module engineering in crops, and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered solutions for pathogen-resistant peptide design. The rapid development of CRISPR/ Cas9-based gene editing and AI technologies has further empowered researchers to engineer disease-resistant crop varieties with unprecedented precision. Such progress holds profound implications for ensuring national food security and advancing strategic priorities in disease-resistant crop breeding, marking a transformative era in agricultural biotechnology and sustainable agriculture.

, authors=Liu Deshui1, Yue Ning2, *, Liu Yule2, authorsList=Liu Deshui, Yue Ning, Liu Yule, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yue Ning, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319998826677649890, articleId=1319998825658434014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=CN, title=植物免疫机制新突破, columnId=1317485696835768620, journalTitle=植物学报, columnName=热点评述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来, 植物抗病免疫研究取得了突破性进展, 包括病原识别、免疫信号转导及植物-病原-介体-环境互作等。这些研究不仅增强了我们对植物抗病免疫的理解, 还为分子育种和分子遗传学研究奠定了坚实的基础。近期, 国内多家单位相继在植物免疫机制研究中取得了令人振奋的新突破, 从植物应对病原的识别机制、次级代谢产物参与植物抗病反应过程、 禾本科作物的抗病模块和基于人工智能的抗病小肽设计等不同层面对植物免疫反应的分子机制进行了深入解析。随着CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术和人工智能的快速发展, 这些研究成果将有助于创制具有抗病特性的新种质, 从而加速抗病作物新品种的培育过程, 对于抗病生物育种和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。

, authors=刘德水1, 岳宁2, *, 刘玉乐2, authorsList=刘德水, 岳宁, 刘玉乐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=岳宁, authorNote=

刘玉乐, 清华大学生命科学学院教授, 国家杰出青年基金获得者。长期从事植物病毒和细胞自噬相关研究, 在植物抗病毒免疫、病毒病理、病毒载体及细胞自噬方面做出了一些有国际影响的工作。以通讯作者或第一作者在Nature、Cell和Cell Host & Microbe等期刊发表论文60余篇。主编教材《生物化学》(清华大学出版社, 2023)。论文被Web of Science共引用超过21829次。自2014年起每年均入选Elsevier发布的中国高被引学者榜单

, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=URkII0+ezVS1dFiOAYTpFg==, magXml=nXn6P1D4ZbMsy6YvtrScuA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vGLIJG66JzW7yfCTeiAvkw==, pdfFileSize=1101001, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wtXvKH22qKZOvsAY/hbBAg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SAXzsnAwzCi9nbwFqlfAyQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1319998827084497386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827180966380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827084497386, language=EN, stringName=Liu Deshui, firstName=Liu, middleName=null, lastName=Deshui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102211, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827256463853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827084497386, language=CN, stringName=刘德水, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京生命科技研究院有限公司, 北京 102211, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998826904142307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998826912530916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998826904142307, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102211, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998826920919525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998826904142307, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京生命科技研究院有限公司, 北京 102211)])]), Author(id=1319998827327767023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yuening94@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827403264497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827327767023, language=EN, stringName=Yue Ning, firstName=Yue, middleName=null, lastName=Ning, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827474567666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827327767023, language=CN, stringName=岳宁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998827000611302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827008999911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827017388520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1319998827550065140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827633951222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827550065140, language=EN, stringName=Liu Yule, firstName=Liu, middleName=null, lastName=Yule, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827692671479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827550065140, language=CN, stringName=刘玉乐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084, bio={"content":"

刘玉乐, 清华大学生命科学学院教授, 国家杰出青年基金获得者。长期从事植物病毒和细胞自噬相关研究, 在植物抗病毒免疫、病毒病理、病毒载体及细胞自噬方面做出了一些有国际影响的工作。以通讯作者或第一作者在Nature、Cell和Cell Host & Microbe等期刊发表论文60余篇。主编教材《生物化学》(清华大学出版社, 2023)。论文被Web of Science共引用超过21829次。自2014年起每年均入选Elsevier发布的中国高被引学者榜单

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘玉乐, 清华大学生命科学学院教授, 国家杰出青年基金获得者。长期从事植物病毒和细胞自噬相关研究, 在植物抗病毒免疫、病毒病理、病毒载体及细胞自噬方面做出了一些有国际影响的工作。以通讯作者或第一作者在Nature、Cell和Cell Host & Microbe等期刊发表论文60余篇。主编教材《生物化学》(清华大学出版社, 2023)。论文被Web of Science共引用超过21829次。自2014年起每年均入选Elsevier发布的中国高被引学者榜单

