Article(id=1266470631135666525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025131, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1758556800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879728348, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879728348, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879728348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879728348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879723857, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=419, endPage=429, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470632603672927, articleId=1266470631135666525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Screening, compounding of fungicides and their control effect against gray mold of Chenopodium quinoa, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To identify effective fungicides for the control of gray mold in quinoa Chenopodium quinoa, the inhibitory effects and in vitro toxicity of 12 fungicides against pathogen Botrytis cinerea were determined. Two fungicides with different modes of action were selected for combination, and the optimal volume ratio and formulation of the combined fungicides were determined. The efficacy of the combined fungicides against gray mold in quinoa was comprehensively evaluated through in vitro leaf tests, in vitro pot experiments and field trials. The results showed that pydiflumetofen, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin had significant in vitro toxicity against B.cinerea, with EC50 values of 0.49, 0.39, 0.09 and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. When the volume ratio of pydiflumetofen to tebuconazole was 4∶6 and 5∶5, it showed a synergistic effect, with toxicity ratios of 1.49 and 1.37, respectively. When the mass ratio of pydiflumetofen and tebuconazole was 9∶2, the synergistic effect was optimal, and the synergistic coefficient was 2.85. After treatment with high and medium concentrations of the combined fungicides, the protective and treatment effect on in vitro leaves were 94.97%-97.18%, and the protective and treatment effect of indoor pot experiments were 71.45%-82.01%. The field control effects of the high and medium concentrations of the compound fungicides were 87.77% and 79.91%, respectively, which were higher than other treatments, and could significantly increase the yield of quinoa. It was indicated that the field recommended concentration of 200 g/L pydiflumetofen suspension concentrate (SC) and 430 g/L tebuconazole SC at a mass ratio of 9∶2 (200 μg/mL pydiflumetofen + 44.4 μg/mL tebuconazole and 160 μg/mL pydiflumetofen + 35.6 μg/mL tebuconazole) could not only effectively control gray mold in quinoa, but also significantly increase quinoa yield.

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为明确有效防治藜麦灰霉病的药剂,测定12种杀菌剂对藜麦灰霉病菌灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制效果和室内毒力,筛选出两种作用位点不同的杀菌剂进行复配,明确复配药剂的最佳体积比和配方,并通过离体叶片试验、室内盆栽试验和大田试验综合测定复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病的防效。结果显示:氟唑菌酰羟胺、嘧菌酯、戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯对灰葡萄孢菌的室内毒力均较好,抑制中浓度EC50分别为0.49、0.39、0.09和0.03 μg/mL;选择氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇进行复配,当氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照4∶6和5∶5体积比复配时,毒性比率分别为1.49和1.37,表现增效作用;当氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照9∶2质量比复配时,增效作用最大,增效系数达2.85;高、中浓度的复配药剂处理后,离体叶片试验的保护防效和治疗防效为94.97%~97.18%,室内盆栽试验的保护防效和治疗防效为71.45%~82.01%,田间防效分别为87.77%和79.91%,均高于其他处理;且高、中浓度的复配药剂处理能显著提高藜麦产量。表明当200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂与430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂有效成分按质量比9∶2(200 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+44.4 μg/mL戊唑醇和160 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+35.6 μg/mL戊唑醇)复配不仅可有效防治藜麦灰霉病,而且能显著增加藜麦产量。

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Cytological studies of effects of tebuconazole on infection process of Fusarium graminearum on wheat spikes. 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Formulation and application of fungicide tebuconazole. 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Phytotoxic mechanisms of triazole fungicides on rice plants and their solutions. 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Virulence synergism of pydiflumetofen and prochloraz complex to Chinese wolfberry root rot. 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Allied t oxicity and residual dynamics of procymidone and fludioxonil on gray mold of cucumber. 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Study on the control effect and yield-increasing effect of mixed use of drugs and fertilizers on wheat scab and sheath blight. 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Control effect of wuyiencin and cyprodinil on Botrytis cinerea . 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Inhibition rates of different fungicides against Botrytis cinerea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杀菌剂Fungicide不同浓度的抑制率Inhibitory rate of different concentrations/%
10 μg/mL1 μg/mL
戊唑醇 Tebuconazole100.00±0.00 a88.68±0.19 a
咪鲜胺 Prochloraz69.70±3.12 cd54.11±1.15 d
嘧菌酯 Azoxystrobin100.00±0.00 a56.09±0.76 cd
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin82.24±0.93 b62.75±1.97 b
乙霉威 Dimethocarb67.80±0.89 d54.87±1.36 d

氟唑菌酰羟胺

Pydiflumetofen

71.38±1.09 c59.61±0.22 bc

苯并烯氟菌唑

Benzovindiflupyr

35.29±0.68 h9.80±0.39 h
联苯吡菌胺Bixafen23.53±1.36 i18.04±0.39 g
氟吡菌酰胺Fluopyram41.18±0.68 g16.86±0.78 g
氟唑菌酰胺Fluxapyroxad45.88±0.68 f23.92±0.39 f
多菌灵Carbendazim10.65±0.65 j4.21±1.02 i
啶酰菌胺Boscalid51.05±0.32 e22.86±1.44 f
), ArticleFig(id=1266746737046733055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同单剂对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杀菌剂Fungicide不同浓度的抑制率Inhibitory rate of different concentrations/%
10 μg/mL1 μg/mL
戊唑醇 Tebuconazole100.00±0.00 a88.68±0.19 a
咪鲜胺 Prochloraz69.70±3.12 cd54.11±1.15 d
嘧菌酯 Azoxystrobin100.00±0.00 a56.09±0.76 cd
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin82.24±0.93 b62.75±1.97 b
乙霉威 Dimethocarb67.80±0.89 d54.87±1.36 d

