Article(id=1266470684290073244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025115, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754582400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879741022, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879741022, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879741022, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879741022, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879723857, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=367, endPage=382, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470684751446686, articleId=1266470684290073244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Identification of grapevine root rot and screening of antagonistic bacterial strains in Ningxia wine grape growing region, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To identify the pathogens causing grapevine root rot in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Ningxia) and to explore indigenous antagonistic microorganisms for developing biocontrol agents, grapevine samples with root rot symptoms were collected from representative winery vineyards in five cities and counties of Ningxia. The pathogens were identified through isolation, identification and pathogenicity tests. Using the more virulent pathogens as indicator strains and the wine grape cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon as the experimental material, the biocontrol efficacy of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy grapevines was evaluated through plate confrontation assays, mycelial growth inhibition tests and pot experiments. The results showed that the pathogens causing grapevine root rot in Ningxia were Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Neofusicoccum parvum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, among which R. solani, N. parvum and L. theobromae are new records as pathogens of grapevine root rot. Fusarium acuminatum, R. solani, N. parvum and L. theobromae exhibited stronger pathogenicity. A total of 62 bacterial and actinomycete strains with distinct colony morphologies were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy grapevines, and four strains exhibiting over 60% inhibitory activity against all four highly pathogenic fungi were selected, namely Bacillus velezensis, Streptomyces alfalfae, Amycolatopsis orientalis and Streptomyces griseus. Among these, the 10.0% sterile culture filtrate of B. velezensis exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against the four pathogens tested, with inhibition rates ranging from 80.56% to 84.65%, and its volatile compounds exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against L. theobromae, with an inhibition rate of 73.67%. The three antagonistic actinomycetes showed differential inhibitory effects against different pathogens. Inoculation with the four antagonistic strains via wounded root irrigation inhibited grapevine root rot to varying degrees and promoted an increase in root branch number, indicating that these four antagonistic strains exhibit significant growth-promoting and disease-suppressing effects and possess potential for development as biocontrol agents against grape root rot.

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为明确宁夏回族自治区(简称宁夏)酿酒葡萄根腐病的病原菌种类,挖掘当地土著拮抗微生物研发生防菌剂,从宁夏5个市县代表性酒庄葡萄园采集感根腐病葡萄样品,通过分离鉴定及回接试验明确病原菌种类,并以其中致病性较强的病原菌为指示菌,以酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠为材料,采用平板对峙试验、菌丝生长抑制试验和盆栽试验检测从健康葡萄根际土壤中分离纯化的细菌和放线菌的生防效果。结果表明:宁夏酿酒葡萄根腐病病原菌有锐顶镰刀菌Fusarium acuminatum、腐皮镰刀菌Fusarium solani、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、小新壳梭孢菌Neofusicoccum parvum和可可毛色二孢菌Lasiodiplodia theobromae,其中立枯丝核菌、小新壳梭孢菌和可可毛色二孢菌为葡萄根腐病病原菌的新记录种,且锐顶镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌、小新壳梭孢菌和可可毛色二孢菌的致病性较强。从健康葡萄根际土壤中共分离到62株菌落形态特征存在差异的菌株,筛选得到对上述4种致病性较强的病原菌均具有60%以上抑制率的4株细菌和放线菌菌株,经鉴定分别为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis、苜蓿链霉菌Streptomyces alfalfae、东方拟无枝酸菌Amycolatopsis orientalis和灰色链霉菌Streptomyces griseus;其中贝莱斯芽胞杆菌的10.0%无菌培养液对4种供试病原菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率达到80.56%~84.65%,其挥发性物质对可可毛色二孢菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率达到73.67%;而3株拮抗放线菌菌株对不同病原菌的抑制作用有差异;采用伤根灌根法接种4株拮抗菌株均能不同程度抑制葡萄根腐病发生并促进根系分枝数量增加,说明筛选到的这4株拮抗菌株有良好的防病促生作用,具有开发为葡萄根腐病生防菌剂的潜力。