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998827000611302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827008999911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827017388520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1319998827789140472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=plant immunity), Keyword(id=1319998827864637945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=phytoalexins), Keyword(id=1319998827931746810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=perception of viral infection), Keyword(id=1319998827998855675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=disease resistance breeding), Keyword(id=1319998828082741756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=植物免疫), Keyword(id=1319998828175016445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=植保素), Keyword(id=1319998828254708222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=识别病毒侵染), Keyword(id=1319998828346982911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=抗病育种)], refs=[Reference(id=1319998828971934212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=630, issue=null, pageStart=493, pageEnd=500, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Abramson J, Adler J, Dunger J, Evans R, Green T, Pritzel A, Ronneberger O, Willmore L, Ballard AJ, Bambrick J, Bodenstein SW, Evans DA, Hung CC, O'Neill M, Reiman D, Tunyasuvunakool K, Wu Z, Žemgulytė A, Arvaniti E, Beattie C, Bertolli O, Bridgland A, Cherepanov A, Congreve M, Cowen-Rivers AI, Cowie A, Figurnov M, Fuchs FB, Gladman H, Jain R, Khan YA, Low CMR, Perlin K, Potapenko A, Savy P, Singh S, Stecula A, Thillaisundaram A, Tong C, Yakneen S, Zhong ED, Zielinski M, Žídek A, Bapst V, Kohli P, Jaderberg M, Hassabis D, Jumper JM, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Abramson J, Adler J, Dunger J, Evans R, Green T, Pritzel A, Ronneberger O, Willmore L, Ballard AJ, Bambrick J, Bodenstein SW, Evans DA, Hung CC, O'Neill M, Reiman D, Tunyasuvunakool K, Wu Z, Žemgulytė A, Arvaniti E, Beattie C, Bertolli O, Bridgland A, Cherepanov A, Congreve M, Cowen-Rivers AI, Cowie A, Figurnov M, Fuchs FB, Gladman H, Jain R, Khan YA, Low CMR, Perlin K, Potapenko A, Savy P, Singh S, Stecula A, Thillaisundaram A, Tong C, Yakneen S, Zhong ED, Zielinski M, Žídek A, Bapst V, Kohli P, Jaderberg M, Hassabis D, Jumper JM (2024). Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3. Nature 630, 493-500., articleTitle=Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829030654469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=73, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Ahuja I, Kissen R, Bones AM, journalName=Trends Plant Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ahuja I, Kissen R, Bones AM (2012). Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens. Trends Plant Sci 17, 73-90., articleTitle=Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829101957638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=407, pageEnd=414, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Bednarek P, journalName=Curr Opin Plant Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bednarek P (2012). Chemical warfare or modulators of defence responses—the function of secondary metabolites in plant immunity. Curr Opin Plant Biol 15, 407-414., articleTitle=Chemical warfare or modulators of defence responses—the function of secondary metabolites in plant immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829173260807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=323, issue=null, pageStart=101, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Bednarek P, Pislewska-Bednarek M, Svatos A, Schneider B, Doubsky J, Mansurova M, Humphry M, Consonni C, Panstruga R, Sanchez-Vallet A, Molina A, Schulze- Lefert P, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bednarek P, Pislewska-Bednarek M, Svatos A, Schneider B, Doubsky J, Mansurova M, Humphry M, Consonni C, Panstruga R, Sanchez-Vallet A, Molina A, Schulze- Lefert P (2009). A glucosinolate metabolism pathway in living plant cells mediates broad-spectrum antifungal defense. Science 323, 101-106., articleTitle=A glucosinolate metabolism pathway in living plant cells mediates broad-spectrum antifungal defense, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829248758281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=184, issue=null, pageStart=3528, pageEnd=3541, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Bi GZ, Su M, Li N, Liang Y, Dang S, Xu JC, Hu MJ, Wang JZ, Zou MX, Deng YN, Li QY, Huang SJ, Li JJ, Chai JJ, He KM, Chen YH, Zhou JM, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bi GZ, Su M, Li N, Liang Y, Dang S, Xu JC, Hu MJ, Wang JZ, Zou MX, Deng YN, Li QY, Huang SJ, Li JJ, Chai JJ, He KM, Chen YH, Zhou JM (2021). The ZAR1 resistosome is a calcium-permeable channel triggering plant immune signaling. Cell 184, 3528-3541., articleTitle=The ZAR1 resistosome is a calcium-permeable channel triggering plant immune signaling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829391364618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=491, issue=null, pageStart=705, pageEnd=710, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Brenchley R, Spannagl M, Pfeifer M, Barker GLA, D'Amore R, Allen AM, McKenzie N, Kramer M, Kerhornou A, Bolser D, Kay S, Waite D, Trick M, Bancroft I, Gu Y, Huo NX, Luo MC, Sehgal S, Gill B, Kianian S, Anderson O, Kersey P, Dvorak J, McCombie WR, Hall A, Mayer KFX, Edwards KJ, Bevan MW, Hall N, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brenchley R, Spannagl M, Pfeifer M, Barker GLA, D'Amore R, Allen AM, McKenzie N, Kramer M, Kerhornou A, Bolser D, Kay S, Waite D, Trick M, Bancroft I, Gu Y, Huo NX, Luo MC, Sehgal S, Gill B, Kianian S, Anderson O, Kersey P, Dvorak J, McCombie WR, Hall A, Mayer KFX, Edwards KJ, Bevan MW, Hall N (2012). Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole- genome shotgun sequencing. Nature 491, 705-710., articleTitle=Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole- genome shotgun sequencing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829479445003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=387, issue=null, pageStart=1402, pageEnd=1408, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Chen RJ, Chen J, Powell OR, Outram MA, Arndell T, Gajendiran K, Wang YL, Lubega J, Xu Y, Ayliffe MA, Blundell C, Figueroa M, Sperschneider J, Vanhercke T, Kanyuka K, Tang DZ, Zhong GT, Gardener C, Yu GT, Gourdoupis S, Jaremko Ł, Matny O, Steffenson BJ, Boshoff WHP, Meyer WB, Arold ST, Dodds PN, Wulff BBH, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen RJ, Chen J, Powell OR, Outram MA, Arndell T, Gajendiran K, Wang YL, Lubega J, Xu Y, Ayliffe MA, Blundell C, Figueroa M, Sperschneider J, Vanhercke T, Kanyuka K, Tang DZ, Zhong GT, Gardener C, Yu GT, Gourdoupis S, Jaremko Ł, Matny O, Steffenson BJ, Boshoff WHP, Meyer WB, Arold ST, Dodds PN, Wulff BBH (2025). A wheat tandem kinase activates an NLR to trigger immunity. Science 387, 1402-1408., articleTitle=A wheat tandem kinase activates an NLR to trigger immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829580108300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=225, issue=null, pageStart=948, pageEnd=959, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Chen SS, Rouse MN, Zhang WJ, Zhang XQ, Guo Y, Briggs J, Dubcovsky J, journalName=New Phytol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen SS, Rouse MN, Zhang WJ, Zhang XQ, Guo Y, Briggs J, Dubcovsky J (2020). Wheat gene Sr60 encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains that confers resistance to stem rust. New Phytol 225, 948-959., articleTitle=Wheat gene Sr60 encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains that confers resistance to stem rust, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829672382989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=331, issue=null, pageStart=1185, pageEnd=1188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Fan J, Crooks C, Creissen G, Hill L, Fairhurst S, Doerner P, Lamb C, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan J, Crooks C, Creissen G, Hill L, Fairhurst S, Doerner P, Lamb C (2011). Pseudomonas sax genes overcome aliphatic isothiocyanate-mediated non-host resistance in Ara- bidopsis. Science 331, 1185-1188., articleTitle=Pseudomonas sax genes overcome aliphatic isothiocyanate-mediated non-host resistance in Ara- bidopsis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829735297550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=469, pageEnd=476, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Feng F, Zhou JM, journalName=Curr Opin Plant Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng F, Zhou JM (2012). Plant-bacterial pathogen interactions mediated by type III effectors. Curr Opin Plant Biol 15, 469-476., articleTitle=Plant-bacterial pathogen interactions mediated by type III effectors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829806600719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=610, issue=null, pageStart=532, pageEnd=539, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Förderer A, Li ET, Lawson AW, Deng YN, Sun Y, Logemann E, Zhang XX, Wen J, Han ZF, Chang JB, Chen YH, Schulze-Lefert P, Chai JJ, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Förderer A, Li ET, Lawson AW, Deng YN, Sun Y, Logemann E, Zhang XX, Wen J, Han ZF, Chang JB, Chen YH, Schulze-Lefert P, Chai JJ (2022). A wheat resistosome defines common principles of immune receptor channels. Nature 610, 532-539., articleTitle=A wheat resistosome defines common principles of immune receptor channels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829890486800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=62, issue=null, pageStart=243, pageEnd=262, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Graham JH, Bassanezi RB, Dawson WO, Dantzler R, journalName=Ann Rev Phytopathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Graham JH, Bassanezi RB, Dawson WO, Dantzler R (2024). Management of Huanglongbing of citrus: lessons from São Paulo and Florida. Ann Rev Phytopathol 62, 243-262., articleTitle=Management of Huanglongbing of citrus: lessons from São Paulo and Florida, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998829957595665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=57, issue=null, pageStart=303, pageEnd=333, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Halkier BA, Gershenzon J, journalName=Annu Rev Plant Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Halkier BA, Gershenzon J (2006). Biology and biochemistry of glucosinolates. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57, 303-333., articleTitle=Biology and biochemistry of glucosinolates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830049870354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=null, pageStart=776, pageEnd=787, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Huang SJ, Jia AL, Ma SC, Sun Y, Chang XY, Han ZF, Chai JJ, journalName=Trends Biochem Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang SJ, Jia AL, Ma SC, Sun Y, Chang XY, Han ZF, Chai JJ (2023). NLR signaling in plants: from resistosomes to second messengers. Trends Biochem Sci 48, 776-787., articleTitle=NLR signaling in plants: from resistosomes to second messengers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830133756435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=641, issue=null, pageStart=173, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Huang Y, Yang JL, Sun X, Li JH, Cao XQ, Yao SZ, Han YH, Chen CT, Du LL, Li S, Ji YH, Zhou T, Wang H, Han JJ, Wang WM, Wei CH, Xie Q, Yang ZR, Li Y, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Y, Yang JL, Sun X, Li JH, Cao XQ, Yao SZ, Han YH, Chen CT, Du LL, Li S, Ji YH, Zhou T, Wang H, Han JJ, Wang WM, Wei CH, Xie Q, Yang ZR, Li Y (2025). Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice. Nature 641, 173-181., articleTitle=Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830213448212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=444, issue=null, pageStart=323, pageEnd=329, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Jones JDG, Dangl JL, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jones JDG, Dangl JL (2006). The plant immune system. Nature 444, 323-329., articleTitle=The plant immune system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830288945685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=79, issue=null, pageStart=1305, pageEnd=1324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Joubert A, Simoneau P, Campion C, Bataillé-Simoneau N, Iacomi-Vasilescu B, Poupard P, François JM, Georgeault S, Sellier E, Guillemette T, journalName=Mol Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Joubert A, Simoneau P, Campion C, Bataillé-Simoneau N, Iacomi-Vasilescu B, Poupard P, François JM, Georgeault S, Sellier E, Guillemette T (2011). Impact of the unfolded protein response on the pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Mol Microbiol 79, 1305-1324., articleTitle=Impact of the unfolded protein response on the pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830364443158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=3735, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Klymiuk V, Yaniv E, Huang L, Raats D, Fatiukha A, Chen SS, Feng LH, Frenkel Z, Krugman T, Lidzbarsky G, Chang W, Jääskeläinen MJ, Schudoma C, Paulin L, Laine P, Bariana H, Sela H, Saleem K, Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Distelfeld A, Chalhoub B, Dubcovsky J, Korol AB, Schulman AH, Fahima T, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Klymiuk V, Yaniv E, Huang L, Raats D, Fatiukha A, Chen SS, Feng LH, Frenkel Z, Krugman T, Lidzbarsky G, Chang W, Jääskeläinen MJ, Schudoma C, Paulin L, Laine P, Bariana H, Sela H, Saleem K, Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Distelfeld A, Chalhoub B, Dubcovsky J, Korol AB, Schulman AH, Fahima T (2018). Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family. Nat Commun 9, 3735., articleTitle=Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830435746327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022a, volume=602, issue=null, pageStart=455, pageEnd=460, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Li SN, Lin DX, Zhang YW, Deng M, Chen YX, Lv B, Li BS, Lei Y, Wang YP, Zhao L, Liang YT, Liu JX, Chen KL, Liu ZY, Xiao J, Qiu JL, Gao CX, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li SN, Lin DX, Zhang YW, Deng M, Chen YX, Lv B, Li BS, Lei Y, Wang YP, Zhao L, Liang YT, Liu JX, Chen KL, Liu ZY, Xiao J, Qiu JL, Gao CX (2022a). Genome-edited powdery mildew resistance in wheat without growth penalties. Nature 602, 455-460., articleTitle=Genome-edited powdery mildew resistance in wheat without growth penalties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830553186840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022b, volume=234, issue=null, pageStart=618, pageEnd=633, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Li ZL, Yang XX, Li WL, Wen ZY, Duan JN, Jiang ZH, Zhang DL, Xie XL, Wang XT, Li FF, Li DW, Zhang YL, journalName=New Phytol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li ZL, Yang XX, Li WL, Wen ZY, Duan JN, Jiang ZH, Zhang DL, Xie XL, Wang XT, Li FF, Li DW, Zhang YL (2022b). SAMDC3 enhances resistance to Barley stripe mosaic virus by promoting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of viral γb protein. New Phytol 234, 618-633., articleTitle=SAMDC3 enhances resistance to Barley stripe mosaic virus by promoting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of viral γb protein, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830662238745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=680, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Lu P, Guo L, Wang ZZ, Li BB, Li J, Li YH, Qiu D, Shi WQ, Yang LJ, Wang N, Guo GH, Xie JZ, Wu QH, Chen YX, Li MM, Zhang HZ, Dong LL, Zhang PP, Zhu KY, Yu DZ, Zhang Y, Deal KR, Huo NX, Liu CM, Luo MC, Dvorak J, Gu YQ, Li HJ, Liu ZY, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu P, Guo L, Wang ZZ, Li BB, Li J, Li YH, Qiu D, Shi WQ, Yang LJ, Wang N, Guo GH, Xie JZ, Wu QH, Chen YX, Li MM, Zhang HZ, Dong LL, Zhang PP, Zhu KY, Yu DZ, Zhang Y, Deal KR, Huo NX, Liu CM, Luo MC, Dvorak J, Gu YQ, Li HJ, Liu ZY (2020). A rare gain of function mutation in a wheat tandem kinase confers resistance to powdery mildew. Nat Commun 11, 680., articleTitle=A rare gain of function mutation in a wheat tandem kinase confers resistance to powdery mildew, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830750319130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=387, issue=null, pageStart=1418, pageEnd=1424, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Lu P, Zhang GH, Li J, Gong Z, Wang GJ, Dong LL, Zhang HZ, Guo GH, Su M, Wang K, Wang YM, Zhu KY, Wu QH, Chen YX, Li MM, Huang BG, Li BB, Li WL, Dong L, Hou YK, Cui XJ, Fu HK, Qiu D, Yuan CG, Li HJ, Zhou JM, Han GZ, Chen YH, Liu ZY, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu P, Zhang GH, Li J, Gong Z, Wang GJ, Dong LL, Zhang HZ, Guo GH, Su M, Wang K, Wang YM, Zhu KY, Wu QH, Chen YX, Li MM, Huang BG, Li BB, Li WL, Dong L, Hou YK, Cui XJ, Fu HK, Qiu D, Yuan CG, Li HJ, Zhou JM, Han GZ, Chen YH, Liu ZY (2025). A wheat tandem kinase and NLR pair confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens. Science 387, 1418-1424., articleTitle=A wheat tandem kinase and NLR pair confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830825816603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Miao P, Wang HJ, Wang W, Wang ZD, Ke H, Cheng HY, Ni JJ, Liang JN, Yao YF, Wang JZ, Zhou JM, Lei XG, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Miao P, Wang HJ, Wang W, Wang ZD, Ke H, Cheng HY, Ni JJ, Liang JN, Yao YF, Wang JZ, Zhou JM, Lei XG (2025). A widespread plant defense compound disarms bacterial type III injectisome assembly. Science 387, eads0377., articleTitle=A widespread plant defense compound disarms bacterial type III injectisome assembly, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830897119772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=1419, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Mohanty SP, Hughes DP, Salathé M, journalName=Front Plant Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mohanty SP, Hughes DP, Salathé M (2016). Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection. Front Plant Sci 7, 1419., articleTitle=Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998830972617245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=592, issue=null, pageStart=110, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Ngou BPM, Ahn HK, Ding PT, Jones JDG, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ngou BPM, Ahn HK, Ding PT, Jones JDG (2021). Mutual potentiation of plant immunity by cell-surface and intracellular receptors. Nature 592, 110-115., articleTitle=Mutual potentiation of plant immunity by cell-surface and intracellular receptors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831064891934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=1750, pageEnd=1758, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Ofer D, Brandes N, Linial M, journalName=Comput Struct Biotechnol J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ofer D, Brandes N, Linial M (2021). The language of proteins: NLP, machine learning & protein sequences. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 19, 1750-1758., articleTitle=The language of proteins: NLP, machine learning & protein sequences, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831161360927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=464, issue=null, pageStart=788, pageEnd=791, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Pauwels L, Barbero GF, Geerinck J, Tilleman S, Grunewald W, Pérez AC, Chico JM, Bossche RV, Sewell J, Gil E, García-Casado G, Witters E, Inzé D, Long JA, De Jaeger G, Solano R, Goossens A, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pauwels L, Barbero GF, Geerinck J, Tilleman S, Grunewald W, Pérez AC, Chico JM, Bossche RV, Sewell J, Gil E, García-Casado G, Witters E, Inzé D, Long JA, De Jaeger G, Solano R, Goossens A (2010). NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signaling. Nature 464, 788-791., articleTitle=NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signaling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831249441312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=206, issue=null, pageStart=948, pageEnd=964, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Piasecka A, Jedrzejczak-Rey N, Bednarek P, journalName=New Phytol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Piasecka A, Jedrzejczak-Rey N, Bednarek P (2015). Secondary metabolites in plant innate immunity: conserved function of divergent chemicals. New Phytol 206, 948-964., articleTitle=Secondary metabolites in plant innate immunity: conserved function of divergent chemicals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831320744481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=57, issue=null, pageStart=254, pageEnd=262, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Reveguk T, Fatiukha A, Potapenko E, Reveguk I, Sela H, Klymiuk V, Li YH, Pozniak C, Wicker T, Coaker G, Fahima T, journalName=Nat Genet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Reveguk T, Fatiukha A, Potapenko E, Reveguk I, Sela H, Klymiuk V, Li YH, Pozniak C, Wicker T, Coaker G, Fahima T (2025). Tandem kinase proteins across the plant kingdom. Nat Genet 57, 254-262., articleTitle=Tandem kinase proteins across the plant kingdom, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831400436258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=748, pageEnd=757, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Rogers EE, Glazebrook J, Ausubel FM, journalName=Mol Plant Microbe Interact, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rogers EE, Glazebrook J, Ausubel FM (1996). Mode of action of the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin camalexin and its role in Arabidopsis-pathogen interactions. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9, 748-757., articleTitle=Mode of action of the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin camalexin and its role in Arabidopsis-pathogen interactions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831484322339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=195, pageEnd=208, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Sellam A, Dongo A, Guillemette T, Hudhomme P, Simoneau P, journalName=Mol Plant Pathol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sellam A, Dongo A, Guillemette T, Hudhomme P, Simoneau P (2007). Transcriptional responses to exposure to the brassicaceous defence metabolites camalexin and allyl-isothiocyanate in the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Mol Plant Pathol 8, 195-208., articleTitle=Transcriptional responses to exposure to the brassicaceous defence metabolites camalexin and allyl-isothiocyanate in the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831572402724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=468, issue=null, pageStart=400, pageEnd=405, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Sheard LB, Tan X, Mao HB, Withers J, Ben-Nissan G, Hinds TR, Kobayashi Y, Hsu FF, Sharon M, Browse J, He SY, Rizo J, Howe GA, Zheng N, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sheard LB, Tan X, Mao HB, Withers J, Ben-Nissan G, Hinds TR, Kobayashi Y, Hsu FF, Sharon M, Browse J, He SY, Rizo J, Howe GA, Zheng N (2010). Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ co- receptor. Nature 468, 400-405., articleTitle=Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ co- receptor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831643705893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=911, pageEnd=925, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Shen QT, Hu T, Bao M, Cao LG, Zhang HW, Song FM, Xie Q, Zhou XP, journalName=Mol Plant, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen QT, Hu T, Bao M, Cao LG, Zhang HW, Song FM, Xie Q, Zhou XP (2016). Tobacco RING E3 ligase NtRFP1 mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of a geminivirus-encoded βC1. Mol Plant 9, 911-925., articleTitle=Tobacco RING E3 ligase NtRFP1 mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of a geminivirus-encoded βC1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831735980582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=e1002185, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Shlezinger N, Minz A, Gur Y, Hatam I, Dagdas YF, Talbot NJ, Sharon A, journalName=PLoS Pathog, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shlezinger N, Minz A, Gur Y, Hatam I, Dagdas YF, Talbot NJ, Sharon A (2011). Anti-apoptotic machinery protects the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea from host-induced apoptotic-like cell death during plant infection. PLoS Pathog 7, e1002185., articleTitle=Anti-apoptotic machinery protects the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea from host-induced apoptotic-like cell death during plant infection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831803089447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=1159, pageEnd=1166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Tang XY, Xiao YM, Zhou JM, journalName=Mol Plant Microbe Interact, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang XY, Xiao YM, Zhou JM (2006). Regulation of the type III secretion system in phytopathogenic bacteria. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19, 1159-1166., articleTitle=Regulation of the type III secretion system in phytopathogenic bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831878586920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=598, issue=null, pageStart=500, pageEnd=503, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Tian HN, Wu ZS, Chen SY, Ao K, Huang WJ, Yaghmaiean H, Sun TJ, Xu F, Zhang YJ, Wang SC, Li X, Zhang YL, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tian HN, Wu ZS, Chen SY, Ao K, Huang WJ, Yaghmaiean H, Sun TJ, Xu F, Zhang YJ, Wang SC, Li X, Zhang YL (2021). Activation of TIR signaling boosts pattern-triggered immunity. Nature 598, 500-503., articleTitle=Activation of TIR signaling boosts pattern-triggered immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998831954084393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=841, pageEnd=850, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Vargas P, Farias GA, Nogales J, Prada H, Carvajal V, Barón M, Rivilla R, Martín M, Olmedilla A, Gallegos MT, journalName=Environ Microbiol Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vargas P, Farias GA, Nogales J, Prada H, Carvajal V, Barón M, Rivilla R, Martín M, Olmedilla A, Gallegos MT (2013). Plant flavonoids target Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 flagella and type III secretion system. Environ Microbiol Rep 5, 841-850., articleTitle=tomato DC3000 flagella and type III secretion system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832016998954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=24, issue=null, pageStart=1207, pageEnd=1219, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Vargas P, Felipe A, Michán C, Gallegos MT, journalName=Mol Plant Microbe Interact, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vargas P, Felipe A, Michán C, Gallegos MT (2011). Induction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux pump by flavonoids is mediated by the repressor PmeR. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 24, 1207-1219., articleTitle=tomato DC3000 MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux pump by flavonoids is mediated by the repressor PmeR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832096690731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019a, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Wang JZ, Hu MJ, Wang J, Qi JF, Han ZF, Wang GX, Qi YJ, Wang HW, Zhou JM, Chai JJ, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang JZ, Hu MJ, Wang J, Qi JF, Han ZF, Wang GX, Qi YJ, Wang HW, Zhou JM, Chai JJ (2019a). Reconstitution and structure of a plant NLR resistosome conferring immunity. Science 364, eaav5870., articleTitle=Reconstitution and structure of a plant NLR resistosome conferring immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832167993900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019b, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Wang JZ, Wang J, Hu MJ, Wu S, Qi JF, Wang GX, Han ZF, Qi YJ, Gao N, Wang HW, Zhou JM, Chai JJ, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang JZ, Wang J, Hu MJ, Wu S, Qi JF, Wang GX, Han ZF, Qi YJ, Gao N, Wang HW, Zhou JM, Chai JJ (2019b). Ligand-triggered allosteric ADP release primes a plant NLR complex. Science 364, eaav5868., articleTitle=Ligand-triggered allosteric ADP release primes a plant NLR complex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832260268589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=601, pageEnd=613, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Wang W, Yang J, Zhang J, Liu YX, Tian CP, Qu BY, Gao CL, Xin PY, Cheng SJ, Zhang WJ, Miao P, Li L, Zhang XJ, Chu JF, Zuo JR, Li JY, Bai Y, Lei XG, Zhou JM, journalName=Cell Host Microbe, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang W, Yang J, Zhang J, Liu YX, Tian CP, Qu BY, Gao CL, Xin PY, Cheng SJ, Zhang WJ, Miao P, Li L, Zhang XJ, Chu JF, Zuo JR, Li JY, Bai Y, Lei XG, Zhou JM (2020). An Arabidopsis secondary metabolite directly targets expression of the bacterial type III secretion system to inhibit bacterial virulence. Cell Host Microbe 27, 601-613., articleTitle=An Arabidopsis secondary metabolite directly targets expression of the bacterial type III secretion system to inhibit bacterial virulence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832323183150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=null, pageStart=449, pageEnd=464, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Wang Y, Pruitt RN, Nürnberger T, Wang YC, journalName=Nat Rev Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Pruitt RN, Nürnberger T, Wang YC (2022). Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 20, 449-464., articleTitle=Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832386097711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=null, pageStart=1393, pageEnd=1406, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Wang YJ, Gong Q, Wu YY, Huang F, Ismayil A, Zhang DF, Li HG, Gu HQ, Ludman M, Fátyol K, Qi YJ, Yoshioka K, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Hong YG, Liu YL, journalName=Cell Host Microbe, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YJ, Gong Q, Wu YY, Huang F, Ismayil A, Zhang DF, Li HG, Gu HQ, Ludman M, Fátyol K, Qi YJ, Yoshioka K, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Hong YG, Liu YL (2021). A calmodulin-binding transcription factor links calcium signaling to antiviral RNAi defense in plants. Cell Host Microbe 29, 1393-1406., articleTitle=A calmodulin-binding transcription factor links calcium signaling to antiviral RNAi defense in plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832465789488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=116, issue=null, pageStart=5542, pageEnd=5549, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Washburn JD, Mejia-Guerra MK, Ramstein G, Kremling KA, Valluru R, Buckler ES, Wang H, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Washburn JD, Mejia-Guerra MK, Ramstein G, Kremling KA, Valluru R, Buckler ES, Wang H (2019). Evolutionarily informed deep learning methods for predicting relative transcript abundance from DNA sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116, 5542-5549., articleTitle=Evolutionarily informed deep learning methods for predicting relative transcript abundance from DNA sequence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832528704049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017a, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=402, pageEnd=415, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Wu DW, Qi TC, Li WX, Tian HX, Gao H, Wang JJ, Ge J, Yao RF, Ren CM, Wang XB, Liu YL, Kang L, Ding SW, Xie DX, journalName=Cell Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu DW, Qi TC, Li WX, Tian HX, Gao H, Wang JJ, Ge J, Yao RF, Ren CM, Wang XB, Liu YL, Kang L, Ding SW, Xie DX (2017a). Viral effector protein manipulates host hormone signaling to attract insect vectors. Cell Res 27, 402-415., articleTitle=Viral effector protein manipulates host hormone signaling to attract insect vectors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832604201522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017b, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=16203, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Wu JG, Yang RX, Yang ZR, Yao SZ, Zhao SS, Wang Y, Li PC, Song XW, Jin L, Zhou T, Lan Y, Xie LH, Zhou XP, Chu CC, Qi YJ, Cao XF, Li Y, journalName=Nat Plants, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu JG, Yang RX, Yang ZR, Yao SZ, Zhao SS, Wang Y, Li PC, Song XW, Jin L, Zhou T, Lan Y, Xie LH, Zhou XP, Chu CC, Qi YJ, Cao XF, Li Y (2017b). ROS accumulation and antiviral defence control by microRNA528 in rice. Nat Plants 3, 16203., articleTitle=ROS accumulation and antiviral defence control by microRNA528 in rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832688087603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Wu JG, Yang ZR, Wang Y, Zheng LJ, Ye RQ, Ji YH, Zhao SS, Ji SY, Liu RF, Xu L, Zheng H, Zhou YJ, Zhang X, Cao XF, Xie LH, Wu ZJ, Qi YJ, Li Y, journalName=eLife, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu JG, Yang ZR, Wang Y, Zheng LJ, Ye RQ, Ji YH, Zhao SS, Ji SY, Liu RF, Xu L, Zheng H, Zhou YJ, Zhang X, Cao XF, Xie LH, Wu ZJ, Qi YJ, Li Y (2015). Viral-inducible argonaute18 confers broad-spectrum virus resistance in rice by sequestering a host microRNA. eLife 4, e05733., articleTitle=Viral-inducible argonaute18 confers broad-spectrum virus resistance in rice by sequestering a host microRNA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832763585076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=66, issue=null, pageStart=579, pageEnd=622, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Wu JG, Zhang YL, Li FF, Zhang XM, Ye J, Wei TY, Li ZH, Tao XR, Cui F, Wang XB, Zhang LL, Yan F, Li SF, Liu YL, Li DW, Zhou XP, Li Y, journalName=J Integr Plant Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu JG, Zhang YL, Li FF, Zhang XM, Ye J, Wei TY, Li ZH, Tao XR, Cui F, Wang XB, Zhang LL, Yan F, Li SF, Liu YL, Li DW, Zhou XP, Li Y (2024). Plant virology in the 21st century in China: recent advances and future directions. J Integr Plant Biol 66, 579-622., articleTitle=Plant virology in the 21st century in China: recent advances and future directions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832855859765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=316, pageEnd=328, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Xin XF, Kvitko B, He SY, journalName=Nat Rev Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xin XF, Kvitko B, He SY (2018). Pseudomonas syringae: what it takes to be a pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 316-328., articleTitle=Pseudomonas syringae: what it takes to be a pathogen, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832922968630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=89, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Yang ZR, Huang Y, Yang JL, Yao SZ, Zhao K, Wang DH, Qin QQ, Bian Z, Li Y, Lan Y, Zhou T, Wang H, Liu C, Wang WM, Qi YJ, Xu ZH, Li Y, journalName=Cell Host Microbe, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang ZR, Huang Y, Yang JL, Yao SZ, Zhao K, Wang DH, Qin QQ, Bian Z, Li Y, Lan Y, Zhou T, Wang H, Liu C, Wang WM, Qi YJ, Xu ZH, Li Y (2020). Jasmonate signaling enhances RNA silencing and antiviral defense in rice. Cell Host Microbe 28, 89-103., articleTitle=Jasmonate signaling enhances RNA silencing and antiviral defense in rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998832981688887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=592, issue=null, pageStart=105, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Yuan MH, Jiang ZY, Bi GZ, Nomura K, Liu MH, Wang YP, Cai BY, Zhou JM, He SY, Xin XF, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan MH, Jiang ZY, Bi GZ, Nomura K, Liu MH, Wang YP, Cai BY, Zhou JM, He SY, Xin XF (2021). Pattern- recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity. Nature 592, 105-109., articleTitle=Pattern- recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998833061380664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=388, issue=null, pageStart=191, pageEnd=198, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Zhao PZ, Yang H, Sun YW, Zhang JY, Gao KX, Wu JB, Zhu CR, Yin CC, Chen XY, Liu Q, Xia QD, Li Q, Xiao H, Sun HX, Zhang XX, Yi L, Zhou CY, Kliebenstein DJ, Fang RX, Wang XF, Ye J, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao PZ, Yang H, Sun YW, Zhang JY, Gao KX, Wu JB, Zhu CR, Yin CC, Chen XY, Liu Q, Xia QD, Li Q, Xiao H, Sun HX, Zhang XX, Yi L, Zhou CY, Kliebenstein DJ, Fang RX, Wang XF, Ye J (2025). Targeted MYC2 stabilization confers citrus Huanglongbing resistance. Science 388, 191-198., articleTitle=Targeted MYC2 stabilization confers citrus Huanglongbing resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998833141072441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=181, issue=null, pageStart=978, pageEnd=989, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Zhou JM, Zhang YL, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou JM, Zhang YL (2020). Plant immunity: danger perception and signaling. Cell 181, 978-989., articleTitle=Plant immunity: danger perception and signaling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1319998833203987002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=177, issue=null, pageStart=942, pageEnd=956, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Zhou WK, Lozano-Torres JL, Blilou I, Zhang XY, Zhai QZ, Smant G, Li CY, Scheres B, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou WK, Lozano-Torres JL, Blilou I, Zhang XY, Zhai QZ, Smant G, Li CY, Scheres B (2019). A jasmonate signaling network activates root stem cells and promotes regeneration. Cell 177, 942-956., articleTitle=A jasmonate signaling network activates root stem cells and promotes regeneration, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1319998828808356354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, awardId=2024400CB0120, language=CN, fundingSource=北京生命科技研究院重点项目(2024400CB0120), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1319998828879659523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, awardId=32300123, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32300123), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998826904142307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998826912530916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998826904142307, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102211, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998826920919525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998826904142307, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京生命科技研究院有限公司, 北京 102211)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319998827000611302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827008999911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827017388520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319998828497977856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Resistosome assembly mechanisms

