Article(id=1266470775910453317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025128, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757433600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879762866, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879762866, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879762866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879762866, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879723857, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=519, endPage=526, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470777537843271, articleId=1266470775910453317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Synergistic effects of organosilicon adjuvants on insecticides for the control of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To evaluate the synergistic effects of organosilicon adjuvants on insecticides and improve the field control efficacy against the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, the interfacial properties of Silwet819, Silwet806, Silwet820 and Silwet710 were determined. Their toxicities to cotton aphids and their synergistic ratios with sulfoxaflor and flonicamid were determined to identify the most effective adjuvants. Field trials were further conducted to evaluate their effects on reducing the application rate of flonicamid while maintaining efficacy. The results showed that among the four adjuvants, Silwet806 exhibited the strongest ability to reduce surface tension and increase maximum retention on leaf surfaces, while Silwet819 showed the greatest reduction in contact angle of leaves. All four adjuvants displayed certain insecticidal activity against cotton aphids and exhibited synergistic effects with both sulfoxaflor and flonicamid, with synergistic effects positively correlated with adjuvant concentration. At 0.05%, the synergistic ratios of Silwet819 and Silwet806 with sulfoxaflor were 5.12 and 6.71, respectively, and their synergistic ratios with flonicamid reached 12.80 and 6.40, respectively. Silwet806 and Silwet819 were identified as the most effective adjuvants, significantly enhancing the rapid efficacy of flonicamid against cotton aphids. When the application rate of flonicamid was reduced by 20% or 50%, the addition of 0.02% Silwet806 or Silwet819 achieved control efficacy comparable to the conventional dosage, while 0.05% addition resulted in higher control efficacy than the conventional treatment. These results indicate that Silwet806 and Silwet819 are optimal synergists for sulfoxaflor and flonicamid by modifying the physicochemical properties of spray solutions and reducing pesticide loss. In field control of cotton aphids, the addition of 0.02%-0.05% Silwet806 or Silwet819 can reduce flonicamid usage by 20%-50%.

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为评价有机硅助剂对杀虫剂的增效作用,提高对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的田间防治效果,通过测定有机硅助剂Silwet819、Silwet806、Silwet820和Silwet710的溶液界面特性及其对棉蚜的毒力和对氟啶虫酰胺与氟啶虫胺腈的增效比,筛选出增效作用最显著的助剂,并通过田间药效试验评估其对氟啶虫酰胺的减施增效作用。结果表明:在4种有机硅助剂中,Silwet806对溶液表面张力的降低能力和对叶片上最大持留量的提升能力最佳,Silwet819对溶液在叶片上接触角的降低能力最佳;4种助剂对棉蚜均有一定的杀虫活性,对氟啶虫胺睛和氟啶虫酰胺均有增效作用,且增效作用与助剂的添加量呈正比,0.05%的Silwet819和Silwet806对氟啶虫胺睛的增效比最大,分别为5.12和6.71,对氟啶虫酰胺的增效比也最大,分别达12.80和6.40。选择Silwet806和Silwet819作为最佳助剂,可大幅提高氟啶虫酰胺防治棉蚜时的速效性;氟啶虫酰胺减量20%和50%时,添加0.02%的Silwet806和Silwet819后对棉蚜的防治效果可达常规用量水平,添加0.05%的Silwet806和Silwet819后对棉蚜的防治效果超过常规用量水平。表明有机硅助剂Silwet806和Silwet819通过改变药液物理性状,减少药剂流失,对氟啶虫酰胺和氟啶虫胺腈的增效作用最佳;在田间防治棉蚜时,添加0.02%~0.05%的Silwet819和Silwet806可减少20%~50%的氟啶虫酰胺施用量。

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Effects of organosilicon adjuvants on the physicochemical properties of ultrapure water

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

助剂

Adjuvant

浓度

Concen-tration/

(mg/L)

表面张力

Surface

tension/(mN/m2)

表面张力

变化率

Surface tension change rate/%

浓度

Concentration/

(mg/L)

接触角

Contact angle/(°)

接触角

变化率

Contact angle change rate/%

浓度

Concen-

tration/

(mg/L)

最大持流量

Maximum foliar

retention/

(mg/cm2)

