Article(id=1319334554196882254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319334515705754160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11983/CBB24118, pmid=null, cstr=32102.14.CBB24118, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722700800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1731340800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-12, onlineDate=1792483469770, onlineDateStr=2026-10-20, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792483469770, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792483469770, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792483469770, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1319334515705754160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, year='2025', volume='60', issue='3', pageStart='315', pageEnd='482', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792483460594, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792483678409, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1319335429350994324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319334515705754160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1319335429355188629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, issueId=1319334515705754160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=393, endPage=406, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1319334554394014543, articleId=1319334554196882254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=EN, title=Analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics and Expression Characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica GolS Family Genes, columnId=1317485691135706105, journalTitle=Chinese Bulletin of Botany, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

INTRODUCTION: Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), providing the activated galactosyl group for the biosynthesis and accumulation of RFOs in plants. It plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stresses.

RATIONALE: Although the role of GolS in plant stress responses has been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular characteristics of the GolSgene family in Lagerstroemia indica. This study aims to identify the members of the LiGolS gene family, analyze their physicochemical properties, gene structure, and expression patterns, and explore their potential functions in salt stress response.

RESULTS: A total of 13 LiGolS gene family members were identified at the whole-genome level. These genes were unevenly distributed across 10 chromosomes. The isoelectric points of the 13 LiGolS proteins ranged from 4.75 to 9.45, with molecular weights varying from 37.69 to 46.12 kDa, and amino acid counts ranging from 327 to 404. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that six proteins were localized to chloroplasts, one to mitochondria, five to the cytoplasm, and one to vacuoles. Additionally, the number of exons in the 13 gene members ranged from 0 to 4. Expression analysis under salt stress showed that all LiGolS genes were upregulated to various degrees after salt treatment, suggesting their potential involvement in salt stress response in L. indica.

CONCLUSION: This study systematically identified and characterized the LiGolS gene family members in L. indica, including their physicochemical properties, gene structure, and expression patterns. These results lay the foundation for further functional analysis of LiGolS genes and provide theoretical insights into their roles in stress responses.



Expression patterns of LiGolS genes in Lagerstroemia indica under salt treatment


(A) Cloud and rain map of LiGolS gene expression in salt-sensitive L. indica cultivars under normal and salt treatment conditions; (B) Cloud and rain map of LiGolS gene expression in salt-tolerant L. indica cultivars under normal and salt treatment conditions; (C) LiGolS gene expression in different varieties of L. indica under normal and salt treatment conditions; (D) Heatmap of LiGolS gene expression patterns before and under salt treatment, this heatmap illustrated the log2-transformed expression levels of LiGolS genes before and after salt treatment (yellow modules indicate higher expression levels, while green modules indicate lower expression levels). M-CK and N-CK indicate salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars under normal conditions, respectively; M-T and N-T indicate salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant groups under salt treatment conditions, respectively.

, authors=Xu Tiantian1, 2, Yang Peijian1, 2, Zhou Xiaoxi1, 2, Cao Yi1, 2, Chen Yanhong1, 2, Liu Guoyuan1, 2, Zhang Jian1, 2, Wei Hui1, 2, *, authorsList=Xu Tiantian, Yang Peijian, Zhou Xiaoxi, Cao Yi, Chen Yanhong, Liu Guoyuan, Zhang Jian, Wei Hui, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei Hui, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1319334558206636903, articleId=1319334554196882254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, language=CN, title=紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征, columnId=1317485691316061179, journalTitle=植物学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=植物肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶(GolS)是棉子糖家族寡糖(RFOs)生物合成途径中的关键酶, 为棉子糖系列寡糖提供活化的半乳糖基, 调控植物体内棉子糖系列寡糖的生物合成与积累, 在植物响应非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。然而, 关于紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica) GolS (LiGolS)家族基因的分子结构特征未见报道。该研究在紫薇全基因组水平鉴定了13个LiGolS基因, 并对其理化性质、染色体定位、进化关系、基因结构、保守基序以及盐胁迫下的表达进行分析。结果表明, 13个LiGolS基因不均匀地分布在10条染色体上, 13个LiGolS蛋白的等电点为4.75-9.45, 分子量为37.69-46.12 kDa, 氨基酸数量为327-404 aa。亚细胞定位预测结果表明, 6个蛋白定位在叶绿体, 1个蛋白定位在线粒体, 5个蛋白定位在细胞质, 1个蛋白定位在液泡。13个基因含有的外显子数目为0-4。盐胁迫下LiGolS的表达分析表明, LiGolS家族基因均表现出不同程度的表达上调, 表明这些基因可能参与紫薇的盐胁迫响应。研究结果为解析紫薇GolS基因功能奠定了基础。, authors=徐田甜1, 2, 杨培建1, 2, 周晓茜1, 2, 曹怡1, 2, 陈艳红1, 2, 刘国元1, 2, 张健1, 2, 魏辉1, 2, *, authorsList=徐田甜, 杨培建, 周晓茜, 曹怡, 陈艳红, 刘国元, 张健, 魏辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=魏辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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FEBS Lett 576, 169-173., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1319334564561007546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, awardId=LYKJ[2023]02, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2023]02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1319334564623922107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, awardId=BE2022420, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省现代农业重大关键技术攻关项目(BE2022420), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1319334564712002492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, awardId=JC2023104, language=CN, fundingSource=南通市基础研究(JC2023104), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1319334558433129320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319334558441517929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, companyId=1319334558433129320, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319334558449906538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, companyId=1319334558433129320, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南通大学生命科学学院, 南通 226019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1319334558533792619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319334558542181228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, companyId=1319334558533792619, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Nantong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1319334558546375533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, companyId=1319334558533792619, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南通市观赏植物遗传育种重点实验室, 南通 226019)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1319334562883285925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Chromosome localization of LiGolS genes, figureFileSmall=6GwzverW/LQNHqnD8Y08nw==, figureFileBig=P0xpfn9a6siEX6gCvstiwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334562958783398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图1, caption=LiGolS基因的染色体定位, figureFileSmall=6GwzverW/LQNHqnD8Y08nw==, figureFileBig=P0xpfn9a6siEX6gCvstiwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563168498599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Collinearity analysis of LiGolS genes