Top panel: Arabidopsis ZAR1 resistosome formation. ZAR1 interacts with the receptor-like kinase RKS1 in cytoplasm. Upon recognition of PBL2 uridylylated by the effector AvrAC, ZAR1 undergoes conformational changes to assemble into a resistosome that functions as a calcium channel. Bottom panel: Wheat WTN1 resistosome assembly. Binding of the effector PWT4 to the pseudo-kinase fragment (PKF) domain of WTK3 promotes oligomerization of WTN1, forming a calcium-permeable ion channel.

, figureFileSmall=sYpGfg/Vgb84+na0GlOksA==, figureFileBig=wtXvKH22qKZOvsAY/hbBAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319998828577669633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, language=CN, label=图1, caption=抗病小体的组装机制

上半部分显示拟南芥ZAR1形成抗病小体的过程。ZAR1与类受体激酶RKS1在细胞质中互作, 识别被效应因子AvrAC尿苷化修饰的PBL2后, 其构象发生改变, 形成抗病小体发挥钙离子通道作用。下半部分显示小麦WTN1形成抗病小体的过程。WTK3的PKF结构域与效应因子PWT4结合后促进WTN1多聚, 形成钙渗透性离子通道。

, figureFileSmall=sYpGfg/Vgb84+na0GlOksA==, figureFileBig=wtXvKH22qKZOvsAY/hbBAg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1316780566655369351, delFlag=0, nameCn=植物学报, nameEn=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1674-3466, eissn=null, cn=11-5705/Q, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=QplH/bt73CPkc4DL3OhnBw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791874551691, updatedTime=1791874921858, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=Z, firstLetterEn=Z, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=QplH/bt73CPkc4DL3OhnBw==, picEn=HdYH66VJdIVi1kb5mD1yLQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316782119343468839, language=CN, name=植物学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791874921880, updatedTime=1791874921880, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.chinbullbotany.com/Journalx_zwxtb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.chinbullbotany.com/Journalx_zwxtb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.chinbullbotany.com/Journalx_zwxtb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316782119410577704, language=EN, name=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791874921896, updatedTime=1791874921896, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.chinbullbotany.com/Journalx_zwxtb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.chinbullbotany.com/Journalx_zwxtb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.chinbullbotany.com/Journalx_zwxtb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1316781310003478668, websiteList=[Website(id=1317081487854384116, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1316781310003478668, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791946296895, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791946557110, updateBy=18614031015, name=植物学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=植物学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1317082712305946865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791946588827, updateTime=1791946588827, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712276586734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791946588820, updateTime=1791946588820, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712339501300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946588835, updateTime=1791946588835, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712268198125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=5rDTb6HuxXY6gQ5GZZ5Ttg==, createTime=1791946588818, updateTime=1791946588818, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712356278518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946588839, updateTime=1791946588839, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712293363952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791946588824, updateTime=1791946588824, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712347889909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946588837, updateTime=1791946588837, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712284975343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791946588822, updateTime=1791946588822, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712318529778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791946588830, updateTime=1791946588830, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082712326918387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081487854384116, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791946588832, updateTime=1791946588832, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1317081488122819581, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1316781310003478668, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791946296959, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791946552632, updateBy=18614031015, name=植物学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1317082657155043554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791946575678, updateTime=1791946575678, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657096323295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791946575664, updateTime=1791946575664, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657478004965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946575755, updateTime=1791946575755, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657071157470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=5rDTb6HuxXY6gQ5GZZ5Ttg==, createTime=1791946575658, updateTime=1791946575658, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657540919527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946575770, updateTime=1791946575770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657146654945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791946575676, updateTime=1791946575676, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657490587878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791946575758, updateTime=1791946575758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657117294816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791946575669, updateTime=1791946575669, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657163432163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791946575680, updateTime=1791946575680, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1317082657171820772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1317081488122819581, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791946575682, updateTime=1791946575682, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=植物学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.chinbullbotany.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, journalPhotoCn=QplH/bt73CPkc4DL3OhnBw==, journalPhotoEn=HdYH66VJdIVi1kb5mD1yLQ==, journalFirstLetter=Z, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/CN/10.11983/CBB25052, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/EN/10.11983/CBB25052, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/CN/PDF/10.11983/CBB25052, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/EN/PDF/10.11983/CBB25052, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1757433600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
植物免疫机制新突破
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘德水 1 , 岳宁 2, * , 刘玉乐 2
植物学报 | 热点评述 2025,60(5): 669-678
收起
收藏切换
植物学报 |热点评述 2025 , 60 (5) : 669 -678
植物免疫机制新突破
全屏
[Author(id=1319998827084497386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827180966380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827084497386, language=EN, stringName=Liu Deshui, firstName=Liu, middleName=null, lastName=Deshui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102211, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827256463853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827084497386, language=CN, stringName=刘德水, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京生命科技研究院有限公司, 北京 102211, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998826904142307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998826912530916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998826904142307, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102211, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998826920919525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998826904142307, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京生命科技研究院有限公司, 北京 102211)])]), Author(id=1319998827327767023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yuening94@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827403264497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827327767023, language=EN, stringName=Yue Ning, firstName=Yue, middleName=null, lastName=Ning, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827474567666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827327767023, language=CN, stringName=岳宁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998827000611302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827008999911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827017388520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1319998827550065140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827633951222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827550065140, language=EN, stringName=Liu Yule, firstName=Liu, middleName=null, lastName=Yule, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1319998827692671479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, authorId=1319998827550065140, language=CN, stringName=刘玉乐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084, bio={"content":"

刘玉乐, 清华大学生命科学学院教授, 国家杰出青年基金获得者。长期从事植物病毒和细胞自噬相关研究, 在植物抗病毒免疫、病毒病理、病毒载体及细胞自噬方面做出了一些有国际影响的工作。以通讯作者或第一作者在Nature、Cell和Cell Host & Microbe等期刊发表论文60余篇。主编教材《生物化学》(清华大学出版社, 2023)。论文被Web of Science共引用超过21829次。自2014年起每年均入选Elsevier发布的中国高被引学者榜单

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘玉乐, 清华大学生命科学学院教授, 国家杰出青年基金获得者。长期从事植物病毒和细胞自噬相关研究, 在植物抗病毒免疫、病毒病理、病毒载体及细胞自噬方面做出了一些有国际影响的工作。以通讯作者或第一作者在Nature、Cell和Cell Host & Microbe等期刊发表论文60余篇。主编教材《生物化学》(清华大学出版社, 2023)。论文被Web of Science共引用超过21829次。自2014年起每年均入选Elsevier发布的中国高被引学者榜单

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319998827000611302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827008999911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319998827017388520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319998825658434014, companyId=1319998827000611302, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084)])])]
刘德水1, 岳宁2, * , 刘玉乐2
作者信息
  • 1北京生命科技研究院有限公司, 北京 102211
  • 2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084
通讯作者:
作者简介:

刘玉乐, 清华大学生命科学学院教授, 国家杰出青年基金获得者。长期从事植物病毒和细胞自噬相关研究, 在植物抗病毒免疫、病毒病理、病毒载体及细胞自噬方面做出了一些有国际影响的工作。以通讯作者或第一作者在Nature、Cell和Cell Host & Microbe等期刊发表论文60余篇。主编教材《生物化学》(清华大学出版社, 2023)。论文被Web of Science共引用超过21829次。自2014年起每年均入选Elsevier发布的中国高被引学者榜单

Emerging Innovation in Plant Immunity
Liu Deshui1, Yue Ning2, * , Liu Yule2
Affiliations
  • 1Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102211, China
  • 2School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB25052
文章导航
收藏切换

近年来, 植物抗病免疫研究取得了突破性进展, 包括病原识别、免疫信号转导及植物-病原-介体-环境互作等。这些研究不仅增强了我们对植物抗病免疫的理解, 还为分子育种和分子遗传学研究奠定了坚实的基础。近期, 国内多家单位相继在植物免疫机制研究中取得了令人振奋的新突破, 从植物应对病原的识别机制、次级代谢产物参与植物抗病反应过程、 禾本科作物的抗病模块和基于人工智能的抗病小肽设计等不同层面对植物免疫反应的分子机制进行了深入解析。随着CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术和人工智能的快速发展, 这些研究成果将有助于创制具有抗病特性的新种质, 从而加速抗病作物新品种的培育过程, 对于抗病生物育种和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。

植物免疫  /  植保素  /  识别病毒侵染  /  抗病育种

In recent years, we have witnessed transformative breakthroughs in plant disease resistance research, particularly in deciphering the intricate interplay between hosts and pathogens. Cutting-edge discoveries span pathogen recognition mechanisms, immune signaling cascades, and multi-layered interactions integrating plants, pathogens, vectors, and environmental variables. Notably, pioneering studies from domestic research institutions have driven progress across pathogen-sensing systems, secondary metabolite-mediated defense, immune module engineering in crops, and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered solutions for pathogen-resistant peptide design. The rapid development of CRISPR/ Cas9-based gene editing and AI technologies has further empowered researchers to engineer disease-resistant crop varieties with unprecedented precision. Such progress holds profound implications for ensuring national food security and advancing strategic priorities in disease-resistant crop breeding, marking a transformative era in agricultural biotechnology and sustainable agriculture.