最大持流量

变化率

Maximum foliar

retention change rate/%

超纯水

Ultrapure

water

072.33±0.09 a0.00037.84±0.85 a0.0007.49±1.06 cde0.00
Silwet8061030.50±0.46 e-57.835026.33±2.44 bc-30.41108.46±1.28 bcd12.99
10021.70±0.25 i-70.0010020.04±3.31 d-47.051009.96±0.41 ab32.97
1 00020.88±0.08 kl-71.141 0000.00±0.00 e-100.001 00010.63±0.98 a41.93
10 00020.73±0.07 l-71.34
Silwet8191036.62±0.39 c-49.375019.42±2.13 d-48.67106.41±0.38 ef-14.37
10023.78±0.03 g-67.1210018.31±1.18 d-51.611006.47±0.54 ef-13.58
1 00020.95±0.06 jkl-71.041 0000.00±0.00 e-100.001 0006.25±0.31 ef-16.54
10 00020.76±0.05 l-71.29
Silwet8201034.25±0.97 d-52.655028.97±0.62 b-23.44105.49±0.44 g-26.67
10022.49±0.06 h-68.9010025.38±2.01 c-32.931006.98±1.40 def-6.79
1 00021.49±0.01 ij-70.281 0000.00±0.00 e-100.001 0006.96±0.89 def-7.09
10 00021.30±0.05 ijkl-70.55
Silwet7101045.26±0.26 b-37.425025.25±1.89 c-33.29108.87±1.67 bc18.41
10025.70±0.53 f-64.4610023.85±3.29 c-36.991008.56±0.82 bcd14.27
1 00021.46±0.03 ijk-70.331 0002.04±1.79 e-94.611 0006.05±0.78 ef-19.19
10 00021.00±0.06 jkl-70.96
), ArticleFig(id=1266746468682588443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470775910453317, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

有机硅助剂对超纯水物理性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

助剂

Adjuvant

浓度

Concen-tration/

(mg/L)

表面张力

Surface

tension/(mN/m2)

表面张力

变化率

Surface tension change rate/%

浓度

Concentration/

(mg/L)

接触角

Contact angle/(°)

接触角

变化率

Contact angle change rate/%

浓度

Concen-

tration/

(mg/L)

最大持流量

Maximum foliar

retention/

(mg/cm2)

最大持流量

变化率

Maximum foliar

retention change rate/%

超纯水

Ultrapure

water

072.33±0.09 a0.00037.84±0.85 a0.0007.49±1.06 cde0.00
Silwet8061030.50±0.46 e-57.835026.33±2.44 bc-30.41108.46±1.28 bcd12.99
10021.70±0.25 i-70.0010020.04±3.31 d-47.051009.96±0.41 ab32.97
1 00020.88±0.08 kl-71.141 0000.00±0.00 e-100.001 00010.63±0.98 a41.93
10 00020.73±0.07 l-71.34
Silwet8191036.62±0.39 c-49.375019.42±2.13 d-48.67106.41±0.38 ef-14.37
10023.78±0.03 g-67.1210018.31±1.18 d-51.611006.47±0.54 ef-13.58
1 00020.95±0.06 jkl-71.041 0000.00±0.00 e-100.001 0006.25±0.31 ef-16.54
10 00020.76±0.05 l-71.29
Silwet8201034.25±0.97 d-52.655028.97±0.62 b-23.44105.49±0.44 g-26.67
10022.49±0.06 h-68.9010025.38±2.01 c-32.931006.98±1.40 def-6.79
1 00021.49±0.01 ij-70.281 0000.00±0.00 e-100.001 0006.96±0.89 def-7.09
10 00021.30±0.05 ijkl-70.55
Silwet7101045.26±0.26 b-37.425025.25±1.89 c-33.29108.87±1.67 bc18.41
10025.70±0.53 f-64.4610023.85±3.29 c-36.991008.56±0.82 bcd14.27
1 00021.46±0.03 ijk-70.331 0002.04±1.79 e-94.611 0006.05±0.78 ef-19.19
10 00021.00±0.06 jkl-70.96
), ArticleFig(id=1266746469106213150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470775910453317, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Toxicities of four organosilicon adjuvants to Aphis gossypii

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

有机硅助剂

Organosilicon adjuvant

斜率±标准误

Slope±SE

LC50/(mg/L)

相关系数

Correlation coefficient

95%置信区间

95% confidence interval/(mg/L)

Silwet8192.17±0.51294.240.949205.99-420.29
Silwet7102.03±0.20669.270.990556.04-805.56
Silwet8201.81±0.16259.360.993226.05-297.58
Silwet8062.14±0.31203.040.980162.30-254.01
), ArticleFig(id=1266746469215265055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470775910453317, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4种有机硅助剂对棉蚜的毒力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

有机硅助剂

Organosilicon adjuvant

斜率±标准误

Slope±SE

LC50/(mg/L)

相关系数

Correlation coefficient

95%置信区间

95% confidence interval/(mg/L)

Silwet8192.17±0.51294.240.949205.99-420.29
Silwet7102.03±0.20669.270.990556.04-805.56
Silwet8201.81±0.16259.360.993226.05-297.58
Silwet8062.14±0.31203.040.980162.30-254.01
), ArticleFig(id=1266746469521449248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470775910453317, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Synergistic effects of organosilicon adjuvants on the efficacies of sulfoxaflor and flonicamid

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

药剂

Insecticide

有机硅助剂

Organosilicon adjuvant

助剂量

Adjuvant

concentration/%

斜率±标准误

Slope±SE

LC50/(mg/L)