The ring, from the outside to the inside, represents the location of genes on chromosomes, gene density and collinear regions (the green lines represent LiGolS genes).

, figureFileSmall=YXw5m8ffYgh6BmDJzRLVqA==, figureFileBig=eYLTvIewyaq+TS7qh+DpVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563239801768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图2, caption=LiGolS基因的共线性分析

圆环从外到内依次代表基因在染色体上的定位、基因密度和共线性区域(绿色连线为LiGolS基因)。

, figureFileSmall=YXw5m8ffYgh6BmDJzRLVqA==, figureFileBig=eYLTvIewyaq+TS7qh+DpVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563306910633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=The ratio of non-synonymous (Ka), synonymous (Ks) and Ka/Ks of LiGolS genes

The evolutionary pressure of genes can be inferred by calculating the Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks. The Ka and Ks values of LiGolS genes were calculated using the Simple Ka/Ks_Calculator program of TBtools v2.119. Each circle on the chart represents a collinearity gene pair, and the length of the rod corresponds to the Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks values at a specific site.

, figureFileSmall=ZRwam3bheAvLOxhnocNDpQ==, figureFileBig=3msc9/4282uVzHbjHmWf1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563378213802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图3, caption=LiGolS基因的非同义替换率(Ka)、同义替换率(Ks)和Ka/Ks

基因的进化压力可通过计算Ka、Ks及Ka/Ks来推断。使用TBtools v2.119的Simple Ka/Ks_Calculator程序, 计算LiGolS基因的Ka和Ks。每个圆圈代表1个共线性基因对, 杆长对应于特定位点的Ka、Ks和Ka/Ks。

, figureFileSmall=ZRwam3bheAvLOxhnocNDpQ==, figureFileBig=3msc9/4282uVzHbjHmWf1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563449516971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Collinearity analysis of GolS genes among different species

The gray lines represent collinear gene pairs, the red lines represent collinear GolS gene pairs. The chromosomes are represented by rectangles of different colors. Orange: Lagerstroemia indica; Green: Arabidopsis thaliana; Purple: Eucalyptus grandis; Yellow: Oryza sativa; Sky blue: Populus trichocarpa; Blue: Salix purpurea; Red: Vitis vinifera

, figureFileSmall=gJM2MRSD2DZpANhsgrjFwg==, figureFileBig=yvOQ59M+idmW9IXpF/9u7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563550180268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同物种GolS基因的共线性分析

灰线表示共线基因对, 红线表示共线GolS基因对。染色体用不同颜色的矩形表示。橙色: 紫薇; 绿色: 拟南芥; 紫色: 大桉; 黄色: 水稻; 天蓝色: 杨树; 湛蓝色: 红皮柳; 红色: 葡萄

, figureFileSmall=gJM2MRSD2DZpANhsgrjFwg==, figureFileBig=yvOQ59M+idmW9IXpF/9u7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563629872045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Gene structure of 13 LiGolS genes

Untranslated regions (UTRs) are represented by green rectangles, exons are represented by yellow rectangles, and introns are represented by black lines.

, figureFileSmall=Qjam645ujZG4FkjSffZ2rg==, figureFileBig=12GCXjpSgLs0t3zL4VNj/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563705369518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图5, caption=13个LiGolS基因的结构

绿色矩形表示非翻译区(UTRs), 黄色矩形表示外显子, 黑色线条表示内含子。

, figureFileSmall=Qjam645ujZG4FkjSffZ2rg==, figureFileBig=12GCXjpSgLs0t3zL4VNj/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563772478383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Analysis of cis-acting elements of LiGolS genes, figureFileSmall=5fCoRiqZ/drrAJd1HOuRPA==, figureFileBig=H3QpKmJHAf9W9uBNANCGNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563864753072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图6, caption=LiGolS基因的顺式作用元件分析, figureFileSmall=5fCoRiqZ/drrAJd1HOuRPA==, figureFileBig=H3QpKmJHAf9W9uBNANCGNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334563952833458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Protein-protein interaction of LiGolS, figureFileSmall=qTo0BjhF8PgvoUe1TQEGBw==, figureFileBig=LvG3Lf/26CQo9Qfm9sJGKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334564036719539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图7, caption=LiGolS蛋白-蛋白互作, figureFileSmall=qTo0BjhF8PgvoUe1TQEGBw==, figureFileBig=LvG3Lf/26CQo9Qfm9sJGKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334564116411316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=GO analysis of LiGolS genes, figureFileSmall=HfvMafQSA8XsQNQMD0/APA==, figureFileBig=o9O5bZi+sO42rARmAhQOig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334564183520181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图8, caption=LiGolS基因的GO分析, figureFileSmall=HfvMafQSA8XsQNQMD0/APA==, figureFileBig=o9O5bZi+sO42rARmAhQOig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334564246434742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Analysis of LiGolS gene expression patterns under salt stress

