Article(id=1266470661351424521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025160, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762704000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879735553, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879735553, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879735553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879735553, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782266106964, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=563, endPage=572, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470661749883403, articleId=1266470661351424521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Community characteristics and ecological niches of grasshoppers across three grassland types in Zhaosu County, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the community structure characteristics and spatial ecological niche of grasshoppers in three different grassland types in Zhaosu County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, grasshopper surveys were conducted in temperate grassland, temperate meadow steppe, and alpine meadow steppe using the sweep-net method. Relative abundance, diversity indices, niche indices, community similarity, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were used for systematic assessment. The results showed that a total of 20 434 grasshopper individuals were collected, belonging to 24 species, 14 genera, and five families. The dominant species in Zhaosu County were Calliptamus italicus and Omocestus haemorrhoidalis. Specifically, C. italicus was dominant in temperate grassland; C. italicus, Stauroderus scalaris and O. haemorrhoidalis were dominant in temperate meadow steppe; and O. peliopteroides, O. haemorrhoidalis, and Gomphocerus sibiricus were dominant in alpine meadow steppe. Significant differences were observed in the richness, diversity, and evenness indices of grasshopper communities, while no significant difference was found in the dominance index. The richness and diversity indices in alpine meadow steppe were significantly lower than those in the other two grasslands types, whereas the evenness index in the temperate grassland was significantly lower than that in the other two types. Niche analysis indicated that O. ventralis had the widest niche breadth (0.95), while eight species including Omocestus petraeus and Dociostaurus brevicollis, had the lowest niche breadth (0.33). A total of 28 species pairs showed niche overlap values of ≥0.99. Community similarity analysis revealed high similarity between temperate grassland and temperate meadow steppe (similarity coefficient=0.81) and very low similarity with alpine meadow steppe (similarity coefficient=0.22). NMDS analysis demonstrated that grassland type explained 63.6% of the variation in grasshopper community composition. These results indicate significant differences in grasshopper community characteristics among grassland types in Zhaosu County, suggesting that grassland type is the primary factor influencing grasshopper community structure.

, authors=null, authorsList=Nuermaimaiti Nigari, Nulakeman Yimulati, Shiqian Feng, Shali Yasen, Xiongbing Tu, Zehua Zhang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1266470664295825939, articleId=1266470661351424521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=CN, title=昭苏县三种类型草原蝗虫群落特征和生态位分析, columnId=1266470561837367405, journalTitle=植物保护学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明确新疆维吾尔自治区昭苏县3种不同类型草原的蝗虫群落结构特征及空间生态位,通过扫网法对昭苏县温性草原、温性草甸草原和高寒草甸草原进行蝗虫调查,并运用相对多度、多样性指数、生态位指数、群落相似性及非度量多尺度分析方法进行系统评估。结果显示:共采集了20 434头蝗虫,涵盖5科14属24种。昭苏县草原蝗虫优势种为意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus和红腹牧草蝗Omocestus haemorrhoidalis;其中温性草原优势种为意大利蝗;温性草甸草原优势种为意大利蝗、肿脉蝗Stauroderus scalaris和红腹牧草蝗;高寒草甸草原优势种为拟黑翅牧草蝗Omocestus peliopteroides、红腹牧草蝗和西伯利亚蝗Gomphocerus sibiricus。不同类型草原的蝗虫群落丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均存在显著差异,优势度指数无显著差异,其中高寒草甸草原的蝗虫群落丰富度指数、多样性指数均显著低于其他2种类型草原,温性草原的蝗虫群落均匀度指数显著低于其他2种类型草原。红胫牧草蝗Omocestus ventralis的生态位宽度最大,为0.95,曲线牧草蝗Omocestus petraeus、狭条戟纹蝗Dociostaurus brevicollis等8种蝗虫生态位宽度最低,为0.33;共有28对蝗虫之间的生态位重叠度≥0.99。温性草原与温性草甸草原的蝗虫群落高度相似,相似性系数达0.80,与高寒草甸的蝗虫群落极不相似,相似性系数达仅为0.22;非度量多尺度分析显示3种草原类型的蝗虫群落结构存在明显分离,草原类型可解释蝗虫群落变异的63.6%。表明昭苏草原蝗虫群落特征存在显著差异,草原类型是影响蝗虫群落结构的主要因素。

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Species diversity of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Oedipodidae and Catantopidae) in natural grassland of Qilian Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 60(5): 1592-1600 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746559476682781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=60, issue=5, pageStart=1592, pageEnd=1600, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=63, authorNames=郑成卓, 刘恒亮, 王兴铎, 董子信, 付连海, 刘长仲, 钱秀娟, journalName=应用昆虫学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑成卓, 刘恒亮, 王兴铎, 董子信, 付连海, 刘长仲, 钱秀娟. 2023. 祁连山天然草原蝗虫物种多样性研究. 应用昆虫学报, 60(5): 1592-1600, articleTitle=祁连山天然草原蝗虫物种多样性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746559552180254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=64, authorNames=Zheng ZM, Xia KL, journalName=Fauna Sinica (Vol. 10). 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Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746559631872031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=65, authorNames=郑哲民, 夏凯龄, journalName=中国动物志第十卷. 昆虫纲: 直翅目 蝗总科 斑翅蝗科, 网翅蝗科, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑哲民, 夏凯龄. 1998. 中国动物志第十卷. 昆虫纲: 直翅目 蝗总科 斑翅蝗科, 网翅蝗科. 北京: 科学出版社, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1266746551452980190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, awardId=2022xjkk0401, language=CN, fundingSource=第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0401), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1266746537473364887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537481753496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537473364887, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Safe Control of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537490142105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537473364887, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆农业大学农学院,农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052)]), AuthorCompany(id=1266746537561445274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537590805403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537561445274, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Command Center for Locust Control and Rodent Extermination, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Yining 835000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537611776925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537561445274, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.伊犁哈萨克自治州治蝗灭鼠指挥中心,新疆 伊宁 835000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1266746537712440222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537720828831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537712440222, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537729217440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537712440222, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1266746537930544034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537938932643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537930544034, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746537951515556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, companyId=1266746537930544034, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆 昌吉 831100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1266746547657135055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Diversity indices of grasshopper communities in different grassland types in Zhaosu County, figureFileSmall=sOJ8cnX8OvokfgypbBd+Qw==, figureFileBig=CSC1qUlgXFDgkScUinc5eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746548101731280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=CN, label=图1, caption=昭苏县不同类型草原蝗虫多样性指数