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Canopy growth and productivity of Jatropha genotypes. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38(1): 135, articleTitle=Canopy growth and productivity of Jatropha genotypes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746570176357194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=189, issue=null, pageStart=105445, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=7, authorNames=García-López H, Palafox-Félix M, Juan Ordaz-Ortiz J, Guevara-Domínguez P, del Refugio Robles-Burgueño M, Vázquez-Moreno L, Hernández-Ortiz M, Encarnación-Guevara S, Huerta-Ocampo JÁ, Cabrera R, journalName=Biological Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=García-López H, Palafox-Félix M, Juan Ordaz-Ortiz J, Guevara-Domínguez P, del Refugio Robles-Burgueño M, Vázquez-Moreno L, Hernández-Ortiz M, Encarnación-Guevara S, Huerta-Ocampo , Cabrera R. 2024. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals that Amycolatopsis sp. 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Screening and identification of three strains of Bacillus and their biocontrol effects on ginseng rust rot disease. 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Study on the relationship between wine grape quality of different ripeness and meteorological conditions at the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia. Liaoning Agricultural Sciences, (6): 23-28 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571292042074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=23, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=23, authorNames=李荣, 李春艳, 朱婷艳, 牛宏宇, journalName=辽宁农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李荣, 李春艳, 朱婷艳, 牛宏宇. 2024. 宁夏贺兰山东麓不同熟性酿酒葡萄品质与气象条件的关系研究. 辽宁农业科学, (6): 23-28, articleTitle=宁夏贺兰山东麓不同熟性酿酒葡萄品质与气象条件的关系研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571350762331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=1356, pageEnd=1364, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=24, authorNames=Liu CW, Wang F, Bian XC, Xu RC, Lu HC, Wu CF, journalName=Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu CW, Wang F, Bian XC, Xu RC, Lu HC, Wu CF. 2025. Identification, biological characteristics and fungicide screening of pathogen causing broad bean root rot. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 34(7): 1356-1364 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571426259804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=1356, pageEnd=1364, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=25, authorNames=刘陈玮, 王凡, 卞晓春, 徐仁超, 陆红臣, 吴春芳, journalName=西北农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘陈玮, 王凡, 卞晓春, 徐仁超, 陆红臣, 吴春芳. 2025. 蚕豆根腐病病原菌鉴定与生物学特性及室内防治药剂筛选. 西北农业学报, 34(7): 1356-1364, articleTitle=蚕豆根腐病病原菌鉴定与生物学特性及室内防治药剂筛选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571484980061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=8, pageStart=2186, pageEnd=2195, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=26, authorNames=Liu SL, Yang DJ, Niu XQ, Yang FS, Qin WQ, journalName=Journal of Southern Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu SL, Yang DJ, Niu XQ, Yang FS, Qin WQ. 2022. Identification and fermentation condition optimization of antagonistic bacteria against Lasiodiplodia theobromae . 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Amycolatopsis mongoliensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium with antifungal activity isolated from a coal mining site in Mongolia. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 74(2): DOI:10.1099/ijsem.0.006266, articleTitle=Amycolatopsis mongoliensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium with antifungal activity isolated from a coal mining site in Mongolia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571673723744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=26, issue=null, pageStart=139, pageEnd=148, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Pavlic-Zupanc D, Maleme HM, Piškur B, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Slippers B, journalName=Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pavlic-Zupanc D, Maleme HM, Piškur B, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Slippers B. 2017. Diversity, phylogeny and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae on non-native Eucalyptus grown in an urban environment: a case study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 26: 139-148, articleTitle=Diversity, phylogeny and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae on non-native Eucalyptus grown in an urban environment: a case study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571736638305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=12, pageStart=2757, pageEnd=2764, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=30, authorNames=Song B, Wen GQ, He Y, journalName=Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song B, Wen GQ, He Y. 2024. Isolation and identification of mango pathogen and screening of its antagonistic Bacillus . Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 37(12): 2757-2764 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571807941474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=12, pageStart=2757, pageEnd=2764, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=31, authorNames=宋波, 文国琴, 何瑶, journalName=西南农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋波, 文国琴, 何瑶. 2024. 芒果病原菌的分离鉴定及生防芽孢杆菌的筛选. 西南农业学报, 37(12): 2757-2764, articleTitle=芒果病原菌的分离鉴定及生防芽孢杆菌的筛选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746571870856035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=1672, pageEnd=1682, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Song LQ, Ao J, Liu XH, Hu QQ, Li Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song LQ, Ao J, Liu XH, Hu QQ, Li Y. 2025. 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Isolation, identification and functional study of antagonistic endophytic bacteria against Pinellia ternata damping off (Rhizoctonia solani). Journal of Southern Agriculture, 54(11): 3277-3291 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572122514278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=54, issue=11, pageStart=3277, pageEnd=3291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=35, authorNames=苏杭, 成胜, 孟祥佳, 韦远标, 吕国荣, 周燚, 黄江荣, journalName=南方农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏杭, 成胜, 孟祥佳, 韦远标, 吕国荣, 周燚, 黄江荣. 2023. 半夏立枯病菌拮抗内生细菌的分离鉴定及功能分析. 南方农业学报, 54(11): 3277-3291, articleTitle=半夏立枯病菌拮抗内生细菌的分离鉴定及功能分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572231566183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=15, issue=2, pageStart=26, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Walker GE, journalName=South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Walker GE. 2017. Growth of grapevine rootlings in soil from a field nursery naturally infested with Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani . South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture, 15(2): 26-32, articleTitle=Growth of grapevine rootlings in soil from a field nursery naturally infested with Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572336423784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=245, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=37, authorNames=Wang GQ, Du XQ, Ma C, Zhu TT, Zheng R, Yue SJ, journalName=Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang GQ, Du XQ, Ma C, Zhu TT, Zheng R, Yue SJ. 2023. Identification of the pathogen causing root rot of Lycium barbarum and screening of antagonists. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 41(6): 245-253 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572432892777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=245, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=38, authorNames=王国琴, 杜雪倩, 马聪, 朱滕滕, 郑蕊, 岳思君, journalName=干旱地区农业研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王国琴, 杜雪倩, 马聪, 朱滕滕, 郑蕊, 岳思君. 2023. 枸杞根腐病病原菌鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选. 干旱地区农业研究, 41(6): 245-253, articleTitle=枸杞根腐病病原菌鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572504195946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=39, authorNames=Wang Q, journalName=Diagnosis and identification of fungal species associated with grapevine trunk and root diseases. 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Beijing: Beijing University of Agriculture (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572575499115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=40, authorNames=王淇, journalName=葡萄枝干和根部真菌性病害的诊断与病原鉴定. 硕士学位论文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王淇. 2024. 葡萄枝干和根部真菌性病害的诊断与病原鉴定. 硕士学位论文. 北京: 北京农学院, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572650996588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=78, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=41, authorNames=Wang XN, Dong WJ, Zhen ZX, journalName=Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang XN, Dong WJ, Zhen ZX. 2024. Screening and application of biological bacteria for grape root rot diseases in greenhouses. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 44(5): 78-87 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572718105453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=78, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=42, authorNames=王旭楠, 董文静, 甄志先, journalName=山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王旭楠, 董文静, 甄志先. 2024. 温室中葡萄根腐病的生防菌筛选及应用. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 44(5): 78-87, articleTitle=温室中葡萄根腐病的生防菌筛选及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572806185838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=53, issue=5, pageStart=64, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=43, authorNames=Wang YP, He J, Chen W, Wang B, Zhang CQ, Li N, Li RY, Yan YK, journalName=Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YP, He J, Chen W, Wang B, Zhang CQ, Li N, Li RY, Yan YK. 2025. Study on the antifungal and plant-growth promotion effects of Bacillus velezensis G18. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 53(5): 64-75 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572885877615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=53, issue=5, pageStart=64, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=44, authorNames=王玉鹏, 何静, 陈伟, 王斌, 张崇庆, 李南, 李瑞芸, 颜宇科, journalName=西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王玉鹏, 何静, 陈伟, 王斌, 张崇庆, 李南, 李瑞芸, 颜宇科. 2025. 