Article(id=1266470822425284917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025129, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757606400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879773955, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879773955, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879773955, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879773955, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879723857, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=438, endPage=448, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470822689526071, articleId=1266470822425284917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=The species and community characteristics of weeds in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the species composition and community characteristics of weeds in soybean fields across Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a comprehensive and systematic investigation was conducted on weed species and community structure at 32 sampling sites in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia, and the community diversity and similarity were also analyzed. The results showed that a total of 63 weed species belonging to 57 genera in 21 families were found in the major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia. The 21 families include Asteraceae family (nine genera and 14 species), Poaceae (11 genera and 11 species), Fabaceae (six genera and six species), and Polygonaceae (five genera and five species), Rosaceae (three genera and four species), Amaranthaceae (three genera and three species), Convolvulaceae (three genera and three species), Malvaceae (three genera and three species), Lamiaceae (two genera and two species), and the remaining 12 families including Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae, and Equisetaceae (each represented by one genus and one species). Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli showed relatively high abundance, making them the dominant weeds in the major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia. The Oroqen Autonomous Banner of Hulunbuir City exhibited the highest weed species richness, Simpson dominance, and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, with values of 44, 0.918, and 3.030, respectively. The Songshan District of Chifeng City exhibited the highest Pielou evenness index of weed communities, at 0.846. The weed communities in the seven major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia could be classified into six groups. Among them, the weed community structures in Songshan District of Chifeng City and Horqin District of Tongliao City were clustered into one group with the highest similarity, while the weed community structures of remaining five major soybean producing regions each formed an independent group.

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为明确内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)大豆田杂草的种类和群落特征,对内蒙古大豆主产区32个样点的杂草种类、群落结构进行全面系统调查,并对其群落多样性和相似性进行分析。结果显示:内蒙古大豆主产区杂草共有21科57属63种,其中菊科杂草有9属14种,禾本科杂草有11属11种,豆科杂草有6属6种,蓼科杂草有5属5种,蔷薇科杂草有3属4种,苋科、旋花科和锦葵科杂草各有3属3种,唇形科杂草有2属2种,车前科、茄科和木贼科等12科杂草各有1属1种。反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus、稗Echinochloa crus-galli和藜Chenopodium album的相对多度较高,为内蒙古大豆主产区的优势杂草。呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗大豆主产区杂草物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均最高,分别为44、0.918和3.030,赤峰市松山区大豆主产区杂草群落的Pielou均匀度指数最高,为0.846。内蒙古7个大豆主产区杂草群落可分为6组,其中赤峰市松山区与通辽市科尔沁区大豆主产区杂草群落聚为一类,结构最相似;而其他5个大豆主产区杂草群落各单独成组。

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Species composition and characterization of weed community in maize fields in Hebei Province. 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Investigation of weed community in soybean field and screening of highly effective herbicides. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 54(12): 110-120 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746484608357004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=54, issue=12, pageStart=110, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=39, authorNames=杨偌升, 李九颖, 薛飞, 孙兰兰, 苏旺苍, 徐洪乐, 吴仁海, journalName=河南农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨偌升, 李九颖, 薛飞, 孙兰兰, 苏旺苍, 徐洪乐, 吴仁海. 2025. 大豆田杂草群落调查及高效除草剂筛选. 河南农业科学, 54(12): 110-120, articleTitle=大豆田杂草群落调查及高效除草剂筛选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746484675465869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=35, issue=10, pageStart=2303, pageEnd=2310, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=40, authorNames=Yang YH, Lei Y, Bai ZY, Chen Y, Zhang HP, Zhang RJ, journalName=Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang YH, Lei Y, Bai ZY, Chen Y, Zhang HP, Zhang RJ. 2022. Physiological response of hybrid soybean to drought stress. 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Research on corn climatic zoning method in Inner Mongolia based on GIS. 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Investigation on common weeds and dominant populations in soybean fields in Jinan area. 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Weed species composition and infestation status in major soybean production regions of Inner Mongolia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Family