氟唑菌酰羟胺

Pydiflumetofen

71.38±1.09 c59.61±0.22 bc

苯并烯氟菌唑

Benzovindiflupyr

35.29±0.68 h9.80±0.39 h
联苯吡菌胺Bixafen23.53±1.36 i18.04±0.39 g
氟吡菌酰胺Fluopyram41.18±0.68 g16.86±0.78 g
氟唑菌酰胺Fluxapyroxad45.88±0.68 f23.92±0.39 f
多菌灵Carbendazim10.65±0.65 j4.21±1.02 i
啶酰菌胺Boscalid51.05±0.32 e22.86±1.44 f
), ArticleFig(id=1266746737155784960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indoor toxicity of four fungicide against Botrytis cinerea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杀菌剂

Fungicide

毒力回归方程

Toxicity regression equation

95%置信限

95% confidence limit/(μg/mL)

EC50/(μg/mL)

相关系数

Coefficient

氟唑菌酰羟胺 Pydiflumetofeny=0.40x1+5.120.23-0.840.490.967
嘧菌酯 Azoxystrobiny=0.65x1+5.260.26-0.550.390.968
戊唑醇 Tebuconazoley=1.17x1+6.220.06-0.120.090.956
吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobiny=0.20x1+5.300.01-0.110.030.984
), ArticleFig(id=1266746737436803329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4种杀菌剂对灰葡萄孢菌的室内毒力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杀菌剂

Fungicide

毒力回归方程

Toxicity regression equation

95%置信限

95% confidence limit/(μg/mL)

EC50/(μg/mL)

相关系数

Coefficient

氟唑菌酰羟胺 Pydiflumetofeny=0.40x1+5.120.23-0.840.490.967
嘧菌酯 Azoxystrobiny=0.65x1+5.260.26-0.550.390.968
戊唑醇 Tebuconazoley=1.17x1+6.220.06-0.120.090.956
吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobiny=0.20x1+5.300.01-0.110.030.984
), ArticleFig(id=1266746737503912194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Inhibition rate and toxicity ratio of combinations for three fungicides against Botrytis cinerea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

菌落直径

Colony diameter/cm

实际抑制率

Actual inhibition

rate/%

理论抑制率

Theoretical

inhibition rate/%

毒性比率Toxic ratio
氟唑菌酰羟胺 Pydiflumetofen3.9842.83±0.90 b--
戊唑醇 Tebuconazole4.0841.40±1.22 b--
吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin2.3654.70±0.48 a--

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇复配

Combination of pydiflumetofen and tebuconazole

3.2653.48±1.10 a42.121.27

氟唑菌酰羟胺与吡唑醚菌酯复配

Combination of pydiflumetofen and pyraclostrobin

2.9243.91±3.66 b48.770.90

加入无菌水的对照平板

Control plate with sterile water (CK1)

6.96---

加入水杨羟肟酸的对照平板

Control plate with salicylhydroxamic acid (CK2)

5.21---
), ArticleFig(id=1266746737856233731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

3种杀菌剂复配对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率和毒性比率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

菌落直径

Colony diameter/cm

实际抑制率

Actual inhibition

rate/%

理论抑制率

Theoretical

inhibition rate/%

毒性比率Toxic ratio
氟唑菌酰羟胺 Pydiflumetofen3.9842.83±0.90 b--
戊唑醇 Tebuconazole4.0841.40±1.22 b--
吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin2.3654.70±0.48 a--

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇复配

Combination of pydiflumetofen and tebuconazole

3.2653.48±1.10 a42.121.27

氟唑菌酰羟胺与吡唑醚菌酯复配

Combination of pydiflumetofen and pyraclostrobin

2.9243.91±3.66 b48.770.90

加入无菌水的对照平板

Control plate with sterile water (CK1)

6.96---

加入水杨羟肟酸的对照平板

Control plate with salicylhydroxamic acid (CK2)

5.21---
), ArticleFig(id=1266746737940119812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Inhibition rate and toxicity ratio of the mixture of flusilazole and tebuconazole with differentvolume ratios against Botrytis cinerea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇的体积比

Volume ratio of pydiflumetofen to tebuconazole

菌落直径

Colony diameter/cm

实际抑制率

Actual inhibition rate/%

理论抑制率

Theoretical inhibition rate/%

毒性比率

Toxic ratio

10∶02.8251.91±0.93 d51.931.00
9∶12.7358.45±0.98 c51.251.14
8∶22.5462.13±1.78 bc50.591.23
7∶32.4364.09±0.70 b49.931.28
6∶42.4763.31±0.51 b49.271.28
5∶52.3066.47±0.46 b48.611.37
4∶62.0371.53±1.66 a47.951.49
3∶73.7639.44±1.83 f47.290.83
2∶83.8238.20±2.27 f46.630.82
1∶93.2748.49±1.99 de45.971.05
0∶103.2245.31±1.48 e45.311.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746738313412869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按不同体积比复配对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率和毒性比率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇的体积比