plant immunity  /  phytoalexins  /  perception of viral infection  /  disease resistance breeding
刘德水, 岳宁, 刘玉乐. 植物免疫机制新突破. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (5) : 669 -678 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25052
Liu Deshui, Yue Ning, Liu Yule. Emerging Innovation in Plant Immunity[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (5) : 669 -678 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB25052
各种病原导致的植物病害给农业生产造成巨大损失。植物在抵抗病原侵染过程中, 进化出双层防御系统, 包括病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)诱发的免疫(PAMP-triggered immunity, PTI)和病原效应子(effectors)诱发的免疫(effector-triggered immunity, ETI) (Wu et al., 2024)。其中细胞表面的模式识别受体(PRRs)负责识别PAMPs, 触发PTI; 而核苷酸结合和富含亮氨酸重复结构域的免疫受体(nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing immune receptors, NLRs)通过直接或间接识别病原效应子, 激活更强的ETI, 该过程常伴随超敏反应(HR)和系统抗性(Zhou and Zhang, 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2023)。在植物免疫反应中, 常伴随防御基因的大量表达、活性氧大量产生以及局部细胞壁增厚等。此外, RNA沉默、细胞自噬和泛素化系统以及激素信号在植物抵抗病原的过程中都扮演重要角色(Wu et al., 2024)。然而, 在寄主识别病原机制、次生代谢物的抗病机制、禾本科作物免疫信号转导通路以及人工智能在现代抗病研究中的作用方面仍面临诸多挑战。本文聚焦植物免疫研究中相对空白的领域, 以国内几家单位最新研究成果为例, 概述植物免疫领域的新突破。
泛素化蛋白降解系统和激素信号通路在植物抵抗病毒侵染过程中扮演重要角色。泛素激活酶(E1)、泛素结合酶(E2)和泛素连接酶(E3)协同完成细胞内泛素化修饰过程。泛素化修饰可靶向病毒蛋白或促进病毒侵染蛋白的降解以限制病毒侵染。例如, NtRFP1 E3连接酶增强βC1的泛素化, 并促进其通过蛋白酶体降解, 从而抑制番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl China virus, TYLCCNV)的侵染(Shen et al., 2016)。SAMDC3通过增强大麦条纹花叶病毒(barley stripe mosaic virus, BSMV) γb蛋白的泛素化和蛋白酶体降解促进植物对BSMV的防御反应(Li et al., 2022b)。
植物激素在协调植物免疫方面同样发挥重要作用(Jones and Dangl, 2006)。茉莉酸(JA)及其信号途径在植物防御腐生病原、食叶昆虫和机械性损伤中发挥关键作用(Wu et al., 2017a; Zhou et al., 2019)。JA信号通路通过“解除抑制”模型发挥作用。无JA-Ile时, JAZ蛋白通过NINJA蛋白招募TPL (TOPLESS)和TPR (TOPLESS-RELATED)共抑制因子, 抑制JA响应基因的转录(Pauwels et al., 2010); 而在JA-Ile合成后, JAZ抑制因子与F-box蛋白COI1结合, 通过26S蛋白酶体降解JAZ, 释放JA响应转录因子以调控基因的表达(Sheard et al., 2010)。
植物如何识别病毒侵染并启动下游防御通路, 从而发挥抗病毒作用一直不清楚。前期研究表明, RNAi通路是植物抗病毒最重要的途径, 可能在植物识别病毒的最初阶段发挥重要作用。传播植物病毒的介体昆虫叮咬以及病毒侵染造成的机械损伤均可诱导植物细胞发生钙流, 这是植物受病毒侵染后最早期的信号, 也是大多数植物病毒侵染相关的保守分子模式, 能被植物识别。植物通过钙调蛋白感知病毒侵染引起的钙流, 进而诱发RNAi相关基因的表达。具体而言, 钙调蛋白识别并结合钙离子, 然后结合钙调蛋白结合转录因子CAMTA3, 后者直接激活RNAi通路关键基因RDR6的转录, 同时激活特异切割microRNA的核酸酶BN2编码基因的转录。BN2降解miR168、miR403以及miR162等miRNAs, 促进RNAi通路中关键基因AGO1/2和DCL1 (Dicer like-1)的表达, 进而激活植物RNAi防御通路(Wang et al., 2021)。
除感知病毒侵染伴随的钙信号外, 植物能否直接感知病毒编码的蛋白一直不清楚。植物在感知病毒后如何协同调控激素信号及泛素化蛋白降解系统等抗病通路尚不明确。前期研究发现, 水稻条纹病毒(rice stripe virus, RSV)外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)作为一种效应因子, 能够触发水稻中JA的积累, 并通过JA响应的MYB转录因子(JAMYB), 上调RNAi沉默通路核心蛋白AGO18 (ARGONAUTE 18)的表达。AGO18通过充当诱饵, 将miR168和miR528从AGO1处解离, 从而释放靶基因AGO1和L-抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO), 增强水稻抗病毒能力(Wu et al., 2015, 2017b; Yang et al., 2020)。Huang等(2025)发现水稻还通过识别RSV CP蛋白启动下游防御反应。该研究阐明了水稻通过RBR (RING1-IBR-RING2)型E3连接酶RBRL感知病毒入侵的核心机制。该研究发现, RSV CP能够被RBRL感知, 且通过与RBRL直接互作解除RBRL的自抑制状态, 激活其E3连接酶活性。随后, 这一互作触发了转录抑制复合体衔接蛋白NINJA3 (NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ 3)的泛素化降解, 进而解除NINJA3对茉莉酸信号通路的抑制, 导致JA生物合成增加以及OsAGO18表达上调。这些事件的发生独立于COI1介导的JA信号响应。随着JA的积累, COI1介导的JA信号通路形成一个正反馈循环, 进一步上调OsAGO18的表达至足够高的水平, 最终激活AGO18介导的抗病毒RNAi防御机制(Wu et al., 2015, 2017b; Yang et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2025)。该研究表明病毒CP可作为“分子模式”被宿主E3连接酶识别, 为揭示植物感知病毒进而启动抗病毒免疫的分子机制提供了新的理论依据。
植物免疫系统的复杂性不仅体现在不同信号通路的协同调控上, 还反映在植物产生多种代谢产物的直接或间接靶向策略上。在抵抗病原侵染的过程中, 植物能够产生具有抗微生物活性的低分子量次生代谢物, 胁迫发生后这些次生代谢物在植物体内从头合成, 统称为植物保卫素(phytoalexins), 简称植保素。植保素是植物防御体系中一类重要的化合物, 对很多病原物都有生物活性。植保素在结构上具有多样性, 且在不同物种中有差异。仅从十字花科植物中就已分离出至少44种植保素(Ahuja et al., 2012)。尽管一些植保素的生物合成途径已被阐明, 但它们如何赋予植物抗病性仍不确切。芥子胺(camalexin)是首个在十字花科植物中发现的一类植保素(Rogers et al., 1996; Ahuja et al., 2012)。研究表明, 芥子胺对甘蓝链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicicola)和灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抗性可能与其影响真菌的细胞壁通透性、内质网应激以及凋亡存在联系(Sellam et al., 2007; Joubert et al., 2011; Shlezinger et al., 2011)。硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolates)也是主要由十字花科植物产生的一种植保素, 它在植物体内被黑芥子酶(myrosinase)转化为生物活性物质, 进而通过这些物质产生对昆虫、细菌和真菌的抗性(Halkier and Gershenzon, 2006; Piasecka et al., 2015)。此外, 细菌鞭毛蛋白flg22诱导植物免疫后, 植物会产生一类吲哚类芥子油苷4MI3G (4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate), 诱导胼胝质增厚和对真菌的抗性反应(Bednarek et al., 2009)。尽管发现很多次生代谢产物参与植物免疫, 但大多数植保素发挥作用的具体机制尚属未知。
为了抵抗植物免疫反应, 病原通常会分泌效应蛋白来抑制抗病通路, 从而实现侵染(Xin et al., 2018)。大部分革兰氏阴性病原细菌能够利用III型分泌系统(TTSS)将效应蛋白注入宿主细胞, 从而颠覆宿主的防御机制并促进病菌的致病性(Feng and Zhou, 2012; Xin et al., 2018)。丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae, P. syringae)的TTSS由hrp基因编码, 破坏TTSS通常会使细菌丧失致病性(Tang et al., 2006)。研究表明, 番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)中黄酮类化合物可以抑制P. syringae TTSS系统的表达和组装(Vargas et al., 2011, 2013), 但这些次生代谢物是否有利于植物抗病以及能否抑制病原菌的毒力进而参与植物的抗病仍不清楚。
前期研究中, Wang等(2020)发现拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的一个次级代谢物萝卜硫素(sulforaphane, SFN)特异性靶向P. syringae的一个控制TTSS基因表达的转录因子HrpS, SFN通过共价修饰HrpS第209位半胱氨酸赋予植物对P. syringae的抗性。但是随着病原与植物的协同进化, 很多P. syringae的分离株通过在SFN靶向基因的相关位点发生适应性突变逃避植物的这种免疫机制(Fan et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2020)。
近期, Miao等(2025)研究发现, 虽然拟南芥myb28/myb29双突变体中SFN合成通路受阻, 导致不能抑制P. syringae的TTSS相关基因表达(Wang et al., 2020), 但从myb28/myb29中提取的粗提物抑制T3SS效应因子AvrPto在P. syringae DC3000培养基上清中的积累, 暗示在拟南芥中可能存在抑制效应因子AvrPto分泌的化合物。Miao等(2025)通过活性引导纯化(activity-guided chemical purification)鉴定出芥酸酰胺(erucamide), 它能够抑制多种病原细菌T3SS的分泌。与传统植保素不同, 芥酸酰胺在双子叶植物(拟南芥和烟草(Nicotiana tabacum))以及单子叶植物(水稻(Oryza sativa)和小麦(Triticum aestivum))中普遍存在, 被病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)诱导, 抑制P. syringae DC3000的毒力。
此外, 该研究阐明了芥酸酰胺的合成与降解通路, 即3-酮脂酰辅酶A合酶(KCS)催化芥酸酰胺的前体芥子酸-CoA生成芥酸酰胺, 而脂肪酸酰胺羟化酶(FAAH)能够将芥酸酰胺降解为无活性的芥子酸。拟南芥kcs4/9/17三突变体因芥酸酰胺合成受阻而对病原菌敏感性增高5倍, 外源施加芥酸酰胺可恢复突变体的免疫能力。而faah突变体因无法降解芥酸酰胺引发芥酸酰胺过量积累, 从而显著增强其抗菌免疫。
通过热迁移实验, 发现芥酸酰胺特异性结合T3SS外膜环结构蛋白HrcC的疏水口袋。HrcC对注射体(injectisome)组装至关重要, 芥酸酰胺与HrcC的结合导致HrcC无法锚定外膜, 进而阻断Hrp菌毛组装。芥酸酰胺介导的抗毒力(antivirulence)机制与传统杀菌机制形成鲜明对比: 在150 μmol∙L-1芥酸酰胺处理下, P. syringae生长曲线与对照组无显著差异, 但使效应蛋白AvrPto的分泌减少83%。传统策略对细菌施加的选择性压力较大, 常导致细菌耐药性快速提高, 这种特异靶向减少效应蛋白的策略为开发低选择压力的绿色农药提供了新思路。该研究重新定义了植保素的功能, 传统观点认为植保素通过直接杀菌发挥作用(Ahuja et al., 2012; Bednarek, 2012); 而该研究表明芥酸酰胺可通过靶向细菌的毒力装置实现精准防御。这种机制在能量利用上更加高效, 为理解植物防御策略的进化提供了新视角。
近年来, 随着植物免疫应答中PTI-ETI信号协同机制研究的深入(Ngou et al., 2021; Tian et al., 2021; Yuan et al., 2021), NLR蛋白的功能多样性及其调控机制成为研究热点。植物NLR蛋白通常以单体、配对或网络的方式发挥作用。例如, 拟南芥ZAR1与假激酶RKS1形成复合物, 通过招募效应蛋白AvrAC尿苷酰化修饰的PBL2激酶, 组装成抗病小体(resistosome), 发挥钙离子通道作用(Wang et al., 2019a, 2019b; Bi et al., 2021)。类似地, 小麦Sr35直接识别效应蛋白AvrSr35形成五聚体, 激活免疫反应(Förderer et al., 2022)。这些研究揭示了NLR蛋白通过构象变化形成功能复合物的共性机制。
在禾本科植物中发现一类串联激酶蛋白(tandem kinases proteins, TKPs), 定位于禾本科植物细胞内, 对植物免疫响应是必需的。此外, 在104种单子叶植物和双子叶植物的目标基因组中鉴定到2 682个TKPs, 在小麦等禾本科植物基因组中TKPs数量尤其显著。这种串联激酶大部分含有激酶结构域(kinase domain, KD), 其中50%以上含有假激酶结构域(pseudokinase domain, PKD) (Reveguk et al., 2025)。迄今为止, 超过10种谷物的TKPs通过功能验证被认定参与植物免疫, 如小麦条锈病抗性基因 Yr15 (WTK1)编码一个串联的激酶结构域-假激酶结构域(KD-PKD)。Yr15对全球各种不同的条形柄锈菌小麦专化型(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst)株系均表现出抗性(Klymiuk et al., 2018)。研究表明, 小麦中包含2个推测激酶结构域的蛋白Sr60 (WTK2)能够显著提高植物的抗秆锈病能力(Chen et al., 2020)。小麦白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt)是危害小麦的重要病害之一。Lu等(2020)从中国小麦地方品种葫芦头中鉴定到1个具有假定的KD-PKD抗白粉病基因Pm24 (WTK3), 其在第5外显子上发生了6 bp的缺失, 从而赋予小麦地方品种葫芦头对白粉病的广谱抗性。尽管越来越多的TKPs被证实参与抗病反应, 但TKPs如何整合至免疫信号网络中仍不明确, 发挥作用是否与NLR存在相互作用也不清楚。
为探究Pm24 (WTK3)抗白粉病的分子机制, Lu等(2025)通过EMS诱变小麦品系的正向遗传筛选, 发现白粉病感病突变体中WTN1 (Wheat Tandem NBD 1)功能缺失。该基因编码蛋白是一个非典型的NLR, 有双核苷酸结合(NB-ARC)结构域(NBD I与NBD II)及C端富含亮氨酸重复序列(LRR)区域。基于AlphaFold2的结构预测显示, NBD I缺乏经典的翼状螺旋结构域(WHD), 提示其功能不同于ZAR1等单体NLR。利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术敲除WTK3转基因小麦中的WTN1, 导致小麦白粉病抗性完全丧失。双分子荧光互补(BiFC)与免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)实验证实, WTK3/Rwt4的C端激酶域(Kin II)与WTN1互作。WTK3及其等位变异Rwt4分别对小麦白粉病和麦瘟病具有抗性, 它们通过识别麦瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum)效应因子PWT4激活免疫反应。在原生质体中共表达Rwt4/WTK3与WTN1引发强烈的坏死反应, 且PWT4与Rwt4/WTK3和WTN1共表达会诱导形成与ZAR1和Sr35抗病小体类似的高分子量(>880 kDa)多聚体, 同时形成类似的钙离子渗透通道(Wang et al., 2019a; Förderer et al., 2022)。进一步研究发现, WTN1的N端α螺旋对钙离子通道活性至关重要, 而关键位点G408E和T528I的突变完全破坏通道功能。结合电生理和互作实验, 最终提出串联激酶与NLR“传感器-执行器”模型。在传感阶段, WTK3/Rwt4的PKF与Kin I结构域直接结合病原效应子PWT4, 发挥“诱饵”传感器功能; 在执行阶段, 效应子结合诱导WTK3/Rwt4构象变化, 通过Kin II与WTN1互作, 触发后者寡聚化形成钙离子通道, 启动免疫信号。此外, 系统发育基因组学分析显示, WTK3- WTN1模块可追溯至早熟禾亚科(Pooideae)的共同祖先。在某些物种中Rwt4/WTK3的缺失与WTN1同源物的缺失同时发生, 进一步证实了Rwt4/WTK3和WTN1共同进化并协同作用的假设。该研究阐明了TKPs- NLR作为功能性模块的工作机制, 突破了对NLR单体或配对模式的传统认知, 为设计广谱抗病作物提供了新靶点。