Genus

杂草种名

Species

杂草数量

No. of weeds

田间频度

Field

frequency/

%

相对频度

Relative frequency/

%

田间均度

Field

uniformity/

%

相对均度

Relative uniformity/%

田间

密度

Field density

相对

密度

Relative density/%

相对多度

Relative abundance/%

菊科

Asteraceae

飞蓬属

Erigeron

小蓬草

E. canadensis

479.680.949.680.881.520.810.88

苍耳属

Xanthium

苍耳

X. strumarium

10025.812.5025.812.363.231.722.19

蒲公英属

Taraxacum

蒲公英

T. mongolicum

563.230.313.230.291.810.960.52

蓟属

Cirsium

刺儿菜

C. arvense var.

integrifolium

6122.582.1932.262.951.971.052.06

大蓟

C. japonicum

63.230.313.210.290.160.100.24

蒿属

Artemisia

大籽蒿

A. sieversiana

106.450.626.450.590.320.170.46

艾蒿

A. argyi

5819.351.8719.351.771.871.001.55

蒙古蒿

A. mongolica

4812.91.2512.901.181.550.831.09

黄花蒿

A. annua

11616.131.5616.131.473.7421.68

牛膝菊属

Galinsoga

牛膝菊

G. parviflora

93.230.313.230.290.260.140.25

苦苣菜属

Sonchus

长裂苦苣菜

S. brachyotus

123.230.319.680.880.390.210.47

苦苣菜

S. oleraceus

14641.944.0641.943.834.712.513.47

马兰属

Kalimeris

马兰

K. indica

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

鬼针草属

Bidens

大狼耙草

B. frondosa

183.230.313.230.290.580.310.31

禾本科

Poaceae

稗属

Echinochloa

E. crus-galli

72693.558.7594.628.6523.4212.509.97

马唐属

Digitaria

马唐

D. sanguinalis

789.680.949.680.882.521.341.05

狗尾草属

Setaria

狗尾草

S. viridis

26464.526.2566.676.108.524.545.63

披碱草属

Elymus

披碱草

E. dahuricus

219.680.949.680.880.680.360.73

燕麦属

Avena

野燕麦

A. fatua

53.230.313.230.290.160.090.23

草属

Koeleria

K. macrantha

73.230.313.230.290.230.120.24

拂子茅属

Calamagrostis

拂子茅

C. epigeios

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

虎尾草属

Chloris

虎尾草

C. virgata

246.450.626.450.590.770.410.54

黍属

Panicum

糠稷

P. bisulcatum

73.230.313.230.290.230.120.24

赖草属

Leymus

羊草

L. chinensis

53.230.313.230.290.160.090.23

芦苇属

Phragmites

芦苇

P. australis

23.230.315.380.490.060.030.28

豆科

Fabaceae

胡枝子属

Lespedeza

兴安胡枝子

L. davurica

83.230.313.230.290.260.140.25

大豆属

Glycine

野大豆

G. soja

22038.713.7538.713.547.103.793.69

苜蓿属

Medicago

紫花苜蓿

M. sativa

53.230.313.230.290.160.090.23

草木樨属

Melilotus

草木樨

M. officinalis

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

野豌豆属

Vicia

野豌豆

V. sepium

6416.131.5623.662.162.061.101.61

车轴草属

Trifolium

野火球

T. lupinaster

133.230.313.230.290.420.220.28

蓼科

Polygonaceae

萹蓄属

Polygonum

萹蓄

P. aviculare

20838.713.7538.713.547.103.793.69

藤蓼属

Fallopia

卷茎蓼

F. convolvulus

106.450.626.450.590.320.170.46

酸模属

Rumex

皱叶酸模

R. crispus

429.680.949.680.881.350.720.85

蓼属

Persicaria

春蓼

P. maculosa

9522.582.1923.662.163.061.642.00
冰岛蓼属Koenigia

叉分蓼

K. divaricata

83.230.313.230.290.260.140.25

蔷薇科

Rosaceae

委陵菜属

Potentilla

朝天委陵菜

P. supina

529.680.949.680.881.680.900.91

委陵菜

P. chinensis

106.450.626.450.590.320.170.46

蚊子草属

Filipendula

红花蚊子草

F. palmata

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

毛莓草属

Sibbaldianthe

鸡冠草

S. bifurca

73.230.313.230.290.230.120.24

苋科

Amaranthaceae

苋属

Amaranthus

反枝苋

A. retroflexus

119793.559.0692.478.4638.6120.6012.71

藜属

Chenopodium

C. album

84193.559.0689.258.1627.1314.4810.57

沙冰藜属

Bassia

地肤

B. scoparia

103.230.313.230.290.320.170.26

旋花科

Convolvulaceae

鱼黄草属

Merremia

北鱼黄草

M. sibirica

14735.483.4447.314.334.742.533.43

旋花属

Convolvulus

田旋花

C. arvensis

249.680.9417.200.290.770.410.55

菟丝子属

Cuscuta

菟丝子

C. chinensis

339.680.9412.901.181.060.570.9

锦葵科

Malvaceae

苘麻属

Abutilon

苘麻

A. theophrasti

7529.032.8136.563.342.421.292.48

锦葵属

Malva

冬葵

M. verticillata var. crispa

146.450.626.450.590.450.240.49

木槿属

Hibiscus

野西瓜苗

H. trionum

11532.263.1230.112.753.711.982.62

唇形科

Lamiaceae

水棘针属

Amethystea

水棘针

A. caerulea

6819.351.8719.351.772.191.171.61

益母草属

Leonurus

益母草

L. japonicus

176.450.626.450.590.550.290.50

车前科

Plantaginaceae

车前属

Plantago

车前草

P. asiatica

4216.131.5616.131.471.350.721.25

茄科

Solanaceae

茄属

Solanum

龙葵

S. nigrum

56.450.629.680.880.160.090.53

木贼科

Equisetaceae

木贼属

Equisetum

问荆

E. arvense

19635.483.4435.483.246.323.373.35

牻牛儿苗科

Geraniaceae

老鹳草属

Geranium

鼠掌老鹳草

G. sibiricum

8116.131.5616.131.472.611.391.48

马齿苋科

Portulacaceae

马齿苋属

Portulaca

马齿苋

P. oleracea

7225.812.5025.812.362.321.242.03

石竹科

Caryophyllaceae

繁缕属

Stellaria

繁缕

S. media

453.230.313.230.291.450.770.46

大戟科

Euphorbiaceae

铁苋菜属

Acalypha

铁苋菜

A. australis

10716.131.5618.281.673.451.841.69

莎草科

Cyperaceae

莎草属

Cyperus

具芒碎米莎草

C. microiria

273.230.313.230.290.870.460.36

鸭跖草科

Commelinaceae

鸭跖草属

Commelina

鸭跖草

C. communis

4112.901.2512.901.181.320.711.05

千屈菜科

Lythraceae

千屈菜属

Lythrum

千屈菜

L. salicaria

43.230.313.230.290.130.070.23

大麻科

Cannabaceae

大麻属

Cannabis

大麻

C. sativa

406.450.626.450.591.290.690.63

十字花科

Brassicaceae

蔊菜属

Rorippa

沼生蔊菜

R. palustris

173.230.313.230.290.550.290.30
), ArticleFig(id=1266746477608063579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内蒙古大豆主产区杂草物种组成及为害情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Family