(A) Expression levels of LiGolS genes in the leaves; (B) Expression levels of LiGolS genes in the roots. ns means no statistical significance. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001; **** P<0.0001

, figureFileSmall=UVI6jzmR78pXf+xllp4a2g==, figureFileBig=mjefN4ddm3ToZf8YV99eJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334564313543607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=图9, caption=盐胁迫下LiGolS基因的表达模式分析

(A) 叶片中LiGolS基因的表达水平; (B) 根中LiGolS基因的表达水平。ns表示无统计学意义。* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001; **** P<0.0001

, figureFileSmall=UVI6jzmR78pXf+xllp4a2g==, figureFileBig=mjefN4ddm3ToZf8YV99eJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1319334564380652472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Molecular characterization of the LiGolS genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene name Gene ID Length
(bp)
Number of
amino acids
(aa)
Molecular weight (kDa) Theoretical pI Aliphatic index Instability index GRAVY Subcelluar location
LiGolS1 evm.model.Chr1.208 1215 404 46.00 9.45 92.20 57.70 -0.086 C
LiGolS2 evm.model.Chr3.1524 1146 381 42.91 8.71 82.10 49.57 -0.263 CP
LiGolS3 evm.model.Chr4.803 990 329 37.72 4.75 78.81 50.39 -0.329 C
LiGolS4 evm.model.Chr4.806 990 329 37.85 4.78 78.51 48.28 -0.338 C
LiGolS5 evm.model.Chr5.968 984 327 37.69 4.76 80.76 53.39 -0.318 C
LiGolS6 evm.model.Chr8.101 1050 349 39.71 8.16 90.32 47.76 -0.148 CP
LiGolS7 evm.model.Chr8.200 1164 387 43.06 7.63 87.93 44.71 -0.095 CP
LiGolS8 evm.model.Chr10.348 1125 374 42.24 9.11 93.56 49.52 -0.062 M
LiGolS9 evm.model.Chr18.633 1215 404 46.12 9.22 94.36 51.32 -0.071 CP
LiGolS10 evm.model.Chr22.379 1143 380 42.83 8.32 90.79 49.38 -0.138 V
LiGolS11 evm.model.Chr23.402 1167 388 43.97 9.36 88.97 57.29 -0.151 C
LiGolS12 evm.model.Chr23.618 1149 382 43.30 8.85 94.40 48.35 -0.109 CP
LiGolS13 evm.model.Chr24.816 1038 345 38.60 7.69 92.75 43.61 -0.027 CP
), ArticleFig(id=1319334564456149945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781310003478668, articleId=1319334554196882254, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

LiGolS基因的分子特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene name Gene ID Length
(bp)
Number of
amino acids
(aa)
Molecular weight (kDa) Theoretical pI Aliphatic index Instability index GRAVY Subcelluar location
LiGolS1 evm.model.Chr1.208 1215 404 46.00 9.45 92.20 57.70 -0.086 C
LiGolS2 evm.model.Chr3.1524 1146 381 42.91 8.71 82.10 49.57 -0.263 CP
LiGolS3 evm.model.Chr4.803 990 329 37.72 4.75 78.81 50.39 -0.329 C
LiGolS4 evm.model.Chr4.806 990 329 37.85 4.78 78.51 48.28 -0.338 C
LiGolS5 evm.model.Chr5.968 984 327 37.69 4.76 80.76 53.39 -0.318 C
LiGolS6 evm.model.Chr8.101 1050 349 39.71 8.16 90.32 47.76 -0.148 CP
LiGolS7 evm.model.Chr8.200 1164 387 43.06 7.63 87.93 44.71 -0.095 CP
LiGolS8 evm.model.Chr10.348 1125 374 42.24 9.11 93.56 49.52 -0.062 M
LiGolS9 evm.model.Chr18.633 1215 404 46.12 9.22 94.36 51.32 -0.071 CP
LiGolS10 evm.model.Chr22.379 1143 380 42.83 8.32 90.79 49.38 -0.138 V
LiGolS11 evm.model.Chr23.402 1167 388 43.97 9.36 88.97 57.29 -0.151 C
LiGolS12 evm.model.Chr23.618 1149 382 43.30 8.85 94.40 48.35 -0.109 CP
LiGolS13 evm.model.Chr24.816 1038 345 38.60 7.69 92.75 43.61 -0.027 CP
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紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征
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徐田甜 1, 2 , 杨培建 1, 2 , 周晓茜 1, 2 , 曹怡 1, 2 , 陈艳红 1, 2 , 刘国元 1, 2 , 张健 1, 2 , 魏辉 1, 2, *
植物学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(3): 393-406
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植物学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (3) : 393 -406
紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征
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徐田甜1, 2, 杨培建1, 2, 周晓茜1, 2, 曹怡1, 2, 陈艳红1, 2, 刘国元1, 2, 张健1, 2, 魏辉1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1南通大学生命科学学院, 南通 226019
  • 2南通市观赏植物遗传育种重点实验室, 南通 226019
通讯作者:
Analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics and Expression Characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica GolS Family Genes
Xu Tiantian1, 2, Yang Peijian1, 2, Zhou Xiaoxi1, 2, Cao Yi1, 2, Chen Yanhong1, 2, Liu Guoyuan1, 2, Zhang Jian1, 2, Wei Hui1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
  • 2Nantong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
  • Corresponding Author:
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.11983/CBB24118
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植物肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶(GolS)是棉子糖家族寡糖(RFOs)生物合成途径中的关键酶, 为棉子糖系列寡糖提供活化的半乳糖基, 调控植物体内棉子糖系列寡糖的生物合成与积累, 在植物响应非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。然而, 关于紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica) GolS (LiGolS)家族基因的分子结构特征未见报道。该研究在紫薇全基因组水平鉴定了13个LiGolS基因, 并对其理化性质、染色体定位、进化关系、基因结构、保守基序以及盐胁迫下的表达进行分析。结果表明, 13个LiGolS基因不均匀地分布在10条染色体上, 13个LiGolS蛋白的等电点为4.75-9.45, 分子量为37.69-46.12 kDa, 氨基酸数量为327-404 aa。亚细胞定位预测结果表明, 6个蛋白定位在叶绿体, 1个蛋白定位在线粒体, 5个蛋白定位在细胞质, 1个蛋白定位在液泡。13个基因含有的外显子数目为0-4。盐胁迫下LiGolS的表达分析表明, LiGolS家族基因均表现出不同程度的表达上调, 表明这些基因可能参与紫薇的盐胁迫响应。研究结果为解析紫薇GolS基因功能奠定了基础。
紫薇  /  LiGolS  /  盐胁迫