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌G18的抑菌及促生作用研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 53(5): 64-75, articleTitle=贝莱斯芽孢杆菌G18的抑菌及促生作用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746572944597872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.13327/j.jjlau.2024.20427, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=45, authorNames=Xia ZJ, Wu MJ, Zhang X, Lei FJ, Zhang AH, journalName=Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia ZJ, Wu MJ, Zhang X, Lei FJ, Zhang AH. 2024. Effects of Bacillus subtilis GS-2-6 siderophore on the growth and development of ginseng black spot pathogen. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573011706737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.13327/j.jjlau.2024.20427, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=46, authorNames=夏忠洁, 吴梦佳, 张馨, 雷锋杰, 张爱华, journalName=吉林农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏忠洁, 吴梦佳, 张馨, 雷锋杰, 张爱华. 2024. 枯草芽孢杆菌GS-2-6铁载体对人参黑斑病菌生长发育的影响. 吉林农业大学学报,, articleTitle=枯草芽孢杆菌GS-2-6铁载体对人参黑斑病菌生长发育的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573083009906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=98, issue=11, pageStart=1581, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=47, authorNames=Xie HH, Wei JG, Liu F, Pan XH, Yang XB, journalName=Plant Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie HH, Wei JG, Liu F, Pan XH, Yang XB. 2014. First report of mulberry root rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China. Plant Disease, 98(11): 1581, articleTitle=First report of mulberry root rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573150118771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=54, issue=1, pageStart=102, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=48, authorNames=Xing QK, Wang XF, Peng JB, Zhang W, Yan JY, Li YH, journalName=Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xing QK, Wang XF, Peng JB, Zhang W, Yan JY, Li YH. 2024. Prediction and pathogenicity analysis of non-classical secreted proteins in the whole genome of Lasiodiplodia theobromae . Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 54(1): 102-115 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573221421940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=54, issue=1, pageStart=102, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=49, authorNames=邢启凯, 王欣芳, 彭军波, 张玮, 燕继晔, 李永华, journalName=植物病理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邢启凯, 王欣芳, 彭军波, 张玮, 燕继晔, 李永华. 2024. 可可毛色二孢菌全基因组非经典分泌蛋白的预测及致病相关性分析. 植物病理学报, 54(1): 102-115, articleTitle=可可毛色二孢菌全基因组非经典分泌蛋白的预测及致病相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573275947893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=7, pageStart=1557, pageEnd=1567, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=50, authorNames=Xiu JQ, Yang SB, Zhao SJ, Li WY, Maimaiti Y, Li M, Kang BS, Liu LM, Gu QS, Wu HJ, journalName=Journal of Fruit Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiu JQ, Yang SB, Zhao SJ, Li WY, Maimaiti Y, Li M, Kang BS, Liu LM, Gu QS, Wu HJ. 2025. Identification of antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa K5 against watermelon Fusarium wilt and its role in disease suppression and plant growth promotion. Journal of Fruit Science, 42(7): 1557-1567 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573347251062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=7, pageStart=1557, pageEnd=1567, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=51, authorNames=修筠清, 杨士兵, 赵胜杰, 李文扬, 玉山江·麦麦提, 李萌, 康保珊, 刘莉铭, 古勤生, 吴会杰, journalName=果树学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=修筠清, 杨士兵, 赵胜杰, 李文扬, 玉山江·麦麦提, 李萌, 康保珊, 刘莉铭, 古勤生, 吴会杰. 2025. 西瓜枯萎病拮抗菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa的鉴定及防病促生作用. 果树学报, 42(7): 1557-1567, articleTitle=西瓜枯萎病拮抗菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa的鉴定及防病促生作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573418554231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=55, issue=4, pageStart=662, pageEnd=680, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=52, authorNames=Xu YX, Cheng H, Hu XJ, Qin C, Gao YZ, journalName=Scientia Sinica (Technologica), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu YX, Cheng H, Hu XJ, Qin C, Gao YZ. 2025. Fitness costs of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Scientia Sinica (Technologica), 55(4): 662-680 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573477274488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=55, issue=4, pageStart=662, pageEnd=680, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=53, authorNames=徐燕星, 程浩, 胡小婕, 秦超, 高彦征, journalName=抗生素耐药基因质粒的适应性代价研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐燕星, 程浩, 胡小婕, 秦超, 高彦征. 2025. 抗生素耐药基因质粒的适应性代价研究. 中国科学: 技术科学, 55(4): 662-680, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573535994745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=42, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=54, authorNames=Yang XJ, Ma N, Li L, Zhang SH, journalName=Journal of Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang XJ, Ma N, Li L, Zhang SH. 2017. Antimicrobial active ingredient mycelia from Streptomyces griseus YD3309. Journal of Microbiology, 37(5): 42-46 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573598909306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=42, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=55, authorNames=杨晓军, 马娜, 李丽, 张少华, journalName=微生物学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨晓军, 马娜, 李丽, 张少华. 2017. 灰色链霉菌YD3309菌丝体抗菌活性成分研究. 微生物学杂志, 37(5): 42-46, articleTitle=灰色链霉菌YD3309菌丝体抗菌活性成分研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573661823867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=5, pageStart=1713, pageEnd=1731, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=56, authorNames=Yang YZ, Fan KQ, Wang HY, Xiang LJ, Zhang SP, Zhao Y, Pan GH, journalName=Microbiology China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang YZ, Fan KQ, Wang HY, Xiang LJ, Zhang SP, Zhao Y, Pan GH. 2024. Secondary metabolic potential of Amycolatopsis and development of gene editing systems for representative strains. Microbiology China, 51(5): 1713-1731 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573737321340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=5, pageStart=1713, pageEnd=1731, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=57, authorNames=杨英哲, 范可强, 王海燕, 向丽军, 张书平, 赵燕, 潘国辉, journalName=微生物学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨英哲, 范可强, 王海燕, 向丽军, 张书平, 赵燕, 潘国辉. 2024. 拟无枝酸菌属次级代谢潜能分析及代表菌株基因编辑体系建立. 微生物学通报, 51(5): 1713-1731, articleTitle=拟无枝酸菌属次级代谢潜能分析及代表菌株基因编辑体系建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573812818813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=107, issue=4, pageStart=1238, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=58, authorNames=Zhang J, Zhou YY, Li XH, Zhang W, Li YH, Wang XD, Yan JY, journalName=Plant Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Zhou YY, Li XH, Zhang W, Li YH, Wang XD, Yan JY. 2023. First report of Fusarium commune associated with a root rot of grapevine in China. Plant Disease, 107(4): 1238, articleTitle=First report of Fusarium commune associated with a root rot of grapevine in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746573879927678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=629, pageEnd=643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=59, authorNames=Zhou LR, Ma XL, Ding FF, Nan ZD, Guo X, Li CL, Shen XH, Xu JR, Jiang ZB, journalName=Genomics and Applied Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou LR, Ma XL, Ding FF, Nan ZD, Guo X, Li CL, Shen XH, Xu JR, Jiang ZB. 2023. Sequencing and analysis of Amycolatopsis sp. QT-25 from Helan Mountain. Genomics and Applied Biology, 42(6): 629-643 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746574039311231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=629, pageEnd=643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=60, authorNames=周乐瑞, 马晓莉, 丁范范, 南泽东, 郭鑫, 李舂龙, 沈晓华, 许建韧, 江志波, journalName=基因组学与应用生物学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周乐瑞, 马晓莉, 丁范范, 南泽东, 郭鑫, 李舂龙, 沈晓华, 许建韧, 江志波. 2023. 贺兰山拟无枝酸菌QT-25的测序和分析. 基因组学与应用生物学, 42(6): 629-643, articleTitle=贺兰山拟无枝酸菌QT-25的测序和分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746574139974528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=6, pageStart=66, pageEnd=72, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=61, authorNames=Zhu HY, Ma Y, Ke Y, Li B, journalName=Biotechnology Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu HY, Ma Y, Ke Y, Li B. 2021. Screening and identification of an antagonist against the pathogen of kiwifruit canker and its antifungal activity to the phytopathogenic fungus. Biotechnology Bulletin, 37(6): 66-72 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746574362272641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=6, pageStart=66, pageEnd=72, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=62, authorNames=朱海云, 马瑜, 柯杨, 李勃, journalName=生物技术通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱海云, 马瑜, 柯杨, 李勃. 2021. 猕猴桃溃疡病菌拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其对植物病原真菌的抗性. 生物技术通报, 37(6): 66-72, articleTitle=猕猴桃溃疡病菌拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其对植物病原真菌的抗性, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1266746569392022337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, awardId=2023BCF01026, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1266746569467519810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, awardId=2024BBF02006, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏重点研发计划项目(2024BBF02006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1266746551725613817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746551738196730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, companyId=1266746551725613817, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746551759168251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, companyId=1266746551725613817, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1266746552149238524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746552161821437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, companyId=1266746552149238524, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yinchuan Forest & Garden Pest Quarantine Inspection Station, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746552174404350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, companyId=1266746552149238524, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.银川市林业(园林)有害生物检疫检验站,银川 750021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1266746567244538669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Symptoms of grapevine root rot in filed in Ningxia, figureFileSmall=2uYl1y0XP8teQReBnxkPFg==, figureFileBig=egWr4ywYwgMnn3dDRpoNxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746567320036142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图1, caption=宁夏葡萄根腐病的田间症状