Genus

杂草种名

Species

杂草数量

No. of weeds

田间频度

Field

frequency/

%

相对频度

Relative frequency/

%

田间均度

Field

uniformity/

%

相对均度

Relative uniformity/%

田间

密度

Field density

相对

密度

Relative density/%

相对多度

Relative abundance/%

菊科

Asteraceae

飞蓬属

Erigeron

小蓬草

E. canadensis

479.680.949.680.881.520.810.88

苍耳属

Xanthium

苍耳

X. strumarium

10025.812.5025.812.363.231.722.19

蒲公英属

Taraxacum

蒲公英

T. mongolicum

563.230.313.230.291.810.960.52

蓟属

Cirsium

刺儿菜

C. arvense var.

integrifolium

6122.582.1932.262.951.971.052.06

大蓟

C. japonicum

63.230.313.210.290.160.100.24

蒿属

Artemisia

大籽蒿

A. sieversiana

106.450.626.450.590.320.170.46

艾蒿

A. argyi

5819.351.8719.351.771.871.001.55

蒙古蒿

A. mongolica

4812.91.2512.901.181.550.831.09

黄花蒿

A. annua

11616.131.5616.131.473.7421.68

牛膝菊属

Galinsoga

牛膝菊

G. parviflora

93.230.313.230.290.260.140.25

苦苣菜属

Sonchus

长裂苦苣菜

S. brachyotus

123.230.319.680.880.390.210.47

苦苣菜

S. oleraceus

14641.944.0641.943.834.712.513.47

马兰属

Kalimeris

马兰

K. indica

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

鬼针草属

Bidens

大狼耙草

B. frondosa

183.230.313.230.290.580.310.31

禾本科

Poaceae

稗属

Echinochloa

E. crus-galli

72693.558.7594.628.6523.4212.509.97

马唐属

Digitaria

马唐

D. sanguinalis

789.680.949.680.882.521.341.05

狗尾草属

Setaria

狗尾草

S. viridis

26464.526.2566.676.108.524.545.63

披碱草属

Elymus

披碱草

E. dahuricus

219.680.949.680.880.680.360.73

燕麦属

Avena

野燕麦

A. fatua

53.230.313.230.290.160.090.23

草属

Koeleria

K. macrantha

73.230.313.230.290.230.120.24

拂子茅属

Calamagrostis

拂子茅

C. epigeios

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

虎尾草属

Chloris

虎尾草

C. virgata

246.450.626.450.590.770.410.54

黍属

Panicum

糠稷

P. bisulcatum

73.230.313.230.290.230.120.24

赖草属

Leymus

羊草

L. chinensis

53.230.313.230.290.160.090.23

芦苇属

Phragmites

芦苇

P. australis

23.230.315.380.490.060.030.28

豆科

Fabaceae

胡枝子属

Lespedeza

兴安胡枝子

L. davurica

83.230.313.230.290.260.140.25

大豆属

Glycine

野大豆

G. soja

22038.713.7538.713.547.103.793.69

苜蓿属

Medicago

紫花苜蓿

M. sativa

53.230.313.230.290.160.090.23

草木樨属

Melilotus

草木樨

M. officinalis

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

野豌豆属

Vicia

野豌豆

V. sepium

6416.131.5623.662.162.061.101.61

车轴草属

Trifolium

野火球

T. lupinaster

133.230.313.230.290.420.220.28

蓼科

Polygonaceae

萹蓄属

Polygonum

萹蓄

P. aviculare

20838.713.7538.713.547.103.793.69

藤蓼属

Fallopia

卷茎蓼

F. convolvulus

106.450.626.450.590.320.170.46

酸模属

Rumex

皱叶酸模

R. crispus

429.680.949.680.881.350.720.85

蓼属

Persicaria

春蓼

P. maculosa

9522.582.1923.662.163.061.642.00
冰岛蓼属Koenigia

叉分蓼

K. divaricata

83.230.313.230.290.260.140.25

蔷薇科

Rosaceae

委陵菜属

Potentilla

朝天委陵菜

P. supina

529.680.949.680.881.680.900.91

委陵菜

P. chinensis

106.450.626.450.590.320.170.46

蚊子草属

Filipendula

红花蚊子草

F. palmata

63.230.313.230.290.190.100.24

毛莓草属

Sibbaldianthe

鸡冠草

S. bifurca

73.230.313.230.290.230.120.24

苋科

Amaranthaceae

苋属

Amaranthus

反枝苋

A. retroflexus

119793.559.0692.478.4638.6120.6012.71

藜属

Chenopodium

C. album

84193.559.0689.258.1627.1314.4810.57

沙冰藜属

Bassia

地肤

B. scoparia

103.230.313.230.290.320.170.26

旋花科

Convolvulaceae

鱼黄草属

Merremia

北鱼黄草

M. sibirica

14735.483.4447.314.334.742.533.43

旋花属

Convolvulus

田旋花

C. arvensis

249.680.9417.200.290.770.410.55

菟丝子属

Cuscuta

菟丝子

C. chinensis

339.680.9412.901.181.060.570.9

锦葵科

Malvaceae

苘麻属

Abutilon

苘麻

A. theophrasti

7529.032.8136.563.342.421.292.48

锦葵属

Malva

冬葵

M. verticillata var. crispa

146.450.626.450.590.450.240.49

木槿属

Hibiscus

野西瓜苗

H. trionum

11532.263.1230.112.753.711.982.62

唇形科

Lamiaceae

水棘针属

Amethystea

水棘针

A. caerulea

6819.351.8719.351.772.191.171.61

益母草属

Leonurus

益母草

L. japonicus

176.450.626.450.590.550.290.50

车前科

Plantaginaceae

车前属

Plantago

车前草

P. asiatica

4216.131.5616.131.471.350.721.25

茄科

Solanaceae

茄属

Solanum

龙葵

S. nigrum

56.450.629.680.880.160.090.53

木贼科

Equisetaceae

木贼属

Equisetum

问荆

E. arvense

19635.483.4435.483.246.323.373.35

牻牛儿苗科

Geraniaceae

老鹳草属

Geranium

鼠掌老鹳草

G. sibiricum

8116.131.5616.131.472.611.391.48

马齿苋科

Portulacaceae

马齿苋属

Portulaca

马齿苋

P. oleracea

7225.812.5025.812.362.321.242.03

石竹科

Caryophyllaceae

繁缕属

Stellaria

繁缕

S. media

453.230.313.230.291.450.770.46

大戟科

Euphorbiaceae

铁苋菜属

Acalypha

铁苋菜

A. australis

10716.131.5618.281.673.451.841.69

莎草科

Cyperaceae

莎草属

Cyperus

具芒碎米莎草

C. microiria

273.230.313.230.290.870.460.36

鸭跖草科

Commelinaceae

鸭跖草属

Commelina

鸭跖草

C. communis

4112.901.2512.901.181.320.711.05

千屈菜科

Lythraceae

千屈菜属

Lythrum

千屈菜

L. salicaria

43.230.313.230.290.130.070.23

大麻科

Cannabaceae

大麻属

Cannabis

大麻

C. sativa

406.450.626.450.591.290.690.63

十字花科

Brassicaceae

蔊菜属

Rorippa

沼生蔊菜

R. palustris

173.230.313.230.290.550.290.30
), ArticleFig(id=1266746477926830684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relative abundances of weed in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杂草种类