INTRODUCTION: Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), providing the activated galactosyl group for the biosynthesis and accumulation of RFOs in plants. It plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stresses.

RATIONALE: Although the role of GolS in plant stress responses has been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular characteristics of the GolSgene family in Lagerstroemia indica. This study aims to identify the members of the LiGolS gene family, analyze their physicochemical properties, gene structure, and expression patterns, and explore their potential functions in salt stress response.

RESULTS: A total of 13 LiGolS gene family members were identified at the whole-genome level. These genes were unevenly distributed across 10 chromosomes. The isoelectric points of the 13 LiGolS proteins ranged from 4.75 to 9.45, with molecular weights varying from 37.69 to 46.12 kDa, and amino acid counts ranging from 327 to 404. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that six proteins were localized to chloroplasts, one to mitochondria, five to the cytoplasm, and one to vacuoles. Additionally, the number of exons in the 13 gene members ranged from 0 to 4. Expression analysis under salt stress showed that all LiGolS genes were upregulated to various degrees after salt treatment, suggesting their potential involvement in salt stress response in L. indica.

CONCLUSION: This study systematically identified and characterized the LiGolS gene family members in L. indica, including their physicochemical properties, gene structure, and expression patterns. These results lay the foundation for further functional analysis of LiGolS genes and provide theoretical insights into their roles in stress responses.



Expression patterns of LiGolS genes in Lagerstroemia indica under salt treatment


(A) Cloud and rain map of LiGolS gene expression in salt-sensitive L. indica cultivars under normal and salt treatment conditions; (B) Cloud and rain map of LiGolS gene expression in salt-tolerant L. indica cultivars under normal and salt treatment conditions; (C) LiGolS gene expression in different varieties of L. indica under normal and salt treatment conditions; (D) Heatmap of LiGolS gene expression patterns before and under salt treatment, this heatmap illustrated the log2-transformed expression levels of LiGolS genes before and after salt treatment (yellow modules indicate higher expression levels, while green modules indicate lower expression levels). M-CK and N-CK indicate salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars under normal conditions, respectively; M-T and N-T indicate salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant groups under salt treatment conditions, respectively.