相关系数

Correlation coefficient

95%置信区间

95% confidence interval/(mg/L)

增效比

Synergistic ratio

氟啶虫胺腈

Sulfoxaflor

0.002.11±0.3511.420.9748.51-15.33-
Silwet8190.021.66±0.313.760.9672.61-5.413.03
Silwet7100.022.12±0.583.570.9322.05-6.233.20
Silwet8200.021.88±0.144.850.9944.30-5.442.35
Silwet8060.023.14±0.193.050.9962.71-3.433.74
Silwet8190.051.49±0.342.230.9511.29-3.865.12
Silwet7100.053.02±0.643.480.9582.39-5.093.28
Silwet8200.051.78±0.184.410.9903.69-5.262.59
Silwet8060.055.12±1.431.700.9300.70-4.146.71

氟啶虫酰胺

Flonicamid

0.001.50±0.314.480.9593.22-6.23-
Silwet8190.020.86±0.130.940.9770.49-1.814.77
Silwet7100.022.40±0.233.620.9912.99-4.391.24
Silwet8200.021.76±0.191.670.9891.38-2.032.68
Silwet8060.022.22±0.191.040.9930.84-1.294.31
Silwet8190.051.41±0.290.350.9590.14-0.8712.80
Silwet7100.051.84±0.512.340.9301.51-3.621.91
Silwet8200.051.77±0.261.620.9791.00-2.612.77
Silwet8060.051.47±0.470.700.9110.15-3.246.40
), ArticleFig(id=1266746469638889761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470775910453317, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

有机硅助剂对氟啶虫胺腈和氟啶虫酰胺的增效作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

药剂

Insecticide

有机硅助剂

Organosilicon adjuvant

助剂量

Adjuvant

concentration/%

斜率±标准误

Slope±SE

LC50/(mg/L)

相关系数

Correlation coefficient

95%置信区间

95% confidence interval/(mg/L)

增效比

Synergistic ratio

氟啶虫胺腈

Sulfoxaflor

0.002.11±0.3511.420.9748.51-15.33-
Silwet8190.021.66±0.313.760.9672.61-5.413.03
Silwet7100.022.12±0.583.570.9322.05-6.233.20
Silwet8200.021.88±0.144.850.9944.30-5.442.35
Silwet8060.023.14±0.193.050.9962.71-3.433.74
Silwet8190.051.49±0.342.230.9511.29-3.865.12
Silwet7100.053.02±0.643.480.9582.39-5.093.28
Silwet8200.051.78±0.184.410.9903.69-5.262.59
Silwet8060.055.12±1.431.700.9300.70-4.146.71

氟啶虫酰胺

Flonicamid

0.001.50±0.314.480.9593.22-6.23-
Silwet8190.020.86±0.130.940.9770.49-1.814.77
Silwet7100.022.40±0.233.620.9912.99-4.391.24
Silwet8200.021.76±0.191.670.9891.38-2.032.68
Silwet8060.022.22±0.191.040.9930.84-1.294.31
Silwet8190.051.41±0.290.350.9590.14-0.8712.80
Silwet7100.051.84±0.512.340.9301.51-3.621.91
Silwet8200.051.77±0.261.620.9791.00-2.612.77
Silwet8060.051.47±0.470.700.9110.15-3.246.40
), ArticleFig(id=1266746469919908130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470775910453317, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of organosilicon adjuvants on reduced application and enhanced efficacy of flonicamid under field conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

药剂用量

Dosage/(g (a.i.)/hm2)

助剂

Adjuvant

防治效果

Control efficacy/%

药后1 d

1 d after treatment

药后3 d

3 d after treatment

常规用量Conventional dosage75.0-39.68±0.40 c79.02±3.09 b

减量20%

20% reduced dosage

60.00.02% Silwet81954.46±7.69 abc76.13±8.53 b
60.00.02% Silwet80661.56±9.40 ab79.84±2.00 b
60.00.05% Silwet81963.92±8.74 ab86.79±2.18 ab
60.00.05% Silwet80671.87±3.77 a90.28±2.58 a

减量50%

50% reduced dosage

37.50.02% Silwet81945.69±6.45 bc76.51±1.01 b
37.50.02% Silwet80652.78±2.74 abc74.41±8.16 b
37.50.05% Silwet81961.75±2.67 ab82.07±1.58 ab
37.50.05% Silwet80666.80±2.80 a84.92±2.51 ab
), ArticleFig(id=1266746470020571427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470775910453317, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

有机硅助剂对氟啶虫酰胺的田间减量增效作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

药剂用量

Dosage/(g (a.i.)/hm2)

助剂

Adjuvant

防治效果

Control efficacy/%

药后1 d

1 d after treatment

药后3 d

3 d after treatment

常规用量Conventional dosage75.0-39.68±0.40 c79.02±3.09 b

减量20%

20% reduced dosage

60.00.02% Silwet81954.46±7.69 abc76.13±8.53 b
60.00.02% Silwet80661.56±9.40 ab79.84±2.00 b
60.00.05% Silwet81963.92±8.74 ab86.79±2.18 ab
60.00.05% Silwet80671.87±3.77 a90.28±2.58 a