Weed species

兴安盟

乌兰浩特市Ulanhot City, Xing’an League

呼伦贝尔市Hulunbuir City

赤峰市

松山区

Songshan District,

Chifeng City

通辽市

科尔沁区

Horqin District, Tongliao City

扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City

阿荣旗

Arong Banner

鄂伦春

自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner

莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner

Echinochloa crus-galli29.2019.1237.7427.5633.8351.4345.66
Chenopodium album32.3738.3429.0829.5241.5144.7839.95
马唐Digitaria sanguinalis18.430.000.000.000.000.000.00
水棘针Amethystea caerulea13.2413.490.002.490.000.000.00
反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus20.8349.9953.1439.1946.3848.1444.60
狗尾草Setaria viridis24.9319.188.1114.2320.8720.4410.53
蒙古蒿Artemisia mongolica3.856.749.952.930.000.000.00
大籽蒿Artemisia sieversiana3.040.000.002.250.000.000.00
田旋花Convolvulus arvensis3.985.410.002.200.0011.046.71
虎尾草Chloris virgata3.570.000.002.050.000.000.00
艾蒿Artemisia argyi5.555.600.007.530.000.000.00
苘麻Abutilon theophrasti11.817.110.007.434.9331.7018.83
北鱼黄草Merremia sibirica10.885.0415.986.9911.960.009.20
长裂苦苣菜Sonchus brachyotus4.100.000.000.000.0012.040.00
鸭跖草Commelina communis4.640.000.006.600.0023.0721.46
铁苋菜Acalypha australis10.086.370.006.890.000.0015.38
具芒碎米莎草Cyperus microiria6.640.000.000.000.000.000.00
野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum9.936.1920.804.306.060.008.14
春蓼Persicaria maculosa6.0912.7110.916.650.000.000.00
马齿苋Portulaca oleracea10.346.379.684.894.3112.3618.70
牛膝菊Galinsoga parviflora4.250.000.000.000.000.000.00
千屈菜Lythrum salicaria3.040.000.000.000.000.000.00
萹蓄Polygonum aviculare14.065.6026.838.368.260.000.00
糠稷Panicum bisulcatum0.006.740.000.000.000.000.00
冬葵Malva verticillata var. crispa0.006.150.001.860.008.740.00
兴安胡枝子Lespedeza davurica0.006.930.000.000.000.000.00
卷茎蓼Fallopia convolvulus0.005.600.000.003.020.000.00
委陵菜Potentilla chinensis0.0011.780.000.000.000.000.00
苍耳Xanthium strumarium3.2812.750.004.8910.310.004.24
龙葵Solanum nigrum0.006.000.000.002.8712.6213.68
叉分蓼Koenigia divaricata0.006.930.000.000.000.000.00
大麻Cannabis sativa0.005.780.003.220.000.000.00
黄花蒿Artemisia annua3.056.5613.594.453.180.000.00
苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus7.166.3710.6311.7312.6723.5317.60
车前草Plantago asiatica6.766.159.481.950.000.000.00
益母草Leonurus japonicus3.055.000.000.000.000.000.00
沼生蔊菜Rorippa palustris0.000.0011.180.000.000.000.00
皱叶酸模Rumex crispus0.000.0010.502.594.010.000.00
野大豆Glycine soja3.050.0012.0018.3713.840.008.67
问荆Equisetum arvense0.000.0010.3910.2723.800.000.00
朝天委陵菜Potentilla supina3.980.000.002.404.960.000.00
披碱草Elymus dahuricus3.050.000.001.663.180.000.00
羊草Leymus chinensis3.050.000.000.000.000.000.00
马兰Kalimeris indica2.510.000.000.000.000.000.00
野豌豆Vicia sepium2.510.000.005.626.280.000.00

刺儿菜

Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium

1.970.000.0010.763.860.000.00
鼠掌老鹳草Geranium sibiricum1.970.000.008.403.180.000.00
鸡冠菜Sibbaldianthe bifurca0.000.000.002.300.000.000.00
地肤Bassia scoparia0.000.000.002.440.000.000.00
芦苇Phragmites australis0.000.000.001.710.000.000.00
菟丝子Cuscuta chinensis0.000.000.005.132.800.000.00
红花蚊子草Filipendula palmata0.000.000.001.910.000.000.00
野燕麦Avena fatua0.000.000.001.510.000.000.00
Koeleria macrantha0.000.000.002.300.000.000.00
拂子茅Calamagrostis epigeios0.000.000.001.910.000.000.00
野火球Trifolium lupinaster0.000.000.002.590.000.000.00
大狼耙草Bidens frondosa0.000.000.002.150.000.008.40
大蓟Cirsium japonicum0.000.000.002.250.000.000.00
小蓬草Erigeron canadensis0.000.000.003.576.020.000.00
紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa0.000.000.000.002.620.000.00
草木樨Melilotus officinalis0.000.000.000.003.180.000.00
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum0.000.000.000.005.990.008.17
繁缕Stellaria media0.000.000.000.006.130.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746478044271197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

内蒙古大豆主产区杂草的相对多度 (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杂草种类

Weed species

兴安盟

乌兰浩特市Ulanhot City, Xing’an League

呼伦贝尔市Hulunbuir City

赤峰市

松山区

Songshan District,

Chifeng City

通辽市

科尔沁区

Horqin District, Tongliao City

扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City

阿荣旗

Arong Banner

鄂伦春

自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner

莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner

Echinochloa crus-galli29.2019.1237.7427.5633.8351.4345.66
Chenopodium album32.3738.3429.0829.5241.5144.7839.95
马唐Digitaria sanguinalis18.430.000.000.000.000.000.00
水棘针Amethystea caerulea13.2413.490.002.490.000.000.00
反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus20.8349.9953.1439.1946.3848.1444.60
狗尾草Setaria viridis24.9319.188.1114.2320.8720.4410.53
蒙古蒿Artemisia mongolica3.856.749.952.930.000.000.00
大籽蒿Artemisia sieversiana3.040.000.002.250.000.000.00
田旋花Convolvulus arvensis3.985.410.002.200.0011.046.71
虎尾草Chloris virgata3.570.000.002.050.000.000.00
艾蒿Artemisia argyi5.555.600.007.530.000.000.00
苘麻Abutilon theophrasti11.817.110.007.434.9331.7018.83
北鱼黄草Merremia sibirica10.885.0415.986.9911.960.009.20
长裂苦苣菜Sonchus brachyotus4.100.000.000.000.0012.040.00
鸭跖草Commelina communis4.640.000.006.600.0023.0721.46
铁苋菜Acalypha australis10.086.370.006.890.000.0015.38
具芒碎米莎草Cyperus microiria6.640.000.000.000.000.000.00
野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum9.936.1920.804.306.060.008.14
春蓼Persicaria maculosa6.0912.7110.916.650.000.000.00
马齿苋Portulaca oleracea10.346.379.684.894.3112.3618.70
牛膝菊Galinsoga parviflora4.250.000.000.000.000.000.00
千屈菜Lythrum salicaria3.040.000.000.000.000.000.00
萹蓄Polygonum aviculare14.065.6026.838.368.260.000.00
糠稷Panicum bisulcatum0.006.740.000.000.000.000.00
冬葵Malva verticillata var. crispa0.006.150.001.860.008.740.00
兴安胡枝子Lespedeza davurica0.006.930.000.000.000.000.00
卷茎蓼Fallopia convolvulus0.005.600.000.003.020.000.00
委陵菜Potentilla chinensis0.0011.780.000.000.000.000.00
苍耳Xanthium strumarium3.2812.750.004.8910.310.004.24
龙葵Solanum nigrum0.006.000.000.002.8712.6213.68
叉分蓼Koenigia divaricata0.006.930.000.000.000.000.00
大麻Cannabis sativa0.005.780.003.220.000.000.00
黄花蒿Artemisia annua3.056.5613.594.453.180.000.00
苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus7.166.3710.6311.7312.6723.5317.60
车前草Plantago asiatica6.766.159.481.950.000.000.00
益母草Leonurus japonicus3.055.000.000.000.000.000.00
沼生蔊菜Rorippa palustris0.000.0011.180.000.000.000.00
皱叶酸模Rumex crispus0.000.0010.502.594.010.000.00
野大豆Glycine soja3.050.0012.0018.3713.840.008.67
问荆Equisetum arvense0.000.0010.3910.2723.800.000.00
朝天委陵菜Potentilla supina3.980.000.002.404.960.000.00
披碱草Elymus dahuricus3.050.000.001.663.180.000.00
羊草Leymus chinensis3.050.000.000.000.000.000.00
马兰Kalimeris indica2.510.000.000.000.000.000.00
野豌豆Vicia sepium2.510.000.005.626.280.000.00