A:健康葡萄植株;B:感病葡萄植株;C:感病葡萄叶片变黄,叶片沿边缘焦灼;D:健康葡萄根部形态;E~G:感病葡萄根茎部和根系坏死、腐烂,变为黑褐色。A: Healthy grapevine plants; B: diseased grapevine plants; C: yellowing leaves with scorched edges on diseased grapevine plants; D: root morphology of healthy grapevine plants; E-G: necrosis and rot in the root collar and root system of grapevines, turning dark brown in color.

, figureFileSmall=2uYl1y0XP8teQReBnxkPFg==, figureFileBig=egWr4ywYwgMnn3dDRpoNxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746567710106415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Morphological characteristics (A-B) and ITS sequence phylogenetic tree analysis (C) of five isolated strains, figureFileSmall=ozHdbL/liNwoDUMalclUmg==, figureFileBig=GcGM8OuYBbW4cHJzywuahQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746567814964016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图2, caption=5株代表菌株的形态特征(A~B)及基于ITS序列的系统发育树分析(C)

A1~A5:菌株FR18、FR25、FR13、FR2、XXK的菌落形态;B1~B5:菌株FR18、FR25、FR13、FR2、XXK的分生孢子和菌丝形态;C:采用邻接法构建的系统发育树。A1-A5: Colony morphology of pathogenic bacteria FR18, FR25, FR13, FR2, and XXK in sequence; B1-B5: conidia and hyphal morphology of pathogenic bacteria FR18, FR25, FR13, FR2, and XXK in sequence; C: the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method.

, figureFileSmall=ozHdbL/liNwoDUMalclUmg==, figureFileBig=GcGM8OuYBbW4cHJzywuahQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746567877878577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Pathogenicity verification of five representative isolated strains, figureFileSmall=65AQeZdzZfwUsD6kIRu/Fw==, figureFileBig=9u8xpZZRlkNsRzsK+i6zXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568221811506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图3, caption=5株代表性分离菌株的致病性验证

A:接种后葡萄植株症状;B:接种后葡萄根茎部和根系坏死、腐烂,变为黑褐色;C:重分离菌株的菌落形态。A: Symptoms of diseased grapevine plants after inoculated; B: necrosis and rot of root collar and root system of diseased grapevine plants inoculated, showing dark brown discoloration; C: colony morphology of re-isolated strains.

, figureFileSmall=65AQeZdzZfwUsD6kIRu/Fw==, figureFileBig=9u8xpZZRlkNsRzsK+i6zXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568284726067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Inhibitory effects of rhizosphere-isolated strains on the growth of grapevine root rot pathogens (A) and morphological identification of antagonistic strains (B-C), figureFileSmall=ZuKMuO7x0FCs/Nae/tLH2Q==, figureFileBig=aU1EGZp2FCLd7E7xj7F2lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568351834932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图4, caption=葡萄根际分离菌株对供试葡萄根腐病病原菌生长的抑制作用(A)及其形态学鉴定(B~C)

A:条带越长、颜色越深表示抑制率越高;B:前3个为OA培养基,最后1个为YPME固体培养基;C:从左至右分别为GA、PYEB、YPME、OA、NA和LB固体培养基,上排为正面,下排为反面。A: A longer and darker band indicates a higher inhibition rate; B: the first three are OA medium, and the last one is YPME solid medium; C: left to right are GA, PYEB, YPME, OA, NA and LB solid media, top row are front side; bottom row are back side.