与之相对应, Chen等(2025)背靠背发表了关于小麦茎锈病抗性基因编码的串联激酶Sr62TK和NLR蛋白Sr62NLR协同发挥免疫作用的研究。通过小麦原生质体转化结合RNA-seq方法, Chen等(2025)发现AvrSr62-1、4、5、7与Sr62TK在小麦原生质体中共表达能够引起细胞死亡, 但在烟草中却未观察到免疫激活现象, 暗示在小麦中有其它组分参与Sr62介导的免疫反应。通过EMS诱变结合RNA-seq分析, 发现在基因组上与Sr62TK相距20.4 kb的一个基因, 其编码一个串联的双NBD结构域的NLR蛋白, 该蛋白为Sr62TK介导的抗性所必需, 因此将其命名为Sr62NLR。在烟草叶片中同时表达Sr62TK、Sr62NLR和AvrSr62, 引起烟草叶片的免疫反应。与Lu等(2025)发现串联激酶WTK3-NLR形成抗病小体的机制不同, 在烟草叶片中表达Sr62TK的kinase 2结构域与Sr62NLR会产生强烈的坏死表型, 然而当共表达Sr62TK的kinase 1、kinase 2和Sr62NLR时则显著抑制免疫反应, 而加入Avr62能够解除这种抑制。利用AlphaFold预测, 发现Sr62TK的kinase 1能够发生同源二聚化, kinase 1与kinase 2发生异源二聚化, kinase 2与Sr62NLR也发生异源二聚化。此外, kinase 1的N端结构域中存在2条β链, 一条参与同源二聚化的形成, 另一条通过疏水作用介导与效应蛋白的识别。蛋白结构信息显示, kinase 2可能通过相同的结合界面分别与kinase 1和Sr62NLR互作。结合细胞坏死实验和突变体证据, Chen等(2025)提出一种新的免疫激活模式。正常条件下, Sr62TK的kinase 1结构域与kinase 2结构域互作, 使Sr62TK处于自抑制状态; 当病原菌效应因子AvrSr62与kinase 2竞争性结合kinase 1时, 会暴露出自由的kinase 2, 促进kinase 2结构域与Sr62NLR互作, 激活NLR进而触发免疫反应。
以上两项研究解析了TKPs-NLR模块介导植物免疫的分子模型。尽管Lu等(2025)与Chen等(2025)的研究均聚焦于TKPs-NLR模块, 但两项研究揭示了有共性但又有所不同的激活机制。Lu等(2025)和Chen等(2025)的研究都显示出串联激酶本身就能取代ZAR1抗病小体形成过程中RKS1适配器的作用(图1), 同时完成对效应因子识别和对NLR的激活(图1)。但前者显示WTK3-WTN1复合体通过构象改变直接形成离子通道, 类似ZAR1抗病小体的激活路径; 后者提出的竞争性结合模型则体现了更复杂的动态调控特征。这种差异可能反映单子叶植物在长期进化中对不同病原压力产生的适应性策略, 阐明了一种新的免疫激活机制, 为抗性育种提供了新靶点。
近年来, 人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)的突破性发展彻底改变了生物学研究, 为解析复杂生命系统提供了前所未有的工具。在植物基因组学领域, 机器学习技术和深度神经网络已充分展示了其在生物信息学数据分析方面的巨大潜力。这些技术广泛应用于基因功能(Brenchley et al., 2012)和基因表达调控网络预测(Washburn et al., 2019)以及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析(Ofer et al., 2021)等多个方面。此外, AI驱动的植物病害诊断系统已成功应用于早期病害识别(Mohanty et al., 2016)。AlphaFold3对蛋白质结构的高精度预测为解析蛋白功能提供了新工具(Abramson et al., 2024)。如何将AI技术与植物免疫学和植物保护有机结合是未来重要的研究方向。
媒介传播的细菌病成为全球农业生产面临的重大威胁, 造成的农作物损失在各类植物病害中尤为突出。在众多细菌媒介传播病害中, 黄龙病(Huanglongbing, HLB)又称柑橘黄化病, 已成为全球柑橘(Citrus reticulata)产业最具破坏性的病害。该病害主要由亚洲韧皮部杆菌(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, CLas)引起, 病原菌特异性定殖于韧皮部组织, 并通过亚洲柑橘木虱 (Diaphorina citri)传播(Graham et al., 2024)。从寄主范围来看, 芸香科柑橘族(Citreae)包括柑橘属(Citrus)及其近缘属枳属(Poncirus)和金橘属(Fortunella)在内的所有成员均对黄龙病菌表现出高度易感性。目前, 该病害的防控仍面临严峻挑战, 既缺乏有效的治疗手段, 又未发现含抗性(R)基因的柑橘品种, 所有商业化栽培柑橘品种均易感HLB (Li et al., 2022a; Graham et al., 2024)。因此, 借助快速发展的AI技术促进黄龙病防治是重要的策略。
在最新研究中, Zhao等(2025)揭示了一种针对柑橘的黄龙病抗性新机制。通过比较基因组学发现PUB21 E3连接酶是HLB的关键感病基因, 过表达PUB21加重HLB感染表型。CLas效应蛋白SDE5通过增强PUB21与MYC2转录因子的互作, 加速后者降解, 从而抑制JA信号通路。基于此, 研究者开发了双重抗病策略: 首先在柑橘亚科对柑橘黄龙病免疫的咖喱叶(Bergera koenigii)中发现PUB21的显性负效应突变体PUB21DN能够竞争性抑制野生型PUB21的E3连接酶活性。通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术将PUB21DN引入柑橘品种, 使MYC2蛋白降解时间显著延长, JA水平明显提升, 进而显著提高转基因柑橘对CLas的抗性。此外, Zhao等(2025)利用深度学习筛选人类肠道抗菌肽库, 鉴定出一类抗蛋白降解肽(APPs)。鉴于HLB感染时, SDE5能够增强PUB21与MYC2的互作, 促进MYC2的降解, 研究人员希望候选肽段能够在SDE5存在的条件下, 通过结合并抑制PUB21活性来稳定MYC2, 而在健康植株上不会影响MYC2的积累量。其中APP3-14这一短肽能够通过β-桶状结构结合PUB21的Armadillo结构域, 阻断PUB21与MYC2的互作, 促进JA信号通路, 提高植物的抗病性。在温室条件下, 通过对树干注射APP3-14可使感染HLB的植株症状明显减轻, 细菌滴度明显降低。在小规模田间试验中, 同样发现APP3-14能够明显改善病症, 降低细菌水平, 甚至使病树完全康复。这种通过破坏感病基因来赋予植物抗性的创新性方法为抵抗不可培养病原体提供了新策略。
在气候变化与病原快速进化的双重压力下, 全球粮食安全正面临严峻挑战。植物免疫机制研究正以前所未有的速度推进。本文评述的四大突破性进展围绕植物对病毒CP蛋白的分子感知、次生代谢物靶向病原毒力装置、禾本科作物TKPs-NLR模块的协同抗病机制以及人工智能驱动抗病小肽设计, 不仅揭示了植物防御系统的复杂性, 而且为未来抗病策略的革新提供了关键切入点。基于这些发现, 未来植物抗病研究可从以下3个维度实现跨越式发展。
Huang等(2025)揭示的水稻RBRL-CP互作机制, 表明植物可通过E3连接酶直接感知病毒结构蛋白, 这为设计广谱抗病系统提供了新思路。未来研究可聚焦2个方面。(1) 解析不同植物中RBR型E3连接酶的多样性, 筛选具有多病原识别潜力的“通用传感器”; (2) 通过蛋白质工程改造E3连接酶的底物结合域, 使其能够识别多种病毒蛋白, 从而实现多物种多病原的快速识别和免疫响应。Miao等(2025)发现的芥酸酰胺抗毒力机制, 突破了传统植保素直接杀菌的范式。未来可利用合成生物学手段重构代谢通路。例如, 将拟南芥KCS4/9/17基因导入作物中, 使其助力多物种抗性改良; 还可开发环境响应型释放系统, 通过纳米载体在病原侵染部位定时定点精准靶向释放代谢物, 减少对植物正常代谢的干扰。常规农药的肆意使用对环境的危害极大, 同时也极易为病原制造生存压力进而诱发其适应性进化。探索植物自身合成的天然产物, 为新型农药的创制和靶向干预提供了一种环境友好型替代物。
Lu等(2025)和Chen等(2025)对小麦TKPs-NLR模块的解析, 揭示了单子叶植物特有的“传感器-执行器”协作机制。针对TKPs-NLR模块激活机制的多样性(构象变化与竞争性结合), 未来需通过更多的研究解析其具体的动态调控模式。由于TKPs可单独实现免疫信号的识别和传递, 这使得在拟南芥和烟草等模式植物或其它粮食作物中将TKPs-NLR模块进行工程化转移成为可能。此外, Lu等(2025)发现WTK3能够识别不同真菌效应子, 通过遗传改造TKPs, 使之获得对多种效应子特异识别的能力, 进而有可能创制出新型的广谱抗病植物。
Zhao等(2025)利用AI设计抗降解肽的成功案例, 标志着算法驱动抗病研究的开端。基于人工智能技术的飞跃式发展, 如何将AI与提高作物抗病性有机融合已成为时代的新课题。未来可构建“病原效应蛋白-植物靶标蛋白”双通道预测模型, 通过对抗病小肽结合位点的动态模拟, 设计具有广谱抗病能力的嵌合肽段; 也可开发跨物种免疫通路模拟器, 预测抗病元件(如TKPs或E3连接酶)在非宿主植物中的功能兼容性。
跨领域的技术融合将成为必然趋势, 通过全基因组选择培育优良种质材料, 利用基因编辑技术导入人工智能设计的抗病元件, 配合环境友好型农药的精准施用, 构建遗传抗性-化学诱导-生物防治三位一体的综合防控体系, 为应对新发植物疫情和保障粮食安全提供系统化方案。
刘德水: 撰写论文; 岳宁: 撰写论文, 作图, 修订及审校; 刘玉乐: 修订文章及审校图, 提供资金和技术支持。
  • 北京生命科技研究院重点项目(2024400CB0120)
  • 国家自然科学基金(32300123)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Abramson J, Adler J, Dunger J, Evans R, Green T, Pritzel A, Ronneberger O, Willmore L, Ballard AJ, Bambrick J, Bodenstein SW, Evans DA, Hung CC, O'Neill M, Reiman D, Tunyasuvunakool K, Wu Z, Žemgulytė A, Arvaniti E, Beattie C, Bertolli O, Bridgland A, Cherepanov A, Congreve M, Cowen-Rivers AI, Cowie A, Figurnov M, Fuchs FB, Gladman H, Jain R, Khan YA, Low CMR, Perlin K, Potapenko A, Savy P, Singh S, Stecula A, Thillaisundaram A, Tong C, Yakneen S, Zhong ED, Zielinski M, Žídek A, Bapst V, Kohli P, Jaderberg M, Hassabis D, Jumper JM (2024). Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3. Nature 630, 493-500.
[2]
Ahuja I, Kissen R, Bones AM (2012). Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens. Trends Plant Sci 17, 73-90.
[3]
Bednarek P (2012). Chemical warfare or modulators of defence responses—the function of secondary metabolites in plant immunity. Curr Opin Plant Biol 15, 407-414.
[4]
Bednarek P, Pislewska-Bednarek M, Svatos A, Schneider B, Doubsky J, Mansurova M, Humphry M, Consonni C, Panstruga R, Sanchez-Vallet A, Molina A, Schulze- Lefert P (2009). A glucosinolate metabolism pathway in living plant cells mediates broad-spectrum antifungal defense. Science 323, 101-106.
[5]
Bi GZ, Su M, Li N, Liang Y, Dang S, Xu JC, Hu MJ, Wang JZ, Zou MX, Deng YN, Li QY, Huang SJ, Li JJ, Chai JJ, He KM, Chen YH, Zhou JM (2021). The ZAR1 resistosome is a calcium-permeable channel triggering plant immune signaling. Cell 184, 3528-3541.
[6]
Brenchley R, Spannagl M, Pfeifer M, Barker GLA, D'Amore R, Allen AM, McKenzie N, Kramer M, Kerhornou A, Bolser D, Kay S, Waite D, Trick M, Bancroft I, Gu Y, Huo NX, Luo MC, Sehgal S, Gill B, Kianian S, Anderson O, Kersey P, Dvorak J, McCombie WR, Hall A, Mayer KFX, Edwards KJ, Bevan MW, Hall N (2012). Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole- genome shotgun sequencing. Nature 491, 705-710.
[7]
Chen RJ, Chen J, Powell OR, Outram MA, Arndell T, Gajendiran K, Wang YL, Lubega J, Xu Y, Ayliffe MA, Blundell C, Figueroa M, Sperschneider J, Vanhercke T, Kanyuka K, Tang DZ, Zhong GT, Gardener C, Yu GT, Gourdoupis S, Jaremko Ł, Matny O, Steffenson BJ, Boshoff WHP, Meyer WB, Arold ST, Dodds PN, Wulff BBH (2025). A wheat tandem kinase activates an NLR to trigger immunity. Science 387, 1402-1408.
[8]
Chen SS, Rouse MN, Zhang WJ, Zhang XQ, Guo Y, Briggs J, Dubcovsky J (2020). Wheat gene Sr60 encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains that confers resistance to stem rust. New Phytol 225, 948-959.
[9]
Fan J, Crooks C, Creissen G, Hill L, Fairhurst S, Doerner P, Lamb C (2011). Pseudomonas sax genes overcome aliphatic isothiocyanate-mediated non-host resistance in Ara- bidopsis. Science 331, 1185-1188.
[10]
Feng F, Zhou JM (2012). Plant-bacterial pathogen interactions mediated by type III effectors. Curr Opin Plant Biol 15, 469-476.
[11]
Förderer A, Li ET, Lawson AW, Deng YN, Sun Y, Logemann E, Zhang XX, Wen J, Han ZF, Chang JB, Chen YH, Schulze-Lefert P, Chai JJ (2022). A wheat resistosome defines common principles of immune receptor channels. Nature 610, 532-539.
[12]
Graham JH, Bassanezi RB, Dawson WO, Dantzler R (2024). Management of Huanglongbing of citrus: lessons from São Paulo and Florida. Ann Rev Phytopathol 62, 243-262.
[13]
Halkier BA, Gershenzon J (2006). Biology and biochemistry of glucosinolates. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57, 303-333.
[14]
Huang SJ, Jia AL, Ma SC, Sun Y, Chang XY, Han ZF, Chai JJ (2023). NLR signaling in plants: from resistosomes to second messengers. Trends Biochem Sci 48, 776-787.
[15]
Huang Y, Yang JL, Sun X, Li JH, Cao XQ, Yao SZ, Han YH, Chen CT, Du LL, Li S, Ji YH, Zhou T, Wang H, Han JJ, Wang WM, Wei CH, Xie Q, Yang ZR, Li Y (2025). Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice. Nature 641, 173-181.
[16]
Jones JDG, Dangl JL (2006). The plant immune system. Nature 444, 323-329.
[17]
Joubert A, Simoneau P, Campion C, Bataillé-Simoneau N, Iacomi-Vasilescu B, Poupard P, François JM, Georgeault S, Sellier E, Guillemette T (2011). Impact of the unfolded protein response on the pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Mol Microbiol 79, 1305-1324.
[18]
Klymiuk V, Yaniv E, Huang L, Raats D, Fatiukha A, Chen SS, Feng LH, Frenkel Z, Krugman T, Lidzbarsky G, Chang W, Jääskeläinen MJ, Schudoma C, Paulin L, Laine P, Bariana H, Sela H, Saleem K, Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Distelfeld A, Chalhoub B, Dubcovsky J, Korol AB, Schulman AH, Fahima T (2018). Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family. Nat Commun 9, 3735.
[19]