刺儿菜

Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium

1.970.000.0010.763.860.000.00
鼠掌老鹳草Geranium sibiricum1.970.000.008.403.180.000.00
鸡冠菜Sibbaldianthe bifurca0.000.000.002.300.000.000.00
地肤Bassia scoparia0.000.000.002.440.000.000.00
芦苇Phragmites australis0.000.000.001.710.000.000.00
菟丝子Cuscuta chinensis0.000.000.005.132.800.000.00
红花蚊子草Filipendula palmata0.000.000.001.910.000.000.00
野燕麦Avena fatua0.000.000.001.510.000.000.00
Koeleria macrantha0.000.000.002.300.000.000.00
拂子茅Calamagrostis epigeios0.000.000.001.910.000.000.00
野火球Trifolium lupinaster0.000.000.002.590.000.000.00
大狼耙草Bidens frondosa0.000.000.002.150.000.008.40
大蓟Cirsium japonicum0.000.000.002.250.000.000.00
小蓬草Erigeron canadensis0.000.000.003.576.020.000.00
紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa0.000.000.000.002.620.000.00
草木樨Melilotus officinalis0.000.000.000.003.180.000.00
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum0.000.000.000.005.990.008.17
繁缕Stellaria media0.000.000.000.006.130.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746478425952862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Species diversity of weeds in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

区域

Region

物种丰富度

指数

Species richness index

Simpson

优势度指数

Simpson’s

diversity index

Shannon-Wiener

多样性指数

Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index

Pielou

均匀度指数

Pielou evenness index

兴安盟乌兰浩特市Ulanhot City, Xing’an League360.9102.8140.785

呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City, Hulunbuir City

280.8242.3880.716

呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗

Arong Banner, Hulunbuir City

170.8722.3770.840

呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City

440.9183.0300.801

呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner,

Hulunbuir City

280.8792.5490.765
赤峰市松山区Songshan District, Chifeng City120.8482.1030.846
通辽市科尔沁区Horqin District, Tongliao City170.8472.2110.780
), ArticleFig(id=1266746478778274399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

内蒙古大豆主产区杂草的物种多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

区域

Region

物种丰富度

指数

Species richness index

Simpson

优势度指数

Simpson’s

diversity index

Shannon-Wiener

多样性指数

Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index

Pielou

均匀度指数

Pielou evenness index

兴安盟乌兰浩特市Ulanhot City, Xing’an League360.9102.8140.785

呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City, Hulunbuir City

280.8242.3880.716

呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗

Arong Banner, Hulunbuir City

170.8722.3770.840

呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City

440.9183.0300.801

呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner,

Hulunbuir City

280.8792.5490.765
赤峰市松山区Songshan District, Chifeng City120.8482.1030.846
通辽市科尔沁区Horqin District, Tongliao City170.8472.2110.780
), ArticleFig(id=1266746478895714912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Square Euclidean distance between weed communities in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

区域

Region

兴安盟

乌兰浩特市

Ulanhot City, Xing’an League

呼伦贝尔市Hulunbuir City

赤峰市

松山区

Songshan District, Chifeng City

通辽市科尔沁区

Horqin District, Tongliao City

扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City

阿荣旗

Arong Banner

鄂伦春自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner

莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous

Banner

兴安盟乌兰浩特市

Ulanhot City, Xing’an League

0.00129.38127.92153.93133.37136.12123.68

呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City, Hulunbuir City

129.380.00114.32166.14132.54117.68115.30

呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗

Arong Banner, Hulunbuir City

127.92114.320.00149.99108.98128.0499.45

呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City

153.93166.14149.990.00127.63168.34148.75

呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City

133.37132.54108.98127.630.00117.6698.77

赤峰市松山区

Songshan District, Chifeng City

136.10117.68128.04168.34117.660.0048.02

通辽市科尔沁区

Horqin District, Tongliao City

123.68115.3099.45148.7598.7748.020.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746479277396577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470822425284917, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

内蒙古大豆主产区杂草群落间的平方欧式距离

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

区域

Region

兴安盟

乌兰浩特市

Ulanhot City, Xing’an League

呼伦贝尔市Hulunbuir City

赤峰市

松山区

Songshan District, Chifeng City

通辽市科尔沁区

Horqin District, Tongliao City

扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City

阿荣旗

Arong Banner

鄂伦春自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner

莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous

Banner

兴安盟乌兰浩特市

Ulanhot City, Xing’an League

0.00129.38127.92153.93133.37136.12123.68

呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市

Zhalantun City, Hulunbuir City

129.380.00114.32166.14132.54117.68115.30

呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗

Arong Banner, Hulunbuir City

127.92114.320.00149.99108.98128.0499.45

呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗

Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City

153.93166.14149.990.00127.63168.34148.75

呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City

133.37132.54108.98127.630.00117.6698.77

赤峰市松山区

Songshan District, Chifeng City

136.10117.68128.04168.34117.660.0048.02

通辽市科尔沁区

Horqin District, Tongliao City

123.68115.3099.45148.7598.7748.020.00
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内蒙古自治区大豆主产区杂草种类及群落特征
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郭锦鹏 1 , 徐帅 1 , 贾硕 2 , 何月 2 , 张静航 3 , 轩辕国超 4 , 董国民 5 , 杨佳乐 1 , 张文兵 1
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 438-448
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植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026, 53(2): 438-448
内蒙古自治区大豆主产区杂草种类及群落特征
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郭锦鹏1, 徐帅1, 贾硕2, 何月2, 张静航3, 轩辕国超4, 董国民5, 杨佳乐1, 张文兵1
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,呼和浩特 010020
  • 2.兴安盟农牧科学院,内蒙古 乌兰浩特 137499
  • 3.内蒙古自治区植保植检中心,呼和浩特 010090
  • 4.内蒙古开放大学乡村振兴学院,呼和浩特 010011
  • 5.呼伦贝尔莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗额尔和乡农牧业技术推广服务中心,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 162892