Volume ratio of pydiflumetofen to tebuconazole

菌落直径

Colony diameter/cm

实际抑制率

Actual inhibition rate/%

理论抑制率

Theoretical inhibition rate/%

毒性比率

Toxic ratio

10∶02.8251.91±0.93 d51.931.00
9∶12.7358.45±0.98 c51.251.14
8∶22.5462.13±1.78 bc50.591.23
7∶32.4364.09±0.70 b49.931.28
6∶42.4763.31±0.51 b49.271.28
5∶52.3066.47±0.46 b48.611.37
4∶62.0371.53±1.66 a47.951.49
3∶73.7639.44±1.83 f47.290.83
2∶83.8238.20±2.27 f46.630.82
1∶93.2748.49±1.99 de45.971.05
0∶103.2245.31±1.48 e45.311.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746738376327430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Indoor toxicity and synergistic coefficient of the mixture of flusilazole and tebuconazolewith different mass ratios against Botrytis cinerea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇质量比

Mass ratio of pydiflumetofen to tebuconazole

毒力回归方程

Toxicity regression

equation

EC50/(µg/mL)

相关系数

Correlation

coefficient

增效系数

Synergisticcoefficient

实测值

Measured value

理论值

Theoretical value

3∶1y=0.77x2+5.860.090.230.9852.48
7∶2y=0.95x2+5.910.110.240.9802.16
4∶1y=0.88x2+5.830.110.260.9812.33
9∶2y=1.01x2+6.030.100.270.9792.85
5∶1y=0.54x2+5.420.160.280.9881.73
11∶2y=0.45x2+5.300.220.290.9711.35
6∶1y=0.38x2+5.300.160.300.9801.87
), ArticleFig(id=1266746738430853383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按不同质量比复配对灰葡萄孢菌的室内毒力和增效系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇质量比

Mass ratio of pydiflumetofen to tebuconazole

毒力回归方程

Toxicity regression

equation

EC50/(µg/mL)

相关系数

Correlation

coefficient

增效系数

Synergisticcoefficient

实测值

Measured value

理论值

Theoretical value

3∶1y=0.77x2+5.860.090.230.9852.48
7∶2y=0.95x2+5.910.110.240.9802.16
4∶1y=0.88x2+5.830.110.260.9812.33
9∶2y=1.01x2+6.030.100.270.9792.85
5∶1y=0.54x2+5.420.160.280.9881.73
11∶2y=0.45x2+5.300.220.290.9711.35
6∶1y=0.38x2+5.300.160.300.9801.87
), ArticleFig(id=1266746738523128072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Indoor efficacy of detached leaves and pot cultivation of a combination of flusadone and tebuconazole at different concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

有效成分及浓度

Effective component and concentration

离体叶片Detached leaves盆栽Pot cultivation

治疗防效

Therapeutic

effect

保护防效

Protection

effect

治疗防效

Therapeutic

effect

保护防效

Protection

effect

高浓度复配药剂

High-concentration

compound agent

200 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+44.4 µg/mL戊唑醇

200 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+44.4 µg/mL

tebuconazole

96.61±

0.31 a

97.18±

0.38 a

82.01±

0.17 a

79.67±

0.94 a

中浓度复配药剂

Medium-concentration compound agent

160 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+35.6 µg/mL戊唑醇

160 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+35.6 µg/mL

tebuconazole

94.97±

0.31 a

95.00±

1.28 ab

71.45±

1.56 b

73.10±

1.09 b

低浓度复配药剂

Low-concentration

compound agent

120 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+26.7 µg/mL戊唑醇

120 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+ 26.7 µg/mL

tebuconazole

87.64±

1.09 b

92.38±

0.48 b

67.13±

0.92 c

66.32±

1.03 c

200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺

200 g/L pydiflumetofen

260 µg/mL

72.76±

0.51 d

94.6±

1.80 ab

61.42±

1.54 d

68.79±

1.14 c

430 g/L戊唑醇

430 g/L tebuconazole

215 µg/mL

81.30±

0.86 c

80.91±

0.58 c

69.38±

0.30 bc

57.70±

2.91 d

), ArticleFig(id=1266746738598625545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同浓度复配药剂的室内离体叶片防效和室内盆栽防效

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

有效成分及浓度

Effective component and concentration

离体叶片Detached leaves盆栽Pot cultivation

治疗防效

Therapeutic

effect

保护防效

Protection

effect

治疗防效

Therapeutic

effect

保护防效

Protection

effect

高浓度复配药剂

High-concentration

compound agent

200 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+44.4 µg/mL戊唑醇

200 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+44.4 µg/mL

tebuconazole

96.61±

0.31 a

97.18±

0.38 a

82.01±

0.17 a

79.67±

0.94 a

中浓度复配药剂

Medium-concentration compound agent

160 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+35.6 µg/mL戊唑醇

160 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+35.6 µg/mL

tebuconazole

94.97±

0.31 a

95.00±

1.28 ab

71.45±

1.56 b

73.10±

1.09 b

低浓度复配药剂

Low-concentration

compound agent

120 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+26.7 µg/mL戊唑醇

120 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+ 26.7 µg/mL

tebuconazole

87.64±

1.09 b

92.38±

0.48 b

67.13±

0.92 c

66.32±

1.03 c

200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺

200 g/L pydiflumetofen

260 µg/mL

72.76±

0.51 d

94.6±

1.80 ab

61.42±

1.54 d

68.79±

1.14 c

430 g/L戊唑醇

430 g/L tebuconazole

215 µg/mL

81.30±

0.86 c

80.91±

0.58 c

69.38±

0.30 bc

57.70±

2.91 d

), ArticleFig(id=1266746738669928714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Field efficacy and impact on quinoa yield of a combination of flusadone and tebuconazole at different concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