减量50%

50% reduced dosage

37.50.02% Silwet81945.69±6.45 bc76.51±1.01 b
37.50.02% Silwet80652.78±2.74 abc74.41±8.16 b
37.50.05% Silwet81961.75±2.67 ab82.07±1.58 ab
37.50.05% Silwet80666.80±2.80 a84.92±2.51 ab
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有机硅助剂对杀虫剂防治棉蚜的增效作用
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刘向涛 1, 2 , 史雪芹 1, 2 , 崔丽 1 , 陆宴辉 1
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 519-526
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植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026, 53(2): 519-526
有机硅助剂对杀虫剂防治棉蚜的增效作用
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刘向涛1, 2, 史雪芹1, 2, 崔丽1 , 陆宴辉1
作者信息
  • 1.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 2.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

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Synergistic effects of organosilicon adjuvants on insecticides for the control of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
Xiangtao Liu1, 2, Xueqin Shi1, 2, Li Cui1 , Yanhui Lu1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
  • 2.College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025128
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为评价有机硅助剂对杀虫剂的增效作用,提高对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的田间防治效果,通过测定有机硅助剂Silwet819、Silwet806、Silwet820和Silwet710的溶液界面特性及其对棉蚜的毒力和对氟啶虫酰胺与氟啶虫胺腈的增效比,筛选出增效作用最显著的助剂,并通过田间药效试验评估其对氟啶虫酰胺的减施增效作用。结果表明:在4种有机硅助剂中,Silwet806对溶液表面张力的降低能力和对叶片上最大持留量的提升能力最佳,Silwet819对溶液在叶片上接触角的降低能力最佳;4种助剂对棉蚜均有一定的杀虫活性,对氟啶虫胺睛和氟啶虫酰胺均有增效作用,且增效作用与助剂的添加量呈正比,0.05%的Silwet819和Silwet806对氟啶虫胺睛的增效比最大,分别为5.12和6.71,对氟啶虫酰胺的增效比也最大,分别达12.80和6.40。选择Silwet806和Silwet819作为最佳助剂,可大幅提高氟啶虫酰胺防治棉蚜时的速效性;氟啶虫酰胺减量20%和50%时,添加0.02%的Silwet806和Silwet819后对棉蚜的防治效果可达常规用量水平,添加0.05%的Silwet806和Silwet819后对棉蚜的防治效果超过常规用量水平。表明有机硅助剂Silwet806和Silwet819通过改变药液物理性状,减少药剂流失,对氟啶虫酰胺和氟啶虫胺腈的增效作用最佳;在田间防治棉蚜时,添加0.02%~0.05%的Silwet819和Silwet806可减少20%~50%的氟啶虫酰胺施用量。

有机硅助剂  /  棉蚜  /  杀虫剂  /  增效比  /  减量增效

To evaluate the synergistic effects of organosilicon adjuvants on insecticides and improve the field control efficacy against the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, the interfacial properties of Silwet819, Silwet806, Silwet820 and Silwet710 were determined. Their toxicities to cotton aphids and their synergistic ratios with sulfoxaflor and flonicamid were determined to identify the most effective adjuvants. Field trials were further conducted to evaluate their effects on reducing the application rate of flonicamid while maintaining efficacy. The results showed that among the four adjuvants, Silwet806 exhibited the strongest ability to reduce surface tension and increase maximum retention on leaf surfaces, while Silwet819 showed the greatest reduction in contact angle of leaves. All four adjuvants displayed certain insecticidal activity against cotton aphids and exhibited synergistic effects with both sulfoxaflor and flonicamid, with synergistic effects positively correlated with adjuvant concentration. At 0.05%, the synergistic ratios of Silwet819 and Silwet806 with sulfoxaflor were 5.12 and 6.71, respectively, and their synergistic ratios with flonicamid reached 12.80 and 6.40, respectively. Silwet806 and Silwet819 were identified as the most effective adjuvants, significantly enhancing the rapid efficacy of flonicamid against cotton aphids. When the application rate of flonicamid was reduced by 20% or 50%, the addition of 0.02% Silwet806 or Silwet819 achieved control efficacy comparable to the conventional dosage, while 0.05% addition resulted in higher control efficacy than the conventional treatment. These results indicate that Silwet806 and Silwet819 are optimal synergists for sulfoxaflor and flonicamid by modifying the physicochemical properties of spray solutions and reducing pesticide loss. In field control of cotton aphids, the addition of 0.02%-0.05% Silwet806 or Silwet819 can reduce flonicamid usage by 20%-50%.