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The species and community characteristics of weeds in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Jinpeng Guo1, Xü Shuai1, Shuo Jia2, Yue He2, Jinghang Zhang3, Guochao Xuanyuan4, Guomin Dong5, Jiale Yang1, Wenbing Zhang1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia;Autonomous Region, China
  • 2.Xing’an League Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ulanhot 137499, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3.Inner Mongolia Center for Plant Protection and Quarantine, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 4.College of Furyher Education, Inner Mongolia Open University, Hohhot 010011, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 5.Argen Township Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir 162892, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025129
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为明确内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)大豆田杂草的种类和群落特征,对内蒙古大豆主产区32个样点的杂草种类、群落结构进行全面系统调查,并对其群落多样性和相似性进行分析。结果显示:内蒙古大豆主产区杂草共有21科57属63种,其中菊科杂草有9属14种,禾本科杂草有11属11种,豆科杂草有6属6种,蓼科杂草有5属5种,蔷薇科杂草有3属4种,苋科、旋花科和锦葵科杂草各有3属3种,唇形科杂草有2属2种,车前科、茄科和木贼科等12科杂草各有1属1种。反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus、稗Echinochloa crus-galli和藜Chenopodium album的相对多度较高,为内蒙古大豆主产区的优势杂草。呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗大豆主产区杂草物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均最高,分别为44、0.918和3.030,赤峰市松山区大豆主产区杂草群落的Pielou均匀度指数最高,为0.846。内蒙古7个大豆主产区杂草群落可分为6组,其中赤峰市松山区与通辽市科尔沁区大豆主产区杂草群落聚为一类,结构最相似;而其他5个大豆主产区杂草群落各单独成组。

内蒙古  /  大豆田  /  杂草  /  多样性  /  群落结构  /  相似性  /  优势种

To clarify the species composition and community characteristics of weeds in soybean fields across Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a comprehensive and systematic investigation was conducted on weed species and community structure at 32 sampling sites in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia, and the community diversity and similarity were also analyzed. The results showed that a total of 63 weed species belonging to 57 genera in 21 families were found in the major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia. The 21 families include Asteraceae family (nine genera and 14 species), Poaceae (11 genera and 11 species), Fabaceae (six genera and six species), and Polygonaceae (five genera and five species), Rosaceae (three genera and four species), Amaranthaceae (three genera and three species), Convolvulaceae (three genera and three species), Malvaceae (three genera and three species), Lamiaceae (two genera and two species), and the remaining 12 families including Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae, and Equisetaceae (each represented by one genus and one species). Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli showed relatively high abundance, making them the dominant weeds in the major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia. The Oroqen Autonomous Banner of Hulunbuir City exhibited the highest weed species richness, Simpson dominance, and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, with values of 44, 0.918, and 3.030, respectively. The Songshan District of Chifeng City exhibited the highest Pielou evenness index of weed communities, at 0.846. The weed communities in the seven major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia could be classified into six groups. Among them, the weed community structures in Songshan District of Chifeng City and Horqin District of Tongliao City were clustered into one group with the highest similarity, while the weed community structures of remaining five major soybean producing regions each formed an independent group.