有效成分及浓度

Effective component and

concentration

田间防效

Field

efficacy/%

千粒重

Thousand seed

weight/g

小区产量

Plot yield/kg

产量

Output/

(kg/hm2

增产率

Yield

increasing

rate/%

高浓度复配药剂

High-concentration

compound agent

200 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+

44.4 µg/mL戊唑醇

200 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+

44.4 µg/mL tebuconazole

87.77±0.87 a2.74±0.04 a3.40±0.06 a1 702.06±28.77 a21.38

中浓度复配药剂

Medium-concentration

compound agent

160 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺

+35.6 µg/mL戊唑醇

160 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+

35.6 µg/mL tebuconazole

79.91±1.16 b2.66±0.03 b2.29±0.05 ab1 643.08±26.39 ab17.17

低浓度复配药剂

Low-concentration

compound agent

120 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+

26.7 µg/mL戊唑醇

120 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+

26.7 µg/mL tebuconazole

71.62±1.57 c2.58±0.04 c3.09±0.10 c1 545.96±48.25 c10.25

200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺

200 g/L pydiflum

etofen

260 µg/mL62.88±0.44 d2.57±0.04 c3.10±0.08 c1 548.85±40.03 c10.45

430 g/L戊唑醇

430 g/L tebuconazole

215 µg/mL70.74±1.15 c2.69±0.03 ab3.17±0.07 bc1 588.00±35.22 bc13.24
对照CK2.51±0.05 d2.81±0.04 d1 402.27±18.49 d
), ArticleFig(id=1266746738741231883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470631135666525, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同浓度复配药剂的田间防效及对藜麦产量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

处理

Treatment

有效成分及浓度

Effective component and

concentration

田间防效

Field

efficacy/%

千粒重

Thousand seed

weight/g

小区产量

Plot yield/kg

产量

Output/

(kg/hm2

增产率

Yield

increasing

rate/%

高浓度复配药剂

High-concentration

compound agent

200 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+

44.4 µg/mL戊唑醇

200 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+

44.4 µg/mL tebuconazole

87.77±0.87 a2.74±0.04 a3.40±0.06 a1 702.06±28.77 a21.38

中浓度复配药剂

Medium-concentration

compound agent

160 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺

+35.6 µg/mL戊唑醇

160 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+

35.6 µg/mL tebuconazole

79.91±1.16 b2.66±0.03 b2.29±0.05 ab1 643.08±26.39 ab17.17

低浓度复配药剂

Low-concentration

compound agent

120 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+

26.7 µg/mL戊唑醇

120 µg/mL pydiflumetofen+

26.7 µg/mL tebuconazole

71.62±1.57 c2.58±0.04 c3.09±0.10 c1 545.96±48.25 c10.25

200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺

200 g/L pydiflum

etofen

260 µg/mL62.88±0.44 d2.57±0.04 c3.10±0.08 c1 548.85±40.03 c10.45

430 g/L戊唑醇

430 g/L tebuconazole

215 µg/mL70.74±1.15 c2.69±0.03 ab3.17±0.07 bc1 588.00±35.22 bc13.24
对照CK2.51±0.05 d2.81±0.04 d1 402.27±18.49 d
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藜麦灰霉病防治药剂的筛选、复配及其防效
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徐紫璐 1 , 马馨蕊 1 , 赵雨 1 , 秦楠 1, 2 , 殷辉 1, 2 , 赵晓军 1, 2 , 任璐 1, 2
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 419-429
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植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026, 53(2): 419-429
藜麦灰霉病防治药剂的筛选、复配及其防效
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徐紫璐1, 马馨蕊1, 赵雨1, 秦楠1, 2, 殷辉1, 2, 赵晓军1, 2 , 任璐1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.山西农业大学植物保护学院,太原 030031
  • 2.山西农业大学农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室,太原 030031

通讯作者:

Screening, compounding of fungicides and their control effect against gray mold of Chenopodium quinoa
Zilu Xu1, Xinrui Ma1, Yu Zhao1, Nan Qin1, 2, Hui Yin1, 2, Xiaojun Zhao1, 2 , Lu Ren1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • 2.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agricultur; Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025131
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为明确有效防治藜麦灰霉病的药剂,测定12种杀菌剂对藜麦灰霉病菌灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制效果和室内毒力,筛选出两种作用位点不同的杀菌剂进行复配,明确复配药剂的最佳体积比和配方,并通过离体叶片试验、室内盆栽试验和大田试验综合测定复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病的防效。结果显示:氟唑菌酰羟胺、嘧菌酯、戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯对灰葡萄孢菌的室内毒力均较好,抑制中浓度EC50分别为0.49、0.39、0.09和0.03 μg/mL;选择氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇进行复配,当氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照4∶6和5∶5体积比复配时,毒性比率分别为1.49和1.37,表现增效作用;当氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照9∶2质量比复配时,增效作用最大,增效系数达2.85;高、中浓度的复配药剂处理后,离体叶片试验的保护防效和治疗防效为94.97%~97.18%,室内盆栽试验的保护防效和治疗防效为71.45%~82.01%,田间防效分别为87.77%和79.91%,均高于其他处理;且高、中浓度的复配药剂处理能显著提高藜麦产量。表明当200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂与430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂有效成分按质量比9∶2(200 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+44.4 μg/mL戊唑醇和160 µg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+35.6 μg/mL戊唑醇)复配不仅可有效防治藜麦灰霉病,而且能显著增加藜麦产量。

灰葡萄孢菌  /  氟唑菌酰羟胺  /  戊唑醇  /  复配  /  防效  /  配方  /  田间试验

To identify effective fungicides for the control of gray mold in quinoa Chenopodium quinoa, the inhibitory effects and in vitro toxicity of 12 fungicides against pathogen Botrytis cinerea were determined. Two fungicides with different modes of action were selected for combination, and the optimal volume ratio and formulation of the combined fungicides were determined. The efficacy of the combined fungicides against gray mold in quinoa was comprehensively evaluated through in vitro leaf tests, in vitro pot experiments and field trials. The results showed that pydiflumetofen, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin had significant in vitro toxicity against B.cinerea, with EC50 values of 0.49, 0.39, 0.09 and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. When the volume ratio of pydiflumetofen to tebuconazole was 4∶6 and 5∶5, it showed a synergistic effect, with toxicity ratios of 1.49 and 1.37, respectively. When the mass ratio of pydiflumetofen and tebuconazole was 9∶2, the synergistic effect was optimal, and the synergistic coefficient was 2.85. After treatment with high and medium concentrations of the combined fungicides, the protective and treatment effect on in vitro leaves were 94.97%-97.18%, and the protective and treatment effect of indoor pot experiments were 71.45%-82.01%. The field control effects of the high and medium concentrations of the compound fungicides were 87.77% and 79.91%, respectively, which were higher than other treatments, and could significantly increase the yield of quinoa. It was indicated that the field recommended concentration of 200 g/L pydiflumetofen suspension concentrate (SC) and 430 g/L tebuconazole SC at a mass ratio of 9∶2 (200 μg/mL pydiflumetofen + 44.4 μg/mL tebuconazole and 160 μg/mL pydiflumetofen + 35.6 μg/mL tebuconazole) could not only effectively control gray mold in quinoa, but also significantly increase quinoa yield.