图中数据为平均数±标准差。不同小写字母表示不同类型草原蝗虫群落间经Duncan氏新复极差法检验差异显著(P<0.05)。Data in figure are mean±SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among grasshopper communities in grassland types by Duncan’s new multiple range test (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=sOJ8cnX8OvokfgypbBd+Qw==, figureFileBig=CSC1qUlgXFDgkScUinc5eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746548852511699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Niche breadth and overlap of grasshoppers across different grassland types, figureFileSmall=kBNq9ecs1yLpgx3tbN8+mw==, figureFileBig=zIgu/PwFjjKBFguZ47b1aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746549229999061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=CN, label=图2, caption=蝗虫在不同类型草原的生态位宽度和重叠度

对角线表示生态位宽度,对角线上方表示生态位重叠度。Cit:意大利蝗;Oha:红腹牧草蝗;Ssc:肿脉蝗;Cal:白边雏蝗;Pmi:小翅曲背蝗;Cap:中宽雏蝗;Gxi:新疆拟槌角蝗;Epu:草原异爪蝗;Cbi:异色雏蝗;Clo:长角雏蝗;Ope:拟黑翅牧草蝗;Ove:红胫牧草蝗;Ode:黑条小车蝗;Nru:红足米纹蝗;Gsi:西伯利亚蝗;Cba:黑腿星翅蝗;Czh:昭苏裸蝗;Col:褐橄裸蝗;Oca:蓝斑翅蝗;Opt:曲线牧草蝗;Dbr:狭条戟纹蝗;Ovi:绿牧草蝗;Cdi:翠饰雏蝗;Cdm:大绿洲蝗。The diagonal represents niche breadth, and values above the diagonal represent niche overlap. Cit: Calliptamus italicus; Oha: Omocestus haemorrhoidalis; Ssc: Stauroderus scalaris; Cal: Chorthippus albomarginatus; Pmi: Pararcyptera microptera; Cap: Chorthippus apricarius; Gxi: Gomphoceroides xinjiangensis; Epu: Euchorthippus pulvinatus; Cbi: Chorthippus bigutulus; Clo: Chorthippus longicornis; Ope: Omocestus peliopteroides; Ove: Omocestus ventralis; Ode: Oedaleus decorus; Nru: Notostaurus rubripes; Gsi: Gomphocerus sibiricus; Cba: Calliptamus barbarus; Czh: Conophyma zhaosuensis; Col: Conophyma oliva; Oca: Oedipoda caerulescens; Opt: Omocestus petraeus; Dbr: Dociostaurus brevicollis; Ovi: Omocestus viridulus; Cdi: Chorthippus dichrous; Cdm: Chrysochraon dispar major.

, figureFileSmall=kBNq9ecs1yLpgx3tbN8+mw==, figureFileBig=zIgu/PwFjjKBFguZ47b1aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746549657818070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of grasshopper communities, figureFileSmall=FelhS1FZTU596AIj7RLZtg==, figureFileBig=rZJlaP0j9yDOJlxn7mcQtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746549775258583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蝗虫群落非度量多尺度分析, figureFileSmall=FelhS1FZTU596AIj7RLZtg==, figureFileBig=rZJlaP0j9yDOJlxn7mcQtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746550177911768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Composition of grasshopper communities in Zhaosu City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Family

Genus

Species

数量

Number

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

斑腿蝗科

Catantopidae

星翅蝗属 Calliptamus意大利蝗 Calliptamus italicus7 56436.94+++
黑腿星翅蝗 Calliptamus barbarus710.35+
裸蝗属 Conophyma昭苏裸蝗 Conophyma zhaosuensis440.22+
褐橄裸蝗 Conophymaoliva1190.58+

网翅蝗科

Arcypteridae

牧草蝗属 Omocestus红腹牧草蝗 Omocestus haemorrhoidalis2 06310.10+++
红胫牧草蝗 Omocestus ventralis2591.27++
曲线牧草蝗 Omocestus petraeus2401.17++
绿牧草蝗 Omocestusviridulus2211.08++
拟黑翅牧草蝗 Omocestus peliopteroides1 0545.16++
肿脉蝗属 Stauroderus肿脉蝗 Stauroderus scalaris1 3546.63++
曲背蝗属 Pararcyptera小翅曲背蝗 Pararcyptera microptera4642.27++
异爪蝗属 Euchorthippus草原异爪蝗 Euchorthippus pulvinatus9034.42++
雏蝗属 Chorthippus白边雏蝗 Chorthippus albomarginatus1 5097.37++
异色雏蝗 Chorthippus bigutulus7553.69++
长角雏蝗 Chorthippus longicornis1560.79+
翠饰雏蝗 Chorthippus dichrous6403.13++
中宽雏蝗 Chorthippus apricarius5144.50++
米纹蝗属 Notostaurus红足米纹蝗 Notostaurus rubripes4442.17++
戟纹蝗属 Dociostaurus狭条戟纹蝗 Dociostaurus brevicollis1620.79+