organosilicon adjuvants  /  Aphis gossypii  /  insecticides  /  synergistic ratio  /  reduced application and enhanced efficacy
刘向涛, 史雪芹, 崔丽, 陆宴辉. 有机硅助剂对杀虫剂防治棉蚜的增效作用. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 519 -526 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025128
Xiangtao Liu, Xueqin Shi, Li Cui, Yanhui Lu. Synergistic effects of organosilicon adjuvants on insecticides for the control of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 519 -526 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025128
棉蚜Aphis gossypii是棉花上的一种重大害虫,具有生长周期短、发生世代多、繁殖能力强等特点(姜玉英等,2015)。棉蚜通过刺吸式口器吸食棉花幼叶和嫩芽的汁液,导致叶片细胞受到破坏,生长不平衡,叶片向背面卷曲后皱缩,植株矮缩成拳头状。棉蚜分泌的蜜露易导致霉菌滋生,诱发煤污病,严重影响植物的光合作用(Webb et al.,2017)。此外,棉蚜还能传播多种植物致病性病毒,对作物造成严重损害(王斌等,2003)。目前,棉蚜防治仍以化学防治为主,然而长期单一的化学防治模式导致害虫抗药性问题日益严峻(梁彦等,2013)。田间抗性监测结果表明,棉蚜对吡虫啉等新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性倍数高达上万倍,抗药性的演化严重制约了棉蚜化学防治的持续发展(崔丽等,2016马康生等,2021王新霞等,2025)。农药与增效助剂联合使用是提高药剂防治效果、降低农药用量、延缓害虫抗药性的有效途径之一。因此,筛选或开发有明显增效作用的助剂具有重要的现实意义。
有机硅表面活性剂在农业领域常被用作农药桶混助剂或不同农药剂型的配方助剂,其具有调控药液界面物理特性、增强植物表皮渗透力等特点(徐妍等,2007胡冬松等,2011)。有机硅助剂作为重要的喷雾助剂常与杀虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂等复配以提升防治效果,例如有机硅助剂Silwet618与啶虫脒联合使用对绣线菊蚜Aphis spiraecola的增效比高达210.2倍(李北兴等,2017);有机硅助剂Agrowet 820与氟磺胺草醚联合使用对苘麻Abutilon theophrasti的防治效果可提高23.04%(张忠亮等,2015);多菌灵和烯唑醇可湿性粉剂与有机硅助剂联合使用不仅能够防控玉米顶腐病还可兼治玉米瘤黑粉病(邢会琴等,2011)。氟啶虫胺腈是一种烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体竞争性调节剂,氟啶虫酰胺是弦音器烟酰胺酶抑制剂,通过抑制害虫的取食及排泄过程达到防治目的,两者对蚜虫、盲蝽和飞虱等各种刺吸式口器害虫均具有良好的防治效果(苏建亚,2019王伟等,2023Wang et al.,2023)。开发作用机制新颖的杀虫剂并与有机硅助剂复配使用是提高防治效果、延缓棉蚜抗性的有效途径。
本研究通过测定4种有机硅助剂的溶液界面性质探究其对药剂的增效机理;通过室内毒力测定评价不同浓度有机硅助剂对氟啶虫胺腈和氟啶虫酰胺的增效作用,从中筛选增效作用显著的助剂,并进一步通过田间药效试验评价其对棉蚜主流防治药剂氟啶虫酰胺的增效作用,以期为有机硅助剂在棉田的推广应用以及对抗性棉蚜的高效防控提供理论和技术支撑。
供试棉蚜和棉花:棉蚜种群由南京农业大学馈赠,于中国农业科学院植物保护研究所农药抗性组实验室内用棉花幼苗继代饲养,期间无任何杀虫剂污染,取3日龄无翅成蚜供试;室内试验用的棉花品种为中棉49,培养至幼苗期供试;两者均在温度(25±1) ℃、相对湿度(50±5)%、光周期16 L∶8 D条件下培养。田间试验用的棉花品种为新陆早74号,以上两种棉花种子均购自当地农资店。
供试助剂和药剂:有机硅助剂Silwet819、Silwet806、Silwet820和Silwet710,迈图有机硅材料(上海)有限公司。95.9%氟啶虫胺睛(sulfoxaflor)原药,科迪华农业科技有限责任公司;98.5%氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)原药,山东省联合农药工业有限公司。
试剂和仪器:本研究所用试剂均为国产分析纯。Clever-S超纯系统,芷昂仪器(上海)有限公司;DCAT25SF表面张力仪,德国Dataphyscis公司;LSA100视频光学接触角张力测量仪,德国Lauda Scientific公司;背负式电动喷雾器,山东曲阜科瑞机械有限公司。