Lagerstroemia indica  /  LiGolS  /  salt stress
徐田甜, 杨培建, 周晓茜, 曹怡, 陈艳红, 刘国元, 张健, 魏辉. 紫薇GolS家族基因的理化特性与表达特征. 植物学报, 2025 , 60 (3) : 393 -406 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24118
Xu Tiantian, Yang Peijian, Zhou Xiaoxi, Cao Yi, Chen Yanhong, Liu Guoyuan, Zhang Jian, Wei Hui. Analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics and Expression Characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica GolS Family Genes[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025 , 60 (3) : 393 -406 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB24118
持续的非生物胁迫, 如干旱、盐碱和极端温度, 对植物的生理生化特性产生负面影响, 并限制了作物产量。为抵御由不同类型非生物胁迫引起的细胞内水分流失, 植物进化出一种用于压力传感、信号转导、驯化和防御的分子武器库(Kollist et al., 2019)。因此, 复杂的分子网络被激活, 使植物能够应对环境压力(Guerra et al., 2015), 包括改变代谢以产生一系列的低分子量化合物, 如可溶性糖、胺和氨基酸(ElSayed et al., 2014)。这些化合物在胞质溶胶或液泡中积累, 参与渗透调节, 稳定细胞成分, 提供膜保护, 并清除过量的活性氧(Sami et al., 2016)。
植物肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶(galactinol synthase, GolS)是棉子糖家族寡糖(raffinose family oligosaccharides, RFOs)生物合成途径的关键酶, 为棉子糖系列寡糖提供活化的半乳糖基, 调控植物体内棉子糖系列寡糖的生物合成与积累, 该途径在植物碳同化物的贮存与运输中发挥重要作用(Saravitz et al., 1987; Gu et al., 2016)。研究发现, GolS在植物应答非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要作用(Vinson et al., 2020)。MdGolS2在苹果(Malus domestica)休眠期负责RFO碳水化合物的积累, 有助于保护休眠芽免受干旱胁迫(da Silveira Falavigna et al., 2018)。迄今为止, 仅在高等植物中发现了GolS催化的半乳糖醇和RFOs的生物合成途径(Sengupta et al., 2012)。半乳糖醇和RFOs在细胞内可溶性强, 可作为脱水保护剂稳定膜结构, 并在生物和非生物胁迫响应中作为羟基自由基捕获分子参与活性氧清除, 从而提高植物的抗逆性(Obata and Fernie, 2012; Gawłowska et al., 2017; Huang et al., 2021)。当植物暴露在寒冷条件下, 菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)种子中的GolS活性增强(Zuther et al., 2004); 低温胁迫诱导拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和匍匐筋骨草(Ajuga reptans)中GolS基因的表达(Sprenger and Keller, 2000; Taji et al., 2002)。研究表明, 过表达GolS基因能够提高肌醇半乳糖苷和棉子糖的含量, 进而提高植物的抗逆性。拟南芥GolS1基因T-DNA插入突变体热应激处理后2小时半乳糖醇和棉子糖的含量降低(Panikulangara et al., 2004)。低温胁迫下, 在拟南芥RS5敲除突变体中未观察到棉子糖的积累(Zuther et al., 2004)。
紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)是我国的传统名花, 也是常见的观赏植物, 其花色艳丽、花期持久且姿态优美, 在园林中得到广泛应用。但紫薇面临影响其生长发育的各种生物和非生物胁迫(如干旱和盐碱地)。已发现GolS基因在多种植物中能够响应干旱、盐和低温等非生物胁迫, 其上调表达可增强植物的抗逆性。此外, GolS还参与植物的生长发育。解析LiGolS基因在紫薇生长发育过程中的作用, 进而提高紫薇的抗逆性, 使其在恶劣的环境中生长, 将为优化紫薇的栽培管理提供理论依据。本研究在全基因组水平鉴定了紫薇LiGolS基因家族成员, 并利用生物信息学手段对其进化关系、基因结构、保守基序和染色体定位进行分析, 同时对该家族基因进行盐胁迫处理下的表达分析和基因功能初步鉴定, 旨在为解析紫薇GolS家族基因功能提供科学依据。
为了鉴定紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica L.)中LiGolS基因家族成员, 从网站(https://www.arabidopsis.org/)下载拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.)基因组, 并与紫薇基因组数据进行比较(Yu et al., 2024)。从Pfam数据库(http://pfam.xfam.org/)获取HMM模型文件(Bateman et al., 2004), 设置参数e值≤e−5, 在紫薇基因组数据库中检索蛋白序列。以拟南芥AtGolS蛋白序列为检索序列, 利用双向BLASTP方法, 在紫薇蛋白序列数据库中对LiGolS家族成员进行鉴定, 参数设置为序列一致性阈值≥40%, e值≤e−10 (Guo et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2024)。按上述方法利用SMART数据库(https://smart.embl.de/)对候选基因进行验证(Letunic et al., 2012)。利用在线工具ExPASy (https://web.expasy.org/protparam/)分析(Artimo et al., 2012) LiGolS蛋白序列的理化性质, 包括氨基酸数目、分子量及等电点。利用Plant-mPLoc2.0 (http:// www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/plant-multi/)在线工具预测LiGolS蛋白的亚细胞定位(Chou and Shen, 2010)。