, figureFileSmall=ZuKMuO7x0FCs/Nae/tLH2Q==, figureFileBig=aU1EGZp2FCLd7E7xj7F2lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568431526709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Phylogenetic analysis of antagonistic strains and related strains based on 16S rDNA sequences using the neighbor-joining method, figureFileSmall=eYzdG+HRy5Q3aLOnHhnpgQ==, figureFileBig=Hi2O9K/N3XFpl1ebQ2Xuag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568557355830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于16S rDNA序列以邻接法构建拮抗菌株及相关菌株的系统发育分析, figureFileSmall=eYzdG+HRy5Q3aLOnHhnpgQ==, figureFileBig=Hi2O9K/N3XFpl1ebQ2Xuag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568645436215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Inhibition of pathogen hyphal growth by 5-day antagonistic strain culture filtrates, figureFileSmall=aOuXuVQ2PBEAegOx81E/Aw==, figureFileBig=wJS+us3VPiuE1BuA+b+BSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568704156472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图6, caption=培养5 d的拮抗菌株无菌培养液对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用, figureFileSmall=aOuXuVQ2PBEAegOx81E/Aw==, figureFileBig=wJS+us3VPiuE1BuA+b+BSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568762876729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effects of sterile culture filtrates of biocontrol strains on pathogenic fungal hyphae, figureFileSmall=xfQ1mwPniOo1pr5h5feaeg==, figureFileBig=dnFLAWc9E6cbXPUUVFym0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568829985594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图7, caption=拮抗菌株无菌培养液对病原菌菌丝的影响

A~D:对照组菌丝形态;E:NVA-42无菌培养液处理,箭头所示为菌丝出现扭曲肿胀;F:NVA-43无菌培养液处理,箭头所示为菌丝出现肿胀;G:NVA-37无菌培养液处理,箭头所示为菌丝扭曲肿胀、破裂后细胞质外溢并产生大量空泡;H:NVA-60无菌培养液处理,箭头所示为菌丝出现扭曲肿胀。A-D: Hyphal morphology of the control groups; E: after treatment with NVA-42 sterile culture solution, hyphae exhibited twisted and swollen, which marked with an arrow; F: after treatment with NVA-43 sterile culture solution, hyphae showed swelling, which marked with an arrow; G: after treatment with NVA-37 sterile culture solution, hyphae displayed twisted and swollen, ruptured cytoplasm leakage, and produced a large number of vacuoles, which marked with an arrow; H: after treatment with NVA-60 sterile culture solution, hyphae manifested twisted and swollen, which marked with an arrow.

, figureFileSmall=xfQ1mwPniOo1pr5h5feaeg==, figureFileBig=dnFLAWc9E6cbXPUUVFym0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568909677371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Inhibitory effect of volatile compounds on hyphal growth of pathogenic fungi, figureFileSmall=cYEF9jeJZQ8oTiYmKdv+Ow==, figureFileBig=d7wnsopjuEznlh3d9rwM6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746568985174844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图8, caption=拮抗菌株挥发性物质对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用

图中数据为平均数±标准差。*、**和***表示经t检验法检验差异显著(P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001)。 Data are mean±SD. *, ** or *** indicates significant difference by t test (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001).

, figureFileSmall=cYEF9jeJZQ8oTiYmKdv+Ow==, figureFileBig=d7wnsopjuEznlh3d9rwM6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746569052283709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Pot control efficacy of biocontrol strains against grapevine root rot in pot experiments, figureFileSmall=ctv1xXdbsebJ829ubQANYg==, figureFileBig=/Mg/PRdNFFbUP5uQ1e15MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746569123586878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图9, caption=拮抗菌株对葡萄根腐病的盆栽防效

Q:锐顶镰刀菌;R:立枯丝核菌;S:可可毛色二孢菌;T:小新壳梭孢菌;Q: F. acuminatu; R: R. solani; S: L. theobromaes; T: N. paryum.

, figureFileSmall=ctv1xXdbsebJ829ubQANYg==, figureFileBig=/Mg/PRdNFFbUP5uQ1e15MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746569182307135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Effect of antagonistic bacterial strains on root branching of potted grapevine plants, figureFileSmall=e8Dh//HvhW8U43dlj+uyBg==, figureFileBig=giIcQqPbglTMnD3TWYg3qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746569257804608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470684290073244, language=CN, label=图10, caption=4株拮抗菌株对盆栽葡萄苗的促生作用

图中数据为平均数±标准差。**和***表示经t检验法检验差异显著(P<0.01和P<0.001)。 Data are mean±SD. ** or *** indicates significant difference by t test (P<0.01 or P<0.001).

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宁夏酿酒葡萄根腐病病原鉴定及其拮抗菌株筛选
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辛颖 1, 2 , 赵楠 1 , 刘冠兰 1 , 蒲占悦 1 , 王一冬 1 , 顾沛雯 1
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 367-382
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植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026, 53(2): 367-382
宁夏酿酒葡萄根腐病病原鉴定及其拮抗菌株筛选
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辛颖1, 2, 赵楠1, 刘冠兰1, 蒲占悦1, 王一冬1, 顾沛雯1
作者信息
  • 1.宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021
  • 2.银川市林业(园林)有害生物检疫检验站,银川 750021

通讯作者:

Identification of grapevine root rot and screening of antagonistic bacterial strains in Ningxia wine grape growing region
Ying Xin1, 2, Nan Zhao1, Guanlan Liu1, Zhanyue Pu1, Yidong Wang1, Peiwen Gu1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
  • 2.Yinchuan Forest & Garden Pest Quarantine Inspection Station, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025115
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为明确宁夏回族自治区(简称宁夏)酿酒葡萄根腐病的病原菌种类,挖掘当地土著拮抗微生物研发生防菌剂,从宁夏5个市县代表性酒庄葡萄园采集感根腐病葡萄样品,通过分离鉴定及回接试验明确病原菌种类,并以其中致病性较强的病原菌为指示菌,以酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠为材料,采用平板对峙试验、菌丝生长抑制试验和盆栽试验检测从健康葡萄根际土壤中分离纯化的细菌和放线菌的生防效果。结果表明:宁夏酿酒葡萄根腐病病原菌有锐顶镰刀菌Fusarium acuminatum、腐皮镰刀菌Fusarium solani、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、小新壳梭孢菌Neofusicoccum parvum和可可毛色二孢菌Lasiodiplodia theobromae,其中立枯丝核菌、小新壳梭孢菌和可可毛色二孢菌为葡萄根腐病病原菌的新记录种,且锐顶镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌、小新壳梭孢菌和可可毛色二孢菌的致病性较强。从健康葡萄根际土壤中共分离到62株菌落形态特征存在差异的菌株,筛选得到对上述4种致病性较强的病原菌均具有60%以上抑制率的4株细菌和放线菌菌株,经鉴定分别为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis、苜蓿链霉菌Streptomyces alfalfae、东方拟无枝酸菌Amycolatopsis orientalis和灰色链霉菌Streptomyces griseus;其中贝莱斯芽胞杆菌的10.0%无菌培养液对4种供试病原菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率达到80.56%~84.65%,其挥发性物质对可可毛色二孢菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率达到73.67%;而3株拮抗放线菌菌株对不同病原菌的抑制作用有差异;采用伤根灌根法接种4株拮抗菌株均能不同程度抑制葡萄根腐病发生并促进根系分枝数量增加,说明筛选到的这4株拮抗菌株有良好的防病促生作用,具有开发为葡萄根腐病生防菌剂的潜力。

葡萄根腐病  /  病原鉴定  /  拮抗细菌  /  拮抗放线菌  /  抑制作用  /  生物防治  /  宁夏

To identify the pathogens causing grapevine root rot in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Ningxia) and to explore indigenous antagonistic microorganisms for developing biocontrol agents, grapevine samples with root rot symptoms were collected from representative winery vineyards in five cities and counties of Ningxia. The pathogens were identified through isolation, identification and pathogenicity tests. Using the more virulent pathogens as indicator strains and the wine grape cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon as the experimental material, the biocontrol efficacy of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy grapevines was evaluated through plate confrontation assays, mycelial growth inhibition tests and pot experiments. The results showed that the pathogens causing grapevine root rot in Ningxia were Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Neofusicoccum parvum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, among which R. solani, N. parvum and L. theobromae are new records as pathogens of grapevine root rot. Fusarium acuminatum, R. solani, N. parvum and L. theobromae exhibited stronger pathogenicity. A total of 62 bacterial and actinomycete strains with distinct colony morphologies were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy grapevines, and four strains exhibiting over 60% inhibitory activity against all four highly pathogenic fungi were selected, namely Bacillus velezensis, Streptomyces alfalfae, Amycolatopsis orientalis and Streptomyces griseus. Among these, the 10.0% sterile culture filtrate of B. velezensis exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against the four pathogens tested, with inhibition rates ranging from 80.56% to 84.65%, and its volatile compounds exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against L. theobromae, with an inhibition rate of 73.67%. The three antagonistic actinomycetes showed differential inhibitory effects against different pathogens. Inoculation with the four antagonistic strains via wounded root irrigation inhibited grapevine root rot to varying degrees and promoted an increase in root branch number, indicating that these four antagonistic strains exhibit significant growth-promoting and disease-suppressing effects and possess potential for development as biocontrol agents against grape root rot.