斑翅蝗科

Oedipodidae

斑翅蝗属 Oedipoda蓝斑翅蝗 Oedipoda caerulescens1220.60+
小车蝗属 Oedaleus黑条小车蝗 Oedaleus decorus5542.71++

槌角蝗科

Gomphoceridae

拟槌角蝗属 Gomphoceroides新疆拟槌角蝗 Gomphoceroidesxinjiangensis9194.50++
大足蝗属 Gomphocerus西伯利亚蝗 Gomphocerus sibiricus2581.26++
剑角蝗科Acrididae绿洲蝗属Chrysochraon大绿洲蝗Chrysochraon dispar major450.22+
), ArticleFig(id=1266746550488290265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

昭苏县草原蝗虫群落组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Family

Genus

Species

数量

Number

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

斑腿蝗科

Catantopidae

星翅蝗属 Calliptamus意大利蝗 Calliptamus italicus7 56436.94+++
黑腿星翅蝗 Calliptamus barbarus710.35+
裸蝗属 Conophyma昭苏裸蝗 Conophyma zhaosuensis440.22+
褐橄裸蝗 Conophymaoliva1190.58+

网翅蝗科

Arcypteridae

牧草蝗属 Omocestus红腹牧草蝗 Omocestus haemorrhoidalis2 06310.10+++
红胫牧草蝗 Omocestus ventralis2591.27++
曲线牧草蝗 Omocestus petraeus2401.17++
绿牧草蝗 Omocestusviridulus2211.08++
拟黑翅牧草蝗 Omocestus peliopteroides1 0545.16++
肿脉蝗属 Stauroderus肿脉蝗 Stauroderus scalaris1 3546.63++
曲背蝗属 Pararcyptera小翅曲背蝗 Pararcyptera microptera4642.27++
异爪蝗属 Euchorthippus草原异爪蝗 Euchorthippus pulvinatus9034.42++
雏蝗属 Chorthippus白边雏蝗 Chorthippus albomarginatus1 5097.37++
异色雏蝗 Chorthippus bigutulus7553.69++
长角雏蝗 Chorthippus longicornis1560.79+
翠饰雏蝗 Chorthippus dichrous6403.13++
中宽雏蝗 Chorthippus apricarius5144.50++
米纹蝗属 Notostaurus红足米纹蝗 Notostaurus rubripes4442.17++
戟纹蝗属 Dociostaurus狭条戟纹蝗 Dociostaurus brevicollis1620.79+

斑翅蝗科

Oedipodidae

斑翅蝗属 Oedipoda蓝斑翅蝗 Oedipoda caerulescens1220.60+
小车蝗属 Oedaleus黑条小车蝗 Oedaleus decorus5542.71++

槌角蝗科

Gomphoceridae

拟槌角蝗属 Gomphoceroides新疆拟槌角蝗 Gomphoceroidesxinjiangensis9194.50++
大足蝗属 Gomphocerus西伯利亚蝗 Gomphocerus sibiricus2581.26++
剑角蝗科Acrididae绿洲蝗属Chrysochraon大绿洲蝗Chrysochraon dispar major450.22+
), ArticleFig(id=1266746550563787738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Community composition and dominance of grasshopper communities across different grassland types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Species

温性草原

Temperate grassland

温性草甸草原

Temperate meadow steppe

高寒草甸草原

Alpine meadow steppe

数量

Num-ber

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

数量

Num-ber

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

数量

Num-ber

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

意大利蝗 Calliptamus italicus5 08745.71+++240330.79+++744.93++
黑腿星翅蝗 Calliptamus barbarus------714.73++
红腹牧草蝗 Omocestushaemorrhoidalis9758.76++80910.37++27918.59+++
红胫牧草蝗 Omocestus ventralis940.84+1061.36++593.93++
曲线牧草蝗 Omocestus petraeus2402.16++------
绿牧草蝗 Omocestus viridulus---2212.83++---
肿脉蝗 Stauroderus scalaris3973.57++93111.93+++261.73++
小翅曲背蝗 Pararcypteramicroptera1861.67++2783.56++---
草原异爪蝗 Euchorthippuspulvinatus7036.32++2002.56++---
白边雏蝗 Chorthippus albomarginatus7736.95++7369.43++---
异色雏蝗 Chorthippus bigutulus4243.81++3314.24++---
长角雏蝗 Chorthippus longicornis650.58+911.17++---
翠饰雏蝗 Chorthippus dichrous4674.20++1732.22++---
大绿洲蝗 Chrysochraon dispar major450.40+------
拟黑翅牧草蝗 Omocestus peliopteroides2472.22++2363.03++57138.04+++
红足米纹蝗 Notostaurus rubripes1881.69++2563.28++---
狭条戟纹蝗 Dociostaurus brevicollis1621.46++------
西伯利亚蝗 Gomphocerus sibiricus------25817.19+++
蓝斑翅蝗 Oedipoda caerulescens520.47+700.90+---
黑条小车蝗 Oedaleus decorus3863.47++1682.15++---
昭苏裸蝗 Conophyma zhaosuensis------442.93++
褐橄裸蝗 Conophyma oliva------1197.93+++
新疆拟槌角蝗 Gomphoceroides xinjiangensis4133.71++5066.48++---
中宽雏蝗 Cho. apricarius2252.02++2893.70++---
), ArticleFig(id=1266746550899332059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同类型草原蝗虫群落组成与优势度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Species