利用MEME软件(https://memesuite.org/meme/tools/ meme)对LiGolS的氨基酸保守基序进行识别, motif数量参数设置为10 (Bailey et al., 2006)。利用TBtools v2.119进行可视化处理(Chen et al., 2020)。此外, 通过比较编码序列(CDS)与其基因组对应序列的内含子-外显子排列, 利用TBtools v2.119对CDS的内含子-外显子排列进行可视化。使用PlantCARE (https:// bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/) (Lescot et al., 2002)在线工具预测LiGolS家族基因2.0 kb启动子区域内潜在的激素响应或应激相关的顺式作用元件。
利用紫薇基因组染色体数据, 确定LiGolS基因的染色体定位。从Phytozome平台获得拟南芥、水稻(Oryza sativa)、大桉(Eucalyptus grandis)、葡萄(Vitis vinifera)、杨树(Populus trichocarpa)和红皮柳(Salix purpurea)的基因组序列和注释信息, 对不同植物物种的GolS基因进行比对分析。使用TBtools和一步MCSCanX对紫薇基因组序列进行比对, 参数设置e值为e−10, blastit数设为5。由此得到BlastP结果以及gff3注释文件并被用作MCScanX的输入。用该方法生成共线性和串联文件, 从而识别LiGolS之间的片段重复和串联重复事件。利用TBtools v2.119对LiGolS基因及其在其它物种中的共线性基因对进行可视化。此外, 利用TBtools v2.119中的Simple Ka/Ks_Calculator计算(Zhang et al., 2006)同源基因对的非同义替换率(Ka)、同义替换率(Ks)及Ka/Ks。
利用数据库(https://cn.string-db.org/)构建和分析互作网络。该数据库集成了已知和预测的蛋白质-蛋白质互作。使用GO-basic对基因进行注释, 然后根据生物过程(BP)、细胞成分(CC)和分子功能(MF)进行定位和注释, 并对LiGolS基因进行GO分析。
实验材料来自南通大学种质资源库。选取紫薇品种18-6, 取长约8-10 cm、厚约4-5 mm茎插条, 在无菌泥炭和珍珠岩(2:1, v/v)混合物中培养。然后将其放入温室中, 在温度为23°C、相对湿度为74%、光周期为16小时光照/8小时黑暗的条件下培养3周。将紫薇从基质中取出, 用自来水冲洗表面泥土, 再用滤纸吸干根部表面水分, 放入200 mmol∙L-1 NaCl溶液中进行盐胁迫处理。分别在处理后0、4和8小时取植株叶片和根部, 将样品编号。每个取样时间点设3个生物学重复。所有样品均用液氮快速冷冻, 于-80°C冰箱保存备用。
使用植物总RNA提取试剂盒RNAprep Pure Kit (Tiangen, China)提取紫薇叶片和根部样品总RNA, 电泳检测RNA质量。使用反转录试剂盒PrimeScript ™ RT reagent Kit (Takara, Japan)合成cDNA。利用qRT- PCR检测盐胁迫下不同处理时期LiGolS的表达水平。qRT-PCR反应体系总体积为20 µL, 包括10 µL 2× UItra SYBR, 1 µL模板cDNA, 10 mmol∙L-1正、反向引物各0.4 µL, 8.2 μL ddH2O。qRT-PCR采用ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR系统, 以LiActin为内参基因。PCR反应程序: 预变性94°C5分钟; 变性94°C14秒, 退火55°C15秒, 延伸72°C30秒, 40个循环。采用2-ΔΔCT法(Livak and Schmittgen, 2001)分析基因相对表达量。
采用Excel软件对数据进行Student's t检验。使用Origin 2018软件进行可视化。
利用拟南芥AtGolS蛋白序列在紫薇基因组数据库中筛选出13个LiGolS基因, 根据染色体定位将其重新命名为LiGolS1-LiGolS13。LiGolS基因的分子特性见附表1。通过分析这些基因(蛋白)的理化特征和分子信息(表1), 我们发现13个LiGolS基因编码的蛋白长度为327-404 aa, 其中, LiGolS5蛋白序列最短(327 aa), LiGolS1和LiGolS9蛋白序列最长(404 aa); 分子量介于37.69 (LiGolS5)-46.12 kDa (LiGolS9)之间。13个蛋白的理论等电点变化范围为4.75 (LiGolS3)- 9.45 (LiGolS1), 除LiGolS3、LiGolS4和LiGolS5外, 其余蛋白均呈碱性。13个LiGolS蛋白亚细胞定位预测结果显示, LiGolS2、LiGolS6、LiGolS7、LiGolS9、LiGolS12和LiGolS13定位于叶绿体, LiGolS1、LiGolS3-5及LiGolS11定位于细胞质, LiGolS8定位于线粒体, LiGolS10定位于液泡。