Inner Mongolia  /  soybean field  /  weed  /  biodiversity  /  community structure  /  similarity  /  dominant species
郭锦鹏, 徐帅, 贾硕, 何月, 张静航, 轩辕国超, 董国民, 杨佳乐, 张文兵. 内蒙古自治区大豆主产区杂草种类及群落特征. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 438 -448 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025129
Jinpeng Guo, Xü Shuai, Shuo Jia, Yue He, Jinghang Zhang, Guochao Xuanyuan, Guomin Dong, Jiale Yang, Wenbing Zhang. The species and community characteristics of weeds in major soybean producing regions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 438 -448 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025129
大豆是我国重要的粮油作物,有着极高的营养价值和经济价值,在日常生活和生产中具有重要地位(杨玉花等,2022)。内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)是我国主要的大豆生产基地,年播种面积保持在70万hm2以上,占全国大豆种植面积的10%以上,每公顷产量可达2 000 kg,总产量仅次于黑龙江省,稳居全国第二(郭方亮等,2025)。目前内蒙古大豆产区主要集中在通辽市,赤峰市,兴安盟科右前旗、扎赉特旗,呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市、阿荣旗、莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗和鄂伦春自治旗等东北部区域,常年播种面积占全区的97%以上(王彦平等,2018)。大豆在生产过程中面临诸多病虫害,其中杂草是影响大豆产量的主要因素之一。内蒙古东北大豆田杂草以禾本科、菊科和蓼科为主,这些杂草与大豆争夺光照与养分,导致大豆产量降低,一般情况下可使大豆减产10%~20%,严重田块减产可达30%~50%,甚至更多(崔娟等,2021)。因此,明确内蒙古不同区域大豆田杂草种类和群落特征,并进行综合防控迫在眉睫。
近年来关于大豆田杂草种类及群落特征的研究较多。例如,黑龙江省北安市大豆田杂草共有18科43种,其中菊科、禾本科和蓼科杂草种类较多(王朝晖和周博,2009);江西省新建县大豆田杂草共有13科24种,其中菊科、禾本科和莎草科杂草种类较多(胡铭等,2009);河南省安阳市夏大豆田杂草共有14科26种,其中禾本科、菊科和苋科杂草种类较多(徐淑霞等,2008);河南省新乡、许昌、周口和漯河市大豆田杂草共有11科18种,其中禾本科、苋科、菊科的杂草种类较多(杨偌升等,2025);山东省济南市大豆田杂草共有17科31种,其中禾本科杂草种类最多,其次为菊科、旋花科和藜科杂草(张军芳等,2001)。1995年和2003年刘文孟和李惠芝(2003)分别对内蒙古兴安盟大豆田杂草群落进行了调查,发现兴安盟大豆田内杂草有29科63属94种,主要杂草为稗Echinochloa crus-galli、藜Chenopodium album、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus、狗尾草Setaria viridis、苍耳Xanthium strumarium、鸭跖草Commelina communis和问荆Equisetum arvense等。但目前关于内蒙古大豆田杂草种类的系统性调查较少,关于其群落现状的报道更是少之又少。
为系统评估内蒙古杂草分布及发生情况,对内蒙古大豆主产区田间杂草的发生情况进行全面调查和细致分析,明确内蒙古大豆田杂草种类与群落特征,以期为内蒙古大豆田杂草科学管理与综合防控提供理论依据。
研究区概括:内蒙古大豆种植区域主要分布在赤峰市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市及兴安盟。呼伦贝尔市大豆种植面积最大,种植面积和产量分别占全区的71.4%和74.8%,其次是兴安盟、赤峰市和通辽市,种植面积和产量分别占全区的11.9%和13.1%、6.5%和5.2%以及2.8%和2.2%(阿如娜,2016)。因此,选择赤峰市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市和兴安盟作为研究区。大豆种植品种为兴豆8号,大豆行距约为55 cm,株距约为10 cm,每年5月中旬开始种植。
由于气候条件和种植方式等因素影响,每年9月上旬至10月上旬大豆田杂草的发生与危害基本成型,因此选择9月上旬至下旬进行杂草发生情况的调查和取样。2023年9月上旬至10月上旬调查内蒙古大豆主产区兴安盟、呼伦贝尔市大豆田杂草情况,2024年9月上旬至10月上旬调查赤峰市和通辽市大豆田杂草情况。每年每个市(盟)各调查1次,两年共调查32个田块,其中兴安盟乌兰浩特市涉及5个村,分别为义勒力特镇羊场子嘎查、科右前旗红忠村及扎赉特旗的四家户村、四家子村和四方山村。呼伦贝尔市涉及扎兰屯市、阿荣旗、鄂伦春自治旗和莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗的21个村,分别为扎兰屯市的太平川乡杨树林村、中和镇新发屯、成吉思汗镇前进村、大河湾镇小围子村和大河湾农场白家窝堡村;阿荣旗的长发屯、大有庄村西组和大有庄村;莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗的兴隆村和双龙泉村,登科特镇安民村,腾克镇的特莫呼珠村、甘河农场四队、巴彦农场三队及西瓦尔图镇的长新村和托尔苏村;鄂伦春自治旗大杨树镇的北郊村和街西村,宜里镇的农场三队、农场十四队和诺敏河农场三连。赤峰市松山区涉及3个村,分别为王府镇牛家营子村、城子乡兴隆庄村和穆家营子镇五三村。通辽市科尔沁区涉及3个村,分别为钱家店镇的翟家村和东亿颗树村及敖力布皋镇西佳木斯村。每个村选择1块土壤墒情好、未施药且无覆膜种植的大豆田,每个田块面积约为1 hm2。每个田块设5个采样点,每点样方为0.5 m×0.5 m,详细记录样方内杂草种类和数量(魏守辉等,2006蔡海林等,2022)。杂草种类参考《中国杂草志》(李扬汉,1998)、《农田杂草鉴别与防除彩色图解》(鲁传涛,2021)等工具书进行鉴定。
根据1.2.1调查结果计算内蒙古各大豆主产区杂草的田间频度、田间均度、田间密度、相对频度、相对均度、相对密度和相对多度等指标。前6个指标从分布广度、空间均匀性和个体数量3个方面来描述某种杂草在田间的发生情况,而最后1个指标综合以上指标来反映某种杂草在群落中的优势地位。田间频度表示某种杂草在样方中的出现频率,反映该杂草的空间分布广度,田间频度=某种杂草出现的田块数/调查总田块数×100%。田间均度表示某种杂草在各个样方中出现的均匀程度,数值越大说明该杂草在田间分布越均匀,田间均度=某种杂草出现的样方数/调查总样方数×100%。田间密度反映了某种杂草的生长旺盛程度或数量优势,田间密度=某种杂草在调查田块的平均密度之和/调查总田块数。相对频度=某种杂草的田间频度/各种杂草田间频度之和×100%,相对均度=某种杂草的田间均度/各种杂草田间均度之和×100%。相对密度反映某种杂草在所有杂草中数量的相对优势,相对密度=某种杂草的田间密度/各种杂草田间密度之和×100%。相对多度表示综合了某种杂草在数量、分布广度和分布均匀度3个方面的优势程度,相对多度=(相对频度+相对均度+相对密度)/3;相对多度数值越大,说明该杂草在群落中越占优势(肖文敏等,2023)。根据杂草的相对多度将田间杂草划分为4种类型,即优势杂草(相对多度≥5%)、区域性优势杂草(3%≤相对多度<5%)、常见杂草(1%≤相对多度<3%)、一般杂草(相对多度<1%)。
对内蒙古7个大豆主产区杂草群落的组成和杂草的相对多度进行分析,方法同1.2.2。
选择物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数对内蒙古7个大豆主产区杂草群落进行多样性分析。物种丰富度指数为一定样方内的物种数S郭浩璇,2020);该指数越高,说明该地区杂草种类越丰富,反之则说明该地区杂草种类相对单一。Simpson优势度指数=i=1SPi2,式中,Pi 是第i物种被第1次抽到的概率,Pi =Ni /NNi 为样方中第i种杂草的密度,N为该样方中所有杂草密度和;该指数越高,说明该地区杂草群落中优势物种较集中,群落组成差异相对较小,反之说明则该地区优势杂草种类相对较多。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′,H'=-i=1SPiln Pi;该指数越高,说明该地区物种多样性较丰富,反之则说明该地区群落构成相对简单。Pielou均匀度指数=H′/lnS;该指数越高,说明该地区杂草分布较均匀,反之则说明该地区杂草分布相对分散。
为明确内蒙古不同大豆主产区杂草群落的相似性,以相对多度为指标,采用组间均连法,利用SPSS 20.0软件对内蒙古7个大豆主产区杂草群落进行系统聚类分析。以内蒙古7个大豆主产区杂草的相对多度为原始数据,利用SPSS 20.0软件中Z得分对原始数据进行标准化,然后利用SPSS 20.0中距离分析功能计算不同大豆主产区间杂草群落之间的平方欧式距离。平方欧氏距离越小,说明两个地区之间杂草群落越相似。
内蒙古大豆主产区杂草有21科57属63种。其中,菊科杂草有9属14种,占总种数的22.2%;禾本科杂草有11属11种,占总种数的17.4%;豆科杂草有6属6种,占总种数的9.5%;蓼科杂草有5属5种,占总种数的7.9%;蔷薇科杂草有3属4种,占总种数的6.3%;苋科、旋花科和锦葵科杂草各有3属3种,分别占总种数的4.7%;唇形科杂草有2属2种,占总种数的比3.1%;车前科、茄科、木贼科、牻牛儿苗科、马齿苋科、石竹科、大戟科、莎草科、鸭跖草科、千屈菜科、大麻科和十字花科杂草各有1属1种,分别占总种数的1.5%(表1)。