温性草原

Temperate grassland

温性草甸草原

Temperate meadow steppe

高寒草甸草原

Alpine meadow steppe

数量

Num-ber

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

数量

Num-ber

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

数量

Num-ber

相对多度

Relative

abundance/%

类型

Type

意大利蝗 Calliptamus italicus5 08745.71+++240330.79+++744.93++
黑腿星翅蝗 Calliptamus barbarus------714.73++
红腹牧草蝗 Omocestushaemorrhoidalis9758.76++80910.37++27918.59+++
红胫牧草蝗 Omocestus ventralis940.84+1061.36++593.93++
曲线牧草蝗 Omocestus petraeus2402.16++------
绿牧草蝗 Omocestus viridulus---2212.83++---
肿脉蝗 Stauroderus scalaris3973.57++93111.93+++261.73++
小翅曲背蝗 Pararcypteramicroptera1861.67++2783.56++---
草原异爪蝗 Euchorthippuspulvinatus7036.32++2002.56++---
白边雏蝗 Chorthippus albomarginatus7736.95++7369.43++---
异色雏蝗 Chorthippus bigutulus4243.81++3314.24++---
长角雏蝗 Chorthippus longicornis650.58+911.17++---
翠饰雏蝗 Chorthippus dichrous4674.20++1732.22++---
大绿洲蝗 Chrysochraon dispar major450.40+------
拟黑翅牧草蝗 Omocestus peliopteroides2472.22++2363.03++57138.04+++
红足米纹蝗 Notostaurus rubripes1881.69++2563.28++---
狭条戟纹蝗 Dociostaurus brevicollis1621.46++------
西伯利亚蝗 Gomphocerus sibiricus------25817.19+++
蓝斑翅蝗 Oedipoda caerulescens520.47+700.90+---
黑条小车蝗 Oedaleus decorus3863.47++1682.15++---
昭苏裸蝗 Conophyma zhaosuensis------442.93++
褐橄裸蝗 Conophyma oliva------1197.93+++
新疆拟槌角蝗 Gomphoceroides xinjiangensis4133.71++5066.48++---
中宽雏蝗 Cho. apricarius2252.02++2893.70++---
), ArticleFig(id=1266746550983218140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Similarity coefficients of grasshopper communities across different grassland types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

草原类型

Grassland type

温性草原

Temperate grassland

温性草甸草原

Temperate meadow steppe

高寒草甸草原

Alpine meadow steppe

温性草原Temperate grassland1.000.800.22
温性草甸草原Temperate meadow steppe1.000.24
高寒草甸草原Alpine meadow steppe1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746551067104221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470661351424521, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同类型草原蝗虫群落相似性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

草原类型

Grassland type

温性草原

Temperate grassland

温性草甸草原

Temperate meadow steppe

高寒草甸草原

Alpine meadow steppe

温性草原Temperate grassland1.000.800.22
温性草甸草原Temperate meadow steppe1.000.24
高寒草甸草原Alpine meadow steppe1.00
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昭苏县三种类型草原蝗虫群落特征和生态位分析
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妮尕日·努尔买买提 1 , 依木拉提·努拉克曼 2 , 冯士骞 3 , 牙森·沙力 1 , 涂雄兵 3 , 张泽华 4
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 563-572
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植物保护学报 |研究论文 2026 , 53 (2) : 563 -572
昭苏县三种类型草原蝗虫群落特征和生态位分析
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妮尕日·努尔买买提1, 依木拉提·努拉克曼2, 冯士骞3, 牙森·沙力1 , 涂雄兵3 , 张泽华4
作者信息
  • 1.新疆农业大学农学院,农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2.伊犁哈萨克自治州治蝗灭鼠指挥中心,新疆 伊宁 835000
  • 3.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100193
  • 4.中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆 昌吉 831100
通讯作者:
Community characteristics and ecological niches of grasshoppers across three grassland types in Zhaosu County
Nuermaimaiti Nigari1, Nulakeman Yimulati2, Shiqian Feng3, Shali Yasen1 , Xiongbing Tu3 , Zehua Zhang4
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Safe Control of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • 2.Command Center for Locust Control and Rodent Extermination, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Yining 835000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • 3.Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
  • 4.Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025160
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为明确新疆维吾尔自治区昭苏县3种不同类型草原的蝗虫群落结构特征及空间生态位,通过扫网法对昭苏县温性草原、温性草甸草原和高寒草甸草原进行蝗虫调查,并运用相对多度、多样性指数、生态位指数、群落相似性及非度量多尺度分析方法进行系统评估。结果显示:共采集了20 434头蝗虫,涵盖5科14属24种。昭苏县草原蝗虫优势种为意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus和红腹牧草蝗Omocestus haemorrhoidalis;其中温性草原优势种为意大利蝗;温性草甸草原优势种为意大利蝗、肿脉蝗Stauroderus scalaris和红腹牧草蝗;高寒草甸草原优势种为拟黑翅牧草蝗Omocestus peliopteroides、红腹牧草蝗和西伯利亚蝗Gomphocerus sibiricus。不同类型草原的蝗虫群落丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均存在显著差异,优势度指数无显著差异,其中高寒草甸草原的蝗虫群落丰富度指数、多样性指数均显著低于其他2种类型草原,温性草原的蝗虫群落均匀度指数显著低于其他2种类型草原。红胫牧草蝗Omocestus ventralis的生态位宽度最大,为0.95,曲线牧草蝗Omocestus petraeus、狭条戟纹蝗Dociostaurus brevicollis等8种蝗虫生态位宽度最低,为0.33;共有28对蝗虫之间的生态位重叠度≥0.99。温性草原与温性草甸草原的蝗虫群落高度相似,相似性系数达0.80,与高寒草甸的蝗虫群落极不相似,相似性系数达仅为0.22;非度量多尺度分析显示3种草原类型的蝗虫群落结构存在明显分离,草原类型可解释蝗虫群落变异的63.6%。表明昭苏草原蝗虫群落特征存在显著差异,草原类型是影响蝗虫群落结构的主要因素。