利用Clever-S超纯系统制备超纯水,用超纯水将Silwet819、Silwet806、Silwet820和Silwet710共4种助剂稀释成系列浓度,以超纯水作为空白对照。利用DCAT25SF表面张力仪测定液体表面张力,4种助剂浓度均设置为10、100、1000、1 0000 mg/L,测定前用空白对照校准;以LSA100视频光学接触角张力测量仪测定接触角,4种助剂浓度均设置为50、100、1 000 mg/L。每个处理重复3次。
参考袁会珠等(2000)方法测定叶面最大稳定持留量RM,用直径2.5 cm的打孔器截取幼苗期中棉49的叶片,根据打孔器的半径计算叶片面积S,称取浸渍前叶片质量W0,夹持叶片垂直放入各助剂稀释溶液中5 s,4种助剂浓度均设置为10、100、1 000 mg/L,迅速提出叶片并垂直悬置,待其不再有液滴下落时,称量浸渍后叶片质量W1RM=(W1-W0)×1 000/S。每个处理重复3次。
采用浸渍法测定有机硅助剂对供试棉蚜的室内毒力。将4种有机硅助剂分别用超纯水配制成50、100、200、400、800、1 200、1 600 mg/L的稀释液,以超纯水为空白对照,每个浓度设置3个重复。分别选择棉蚜3日龄无翅成蚜和形态相近的幼苗期中棉49的叶片,每个叶片背面保留30~40头成蚜。将叶片浸入上述各助剂稀释液中3~5 s,快速取出置于滤纸上,晾干表面多余药液。24 h后观察棉蚜死亡情况,用毛笔轻触棉蚜虫体,完全不动或只有一条足动,但不能站立者视为死亡。采用DPS 7.05软件计算毒力回归方程、斜率、致死中浓度LC50及95%置信区间。
将氟啶虫胺腈原药和氟啶虫酰胺原药用丙酮溶解配制成1%的母液备用,分别将4种有机硅助剂用超纯水配制成0.02%和0.05%的溶液备用。分别用0.02%和0.05%的有机硅助剂水溶液将氟啶虫胺腈母液配制成1、2、4、8、16、32 mg/L的稀释液,将氟啶虫酰胺母液配制成0.1、0.5、1、2、4 、8 mg/L的稀释液,以超纯水稀释母液为对照组。采用浸渍法测定4种助剂对氟啶虫胺腈和氟啶虫酰胺的增效作用,棉蚜处理方法同1.2.2,24 h后观察棉蚜死亡情况。计算校正死亡率、药剂和有机硅助剂联合使用对棉蚜的LC50以及有机硅助剂对氟啶虫酰胺和氟啶虫胺腈的增效比。校正死亡率=(处理死亡率-对照死亡率)/(1-对照死亡率)×100%,增效比=杀虫剂对棉蚜的LC50/杀虫剂和有机硅助剂联合对棉蚜的LC50
田间药效试验地点位于新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)塔城地区沙湾市柳毛湾镇皇渠庙村,种植的棉花品种为新陆早74号,种植密度为25.2万株/hm2,采用膜下滴灌、1膜4行栽培模式。各小区的棉花长势和田间管理措施一致。待棉花株高约55 cm时,以田间防治棉蚜应用最广泛的氟啶虫酰胺为试验对象,以基于1.2.1~1.2.3结果筛选的增效作用最佳的Silwet819和Silwet806为助剂,分析二者对氟啶虫酰胺防治棉蚜的减量增效作用。以不添加助剂的氟啶虫酰胺常规用量75 g (a.i.)/hm2处理为对照,设定氟啶虫酰胺减量20%(60 g (a.i.)/hm2)和减量50%(37.5 g (a.i.)/hm2)两个药剂剂量处理,再于减量基础上分别添加0.02%和0.05%的Silwet819和Silwet806有机硅助剂,即试验共设9个处理,每个处理重复4次,每个重复1个小区,共36个小区,每个小区大小为宽4 m×长6 m,区组间设置2行0.6~0.8 m宽的保护行。使用背负式电动喷雾器以30 kg/hm2的用水量均匀喷雾上述9个处理药液。在施药前1 d、施药后1 d和3 d调查蚜虫存活数量,采用五点法进行调查,计算虫口减退率和药剂防治效果。虫口减退率=(药前虫口基数-药后虫口数)/药前虫口基数×100%;防治效果=(处理区虫口减退率-对照区虫口减退率)/(1-对照区虫口减退率)×100%。
采用PSS 26.0软件进行试验数据的统计分析,应用Duncan氏新复极差法进行差异显著性检验。
有机硅助剂Silwet806、Silwet819、Silwet820和Silwet710溶液的表面张力均显著低于对照组,并均随着助剂浓度的升高而降低,其中Silwet806对溶液表面张力的降低作用最显著(表1)。当浓度为1 000 mg/L时,Silwet806、Silwet819、Silwet820和Silwet710均达到临界胶束浓度,溶液趋于稳定,对应的表面张力分别为20.88、20.95、21.49和21.46 mN/m2,助剂对表面张力的降低率分别为71.14%、71.04%、70.28%和70.33%(表1)。
4种助剂溶液在棉花叶片上的接触角均显著低于对照组,且同样与助剂浓度呈负相关,其中Silwet819对接触角的降低作用最显著(表1)。1 000 mg/L的助剂溶液接触叶片40 s后,Silwet710处理的接触角减小为2.04°,Silwet806、Silwet819和Silwet820处理的接触角减小为0°,表明助剂降低超纯水接触角的能力从大到小为Silwet819>Silwet806>Silwet710>Silwet820(表1)。
4种助剂溶液在棉花叶片上的最大稳定持留量随助剂浓度变化不一致,Silwet806对溶液在叶片上的最大稳定持留量提升作用最显著,且与助剂的添加量呈正相关,100 mg/L和1 000 mg/L Silwet806处理的最大持留量均显著高于对照,助剂浓度为1 000 mg/L时,最大持留量较对照增加了41.93%(表1)。