在内蒙古大豆主产区63种杂草中,相对多度大于1%的杂草有25种,为内蒙古大豆主产区的主要杂草。反枝苋、藜、稗、狗尾草的相对多度分别为12.71%、10.57%、9.97%和5.63%,为内蒙古大豆主产区的优势杂草;野大豆Glycine soja、萹蓄Polygonum aviculare、苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus、北鱼黄草Merremia sibirica和问荆等21种杂草的相对多度介于1%~5%;而朝天委陵菜Potentilla supina、菟丝子Cuscuta chinensis和小蓬草Erigeron canadensis等38种杂草的相对多度均小于1%(表1)。在内蒙古大豆主产区25种主要杂草中,相对频度较大的杂草有藜、反枝苋、稗、狗尾草、苦苣菜、萹蓄和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti等,相对均度较大的杂草有藜、反枝苋、稗、狗尾草、苦苣菜、萹蓄和野大豆等,相对密度较大的杂草有反枝苋、藜、稗、狗尾草、野大豆、萹蓄和问荆等(表1)。
内蒙古大豆主产区以苋科、禾本科和菊科杂草的发生量最大,相对密度分别为35.25%、19.70%和11.92%。禾本科杂草以稗发生量最大,相对密度为12.50%,其次为狗尾草,相对密度为4.54%。苋科杂草以反枝苋发生量最大,相对密度达20.60%,藜次之,为14.48%。菊科杂草以苦苣菜发生量最大,相对密度为2.51%,其次为黄花蒿Artemisia annua,相对密度为2.00%。发生频率最大的杂草是反枝苋和藜,相对频度均为9.06%,稗次之,相对频度为8.75%(表1)。
内蒙古不同大豆主产区杂草群落有一定的差异。兴安盟乌兰浩特市大豆主产区杂草有36种,其中藜的相对多度最高,为32.37%,稗次之,相对多度为29.20%。呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市大豆主产区杂草有28种,其中反枝苋、藜、狗尾草、稗的相对多度较高,分别为49.99%、38.34%、19.18%和19.12%;呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗大豆主产区杂草有17种,其中反枝苋、稗、藜和萹蓄的相对多度较高,分别为53.14%、37.74%、29.08%和26.83%;呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗大豆主产区杂草有44种,反枝苋、藜和稗的相对多度较高,分别为39.19%、29.52%和27.56%;呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗大豆主产区杂草有28种,反枝苋、藜和稗的相对多度较高,分别为46.38%、41.51%和33.83%。赤峰市松山区和通辽市科尔沁区大豆主产区杂草分别有12种和17种,反枝苋、藜和稗的相对多度较高,分别为48.14%、44.78%和51.43%以及44.60%、39.95%和45.66%(表2)。
在内蒙古7个大豆主产区中,呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗大豆主产区杂草群落的物种丰富度指数最高,为44种;兴安盟乌兰浩特市大豆主产区次之,为36种;赤峰市松山区大豆主产区最低,为12种(表3)。在内蒙古7个大豆主产区中,呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗大豆主产区杂草群落的Simpson优势度指数最高,为0.918;兴安盟乌兰浩特市大豆主产区次之,为0.910;呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市大豆主产区最低,为0.824(表3)。在内蒙古7个大豆主产区中,呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗大豆主产区杂草群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,为3.030;而赤峰市松山区大豆主产区杂草群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最低,为2.103(表3)。在内蒙古7个大豆主产区中,赤峰市松山区大豆主产区杂草群落的Pielou均匀度指数最高,为0.846;而呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市大豆主产区杂草群落的Pielou均匀度指数最低,为0.716(表3)。
内蒙古7个大豆主产区杂草群落聚为6类,其中呼伦贝尔市的鄂伦春自治旗、莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗、扎兰屯市、阿荣旗及兴安盟乌兰浩特市大豆主产区杂草群落各聚为一类(图1);赤峰市松山区和通辽市科尔沁区大豆主产区杂草群落聚为一类,表明杂草群落最相似(图1),且组间平方欧式距离最小,为48.02(表4);鄂伦春自治旗和赤峰市松山区大豆主产区杂草群落相似度最低(图1),组间平方欧式距离也最大,为168.34(表4)。
本研究结果显示兴安盟乌兰浩特市大豆主产区杂草有36种,其中相对多度最高的杂草为藜,相对多度为32.37%,稗次之,相对多度为29.20%。1995年和2003年,刘文孟和李惠芝(2003)对内蒙古兴安盟大豆田杂草群落进行调查,发现兴安盟大豆田主要杂草种类为稗、藜和反枝苋等,与本研究结果一致;但与本研究结果相比,禾本科杂草的比例明显下降,阔叶杂草的比例明显增加,藜、反枝苋、鸭跖草等阔叶杂草取代稗、野燕麦Avena fatua和狗尾草等禾本科杂草成为田间的主要杂草,造成这一现象的原因是多年连续使用氟乐灵、豆磺隆、乙草胺等除草剂。2006—2007年,李伟杰(2014)对黑龙江省呼玛县大豆田杂草群落进行调查,同样发现阔叶杂草迅速增多并且逐步取代禾本科杂草,究其原因可能是,管理不完善和多年连续不倒茬种植大豆,杂草群落发生一定变化,杂草的抗药性也增加。
由于自然地理环境、农田生态及气候条件等综合因素影响,不同区域大豆田杂草群落有明显差异。本研结果显示,在内蒙古7个大豆主产区中,呼伦贝尔市鄂伦春自治旗大豆主产区杂草群落的物种丰富度最高,这可能是因为该地区土壤为暗棕壤,土壤腐殖质丰富,同时该地区属寒温带大陆性季风气候,光照充足,降水集中,有利于各类杂草的生长(贺鹏飞等,2020);而赤峰市松山区和通辽市科尔沁区大豆主产区杂草群落最相似,这归因于两地地理邻近且农业生态系统高度相似(张超,2017)。与同为东北地区的黑龙江省相比,尽管黑龙江省讷河市与内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗相邻,但莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗地处山区,地貌复杂,昼夜温差大且土壤贫瘠,这导致两个地区有十多种杂草种类不同(姜东峰等,2008)。位于长江中下游地区的江西省新建县大豆田以稗、狗尾草和马唐Digitaria sanguinalis等喜温喜湿的杂草为优势种,并且禾本科杂草发生较严重,在所有杂草种类中占比最大(胡铭等,2009);位于黄淮海地区的河南省许昌市大豆田杂草主要为禾本科、菊科、苋科、藜科及蓼科杂草,占比之和超过57%,其中禾本科杂草占比最大,为21%(任建军,2012);位于西北地区的新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁河谷大豆田杂草有7科13种,以禾本科杂草为主,优势杂草分别为灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca、田旋花Convolvulus arvensis、稗、画眉草Eragrostis pilosa和金色狗尾草Setaria pumila陆平和梁巧玲等,2011)。这些地区大豆田杂草群落与内蒙古大豆主产区杂草群落存在明显差异,造成这种差异的主要原因是不同地区之间地理位置、气候条件以及耕作制度不同。
本研究明确了内蒙古大豆主产区杂草发生的种类及其群落特征。在内蒙古大豆田杂草防控的过程中,首先要重点防控杂草的优势种群,如反枝苋、稗和藜等,采取针对性、多样化防控,同时还要防止其他杂草转变为优势杂草。未来应结合现有的农业措施和除草剂进一步开展除草试验,制订更详细的综合防治策略,从而实现内蒙古大豆田杂草的可持续治理。
  • 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费(BR230127)
  • 内蒙古自治区大豆现代农牧业产业技术体系项目(IMAHRS-5)
  • 内蒙古自治区育种联合攻关项目(YZ2023005)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025129
  • 接收时间:2025-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12
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内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费(BR230127)
内蒙古自治区大豆现代农牧业产业技术体系项目(IMAHRS-5)
内蒙古自治区育种联合攻关项目(YZ2023005)
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    1.内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,呼和浩特 010020
    2.兴安盟农牧科学院,内蒙古 乌兰浩特 137499
    3.内蒙古自治区植保植检中心,呼和浩特 010090
    4.内蒙古开放大学乡村振兴学院,呼和浩特 010011
    5.呼伦贝尔莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗额尔和乡农牧业技术推广服务中心,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 162892

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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