昭苏县  /  草原类型  /  蝗虫群落特征  /  生态位  /  群落相似性

To clarify the community structure characteristics and spatial ecological niche of grasshoppers in three different grassland types in Zhaosu County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, grasshopper surveys were conducted in temperate grassland, temperate meadow steppe, and alpine meadow steppe using the sweep-net method. Relative abundance, diversity indices, niche indices, community similarity, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were used for systematic assessment. The results showed that a total of 20 434 grasshopper individuals were collected, belonging to 24 species, 14 genera, and five families. The dominant species in Zhaosu County were Calliptamus italicus and Omocestus haemorrhoidalis. Specifically, C. italicus was dominant in temperate grassland; C. italicus, Stauroderus scalaris and O. haemorrhoidalis were dominant in temperate meadow steppe; and O. peliopteroides, O. haemorrhoidalis, and Gomphocerus sibiricus were dominant in alpine meadow steppe. Significant differences were observed in the richness, diversity, and evenness indices of grasshopper communities, while no significant difference was found in the dominance index. The richness and diversity indices in alpine meadow steppe were significantly lower than those in the other two grasslands types, whereas the evenness index in the temperate grassland was significantly lower than that in the other two types. Niche analysis indicated that O. ventralis had the widest niche breadth (0.95), while eight species including Omocestus petraeus and Dociostaurus brevicollis, had the lowest niche breadth (0.33). A total of 28 species pairs showed niche overlap values of ≥0.99. Community similarity analysis revealed high similarity between temperate grassland and temperate meadow steppe (similarity coefficient=0.81) and very low similarity with alpine meadow steppe (similarity coefficient=0.22). NMDS analysis demonstrated that grassland type explained 63.6% of the variation in grasshopper community composition. These results indicate significant differences in grasshopper community characteristics among grassland types in Zhaosu County, suggesting that grassland type is the primary factor influencing grasshopper community structure.