Silwet806对棉蚜的毒力最高,LC50为203.04 mg/L;Silwet820、Silwet819和Silwet710对棉蚜的LC50分别为259.36、294.24和669.27 mg/L(表2),表明这4种有机硅助剂对棉蚜均有一定的毒力。
4种有机硅助剂均能提高氟啶虫胺腈对棉蚜的毒力,且其增效作用与助剂的添加量呈正相关关系。0.02%添加量下,Silwet806对氟啶虫胺腈的增效作用高于其余3个助剂,增效比达到3.74;Silwet710和Silwet819的增效作用次之,增效比分别为3.20和3.03;Silwet820的增效比为2.35(表3)。0.05%添加量下,Silwet806对氟啶虫胺腈的增效作用最高,该处理下药剂对棉蚜的LC50降低至1.70 mg/L,增效比达6.71;Silwet819的增效作用弱于Silwet806,增效比为5.12;Silwet710和Silwet820的增效比分别为3.28和2.59(表3)。
4种有机硅助剂均能提高氟啶虫酰胺对棉蚜的毒力,其增效作用同样随助剂添加量的增加而增大。0.02%和0.05%的添加量下,Silwet819对氟啶虫酰胺的增效比均最高,分别为4.77和12.80,0.05% Silwet819与氟啶虫酰胺联用对棉蚜的LC50降低至0.35 mg/L,对药剂的增效作用明显高于其余3种助剂(表3)。0.02%的Silwet806、Silwet820和Silwet710对氟啶虫酰胺的增效比分别为4.31、2.68和1.24,而0.05%的Silwet806、Silwet820和Silwet710对氟啶虫酰胺的增效比分别为6.40、2.77和1.91(表3)。
氟啶虫酰胺75 g (a.i.)/hm2常规用量下,药后1 d和3 d对棉蚜的防治效果分别为39.68%和79.02%;药剂减量20%(60 g (a.i.)/hm2)和50%(37.5 g (a.i.)/hm2)基础上分别添加0.02%和0.05%的Silwet806和Silwet819后,对棉蚜的防治效果可以达到甚至超过氟啶虫酰胺常规用量的防治效果,因此两种有机硅助剂均对氟啶虫酰胺有明显的增效作用,其中,Silwet806对氟啶虫酰胺的增效作用优于Silwet819(表4)。并且,添加助剂大幅提高了氟啶虫酰胺对棉蚜的速效性,如减量20%时添加0.05% Silwet806处理后1 d的防治效果已接近常规用量处理后3 d的防治效果(表4)。
与氟啶虫酰胺常规用量(75 g (a.i.)/hm2)处理相比,氟啶虫酰胺减量20%(60 g (a.i.)/hm2)后添加Silwet806和Silwet819,药后1 d对棉蚜的防治效果提高了14.78~32.19百分点,其中,0.02%的Silwet819和Silwet806与氟啶虫酰胺60 g (a.i.)/hm2(减量20%)联合处理下,对棉蚜的防治效果与氟啶虫酰胺常规用量的防治效果接近;0.05% Silwet806和氟啶虫酰胺60 g (a.i.)/hm2(减量20%)联合处理下,药后1 d对棉蚜的防治效果高达71.87%,显著高于常规用量对照;药后3 d的防治效果达到90.28%,较常规用量对照提高了11.26百分点(表4)。
有机硅助剂Silwet806和Silwet819与氟啶虫酰胺37.5 g (a.i.)/hm2(减量50%)联合使用下,药后1 d对棉蚜的防治效果高于氟啶虫酰胺常规用量对照,防治效果可提高6.01~27.12百分点,其中,0.05%的Silwet819和Silwet806对氟啶虫酰胺的增效作用显著,药后1 d棉蚜的防治效果可达61.75%和66.80%,显著高于常规用量对照;药后3 d,氟啶虫酰胺减量50%基础上添加Silwet806或Silwet819处理下,对棉蚜的防治效果与氟啶虫酰胺常规用量对照相当或略有提高(表4)。
植物叶片表皮的蜡质层疏水性较强,不利于药液在叶片上附着,在农药中加入合适的表面活性剂是延长药剂附着时间和附着量的关键(刘婷婷等,2021)。药液的表面张力和最大持留量是影响其附着的关键因素,当药液表面张力低于植物临界表面张力时,药液在植物表面湿润吸附,反之,药液在植物表面收缩并弹跳,造成液滴的流失(Wang et al.,2018)。杨石有等(2019)发现随着Silwet408质量浓度的增加,螺螨酯和哒螨灵药液表面张力逐渐减小,扩展直径和最大持流量逐渐增大,对木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus的增效作用提升,这与本研究结果一致。本研究发现超纯水物理性状同样受有机硅助剂及其浓度的影响,Silwet806和Silwet819对水溶液表面张力、接触角的降低能力和最大持留量的提升能力最佳,这与其对药剂的增效作用结果(Silwet806>Silwet819>Silwet710>Silwet820)一致,推测Silwet806和Silwet819助剂通过降低药液的表面张力和接触角,提高药液在叶片上的润湿、铺展性能,进而提升药剂在棉花叶片上的附着量,从而提高药剂的杀虫活性。有机硅助剂的优点是湿润性好,能使药液在叶面迅速铺展,且黏附性好,抗雨水冲刷力强,能通过减小液滴与叶面之间的接触角,降低药液的表面张力,增加药液的扩展直径,提高药液的持流量,使喷雾药液通过叶面气孔时更易被吸收,最终达到提高药效的目的(袁会珠和齐淑华,1998王明等,2019)。