Botrytis cinerea  /  pydiflumetofen  /  tebuconazole  /  mixture  /  efficacy  /  recipe  /  field experiment
徐紫璐, 马馨蕊, 赵雨, 秦楠, 殷辉, 赵晓军, 任璐. 藜麦灰霉病防治药剂的筛选、复配及其防效. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 419 -429 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025131
Zilu Xu, Xinrui Ma, Yu Zhao, Nan Qin, Hui Yin, Xiaojun Zhao, Lu Ren. Screening, compounding of fungicides and their control effect against gray mold of Chenopodium quinoa[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 419 -429 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025131
藜麦Chenopodium quinoa是苋科一年生草本植物,富含蛋白质、矿物质等多种营养(任贵兴等,2015),有“粮食之母”(Vega-Gálvez et al.,2010)和“营养黄金”的美誉(陶诗秀,2018)。1987年,中国西藏自治区首次引入种植藜麦(张崇玺等,1994);2008年山西省开始大规模种植藜麦,近些年随着种植面积的不断扩大,多种病害频繁发生(王昶等,2025)。灰霉病是近年来在藜麦种植区普遍发生的一种病害,该病害由真菌灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea引起,通常发生在藜麦灌浆期,主要侵染穗主轴、侧轴及籽粒,发病部位出现不规则坏死病斑,严重田块的发病率超过60%,严重影响其产量(殷辉等,2022)。目前针对该病害的防治措施仍然依赖化学手段,但在生产实践中连续使用单一杀菌剂极易引起病原菌产生抗性。因此,筛选防治藜麦灰霉病的复配制剂迫在眉睫(王雅玲等,2009)。
氟唑菌酰羟胺属于琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,SDHI)类杀菌剂,是由先正达公司研发的新型杀菌剂,该杀菌剂为病菌呼吸抑制剂,主要通过干扰呼吸链复合体II来阻止能量合成,从而抑制病菌生长,杀死病菌(Hou et al.,2017)。氟唑菌酰羟胺因具有结构新颖、活性高、杀菌广谱的特点而被广泛用于防治多种作物的真菌病害(邓红霞和钱跃言,2017)。此外,与苯并咪唑、三唑类和甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂不同,氟唑菌酰羟胺不容易与其他种类的杀菌剂产生交互抗性(冷伟锋等,2022)。目前,根据中国农药信息网(http://www.chinapesticide.org.cn)及相关报道显示,氟唑菌酰羟胺已在中国登记用于小麦赤霉病(向礼波等,2018)、花生叶斑病(孙名帅等,2025)等多种植物真菌病害的防治。2022年先正达公司研发的杀菌剂Postiva在美国上市,该杀菌剂由氟唑菌酰羟胺与苯醚甲环唑复配,用于防治园艺作物的灰霉病、叶斑病及白粉病等;先正达公司在澳大利亚又推出一种预防性杀菌剂Miravis Prime,该杀菌剂由氟唑菌酰羟胺与咯菌腈复配,用于防治葡萄灰霉病(汪国庆等,2024)。戊唑醇是拜耳公司研发的三唑类杀菌剂,属于甾醇脱甲基抑制剂(sterol demethylation inhibitor,DMI),其主要通过抑制病原真菌中麦角甾醇的生物合成(齐艳丽等,2020)来增加细胞壁的厚度,致使病原菌菌丝的形态和结构发生变形,从而达到抑制病原真菌生长的目的(韩青梅等,2005Li et al.,2015),同时具有保护和治疗的作用(华乃震,2013);可用于防治子囊菌、半知菌、担子菌等大多数病原真菌所引起的病害(黄世文等,2022)。例如,胡妍月等(2021)研究结果表明96%戊唑醇对猕猴桃灰霉病有较好的防效,适合在猕猴桃果园推广使用;李宝燕等(2024)研究结果表明30%嘧菌环胺·戊唑醇对葡萄灰霉病的田间防效可达90%。此外,戊唑醇还能促进作物及其根系生长,提高作物产量(栾晖,2025)。因此,本研究拟分析氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇复配的可行性及其对藜麦灰霉病的防效。
为有效防治藜麦灰霉病,从中国农药信息网查询,选择已经取得农药登记并在生产中用于防治灰霉病的12种杀菌剂,测定其对藜麦灰霉病菌灰葡萄孢菌的抑制效果和室内毒力,筛选出两种作用位点不同的杀菌剂进行复配,明确复配药剂的最佳体积比和配方,并通过离体叶片、室内盆栽和大田试验综合测定复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病的防效,以期为实际生产中藜麦灰霉病的防控提供备选复配药剂。
供试植物和菌株:离体叶片及室内盆栽试验藜麦品种为稼琪100,田间试验藜麦品种为晋藜6号,均由山西农业大学农作物品种资源研究所提供。灰葡萄孢菌由山西农业大学植物保护学院杂粮病害课题组分离纯化,置于马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar,PDA)培养基斜面上于4 ℃恒温保存;在无菌操作条件下,将PDA斜面上保存的菌株转接到PDA平板上,25 ℃下培养7 d,打取直径5 mm的菌饼备用。
PDA培养基成分:马铃薯200 g、葡萄糖20 g、琼脂粉17 g、蒸馏水1 L。
药剂和仪器:97.3%戊唑醇(tebuconazole)原药,山东华阳科技股份有限公司;97.2%咪鲜胺(prochloraz)原药、97%吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)原药,山东潍坊润丰化工有限公司;97.1%嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)原药、98%多菌灵(carbendazim)原药,山东西亚化学工业有限公司;96%乙霉威(dimethocarb)原药,河北威远生物化工股份有限公司;98%氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)原药,上海勤路生物技术有限公司;97%苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)原药、95%联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)原药、98.50%氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)原药、96%氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)原药,国家农药质量检验检测中心;97%啶酰菌胺(boscalid)原药,湖北健源化工有限公司;200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)悬浮剂,先正达南通作物保护有限公司;430 g/L戊唑醇(tebuconazole)悬浮剂,禾美思(山东)植物保护有限公司;99%水杨羟肟酸(salicylhydroxamic acid,SHAM),北京索莱宝科技有限公司。SX-MD16E-2背负式喷雾器,中国市下控股有限公司。