grapevine root rot  /  pathogen identification  /  antagonistic bacteria  /  antagonistic actinomycetes  /  inhibitory effect  /  biological control  /  Ningxia
辛颖, 赵楠, 刘冠兰, 蒲占悦, 王一冬, 顾沛雯. 宁夏酿酒葡萄根腐病病原鉴定及其拮抗菌株筛选. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 367 -382 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025115
Ying Xin, Nan Zhao, Guanlan Liu, Zhanyue Pu, Yidong Wang, Peiwen Gu. Identification of grapevine root rot and screening of antagonistic bacterial strains in Ningxia wine grape growing region[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 367 -382 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025115
酿酒葡萄是宁夏回族自治区(简称宁夏)大力发展的六大特色产业之一,截至2023年底宁夏种植酿酒葡萄面积已达4.013 3万hm2,葡萄酒产业在当地农民增收和区县经济发展中发挥着重要作用(李荣等,2024)。然而,随着酿酒葡萄种植面积的扩大和种植年限的延长,由多种病原菌引发的葡萄根腐病发生严重,给当地酿酒葡萄产业造成了极大损失。葡萄根腐病病原复杂,王淇(2024)研究认为主要是由镰刀菌属Fusarium真菌引起,优势种有尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum、层出镰刀菌F. proliferatum、锐顶镰刀菌F. acuminatumF. cugenangense等,其中锐顶镰刀菌为国内新记录种。Walker(1997)证实立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani对葡萄具有致病性,可以侵染定殖于葡萄根部并引起根系腐烂。近年来也有报道证实葡萄座腔菌科的可可毛色二孢菌Lasiodiplodia theobromae和小新壳梭孢菌Neofusicoccum parvum也可引起果树和观赏植物根腐病的发生,如可可毛色二孢菌可侵染桑树(Xie et al.,2014)、槟榔(刘双龙等,2022)等果树引发根腐病,小新壳梭孢菌可引发常春藤根腐病(Akbarpour et al.,2021)。葡萄根腐病一般发生在6月中下旬,7—8月进入高发期,病原菌会随灌溉水蔓延,防治难度极大。农药与抗生素依然是目前防治果树根腐病的重要手段,生产上多以灌根方式施用乙蒜素、链霉素、申嗪霉素、多菌灵、恶霉灵、敌克松等杀菌剂,但过度使用化学农药会造成生态环境污染并影响食品安全,生物农药防治既能有效避免这些问题,又具有改良土壤微生态的潜在优势,是防治果树根腐病最有效的途径。
在宁夏,经常联合使用根腐病生防菌剂进行葡萄根腐病防治,但防治效率低,这与生防菌在根际土壤中的定殖能力相关。生防菌在土壤或植物根内的定殖能力是影响其生物防治效果的关键因素(宋立群等,2025)。与外源微生物相比,土著微生物因适应本土环境而更具定殖优势(韩琴等,2024),因此从土壤土著微生物中筛选根腐病的生防菌株具有重要意义。目前,国内对葡萄根腐病生防菌的研究较少,仅王旭楠等(2024)筛选到1株耐盐芽胞杆菌Bacillus halotolerans,该菌株对葡萄根腐病具有生防作用。而针对由镰刀菌引起的棉花、枸杞、玉米等其他植物的根腐病,获得了解淀粉芽胞杆菌B. amyloliquefaciens和枯草芽胞杆菌B. subtilis王国琴等,2023)、贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B. velezensis王玉鹏等,2025)、拟无枝酸菌Amycolatopsis spp.(García-López et al.,2024)等生防菌。刘双龙等(2022)以可可毛色二孢菌为靶标菌获得了槟榔根腐病生防菌铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa苏杭等(2023)以立枯丝核菌为靶标菌获得了半夏立枯病生防菌贝莱斯芽胞杆菌。但这些研究均只测定了拮抗菌株对单一病原菌的抑制作用,缺少对多种病原菌抑制作用的研究。
本研究在宁夏5个市县代表性酒庄葡萄园采集疑似感染根腐病的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠病样,通过组织分离法和致病性验证明确酿酒葡萄根腐病病原的种类,在此基础上,以致病性较强的根腐病病原菌为靶标,从健康酿酒葡萄根际土壤中筛选具有多重拮抗作用的土著拮抗菌,对其进行鉴定并研究其抑菌机制,以期为宁夏酿酒葡萄根腐病的生物防治提供多靶标、高适应性的菌种资源。
供试病样:于2023年7—8月在宁夏银川市贺兰县观兰酒庄、永宁县立兰酒庄、青铜峡市皇蔻酒庄、石嘴山市贺东庄园和红寺堡东方裕兴酒庄这5个市县代表性酒庄葡萄园,采集疑似感染根腐病的葡萄根茎部、根系溃烂组织。酿酒葡萄品种为赤霞珠,树龄为8~10年,株行距为3 m,树高约2 m。每个葡萄园采集病样各5份,3次重复,共计采集45份病样。用无菌小刀取病健交界的韧皮部、根系样品分别收集于自封袋内,4 ℃保存供试。
供试葡萄:健康酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠的1年生自根苗由宁夏农垦玉泉营苗木繁育有限公司提供,移栽至装有灭菌营养土的高17 cm、直径16 cm的花盆中,每盆1株,于温室中在自然条件下培育21 d后,挑选长势一致的健康株供试。
供试土壤样品:于上述5个市县代表性酒庄采集健康赤霞珠葡萄植株根际土壤。土壤样品采用五点取样法采集,挖出根部后抖落大块土壤,使用无菌毛刷将附着在根部的土壤刷到无菌纸上按份装入无菌袋。每株葡萄苗根际采集土样1份,重复3次,样品带回实验室于4 ℃保存供试。
供试培养基:马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar,PDA)培养基,北京陆桥技术股份有限公司;改良高氏一号(Gauze’s synthetic agar,GA)培养基、胰蛋白胨酵母提取物肉汤(peptone yeast extract broth,PYEB)培养基、PYEB固体培养基、酵母膏麦芽提取物(yeast paste malt extract,YPME)培养基、YPME固体培养基、燕麦片琼脂(oatmeal agar,OA)培养基、营养琼脂(nutrient agar,NA)培养基、Luria-Bertani(LB)液体培养基、LB固体培养基、马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤(potato dextrose broth,PDB)培养基、淀粉酶检测培养基、蛋白酶检测培养基、羧甲基纤维素钠培养基、铁载体检测培养基、蒙金娜有机磷培养基、蒙金娜无机磷培养基、亚历山鲍罗夫培养基、阿须贝固体培养基,青岛高科技工业园海博生物技术有限公司;β-葡聚糖酶检测培养基、PDA-愈创木酚培养基,北京酷来搏科技有限公司。
试剂和仪器:真菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒、细菌DNA提取试剂盒(D3350),美国Omega Bio-Tek公司;Trans 2K DNA Marker,北京全式金生物技术有限公司;2×Rapid Taq PCR Super Mix,南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。LRH-300-G恒温培养箱,上海叶拓科技有限公司;T100 Thermal Cycler PCR扩增仪,美国Bio-Rad公司;BX51光学显微镜,日本Olympus公司;DYY-6C电泳仪,北京六一仪器厂;NanoDrop2000超微量分光光度计,美国赛默飞世尔科技公司;Z36HK型高速冷冻离心机,贺默(上海)仪器科技有限公司;ZWY-1102C型恒温培养振荡器,上海智诚分析仪器制造有限公司;ZF-258型全自动凝胶成像分析系统,上海嘉鹏科技有限公司。
于2023年8月上旬在1.1所述的5个葡萄园中进行根腐病的实地调查,采用五点取样法进行调查,每个葡萄园调查25株。采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离。用无菌小刀在采集的每份病样病健交界处切取1 cm×1 cm组织块,并接种至PDA培养基上,26 ℃暗培养7 d,用灭菌接种针从菌落边缘挑取少量菌丝接种至新的PDA培养基上进行纯化培养。根据菌落特征确定单一菌种,将菌种保存于PDA斜面,于4 ℃保存备用。
将纯化后的病原菌转接至PDA培养基上,28 ℃暗培养7 d,记录菌落形态、颜色,在光学显微镜下观察孢子形态及产孢情况,每株菌株观察15个视野。经形态学观察将病原菌可分为5类,从每类中选择1株代表菌株进行分子生物学鉴定。使用真菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒参照说明书提取各代表菌株的基因组DNA作为模板,利用引物ITS1(5'-T-CCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGC-3')/ITS4(5'-TCCTCC-GCTTATTGATATGC-3')进行ITS序列的PCR扩增。本研究所有引物均由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。25 μL PCR反应体系:2×Rapid Taq PCR Super Mix 12.5 μL、上下游引物各1 μL、DNA模板1 μL、ddH2O 9.5 μL。扩增程序:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸90 s,共35个循环;72 ℃终延伸7 min。取PCR产物送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序,将测序结果在NCBI数据库进行BLAST对比分析,下载相似度高的相关菌株ITS序列,采用邻接法构建各代表菌株的系统进化树,Bootstrap设1 000次重复。
采用柯赫氏法则对病原菌进行致病性验证。将1.2.2所选代表菌株分别接种于PDB培养基中,于28 ℃、150 r/min条件下培养7 d,制成106 CFU/mL菌悬液。将生长21 d的健康葡萄植株根部周围土壤挖开,用灭菌刀片划伤根部,浇灌上述制备好的代表菌株菌悬液,每盆浇灌100 mL,以灌入等量PDB培养基为对照,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1株。灌菌后每5 d浇1次水,待植株出现明显发病症状后,用1.2.1方法再次分离并纯化病原菌,观察分离物的形态是否与原接种菌株一致,完成致病性验证。
将采集的健康葡萄植株根际土壤过筛混匀后除去杂质,每份土壤样品取5 g加入45 mL无菌水,28 ℃、180 r/min条件下振荡60 min,静置后将其稀释为5个浓度梯度10-1~10-5。分别吸取各稀释浓度土液100 µL涂布在LB固体培养基和GA培养基上分离细菌和放线菌,细菌于30 ℃培养1~2 d后观察菌落形态;放线菌于28 ℃培养5~7 d后观察菌落形态。挑取形态、颜色及透明度等不相同的单菌落在OA培养基上于28 ℃下纯化。