在棉蚜抗药性日益加剧的背景下(Wang et al.,20202022),助剂对化学农药的协同增效作用以及在棉蚜抗药性治理中的作用亟待深入研究。本研究发现有机硅助剂Silwet806和Silwet819对氟啶虫酰胺具有减量增效作用,当氟啶虫酰胺减量20%和50%时,添加0.02%的Silwet806和Silwet819对棉蚜的防治效果可达常规用药水平,而添加0.05%的Silwet806和Silwet819对药剂具有明显的增效作用。其中,0.05% Silwet806与氟啶虫酰胺联合使用对棉蚜的防治效果最佳,氟啶虫酰胺减量20%和0.05% Silwet806联合使用对棉蚜的防治效果较其常规用量对照可提高11.26~32.19百分点。田间防控石榴上的西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis和黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis时,添加有机硅助剂Silwet408同样可使450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂用量减少20%(杨小龙等,2024);Silwet408与减量10%的氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂联合使用也能显著提高药剂对番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta的防治效果(杨石有等,2024),这与本研究结果一致。本研究结果表明,4种有机硅助剂对棉蚜均有一定的毒力,此外有机硅助剂可以通过降低药液接触角和表面张力提升药液最大持留量,与杀虫剂复配表现出明显的增效作用。其中,Silwet806和Silwet819对氟啶虫胺腈和氟啶虫酰胺的室内增效作用最显著,田间喷施氟啶虫酰胺防治棉蚜时推荐添加0.05% Silwet806或Silwet819助剂,以提高药剂对棉蚜的田间防治效果,实现化学农药减施增效。
棉田生态系统中滋养着大量天敌资源,这些天敌对蚜虫等重大棉花害虫具有较好的控制作用(Zhang et al.,2004),在棉花害虫综合治理中发挥着重要功能。保护利用天敌及提高天敌生物控害作用不仅可以减少化学药剂的使用频次和投入总量,延缓害虫的抗药性演化,而且有助于保持农田生态系统的稳定(陆宴辉,2012)。李祥涛(2023)报道10%氟啶虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂对烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis与异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis的益害比分别为55.22和8.88,表明氟啶虫酰胺对天敌的安全性较高,该药剂有利于开展生物防治与化学防治相协调的综合防治。此外,本课题组前期研究结果表明有机硅助剂Silwet806和Silwet819对新疆棉田优势捕食性天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性高,田间推荐剂量的Silwet806和Silwet819对亲代多异瓢虫的化蛹率、羽化率及卵孵化率均无显著影响(刘向涛等,2025)。因此,氟啶虫酰胺与有机硅助剂Silwet806、Silwet819联合使用在有效防治靶标害虫的同时,可显著降低化学药剂对天敌的杀伤作用,解决棉田化学防治与天敌持续利用融合度差的难题,有助于提高新疆棉田的益害比,充分发挥生物防治等非化学防治技术的防控功能,减少化学农药的使用次数和使用量。
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-15-20)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1400300)
  • 中国农业科学院重大科技任务资助项目(CAAS-ZDRW202412)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025128
  • 接收时间:2025-09-10
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-15-20)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1400300)
中国农业科学院重大科技任务资助项目(CAAS-ZDRW202412)
作者信息
    1.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京 100193
    2.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwbhxb/CN/10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025128
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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