Zhaosu County  /  grassland type  /  grasshopper community characteristics  /  ecological niche  /  community similarity
妮尕日·努尔买买提, 依木拉提·努拉克曼, 冯士骞, 牙森·沙力, 涂雄兵, 张泽华. 昭苏县三种类型草原蝗虫群落特征和生态位分析. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 563 -572 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025160
Nuermaimaiti Nigari, Nulakeman Yimulati, Shiqian Feng, Shali Yasen, Xiongbing Tu, Zehua Zhang. Community characteristics and ecological niches of grasshoppers across three grassland types in Zhaosu County[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 563 -572 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025160
中国蝗虫种类超过1 000种,其中约60种对农、林、牧业构成严重威胁(康乐和魏丽亚,2022)。新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)蝗虫种类丰富,已知种类达170余种,其中对草原和农业造成显著危害的优势种包括意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus、黑腿星翅蝗Calliptamus barbarus和亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria等(刘宇贤等,2025a)。伊犁河谷作为新疆重要的草原牧区,蝗虫发生尤为频繁,现有记录135种,常年蝗虫发生面积达30万hm2左右,为害面积达10万hm2左右(于冰洁等,2019郭继敏和李璇,2022)。昭苏县位于伊犁哈萨克自治州(简称伊犁)西部,地处特克斯河流域,与哈萨克斯坦接壤,草地资源丰富,是中国少数几乎没有荒漠草原的区域(胥洪军,2014)。但该地区同时面临本土与境外迁入蝗虫的双重影响,严重制约了当地畜牧业的稳定发展。蝗虫种群特征受温度、降水、日照等气候因子的显著影响,同时与植被类型、地形特征和土壤环境等密切相关(刘华湘等,2025)。因此,系统明确昭苏县不同草原类型的蝗虫群落结构特征,对推动当地蝗虫的精准防控、保障畜牧业生产与草原生态平衡具有重要的实践指导意义。
群落多样性是生物群落结构、组织水平及生境状况的重要指标,对草原蝗虫监测预警、科学防控和生态治理具有重要指导意义(王皙玮等,2015)。目前,利用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数等一系列生态学度量指标已成为蝗虫生态学的常规研究方法(Fisher et al.,1943Simpson,1949)。蝗虫群落结构具有显著的地理差异(Lv et al.,2023刘华湘等,2025)。如内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)典型草原的优势种与新疆伊犁河谷的优势种截然不同,呈现出区域特异性(秦兴虎等,2015宋兴敏等,2025)。草原类型及其植被特征是决定蝗虫栖息地选择与种群分布的关键因子(Fielding & Brusven,1993Diaz & Cabido,1997;Van Der Werf et al.,2005)。然而,不同类型草原对蝗虫群落的影响呈现出显著的差异化特征。如伟军等(2024)研究发现在内蒙古植被适中的典型草原蝗虫多样性和丰富度最高;而刘缠民和廉振民(2001)则指出在陕西省北部荒漠草原的多样性显著高于典型草原和草甸草原;李金星等(2022)在博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(简称博州)指出温性草原与温性荒漠草原的群落结构差异极大。此外,胡靖等(2021)研究甘肃省祁连山草原多样性时发现,在高山生境下,温性草原的生境异质性会导致蝗虫表现出极高的空间聚集强度。
目前对昭苏县草原蝗虫群落特征未见研究报道,且鉴于草原类型对蝗虫群落的显著驱动作用以及现有研究结论的局限性,本研究对昭苏县3种草原类型的蝗虫群落特征进行系统调查,对比分析群落结构特征、多样性指数、生态位宽度与重叠度及群落相似性,明确不同草原类型蝗虫群落差异并揭示其与草原类型之间的关联,以期为该区域蝗虫种群精准监测与生态治理提供参考依据。
样地选择与概述:昭苏县位于伊犁西南部(43°09′~43°15′ N、东经80°08′~81°30′ E),地处伊犁河上游特克斯河流域,位于特克斯-昭苏盆地西段。整个地形西高东低,海拔在1 323~6 995 m之间。昭苏县主要的3种类型草原为温性草原、温性草甸草原和高寒草甸草原(李海等,2004)。
对3种类型草原蝗虫进行野外采集调查,每种类型草原设置12个样地,每个样地设置5个样点,共设置36个样地,180个样点。采用对角线取样法,利用捕虫网在样地中心及四周进行扫网采集蝗虫,左右挥动180°为1个覆网,每次100个覆网,将采集的蝗虫转移到毒瓶中致死,按样地编号标记好再转移至长32.5 cm×宽22.8 cm的信封纸袋中,带回实验室进行种类鉴定,并统计数量。参考《中国动物志昆虫纲第十卷直翅目蝗总科斑翅蝗科网翅蝗科》《新疆昆虫原色图鉴》和《新疆蝗虫鉴定》进行物种鉴定(郑哲民和夏凯龄,1998;胡红英和黄人鑫,2013;王俊刚等,2014)。统计不同类型草原中蝗虫种类及数量,采用相对多度Ra 区分优势种、常见种和稀有种蝗虫,计算公式为Ra=NiN×100%,式中,i为第N种蝗虫的个体数,N为总个体数。Ra >10%为优势种,1%≤Ra ≤10%为常见种,Ra <1%为稀有种(胡靖等,2021)。
采用Margalef丰富度指数D、Simpson优势度指数C、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′和Pielou均匀度指数J对不同草原类型中蝗虫群落进行多样性分析(李宏群等,2012李金星等,2022)。丰富度指数反映群落中所含物种的多少,数值越高,表明物种丰富度越高,D=(S-1)/lnN;优势度指数强调群落整体多样性而非单一优势种控制程度,C=1-i-1SPi2;多样性指数综合反映群落的物种丰富程度与分布均匀性,数值越大,多样性水平越高,H′=i=1SPilnPi;均匀度指数用于衡量物种个体数在群落中的分布均匀程度,指数越高,均匀性越强,J=H'/lnS。上述式中,S为蝗虫物种数,N为蝗虫总个体数,Pi 为该群落中第i个物种的个体数量占总数的比例。