以1.2.3中致病表型较显著的4株葡萄根腐病病原菌菌株为靶标菌,采用平板对峙法对上述分离纯化的根际菌株进行抑菌活性测定。采用1.2.2方法进行4株病原菌菌株的培养,用直径5 mm的无菌打孔器在菌落边缘打取菌饼供试。分别取1个病原菌菌饼接种至PDA平板中央,采用四点法将根际分离菌株分别接种至距离中心位置2.25 cm的四角处,以只接种病原菌的PDA培养基为对照,每个处理3次重复,每个重复为1皿。28 ℃暗培养至对照的病原菌菌丝铺满整个平板,采用十字交叉法测量病原菌半径,计算根际分离菌株的抑制率。抑制率=(对照菌落半径-处理菌落半径)/对照菌落半径×100%。
将1.2.4筛选到的拮抗菌株采用划线法分别接种在GA、OA、NA、PYEB、YPME、LB固体平板上,28 ℃暗培养5 d,观察各菌株的菌落生长情况、颜色,对细菌菌体细胞和放线菌气生菌丝进行革兰氏染色观察。每株菌株3次重复。
参照修筠清等(2025)方法将1.2.4筛选到的拮抗菌株点接至淀粉酶检测培养基、β-葡聚糖酶检测培养基、蛋白酶检测培养基、羧甲基纤维素钠培养基、铁载体检测培养基、PDA-愈创木酚培养基、蒙金娜有机磷培养基、蒙金娜无机磷培养基、亚历山鲍罗夫培养基、阿须贝固体培养基平板上,28 ℃培养5 d。观察平板是否产生水解圈,以判断是否产生淀粉酶、葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、漆酶等胞外酶,以及是否具有解有机磷、解无机磷、解钾、产嗜铁素和固氮等促生能力。每株菌株3次重复。
使用细菌DNA提取试剂盒(D3350)参照说明书提取1.2.4筛选到的拮抗菌株DNA。利用通用引物27F(5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′)和1492R(5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)对拮抗菌株的16S rDNA序列进行PCR扩增。50 µL PCR反应体系:2×Rapid Taq PCR Super Mix 25 µL、DNA模板1 µL、上下游引物各1 µL,加入ddH2O补足体积至50 µL。反应条件:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸90 s,共30个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min,4 ℃保温。PCR产物经1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行双向测序,拼接后获得各菌株相对应的16S rDNA序列;将序列上传至NCBI数据库进行BLAST比对分析,采用Mega 11软件以邻接法构建各菌株的系统进化树,Bootstrap设置1 000次重复。
将1.2.4筛选到的拮抗细菌接种于LB液体培养基中,拮抗放线菌接种于YPME液体培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min条件下振荡培养5 d,在4 ℃下以10 000×g离心10 min取上清液,使用0.22 µm微孔滤膜过滤得到无菌培养液。将无菌培养液与PDA培养基以体积比融合制成终浓度为10.0%、5.0%和2.5%的含药培养基,以不加无菌培养液的PDA培养基为对照,分别在培养基中心位置接种供试4种根腐病病原菌菌饼,病原菌选择和处理方法同1.2.4。每个处理3次重复,每个重复1皿。于28 ℃暗培养,待对照病原菌长满培养基时,采用十字交叉法测量菌落半径,计算抑制率。同时,挑取各处理平板上病原菌的菌丝尖端进行显微观察,观察15个视野。
采用对扣法(何雪等,2024)测定拮抗菌挥发性有机物的抑菌效果。将1.2.4筛选到的拮抗细菌与放线菌分别采用划线法接种至LB和YPME固体培养基上,28 ℃培养3 d备用;取供试4种根腐病病原菌的直径5 mm菌饼分别接种于PDA平板中央。将接种拮抗菌株与病原菌的培养皿分别对扣并封口,以空白培养皿与接种病原菌的培养皿对扣并封口为对照。28 ℃暗培养至对照的病原菌菌丝长满培养皿,采用十字交叉法测量菌落半径,计算抑制率。
将1.2.4筛选到的拮抗细菌接种于LB液体培养基中,拮抗放线菌接种于YPME液体培养基中,分别于37 ℃、150 r/min条件下培养96 h获得拮抗菌悬液。取供试4种根腐病病原菌接种于PDB培养基中,28 ℃、150 r/min条件下培养5 d获得病原菌菌悬液。挑选长势一致的生长21 d盆栽葡萄苗,采用伤根灌根法进行接种,方法同1.2.3,以每盆单独接入100 mL病原菌培养液为对照;处理组在每盆接入100 mL拮抗菌培养液7 d后再接入100 mL病原菌培养液,培养方法同1.2.3。每个处理3次重复,每个重复1盆。培养15 d后观察植株地上部表型,并将葡萄盆栽苗脱盆,轻轻抖落根系上的土壤,观察受根部侵染状况。根据王旭楠等(2024)葡萄根腐病严重度分级标准统计病级株数,计算病情指数和相对防效。病情指数=∑(各级病株数×各级代表值)/(调查总株数×最高级代表值)×100;相对防效=(对照组病情指数-处理组病情指数)/对照组病情指数×100%。
挑选长势一致的生长14 d的葡萄盆栽苗,每盆以拮抗菌培养液进行灌根处理,每盆灌入100 mL,培养液制备方法同1.2.10;以接入等量蒸馏水的盆栽苗为对照。培养条件同1.2.3,培养15 d后观察地上部表型,并将葡萄盆栽苗脱盆,轻轻抖落根系上的土壤,统计根部分枝个数,分析拮抗菌株的促生效果。
采用Excel 2021和SPSS 27.0软件对试验数据进行统计分析,应用t检验法进行差异显著性检验。
经实地调查后发现宁夏葡萄根腐病主要危害根颈部和根系,病原菌侵染破坏植株根部组织,导致植株汲取水分和养分的路径受阻,根腐病发生严重的老果园,部分植株干枯死亡。与健康植株相比较(图1-A),植株发病时地上部叶片颜色变淡、发黄,逐渐沿叶缘、叶尖焦枯,直至整株叶片焦灼干枯(图1-B~C);与健康植株根系相比较(图1-D),发病根部的典型症状为主根系皮层坏死,颜色变为褐色至黑褐色,细根溃烂(图1-E~G)。
本研究从采集的感病酿酒葡萄根茎部和根系共分离到61株菌株,初步按照菌落形态分为5大类。其中有54株属于镰刀菌属,可细分为2类,每类各有35株和19株;有3株属于丝核菌属Rhizoctonia;有3株属于毛色二孢菌属Lasiodiplodia;有1株属于壳梭孢菌属Neofusicoccum。每类选1株代表菌株进行后续试验,编号分别为FR2、FR13、FR18、FR25和XXK。
2株镰刀菌属菌株FR18和FR25的菌落均呈灰白色,菌丝呈绒毛状密集生长,菌株FR18成熟菌丝呈粉红色放射状线性生长,菌株FR25成熟菌丝呈肉粉色均匀生长(图2-A1~A2);2株镰刀菌的分生孢子均呈镰刀形,但菌株FR18分生孢子细长,顶端尖锐(图2-B1),而菌株FR25分生孢子较粗壮,顶端钝圆或稍尖(图2-B2)。丝核菌属菌株FR13菌落初期为白色或浅灰色,后期变为褐色至深褐色(图2-A3),菌丝粗壮,分枝处形成隔膜,且分枝与主菌丝呈近直角,分枝基部明显缢缩(图2-B3)。毛色二孢菌属菌株FR2菌落初期为白色至灰白色,菌丝稀疏,生长后期变为深灰色至黑色,菌丝变浓密,气生菌丝发达(图2-A4);分生孢子初期单孢、透明、近圆形,逐渐成熟变为褐色、双孢有纵纹(图2-B4)。壳梭孢菌属菌株XXK菌落初期为白色至灰白色,菌丝稀疏,边缘整齐,生长后期变为灰黑色,菌丝变浓密,气生菌丝发达(图2-A5);分生孢子单胞,无色透明,椭圆形或纺锤形(图2-B5)。
测序获得各菌株的ITS有效序列,利用邻接法构建系统发育树。结果显示,菌株FR25与腐皮镰刀菌F. solani聚为一支,自举支持值为100%;菌株FR18与锐顶镰刀菌聚为一支,自举支持值为99%;菌株XXK与小新壳梭孢菌聚为一支,自举支持值为100%;菌株FR2与可可毛色二孢菌聚为一支,自举支持值为97%;菌株FR13与立枯丝核菌聚为一支,自举支持值为100%(图2-C)。结合形态学特征和ITS序列系统发育分析结果,将以菌株FR25为代表的35株菌株鉴定为腐皮镰刀菌F. solani,以菌株FR18为代表的19株菌株鉴定为锐顶镰刀菌F. acuminatum,菌株XXK鉴定为小新壳梭孢菌N. parvum,以菌株FR2为代表的3株菌株鉴定为可可毛色二孢菌L. theobromae,以菌株FR13为代表的3株菌株被鉴定为立枯丝核菌R. solani
与健康葡萄植株相比,菌株FR2、FR13、FR18、FR25和XXK对酿酒葡萄赤霞珠均有致病性,灌根7 d后植株顶部幼嫩叶片边缘处开始出现发黄、萎蔫现象,40 d后叶片相继由叶缘向内焦枯,整株叶片变黄(图3-A);感病植株根茎部切面可见韧皮部和木质部褐变坏死,且根部坏死病斑沿木质部向根茎部方向渐进性蔓延,最终导致病株根系组织呈现黑褐色腐烂坏死(图3-B)。为进一步明确致病菌种类,对病变组织进行了病原菌再分离,所得菌株形态特征与原接种菌株一致(图3-C)。
从健康酿酒葡萄根际土壤中共分离纯化得到62株菌落形态特征存在差异的菌株,以致病性较强的病原菌FR18FR13FR2和XXK为靶标菌,对分离的62株菌株进行抑制活性测定,筛选得到4株抑制率均大于60%的拮抗菌,分别为NVA-37、NVA-42、NVA-43和NVA-60(图4-A)。革兰氏染色结果显示4株拮抗菌株均为阳性菌,且在GA、OA、NA、PYEB、YPME和LB固体培养基上长势良好,基内菌丝生长稳定(图4-C);菌株NVA-37在OA培养基上单菌落边界明显,呈近圆形,浅黄色,不透明,四周呈云朵状扩散(图4-B),显微观察菌株杆状或椭圆状,初步鉴定为芽胞杆菌属Bacillus菌株;菌株NVA-42和NVA-60在OA培养基上单菌落边界明显,质密,表面干燥、多皱且绒状(图4-B),在多种培养基上菌落正反两面呈现出不同色泽(图4-C),显微观察菌株孢子丝直或螺旋状,初步鉴定为链霉菌属Streptomyces菌株;菌株NVA-43在YPME固体培养基上单菌落边界明显,菌落边缘呈不规整乳白色干粉状圆形菌落,龟裂呈肉粉色(图4-B),显微观察孢子丝直,初步鉴定为拟无枝酸菌属Amycolatopsis菌株。
菌株NVA-37、NVA-42、NVA-43和NVA-60均可在淀粉酶检测培养基、β-葡聚糖酶检测培养基、纤维素酶检测培养基、铁载体检测培养基和阿须贝氏培养基上生长,且菌落周围产生透明圈,表明这4株拮抗菌株均可分泌淀粉酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶等胞外酶,还具有产嗜铁素和固氮能力。菌株NVA-42、NVA-43和NVA-60还可分泌蛋白酶。
基于16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树显示,菌株NVA-37与贝莱斯芽胞杆菌聚为一支,自举支持值为97%;菌株NVA-42与苜蓿链霉菌S. alfalfae聚为一支,自举支持值为93%;菌株NVA-43与东方拟无枝酸菌A. orientalis聚为一支,自举支持值为99%;菌株NVA-60与灰色链霉菌S. griseus聚为一支,自举支持值为100%(图5)。结合形态特征及分子鉴定结果,将菌株NVA-37鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B. subtilis,菌株NVA-42鉴定为苜蓿链霉菌S. alfalfae,菌株NVA-43鉴定为东方拟无枝酸菌A. orientalis,菌株NVA-60鉴定为灰色链霉菌S. griseus
4株拮抗菌株不同浓度的无菌培养液对4种病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,且抑制作用与无菌培养液浓度呈正相关趋势。总体看拮抗菌株NVA-37的广谱抑菌活性最好,其10.0%无菌培养液对4种病原菌的抑制率均大于80.00%,达80.56%~84.65%,5.0%无菌培养液对病原菌FR2和XXK的抑制率分别为64.79%和66.67%,可有效抑制病原菌菌丝生长;拮抗菌株NVA-42、NVA-43和NVA-60的10.0%无菌培养液对4种病原菌均有一定的抑制作用,但对不同病原菌的抑制效果有较大差异,其中拮抗菌株NVA-42对病原菌FR18和FR2的抑制率较高,分别为53.25%和52.89%,拮抗菌株NVA-43对病原菌FR18的抑制率最高,为56.32%,拮抗菌株NVA-60对病原菌FR18和XXK的抑制率较高,分别为54.47%和53.49%;对其余病原菌的抑制率较差(图6)。