将戊唑醇、咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、多菌灵、乙霉威、氟唑菌酰羟胺、苯并烯氟菌唑、联苯吡菌胺、氟唑菌酰胺、啶酰菌胺和氟吡菌酰胺这12种杀菌剂的原药均溶于丙酮中,将SHAM溶于甲醇中,配制浓度均为1×104 μg/mL的母液,于4 ℃保存,备用。采用菌丝生长速率法(慕立义,1994)测定各杀菌剂单剂对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制作用。将各杀菌剂母液分别用无菌水稀释至100 μg/mL和10 μg/mL,将其分别按1∶9体积比添加到PDA培养基中,制成含药浓度分别为10 μg/mL和1 μg/mL的平板,以不加杀菌剂的PDA培养基为对照。取直径为5 mm的灰葡萄孢菌菌饼,分别接种到PDA含药平板中央,每个处理重复3次。接种后置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D的培养箱中培养,5 d后采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算抑制率。抑制率=(对照的菌落直径-处理的菌落直径)/(对照的菌落直径-5)×100%。选择抑制率较好的4种单剂进行室内毒力测定。
根据1.2.1结果,选择吡唑醚菌酯、氟唑菌酰羟胺、嘧菌酯和戊唑醇这4种单剂进行室内毒力测定。根据预试验结果,在每种杀菌剂对病原菌抑制率为15%~85%时对应的浓度之间设5个浓度梯度,吡唑醚菌酯的终浓度分别为0.1、0.5、5、25、50 μg/mL,氟唑菌酰羟胺的终浓度分别为0.5、1、5、10、20 μg/mL,嘧菌酯的终浓度分别为0.1、0.5、1、2.5、5 μg/mL,戊唑醇的终浓度分别为0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5、1 μg/mL,按照1.2.1方法分别制成含药平板。嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯属于甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂,需在PDA培养基中加入SHAM抑制旁路氧化途径,保证采用菌丝生长速率法测定甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂对菌丝抑制率的准确性,其终浓度为100 μg/mL;以含终浓度为100 μg/mL SHAM的PDA培养基为对照。取直径5 mm的灰葡萄孢菌菌饼,按照1.2.1方法接种,每个处理重复3次。接种后置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D的培养箱中培养,5 d后采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算抑制率。以不同杀菌剂浓度对数值为自变量、以抑制率为因变量进行线性回归分析,根据毒力回归方程计算抑制中浓度EC50、95%置信区间和相关系数。根据EC50筛选3种作用机制不同的单剂进行复配。
根据1.2.2结果,选择氟唑菌酰羟胺、吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇这3种作用机制不同的单剂进行复配。将这3种杀菌剂浓度调至EC50,将氟唑菌酰羟胺分别与吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇按1∶1体积比进行两两复配,然后将这3种复配药剂和各单剂分别与PDA培养基按1∶9体积比混合制成含药平板,含吡唑醚菌酯的PDA平板中同1.2.2需加入SHAM抑制旁路氧化途径,分别以加入等量无菌水和终浓度100 μg/mL SHAM的PDA培养基作为对照1(CK1)和对照2(CK2)。取直径5 mm的灰葡萄孢菌菌饼,按照1.2.1方法接种,每个处理重复3次。接种后置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D的培养箱中培养,5 d后采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算抑制率,即各处理对灰葡萄孢菌的实际抑制率。按照公式计算理论抑制率和毒性比率(范腕腕等,2026)。理论抑制率=单剂A的实际抑制率×单剂A在混剂中的体积百分百+单剂B的实际抑制率×单剂B在混剂中的体积百分百。毒性比率=实际抑制率/理论抑制率。当毒性比率<0.75时两种杀菌剂表现为拮抗作用;当0.75≤毒性比率≤1.25时两种杀菌剂表现为相加作用;当毒性比率>1.25时两种杀菌剂表现为增效作用。根据结果,选择戊唑醇和氟唑菌酰羟胺进行复配。
将氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇的浓度调至EC50,将其体积比分别设置为10∶0、9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6、3∶7、2∶8、1∶9、0∶10,按照1.2.1方法分别制成含药PDA平板,以加入等量清水的PDA培养基为空白对照;取直径5 mm的灰葡萄孢菌菌饼,按照1.2.1方法接种,每个处理重复3次。接种后置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D的培养箱中培养,5 d后采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算抑制率,即实际抑制率,方法同1.2.1,再计算理论抑制率及毒性比率,公式同1.2.3。计算这11种配比的含药PDA平板中氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇的质量浓度,并以两者之和作为该配比的测试浓度。根据最佳毒性比率确定氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇的最佳体积比为4∶6和5∶5。
将EC50的氟唑菌酰羟胺和EC50的戊唑醇复配体积比4∶6和5∶5换算为质量比,分别为3.63∶1和5.45∶1,以这两个质量比为基础分别设置3∶1、7∶2、4∶1、9∶2、5∶1、11∶2、6∶1七个质量比复配处理,按照1.2.1方法分别制成含药PDA平板。取直径5 mm的灰葡萄孢菌菌饼,按照1.2.1方法接种,每个处理重复3次。接种后置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D的培养箱中培养,5 d后采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算抑制率,即实际抑制率,方法同1.2.1。按公式计算理论EC50和增效系数(张江兆等,2022)。理论EC50=a+baEC50A+bEC50B,式中,ab分别为单剂A和单剂B在复配剂中的质量比。增效系数=理论EC50/实际EC50。当增效系数<0.5时复配药剂表现为拮抗作用,当0.5≤增效系数≤1.5时复配药剂表现为相加作用,当增效系数>1.5时复配药剂表现为增效作用。根据结果确定氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇的质量比,即配方。