采用Levins生态位宽度Bi 和Pianka生态位重叠度Qik宋占云等,2024)对昭苏县不同类型草原蝗虫群落生态位宽度和重叠度进行分析。生态位宽度反映了蝗虫种群对生境资源的利用能力与适应广度,Bi =1rj=1rPij2式中,Pij 表示第i种蝗虫在第j种草原类型中的个体数量占所有草原类型中该种蝗虫总数的比例,r为资源状态数(草原类型),该指数的理论取值范围为1/rBi ≤1。在此基础上,为便于不同物种之间的比较,并将生态位宽度统一到0至1区间,对Bi 进行线性标准化处理,B'i=Bi-1/r1-1/r,标准化后的生态位宽度指数Bi'的取值范围为0≤Bi'≤1,数值越大表示物种生态位越宽。生态位重叠度则揭示不同物种间在空间资源利用上的相似程度及潜在的种间竞争压力,Qik=j=1rPijPkjj=1rPij2×j=1rPkj2,式中,Qik 为物种i、物种k之间的生态重叠值,PijPkj 分别表示物种i、物种k在资源状态j内的个体数占物种i、物种k所有个体数的比例,r为资源集合中的总单元数。Qik 的取值范围为0~1,Qik 越大表示两物种间的生态位重叠值越大。
采用Jaccard相似性系数Cj 来反映2个群落之间的相似程度(李金星等,2022),Cj=j/a+b-j,式中,a为A草原类型中蝗虫种数,b为B草原类型中蝗虫种数,j为A、B两类草原类型中共有蝗虫种类数。根据相似性系数对不同草原类型蝗虫群落的相似性级别进行划分,0.75<相似性系数≤1.00,为极相似;0.50<相似性系数≤0.75,为中等相似;0.25<相似性系数≤0.50,为中等不相似;0≤相似性系数≤0.25,为极不相似。
运用非度量多维尺度分析来可视化昭苏县不同类型草原蝗虫群落的Beta多样性(Anderson,2001)。非度量多尺度(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)分析基于Bray-Curtis相异矩阵,通过R语言vegan包中的metaMDS函数实现。该方法能更有效地提取群落数据的内在结构,其二维排序图可直观反映不同草原蝗虫群落的结构差异,点集聚集或分散的程度代表了蝗虫群落组成的相似性。此外,为检验不同草原类型间蝗虫群落结构差异的显著性,采用置换多元方差分析,通过vegan包中的adonis函数实现,置换次数设定为999次,以P<0.05表示差异显著,并利用R2值量化生境类型对蝗虫群落结构变异的解释度。
本次调查共采集蝗虫标本20 434头,隶属于5科14属24种。网翅蝗科数量占比最高,达到52.55%,涉及7属15种蝗虫,其中牧草蝗属Omocestus和雏蝗属Chorthippus各5种,肿脉蝗属Stauroderus、曲背蝗属Pararcyptera、异爪蝗属Euchorthippus、米纹蝗属Notostaurus和戟纹蝗属Dociostaurus各1种;斑腿蝗科蝗虫占比次之,为37.36%,涉及2属4种(表1)。
从物种相对多度来看,所采集的24种蝗虫中,优势种2种,常见种15种,稀有种7种(表1)。意大利蝗和红腹牧草蝗Omocestus haemorrhoidalis的数量最多相对多度分别为36.94%和10.10%,均为优势种;白边雏蝗Chorthippus albomarginatus和肿脉蝗Stauroderus scalaris数量次之,相对多度分别为7.37%和6.63%,为常见种(表1)。
不同类型草原中蝗虫种类组成、优势种存在显著差异,3种类型草原蝗虫数量及种类数从大到小为温性草原>温性草甸草原>高寒草甸草原。在温性草原共采集到19种11 159头蝗虫,种群数量最高;其中意大利蝗为绝对优势种,相对多度高达45.71%,稀有种有4种,分别为红胫牧草蝗Omocestus ventralis、长角雏蝗Chorthippus longicornis、大绿洲蝗Chrysochraon dispar major和蓝斑翅蝗Oedipoda caerulescens;其他15种均为常见种(表2)。在温性草甸草原共采集到17种7 804头蝗虫,其中优势种有3种,分别为意大利蝗、肿脉蝗和红腹牧草蝗,其相对多度分别为30.79%、11.93%和10.37%;稀有种为蓝斑翅蝗,相对多度为0.90%;常见种14种,包括白边雏蝗、拟黑翅牧草蝗Omocestus peliopteroides和异色雏蝗Chorthippus biguttulus等(表2)。高寒草原的蝗虫群落与其他两类草原存在明显差异,共采集到9种1 501头,其中优势种有3种,分别为拟黑翅牧草蝗、红腹牧草蝗和西伯利亚蝗Gomphocerus sibiricus,相对多度分别为38.04%、18.59%和17.19%,稀有种较多,如褐橄裸蝗Conophyma oliva和昭苏裸蝗Conophyma zhaosuensis,相对多度分别为7.93%和2.93%(表2)。
3种类型草原的蝗虫群落物种丰富度存在极显著差异(F=34.64,P<0.001),温性草原蝗虫群落物种丰富度指数最高,为2.10,温性草甸草原蝗虫群落次之,为1.85,高寒草甸草原蝗虫群落物种丰富度指数最低,为1.35(图1)。优势度指数在3种类型草原的蝗虫群落间均无显著差异(F=1.36,P=0.27),温性草原、温性草甸草原和高寒草甸草原蝗虫群落的优势度分别为0.74、0.80和0.76(图1)。多样性指数在3种类型草原蝗虫群落间存在显著差异(F=7.07,P<0.05),温高寒草甸草原蝗虫群落的多样性指数为1.63,显著低于温性草原和温性草甸草原蝗虫群落(图1)。均匀度指数在3种类型草原蝗虫群落间存在显著差异(F=3.80,P=0.03),温性草原蝗虫群落的均匀度指数显著低于温性草甸草原和高寒草甸草原蝗虫群落(图1),说明不同类型草原中蝗虫分布的不均匀程度不同,表明温性草原中某一物种占据主导地位,其他物种的丰度较低,资源分布不均;而其他2种类型草原相对于温性草原生态系统资源的利用更加均匀,可能具有更高的生态稳定性和更强的抵抗力。
在24种蝗虫中,红胫牧草蝗的生态位宽度最大,为0.95,其次为红腹牧草蝗、拟黑翅牧草蝗、白边雏蝗、新疆拟槌角蝗Gomphoceroides xinjiangensis,生态位宽度分别为0.84、0.84、0.67和0.66,表明这些蝗虫有较强的生态适应性与资源利用能力。相反,曲线牧草蝗Omocestus petraeus、狭条戟纹蝗Dociostaurus brevicollis、绿牧草蝗Omocestus viridulus、大绿洲蝗、西伯利亚蝗、黑腿星翅蝗、昭苏裸蝗和褐橄裸蝗的生态位宽度最小,均为0.33(图2),这些物种仅分布于一种草原类型中,表现出高度的生境特异性。