Li SN, Lin DX, Zhang YW, Deng M, Chen YX, Lv B, Li BS, Lei Y, Wang YP, Zhao L, Liang YT, Liu JX, Chen KL, Liu ZY, Xiao J, Qiu JL, Gao CX (2022a). Genome-edited powdery mildew resistance in wheat without growth penalties. Nature 602, 455-460.
[20]
Li ZL, Yang XX, Li WL, Wen ZY, Duan JN, Jiang ZH, Zhang DL, Xie XL, Wang XT, Li FF, Li DW, Zhang YL (2022b). SAMDC3 enhances resistance to Barley stripe mosaic virus by promoting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of viral γb protein. New Phytol 234, 618-633.
[21]
Lu P, Guo L, Wang ZZ, Li BB, Li J, Li YH, Qiu D, Shi WQ, Yang LJ, Wang N, Guo GH, Xie JZ, Wu QH, Chen YX, Li MM, Zhang HZ, Dong LL, Zhang PP, Zhu KY, Yu DZ, Zhang Y, Deal KR, Huo NX, Liu CM, Luo MC, Dvorak J, Gu YQ, Li HJ, Liu ZY (2020). A rare gain of function mutation in a wheat tandem kinase confers resistance to powdery mildew. Nat Commun 11, 680.
[22]
Lu P, Zhang GH, Li J, Gong Z, Wang GJ, Dong LL, Zhang HZ, Guo GH, Su M, Wang K, Wang YM, Zhu KY, Wu QH, Chen YX, Li MM, Huang BG, Li BB, Li WL, Dong L, Hou YK, Cui XJ, Fu HK, Qiu D, Yuan CG, Li HJ, Zhou JM, Han GZ, Chen YH, Liu ZY (2025). A wheat tandem kinase and NLR pair confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens. Science 387, 1418-1424.
[23]
Miao P, Wang HJ, Wang W, Wang ZD, Ke H, Cheng HY, Ni JJ, Liang JN, Yao YF, Wang JZ, Zhou JM, Lei XG (2025). A widespread plant defense compound disarms bacterial type III injectisome assembly. Science 387, eads0377.
[24]
Mohanty SP, Hughes DP, Salathé M (2016). Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection. Front Plant Sci 7, 1419.
[25]
Ngou BPM, Ahn HK, Ding PT, Jones JDG (2021). Mutual potentiation of plant immunity by cell-surface and intracellular receptors. Nature 592, 110-115.
[26]
Ofer D, Brandes N, Linial M (2021). The language of proteins: NLP, machine learning & protein sequences. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 19, 1750-1758.
[27]
Pauwels L, Barbero GF, Geerinck J, Tilleman S, Grunewald W, Pérez AC, Chico JM, Bossche RV, Sewell J, Gil E, García-Casado G, Witters E, Inzé D, Long JA, De Jaeger G, Solano R, Goossens A (2010). NINJA connects the co-repressor TOPLESS to jasmonate signaling. Nature 464, 788-791.
[28]
Piasecka A, Jedrzejczak-Rey N, Bednarek P (2015). Secondary metabolites in plant innate immunity: conserved function of divergent chemicals. New Phytol 206, 948-964.
[29]
Reveguk T, Fatiukha A, Potapenko E, Reveguk I, Sela H, Klymiuk V, Li YH, Pozniak C, Wicker T, Coaker G, Fahima T (2025). Tandem kinase proteins across the plant kingdom. Nat Genet 57, 254-262.
[30]
Rogers EE, Glazebrook J, Ausubel FM (1996). Mode of action of the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin camalexin and its role in Arabidopsis-pathogen interactions. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9, 748-757.
[31]
Sellam A, Dongo A, Guillemette T, Hudhomme P, Simoneau P (2007). Transcriptional responses to exposure to the brassicaceous defence metabolites camalexin and allyl-isothiocyanate in the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Mol Plant Pathol 8, 195-208.
[32]
Sheard LB, Tan X, Mao HB, Withers J, Ben-Nissan G, Hinds TR, Kobayashi Y, Hsu FF, Sharon M, Browse J, He SY, Rizo J, Howe GA, Zheng N (2010). Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ co- receptor. Nature 468, 400-405.
[33]
Shen QT, Hu T, Bao M, Cao LG, Zhang HW, Song FM, Xie Q, Zhou XP (2016). Tobacco RING E3 ligase NtRFP1 mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of a geminivirus-encoded βC1. Mol Plant 9, 911-925.
[34]
Shlezinger N, Minz A, Gur Y, Hatam I, Dagdas YF, Talbot NJ, Sharon A (2011). Anti-apoptotic machinery protects the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea from host-induced apoptotic-like cell death during plant infection. PLoS Pathog 7, e1002185.
[35]
Tang XY, Xiao YM, Zhou JM (2006). Regulation of the type III secretion system in phytopathogenic bacteria. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19, 1159-1166.
[36]
Tian HN, Wu ZS, Chen SY, Ao K, Huang WJ, Yaghmaiean H, Sun TJ, Xu F, Zhang YJ, Wang SC, Li X, Zhang YL (2021). Activation of TIR signaling boosts pattern-triggered immunity. Nature 598, 500-503.
[37]
Vargas P, Farias GA, Nogales J, Prada H, Carvajal V, Barón M, Rivilla R, Martín M, Olmedilla A, Gallegos MT (2013). Plant flavonoids target Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 flagella and type III secretion system. Environ Microbiol Rep 5, 841-850.
[38]
Vargas P, Felipe A, Michán C, Gallegos MT (2011). Induction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux pump by flavonoids is mediated by the repressor PmeR. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 24, 1207-1219.
[39]
Wang JZ, Hu MJ, Wang J, Qi JF, Han ZF, Wang GX, Qi YJ, Wang HW, Zhou JM, Chai JJ (2019a). Reconstitution and structure of a plant NLR resistosome conferring immunity. Science 364, eaav5870.
[40]
Wang JZ, Wang J, Hu MJ, Wu S, Qi JF, Wang GX, Han ZF, Qi YJ, Gao N, Wang HW, Zhou JM, Chai JJ (2019b). Ligand-triggered allosteric ADP release primes a plant NLR complex. Science 364, eaav5868.
[41]
Wang W, Yang J, Zhang J, Liu YX, Tian CP, Qu BY, Gao CL, Xin PY, Cheng SJ, Zhang WJ, Miao P, Li L, Zhang XJ, Chu JF, Zuo JR, Li JY, Bai Y, Lei XG, Zhou JM (2020). An Arabidopsis secondary metabolite directly targets expression of the bacterial type III secretion system to inhibit bacterial virulence. Cell Host Microbe 27, 601-613.
[42]
Wang Y, Pruitt RN, Nürnberger T, Wang YC (2022). Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 20, 449-464.
[43]
Wang YJ, Gong Q, Wu YY, Huang F, Ismayil A, Zhang DF, Li HG, Gu HQ, Ludman M, Fátyol K, Qi YJ, Yoshioka K, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Hong YG, Liu YL (2021). A calmodulin-binding transcription factor links calcium signaling to antiviral RNAi defense in plants. Cell Host Microbe 29, 1393-1406.
[44]
Washburn JD, Mejia-Guerra MK, Ramstein G, Kremling KA, Valluru R, Buckler ES, Wang H (2019). Evolutionarily informed deep learning methods for predicting relative transcript abundance from DNA sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116, 5542-5549.
[45]
Wu DW, Qi TC, Li WX, Tian HX, Gao H, Wang JJ, Ge J, Yao RF, Ren CM, Wang XB, Liu YL, Kang L, Ding SW, Xie DX (2017a). Viral effector protein manipulates host hormone signaling to attract insect vectors. Cell Res 27, 402-415.
[46]
Wu JG, Yang RX, Yang ZR, Yao SZ, Zhao SS, Wang Y, Li PC, Song XW, Jin L, Zhou T, Lan Y, Xie LH, Zhou XP, Chu CC, Qi YJ, Cao XF, Li Y (2017b). ROS accumulation and antiviral defence control by microRNA528 in rice. Nat Plants 3, 16203.
[47]
Wu JG, Yang ZR, Wang Y, Zheng LJ, Ye RQ, Ji YH, Zhao SS, Ji SY, Liu RF, Xu L, Zheng H, Zhou YJ, Zhang X, Cao XF, Xie LH, Wu ZJ, Qi YJ, Li Y (2015). Viral-inducible argonaute18 confers broad-spectrum virus resistance in rice by sequestering a host microRNA. eLife 4, e05733.
[48]
Wu JG, Zhang YL, Li FF, Zhang XM, Ye J, Wei TY, Li ZH, Tao XR, Cui F, Wang XB, Zhang LL, Yan F, Li SF, Liu YL, Li DW, Zhou XP, Li Y (2024). Plant virology in the 21st century in China: recent advances and future directions. J Integr Plant Biol 66, 579-622.
[49]
Xin XF, Kvitko B, He SY (2018). Pseudomonas syringae: what it takes to be a pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 316-328.
[50]
Yang ZR, Huang Y, Yang JL, Yao SZ, Zhao K, Wang DH, Qin QQ, Bian Z, Li Y, Lan Y, Zhou T, Wang H, Liu C, Wang WM, Qi YJ, Xu ZH, Li Y (2020). Jasmonate signaling enhances RNA silencing and antiviral defense in rice. Cell Host Microbe 28, 89-103.
[51]
Yuan MH, Jiang ZY, Bi GZ, Nomura K, Liu MH, Wang YP, Cai BY, Zhou JM, He SY, Xin XF (2021). Pattern- recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity. Nature 592, 105-109.
[52]
Zhao PZ, Yang H, Sun YW, Zhang JY, Gao KX, Wu JB, Zhu CR, Yin CC, Chen XY, Liu Q, Xia QD, Li Q, Xiao H, Sun HX, Zhang XX, Yi L, Zhou CY, Kliebenstein DJ, Fang RX, Wang XF, Ye J (2025). Targeted MYC2 stabilization confers citrus Huanglongbing resistance. Science 388, 191-198.
[53]
Zhou JM, Zhang YL (2020). Plant immunity: danger perception and signaling. Cell 181, 978-989.
[54]
Zhou WK, Lozano-Torres JL, Blilou I, Zhang XY, Zhai QZ, Smant G, Li CY, Scheres B (2019). A jasmonate signaling network activates root stem cells and promotes regeneration. Cell 177, 942-956.
2025年第60卷第5期
PDF下载
105
46
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11983/CBB25052
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
  • 录用日期:2025-06-03
基金
北京生命科技研究院重点项目(2024400CB0120)
国家自然科学基金(32300123)
作者信息
    1北京生命科技研究院有限公司, 北京 102211
    2清华大学生命科学学院, 北京 100084

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwxb/CN/10.11983/CBB25052
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