在显微镜下的观察结果显示,与对照的病原菌菌丝形态相比较(图7-A~D),4株拮抗菌株无菌培养液处理后病原菌的菌丝形态均发生了明显变化,导致病原菌菌丝出现扭曲肿胀(图7-E~H)、破裂后细胞质外溢(图7-G)并产生大量空泡(图7-E、G)等现象。
4株拮抗菌株的挥发性物质对4种供试病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中菌株NVA-37挥发性物质对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最好,对病原菌FR2的抑制率高达73.67%,对病原菌XXK的抑制率为52.82%,二者显著高于对其他菌株的抑制率,对病原菌FR18和FR13的抑制作用较弱;而拮抗菌株NVA-42、NVA-43和NVA-60的挥发性物质对4种供试病原菌的抑制作用相对较差,抑制率均低于50.00%(图8)。
在浇灌清水(对照)和浇灌拮抗菌株培养液的土壤中分别接种病原菌FR18FR13、FR2和XXK培养液,15 d后对照植株叶片均出现不同程度的骤然失水现象,且叶尖端及叶边缘变焦干枯;根部截面皮层和木质部腐烂,变褐,病健交界明显,病情指数达到77.78~88.89;而拮抗菌株培养液处理植株的叶片有少部分变黄干枯,大部分叶片青绿且较健康,相比对照植株,根部截面褐变面积出现不同程度的缩减(图9),说明4株拮抗菌株对葡萄根腐病均有一定的防治效果。
拮抗菌株NVA-37对病原菌FR18、FR13、FR2和XXK引起的根腐病的防治效果最好,相对防效分别为62.5%、57.15%、57.15%和60.00%,葡萄苗长势优良,叶片青绿且较健康(图9)。3株放线菌菌株对不同病原菌引起的根腐病的防治效果差异明显,其中,菌株NVA-42对病原菌FR18的相对防效最高,达62.5%;菌株NVA-43对病原菌FR13的相对防效最高,为57.15%;菌株NVA-60对病原菌FR13和XXK的相对防效最高,分别为57.15%和60.00%(图9);而对其余病原菌的相对防效较差,表明其拮抗作用具有一定的特异性。
用4株拮抗菌株的培养液分别处理土壤15 d后,各处理葡萄植株地上部表型的差异不大(图10-A);但拮抗菌株NVA-37和NVA-43培养液处理的葡萄根系分枝数量增多,分别为42个和39个,显著高于其他拮抗菌株处理和对照(图10-B),且有较多白色新生根系产生;菌株NVA-42和NVA-60培养液处理的根系分枝数量有所提升,但与对照相比无显著差异(图10-B)。
葡萄根腐病是一种典型的土传病害,常由一种或多种病原菌引起,其病原菌主要通过植物根系的自然孔隙和机械伤口完成侵染过程,并且不同地区、不同环境下病原菌的种类也存在较大差异(刘陈玮等,2025),因此明确不同地区葡萄根腐病致病菌种类对当地制订针对性防治策略具有重要意义。Agustí-Brisach et al.(2012)首次报道小帚梗柱孢菌属CylindrocladiellaC. parvaC. peruviana在欧洲葡萄产区可引起葡萄根腐病;Aleinikova et al.(2022)在克里米亚鉴定出土赤壳菌属DactylonectriaD. macrodidyma为葡萄根腐病致病优势种;Holkar et al.(2025)报道了印度葡萄根腐病病原菌新记录种Fusarium acutatumZhang et al.(2023)在中国北京市发现Fusarium commune的致病亚群可引起葡萄根腐病;Wang et al.(2023)则首次报道C. peruviana在中国陕西省引发葡萄根腐病。本研究将宁夏5个市县的葡萄根腐病病原菌鉴定为锐顶镰刀菌、腐皮镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌、小新壳梭孢菌和可可毛色二孢菌,其中锐顶镰刀菌是优势种。这些研究结果充分证实了葡萄根腐病病原菌种群结构具有显著的区域特异性。
现有研究报道发现小新壳梭孢菌和可可毛色二孢菌是果树、观赏植物常见的葡萄座腔菌科植物病原真菌(Pavlic-Zupanc et al.,2017邢启凯等,2024)。可可毛色二孢菌能引发桑树根腐病(Xie et al. 2014)和槟榔根腐病(刘双龙等,2022),在印度(Latha et al.,2009)和巴西(da Silva Pereira et al.,2017)还能引发麻疯树根腐病。小新壳梭孢菌在伊朗可引起常青藤根冠腐病,病原菌由侵染点向上和向下扩展侵染,引起根部腐烂(Akbarpour et al.,2021)。而Walker(1997)研究证实立枯丝核菌对葡萄具有致病性,可引起根部腐烂。但立枯丝核菌不同融合菌群的致病性强弱可能有所不同,但是否存在致病与非致病差异目前未见明确报道。王淇(2024)也证实锐顶镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌为葡萄镰刀型根腐病的主要病原菌。本研究结果与上述报道一致,此外还发现立枯丝核菌可可毛色二孢菌和小新壳梭孢菌为葡萄根部分离出的病原菌新记录种,这一发现丰富了国内葡萄根腐病的病原菌种类。另外,宁夏属于中国西部葡萄埋土防寒栽培区,葡萄植株在越冬过程中容易因冻害或机械操作形成伤口,这为病原菌的侵染提供了有利条件,需警惕其快速传播的潜在风险,应给予足够重视。
本研究以葡萄根腐病病原菌锐顶镰刀菌立枯丝核菌可可毛色二孢菌和小新壳梭孢菌为靶标菌,从健康葡萄根际土壤中成功筛选出4株有显著抑制作用的拮抗菌株,并分别将其鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌、苜蓿链霉菌、东方拟无枝酸菌和灰色链霉菌。目前植物根腐病的生防菌主要包括芽胞杆菌(金艳丽等,2022)、链霉菌(李琳等,2024)、假单胞菌(刘双龙等,2022)和木霉菌(Hewedy et al.,2020)等。这些生防菌通过直接和间接机制防控植物病害的发生,包括竞争空间、营养物质或微量元素,以及降解真菌毒力因子或引发植物免疫功能等(Chen et al.,2021)。芽胞杆菌和链霉菌还可以通过产生多种胞外酶如淀粉酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶等破坏病原菌菌丝结构,抑制其生长(何贵祥等,2025)。本研究筛选到的4株拮抗菌株均能分泌纤维素酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶和β-葡聚糖酶,还具有产嗜铁素及固氮能力。夏忠洁等(2024)研究发现铁载体可以通过与病原菌竞争铁元素来抑制其生长,铁载体浓度越高对病原菌的抑制效果越明显。芽胞杆菌作为微生态环境中的优势种群,因其抗逆性极强,抑菌范围广,在作物病害生物防治中研究非常广泛。朱海云等(2021)从银杏中分离出1株蜡样芽胞杆菌B. cereus,对猕猴桃溃疡病的防治效果为93.6%。芽胞杆菌可以产生抗真菌的多肽类、蛋白类等物质,对多种植物病害都有很好的防效,产生的酯类、醇类、醛类、烯类和酮类等挥发性有机物对病原菌生长也有较强的抑制作用(宋波等,2025)。本研究通过平板对峙试验发现,贝莱斯芽胞杆菌菌株NVA-37与病原菌边界交接处形成较为明显的抑菌带,推测可能是分泌一些抗菌物质造成的,无菌培养液和挥发性物质的抑菌试验也证实了这一推测。对病原菌菌丝尖端形态进行显微观察发现,在拮抗菌株作用下,病原菌菌丝出现肿胀、空泡、细胞质外溢等现象。此外,盆栽试验进一步证实了贝莱斯芽胞杆菌菌株NVA-37的广谱抑菌能力和促生能力,这与王玉鹏等(2025)的研究报道一致。
放线菌次生代谢产物中往往具有一类或几类抗生素,且大部分选择性强,已成为生物农药研发的重要方向(Hyakumachi et al.,2014)。链霉菌作为放线菌门中种类最多的一个属,是产生各类氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类等抗生素的主要来源(程一晗等,2024),这些抗生素可以特异性作用于某些病原菌,抑制其生长和繁殖,进而降低病害发生率(徐燕星等,2025)。杨晓军等(2017)从盐碱土壤中分离得到1株灰色链霉菌菌株,对番茄灰霉病和番茄早疫病的防效大于90%。Chen et al.(2021)从棉花根际土壤中得到1株苜蓿链霉菌菌株,对尖孢镰刀菌引起的棉花枯萎病有强烈的抑制活性。拟无枝酸菌属为诺卡氏放线菌中的一个独特属,为稀有放线菌(周乐瑞等,2023)。拟无枝酸菌蕴含丰富的新颖天然产物资源,在抗生素生产方面潜力巨大(杨英哲等,2024)。如利用东方拟无枝酸菌和地中海拟无枝酸菌Amycolatopsis mediterranei生产万古霉素和相关糖肽类、利福霉素等,此类抗生素作用部位与β-内酰胺类抗生素不同,其不与青霉素类抗生素竞争结合部位,可以有效避免交叉耐药性的产生,是研究新生物农药的焦点(周乐瑞等,2023)。García-López et al.(2024)从土壤中分离出1株拟无枝酸菌Amycolatopsis sp.菌株,对禾谷镰刀菌F. graminearum的抑制率为76%;Oyuntsetseg et al.(2024)从煤矿土壤中获得2株拟无枝酸菌Amycolatopsis spp.菌株,其对多种真菌、金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus、鲍曼不动杆菌Acinetobacter baumannii表现出抑制活性。本研究获得的3株拮抗放线菌菌株,即苜蓿链霉菌NVA-42、东方拟无枝酸菌NVA-43和灰色链霉菌NVA-60,对4种葡萄根腐病病原菌的抑制活性差异明显,盆栽防治效果也再次证实了该结论,推测这可能与菌株拮抗机制、遗传背景和生态适应性相关。
宁夏地处西北,常年干旱少雨,在此条件下采集的土壤样品中富集了抗逆性较好的芽胞杆菌和放线菌,本研究获得的4株拮抗菌株均有较好的抑菌活性,但产生的抑菌物质尚不明确。另外,本研究中所选的分离培养基营养较丰富,芽胞杆菌和放线菌生长迅速,可能会屏蔽其他生长速度较慢的细菌或放线菌,从而导致最终得到的菌株种类相对较少。因此,在今后的分离试验中将改善培养基的种类及培养条件等以期获得更多类型的菌种资源,为土著拮抗微生物的开发利用提供备选资源。
  • 宁夏重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01026)
  • 宁夏重点研发计划项目(2024BBF02006)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025115
  • 接收时间:2025-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08
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宁夏重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01026)
宁夏重点研发计划项目(2024BBF02006)
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    1.宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021
    2.银川市林业(园林)有害生物检疫检验站,银川 750021

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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