在生态位重叠矩阵中,共有28对蝗虫之间的重叠度≥0.99,表明这些高度重叠蝗虫在空间分布和资源利用上高度相似,种间竞争较强。而曲线牧草蝗、狭条戟纹蝗、绿牧草蝗、大绿洲蝗、西伯利亚蝗、黑腿星翅蝗、昭苏裸蝗和褐橄裸蝗这些仅存在于一种草原类型中,与绝大多数蝗虫的重叠度为0(图2),表明它们生态位高度特化,与其他物种无资源利用冲突。
温性草原与温性草甸草原的蝗虫群落相似性系数最高,达到0.80。相比之下,温性草原与高寒草甸草原的蝗虫群落相似性系数仅为0.22,温性草甸草原与高寒草甸草原的蝗虫群落相似性系数为0.24,均处于较低水平,说明高寒草甸草原的蝗虫群落与2种温性草原蝗虫群落存在明显差异(表3)。
基于Bray-Curtis距离的NMDS分析结果显示,3种草原类型的蝗虫群落结构存在明显分离(图3)。压力函数值为0.063,表明分析结果的拟合度非常高。置换多元方差分析进一步验证了不同草原类型间蝗虫群落结构存在显著差异(P<0.05),草原类型解释了蝗虫群落变异的63.60%,是影响蝗虫群落组成的主要因子。高寒草甸草原的样地在(NMDS)轴上显著分离于其他两类型草原,而温性草甸草原与温性草原的样地则在(NMDS)1轴负值区域重叠较多,表明其群落组成具有一定的相似性(图3)。
本研究在昭苏县共采集到24种蝗虫,优势种为意大利蝗和红腹牧草蝗。这一结果与宋兴敏等(2025)关于新疆全域及伊犁州蝗虫优势种分布的研究结论高度一致。与陈永林(1981)早期记录的新疆及昭苏蝗虫区系相比,物种组成发生明显更替,虽然意大利蝗、黑腿星翅蝗、狭条戟纹蝗和红腹牧草蝗等种群保持稳定,但土兰曲背蝗Pararcyptera microptera turanica、简蚍蝗Eremippus simplex和黑赤翅蝗Celes variabilis等历史记录种未发现,而绿牧草蝗、褐橄裸蝗、新疆拟槌角蝗、红足米纹蝗和拟黑翅牧草蝗等成为新增记录种。这种群落结构动态变化可能与近几十年来的气候暖湿化趋势及草地利用方式(如人类活动、放牧强度)的综合影响有关(Latchininsky,2013宋兴敏等,2025)。此外,乔永民等(1999)指出新疆蝗虫区系有高度的特有性,特有种占比达22.3%,本研究结果印证了这一观点,在高寒草甸发现的昭苏裸蝗和褐橄裸蝗可能属于此类特有种,反映了昭苏县作为山地-草甸过渡带具有的物种特异性。
草原类型通过微气候环境与植被结构对蝗虫群落产生显著的生境筛选作用(Diaz & Cabido,1997)。本研究发现高寒草甸草原蝗虫群落的丰富度和多样性均显著低于温性草原和温性草甸草原蝗虫群落。这一结果与钱秀娟等(2024)在甘肃省草原的研究结果一致,表明高寒草甸草原低温、海拔和植被等环境因子可能限制了蝗虫群落的聚集和维持。相比之下,温性草甸草原蝗虫群落的多样性指数最高,呈现出与祁连山地区类似的分布格局(郑成卓等,2023),蝗虫群落多样性指数从高到低分别为温性草原>低地草甸>温性荒漠>高寒草甸。这种多样性分布格局可能因为海拔梯度变化的水热条件共同决定了植被的生产力与结构复杂性,进而影响蝗虫多样性(Körner,2007)。此外,本研究中3种类型草原的蝗虫群落优势度指数无显著差异,这与李金星等(2022)李东红等(2024)的研究结果类似,均指出不同草地类型蝗虫群落的优势度指数差异不显著,表明在区域尺度上蝗虫群落的优势种结构可能受更大尺度环境因子(如气候)的调控,而非由局部生境差异决定。
生态位宽度和重叠度是衡量物种对环境资源利用能力及种间关系的重要指标。秦兴虎等(2015)在内蒙古典型草原的研究表明生态位宽度较大的物种往往为群落的优势种,但本研究结果并未完全支持这一观点。本研究中红胫牧草蝗的生态位宽度最大,表明其具有极强的生态可塑性,能利用温性草原、草甸草原等多种生境资源。相比之下,意大利蝗为绝对优势种,对生境具有较强的选择性,但其具有极高的繁殖潜力和表型可塑性,一旦环境条件适宜,该物种能迅速抢占资源并暴发成灾(Sergeev,2021)。西伯利亚蝗、昭苏裸蝗和褐橄裸蝗等8种蝗虫生态位宽度最小,仅分布于单一生境,显示出对特定环境因子的高度依赖性。在生态位重叠方面,本研究显示大部分物种之间的重叠度较高,反映了昭苏县草原蝗虫在空间分布和资源利用上有较高的相似性。然而,这些物种在昭苏县草原能够长期稳定共存首先可能是因为降水充沛,植被覆盖度高,食物资源相对丰富。当资源供给超过群落中个体的总需求时,种间竞争强度会显著降低,允许生态位高度重叠的物种共存(Pianka,1974)。其次是多维生态位的互补分化,康乐和陈永林(1994)提出的多维生态位理论指出,共存物种若在空间维度上高度重叠,往往会在时间或营养维度上发生分化。例如,王婷(2016)针对新疆7种主要蝗虫的食性分析证实,即便是在同一生境中共存的蝗虫,其寄主选择也存在显著分化。因此,推测昭苏县草原的蝗虫同样通过多维生态位分化及丰富的资源,从而在维持高生态位重叠的同时避免了资源利用冲突。
群落相似性与NMDS分析揭示了生境异质性对蝗虫群落空间格局的塑造作用,其结果表明草原类型是解释群落变异的主要驱动力。这与刘宇贤等(2025b)Song et al.(2024)研究结论一致,即生境异质性是驱动草原蝗虫群落空间格局的重要因素。综上,昭苏县草原蝗虫群落结构受草原类型显著调控。鉴于温性草原和温性草甸草原的蝗虫群落相似性较高且是意大利蝗和红腹牧草蝗主要优势种的集中发生区,建议将其列为重点监测区域,并关注意大利蝗和红腹牧草蝗的扩散潜力。同时加强高寒草甸草原保护与管理,侧重于保护稀有种蝗虫,以实现蝗虫群落的可持续调控。
  • 第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0401)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025160
  • 接收时间:2025-11-10
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-10
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第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0401)
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    1.新疆农业大学农学院,农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.伊犁哈萨克自治州治蝗灭鼠指挥中心,新疆 伊宁 835000
    3.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100193
    4.中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆 昌吉 831100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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