根据13个LiGolS基因的染色体定位信息(附表2), 利用TBtools v2.119软件绘制染色体定位图(图1)。染色体定位结果表明, 13个LiGolS基因分布在10条染色体上, 第4、8和23号染色体各有2个LiGolS基因, 第1、3、5、10、18、22和24号染色体各有1个LiGolS基因。基因重复是基因家族多样化的重要来源, 丰富了基因的结构和功能库。基因重复在基因家族的进化中起关键作用。对基因组进行分析可获得共线性的证据, 本研究从紫薇的同源基因序列中鉴定出9对片段重复的基因(图2)。结果表明, LiGolS基因主要归因于基因重复事件, 片段重复是基因家族进化扩张的主要催化剂。Ka/Ks是基因重复后正选择的可靠指标, 9个基因对的Ka/Ks均小于1, 表明紫薇LiGolS基因受到纯化选择(图3)。
为明确不同物种GolS基因家族之间的进化关系, 我们分析了GoIS基因在紫薇与其它物种中的共线性关系。选取的物种包括单子叶植物水稻和双子叶植物拟南芥、大桉、杨树、红皮柳和葡萄。结果表明, 紫薇与拟南芥、大桉、水稻、杨树、红皮柳和葡萄分别有17、6、3、21、20和11个共线性GolS基因对(图4)。遗传分析表明, 紫薇与杨树和红皮柳亲缘关系较近, 而与水稻亲缘关系较远。此外, LiGolS6、LiGolS10和LiGolS12基因在6个物种中的共线性, 表明这些同源基因对出现早于单子叶植物与双子叶植物的分化。LiGolS基因也与多个其它物种GolS基因共线性。例如, LiGolS2与大桉和红皮柳的相关GolS基因形成2个同源基因对, 这显示了其在GolS基因进化中的关键作用。
对紫薇LiGolS基因进行基因结构分析(图5)。结果表明, 5个基因(LiGolS2、 LiGolS10、LiGolS11、LiGolS12和LiGolS13)无内含子、有1个外显子; 2个基因(LiGolS6和LiGolS7)有1个内含子、1个外显子; 2个基因(LiGolS8和LiGolS9)有1个内含子、2个外显子; 2个基因(LiGolS3和LiGolS4)有3个内含子、4个外显子;LiGolS1基因有2个内含子、1个外显子; LiGolS5基因有4个内含子、4个外显子。综上表明LiGolS基因在结构上高度保守。一般认为, 外显子和内含子长度及数量一致的基因可能具有相似的功能。LiGolS基因的外显子数目为0-4个, 亲缘关系相近的LiGolS基因其基因结构也十分相似。
为明确LiGolS基因的生物学功能和胁迫响应特性, 利用PlantCARE对其家族成员启动子序列中包含的顺式作用元件进行分析(图6)。结果表明, 在13个LiGolS基因启动子中共鉴定出20个胁迫响应元件, 包括激素响应元件(如脱落酸、赤霉素、乙烯、生长素和水杨酸)、非生物胁迫响应元件(如干旱、低温和厌氧)和生长发育相关响应元件(如玉米蛋白代谢、分生组织和光响应)。LiGolS家族基因除LiGolS2外全部含有胁迫响应元件; 而所有成员均含有激素响应元件和生长发育响应元件。值得一提的是, LiGolS3、LiGolS4、LiGolS8、LiGolS12和LiGolS13含有所有胁迫响应元件。推测LiGolS基因可能通过不同的激素调控途径参与紫薇的生长发育, 并与多种非生物胁迫响应有关。
基于STRING数据库中检索到的AtGolS互作网络, 发现AT1G56600和AT1G60470与LiGolS3相似, AT1G60450、AT4G26250和AT5G23790与LiGolS5相似, AT2G47180和AT1G09350与LiGolS4相似。通过同源比较构建了LiGolS的蛋白-蛋白互作网络(图7)。例如, LiGolS2与紫薇中的10个蛋白互作, 如evm.model.Chr5.884和evm.model.Chr15.48, 前者是一种假定具有半乳糖糖基转移酶活性的蛋白, 后者是病原体相关分子模式诱导基因编码蛋白, 响应茉莉酸和机械伤害。LiGolS3与evm.model.Chr3.1501和evm.model.Chr21.306互作, 前者是一种半乳糖醇合成酶, 可催化半乳糖和肌醇生成半乳糖醇, 其转录物水平升高, 响应甲基紫素(一种氧化损伤诱导剂); 后者是一种钙结合蛋白, 在生物和非生物应激过程中, 作为过氧化物酶的角化红异构体参与2-羟基十八碳三烯酸的产生。LiGolS4与evm.model.Chr11.568互作, 是胞质抗坏血酸过氧化物酶APX2。这些互作网络表明LiGolS在非生物胁迫响应中具有重要作用。
通过GO分析可阐明LiGolS的潜在功能。结果显示, 13个LiGolS基因与转移酶活性和催化酶活性相关, 特别是发现了其作为糖基转移酶的高度潜力。研究结果表明, LiGolS在生物体细胞信号转导、代谢调节和蛋白质修饰等多种生物学过程中起关键作用(图8)。
为鉴定LiGolS基因的功能, 我们进一步分析了LiGolS基因在盐胁迫下的表达水平。对乡土品种18-6进行0、4和8小时盐胁迫处理, 结果表明, 在盐胁迫处理8小时后紫薇叶片中LiGolS2、LiGolS7、LiGolS8以及LiGolS10的表达显著上调, 而在根中除LiGolS10表达下调外, 其余3个基因的表达量均无明显变化。在根中, 盐胁迫处理4小时后LiGolS3、LiGolS5和LiGolS8的表达均显著上调, 但在盐胁迫处理8小时又出现明显下调。在叶片中, LiGolS3、LiGolS5和LiGolS8的表达随着盐胁迫时间的增加持续升高(图9)。此外还发现, 盐胁迫下在叶片中表达明显上调的LiGolS2、LiGolS7、 LiGolS8和LiGolS10在根中呈现下调表达趋势。综上表明, 这些LiGolS基因在盐胁迫响应中具有复杂而重要的作用。
GolS基因家族作为参与RFO生物合成的关键酶, 在多种植物中表现出对于抵抗非生物胁迫不可或缺。GolS基因通过调控RFOs的积累显著增强植物的耐旱和耐寒性。在转基因水稻中, AtGolS2过表达显著增强了植株的抗旱能力, 并保障了干旱条件下的作物产量(Selvaraj et al., 2017)。GolS基因在烟草(Nicotiana tabacum) (Zhuo et al., 2013)以及茶树(Camellia sinensis) (Zhou et al., 2017)中的研究也进一步证实其在提高植物抗冷冻、抗虫害及调节植物激素方面的作用潜力。特别是在环境适应性强的沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus)中, 盐和干旱胁迫使AnGolS1的表达显著上调, 凸显了GolS基因在植物逆境生存策略中的核心地位(Liu et al., 2016)。因此, LiGolS基因在盐胁迫下的表达变化可能与紫薇通过积累半乳糖醇来增强细胞渗透压调节进而维持水分平衡有关。特别是在叶片中上调表达的基因, 可能通过提高叶片细胞的渗透压增强紫薇对盐胁迫的耐受性。
通过对比分析不同植物中的GolS基因, 我们在拟南芥(Selvaraj et al., 2017)、木薯(Manihot esculenta) (Huang et al., 2021)、芝麻(Sesamum indicum) (You et al., 2018)、苹果(Falavigna et al., 2018)、油菜(Brassica napus) (Verma et al., 2008)和烟草(Montillet et al., 2005)基因组中分别发现了7、8、7、8、20和9个GolS基因。本研究利用生物信息学手段鉴定出13个紫薇GolS家族成员, 分布于10条染色体上。尽管这些基因在数量上有所不同, 但它们在基因结构和蛋白质理化性质上却表现出高度的保守性。这不仅体现在氨基酸序列长度、分子量及等电点的相似性上, 还体现在基因内含子数量的变化上。在本研究中, 紫薇GolS蛋白的等电点为4.75-9.45, 分子量为37.69-46.12 kDa, 氨基酸数量为327-404 aa, 基因的内含子数目在0-4个之间; 而番茄4个GolS蛋白的氨基酸数量在318-347 aa之间, 等电点在5.35-6.40之间, 基因的内含子数目在3-4个之间(Filiz et al., 2015); 苹果8个GolS蛋白的氨基酸数量在298-359 aa之间, 基因的内含子数目在2−4个之间(da Silveira Falavigna et al., 2018)。据此推测, GolS基因及其编码蛋白质在植物中具有较高的保守性。前人对大豆(刘丹等, 2022)、油菜(Fan et al., 2017)以及烟草(Montillet et al., 2005)的GolS蛋白进行了亚细胞定位预测, 发现GolS蛋白在细胞质、叶绿体、线粒体以及质膜上均有分布。本研究中, 亚细胞定位结果显示, LiGolS蛋白在细胞质、叶绿体、线粒体和液泡中均有分布, 预示着它们可能参与紫薇生长发育的多个方面, 并与多种非生物胁迫响应相关。顺式作用元件分析进一步支持LiGolS基因可能通过激素途径参与调控紫薇抗逆性的假设。紫薇LiGolS家族成员启动子区包含多种响应元件, 包括激素响应元件(如脱落酸以及赤霉素)、非生物胁迫响应元件(如干旱、低温和厌氧)以及生长发育相关元件, 这表明LiGolS基因在紫薇应对环境变化和调节生长发育过程中扮演重要角色。特别是LiGolS3、LiGolS4、LiGolS8、LiGolS12以及LiGolS13包含所有胁迫相关响应元件, 表明这些基因可能在抵抗多种逆境胁迫中发挥关键作用。
在盐胁迫下, 紫薇叶片中LiGolS2、LiGolS7、LiGolS8和LiGolS10的表达显著上调, 表明这些基因在响应盐胁迫时可能具有特定的功能。而根中除LiGolS10外, 其它基因表达无显著变化或下调, 这可能反映了紫薇在盐胁迫下不同组织存在不同的应对策略。叶片作为直接与外部环境接触的器官, 其基因表达的变化可能更为迅速和显著, 以应对盐胁迫造成的伤害。盐胁迫处理4小时LiGolS3、LiGolS5以及LiGolS8在根中即显著上调, 但在盐处理8小时这些基因的表达下调, 表明这些基因在根中的响应快速且短暂, 可能与初期的应激反应相关。而在叶片中, 这3个基因的表达则随着盐胁迫时间的增加而持续升高, 显示它们在叶片应对盐胁迫中的重要作用。此外, 在叶片中表达上调的基因在根中却表现为下调, 这进一步揭示了紫薇在盐胁迫下不同组织的基因表达差异和协调机制。
综上, 本研究在紫薇基因组中共鉴定出13个LiGolS基因, 分布在10条染色体上, 它们具有相对保守的基因结构和保守基序, 并检测出多个与激素和非生物胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。LiGolS基因在盐处理后显著上调表达, 但表达模式各有不同, 推测LiGolS基因在响应盐胁迫的过程中发挥复杂而重要的作用。研究结果为进一步解析紫薇LiGolS基因功能奠定了基础。
徐田甜: 完成实验、分析数据及撰写论文; 杨培建, 周晓茜, 曹怡: 协助完成实验; 刘国元: 论文修改润色; 魏辉, 陈艳红, 张健: 构思实验, 审阅并修改论文。
附表1 LiGolS基因的分子特性
Appendix table 1 Molecular properties of LiGolS genes
附表2 13个LiGolS基因的染色体定位信息
Appendix table 2 Chromosome localization information of 13 LiGolS genes
  • 江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2023]02)
  • 江苏省现代农业重大关键技术攻关项目(BE2022420)
  • 南通市基础研究(JC2023104)
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doi: 10.11983/CBB24118
  • 接收时间:2024-08-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-20
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-04
  • 录用日期:2024-11-12
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江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2023]02)
江苏省现代农业重大关键技术攻关项目(BE2022420)
南通市基础研究(JC2023104)
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    1南通大学生命科学学院, 南通 226019
    2南通市观赏植物遗传育种重点实验室, 南通 226019

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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