复配药剂保护防效的测定:试验共设5个杀菌剂处理。将200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂与430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂按质量比9∶2复配,将该复配剂依次配制成高浓度(200 μg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+44.4 μg/mL戊唑醇)、中浓度(160 μg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+35.6 μg/mL戊唑醇)和低浓度(120 μg/mL氟唑菌酰羟胺+26.7 μg/mL戊唑醇),以200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂(浓度为260 µg/mL)、430 g/L戊唑醇单剂(浓度为215 µg/mL)为对照药剂。在无菌操作条件下,将PDA斜面上保存的菌株转接到PDA平板上,25 ℃下培养7 d,向培养皿中注入20 mL无菌水,使用三角涂布棒刮下菌丝和孢子,无菌纱布过滤获得孢子悬浮液,用无菌水将其浓度调至1×106个/mL。取藜麦稼琪100种子,种于直径15 cm、高14 cm的盆中,将盆置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D、相对湿度75%的温室中,常规管理60 d,选取生长状况一致、大小相似且未施用过任何杀菌剂的藜麦叶片,75%乙醇溶液消毒1~2 min,无菌水彻底清洗干净后自然晾干。将叶片置于含有湿润滤纸的培养皿中,每皿1片叶片,用喷壶向叶片表面均匀喷施不同处理的杀菌剂,直至雾滴滴落为止,以喷施清水作为对照;每个处理10片叶片(1个重复),每个处理重复3次;处理后置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D、湿度适中的培养箱中培养3 d,然后置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D、相对湿度95%条件下保湿培养24 h,再向叶片喷施浓度为1×106个/mL的灰葡萄孢菌分生孢子悬浮液,继续于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L:12 D、相对湿度95%条件下保湿培养,3 d后采用十字交叉法测量病斑直径,计算病斑面积和保护防效,保护防效=(清水对照的病斑面积-处理的病斑面积)/清水对照的病斑面积×100%(刘婕等,2024)。复配药剂治疗防效的测定:方法同上,仅是先对叶片喷施浓度为1×106个/mL的灰葡萄孢菌分生孢子悬浮液,上述条件下培养24 h后再向叶片喷施不同处理的杀菌剂,培养条件同上。3 d后测量病斑直径,计算病斑面积,方法同上。
取藜麦稼琪100种子,种于直径15 cm、高14 cm的盆中,置于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D、相对湿度75%的温室中培养,每盆两株,每天定期浇适量水,培养120 d后供试。复配药剂保护防效的测定:选取健康且长势一致的藜麦苗,向藜麦穗先分别喷施不同处理的杀菌剂,各处理同1.2.6,至穗部完全浸润,24 h后再喷施浓度为1×106个/mL的灰葡萄孢菌分生孢子悬浮液。每个处理10盆藜麦(1个重复),重复3次。施药后7 d调查藜麦穗部的发病情况,根据《农药田间药效试验准则(一)杀菌剂防治蔬菜灰霉病》(GB/T 17980.28—2000)标准确定病级,计算病情指数和保护防效(何海涛等,2023)。病情指数=∑(病级数×该病级植株数)/(最大病级数×植株总株数)×100;保护防效=(对照的病情指数-处理的病情指数)/对照的病情指数×100%。复配药剂治疗防效的测定:仅是向藜麦穗先喷施浓度为1×106个/mL的灰葡萄孢菌分生孢子悬浮液,24 h后再向藜麦穗分别喷施不同处理的杀菌剂,至穗部完全浸润,其他方法同上。
2021年在山西省忻州市静乐县丰润镇进行田间试验。土壤为壤土,略碱性,有机质含量中等。5月中旬种植藜麦,人工开穴播种,株距25 cm,行距45 cm,播深1~2 cm,每小区405穴,每穴播种2粒。第1次施药时间为2021年8月19日(温度为12~27 ℃,阴转晴,东北风1级),施药前藜麦灰霉病零星发生,药前病情指数可计为0;7 d后进行第2次施药,时间为2021年8月26日(温度为13~21 ℃,阴转晴,西北风1级)。施药时,用水量750 L/hm2,对整株均匀喷洒,共6个处理,处理及浓度同1.2.6。每个处理3次重复,共18个小区,每个小区长20 m、宽2 m,小区随机区组设置。第2次施药7 d后调查藜麦的防病情况,按1.2.7方法计算病情指数和防效;同时参照李伟龙等(2001)方法观察各处理后藜麦植株有无药害情况,记录药害的类型(失绿、畸形、灼伤、叶片皱缩等)和严重程度。2021年9月23日待藜麦成熟时测产,各小区单收、单晒、计产,参照祁志刚和裴雪霞(2015)方法测定各小区的千粒重,将小区的产量换算为每公顷产量。
采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计分析,应用Duncan氏新复极差法进行差异显著性检验。
在10 μg/mL浓度下,戊唑醇和嘧菌酯对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率均为100.00%,吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰羟胺对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率分别为82.24%和71.38%,抑制效果仅次于戊唑醇、嘧菌酯,其余药剂的抑制率介于10.65%~69.70%之间(表1)。在1 μg/mL浓度下,戊唑醇、嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰羟胺对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率分别达到88.68%、56.09%、62.75%和59.61%,其余药剂的抑制率介于4.21%~54.87%之间。因此,选择戊唑醇、嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰羟胺这4种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。
戊唑醇、嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、氟唑菌酰羟胺这4种单剂对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制效果均较强,EC50分别为0.09、0.39、0.03和0.49 μg/mL(表2)。
当氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照1∶1体积比复配时对灰葡萄孢菌的毒性比率为1.27,表现为增效作用,而当氟唑菌酰羟胺与吡唑醚菌酯按照1∶1体积比复配时对灰葡萄孢菌的毒性比率为0.90,表现为相加作用(表3)。因此,选择氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇进行复配。
当氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇的体积比为4∶6和5∶5时对灰葡萄孢菌的毒性比率最大,分别为1.49和1.37,且表现为增效作用;当氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇的体积比为6∶4和7∶3时对灰葡萄孢菌的毒性比率均为1.28,也表现为增效作用;而其余7种配比的毒性比率均小于1.25,均表现为相加作用(表4)。因此,氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照4∶6和5∶5的体积比复配。
氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按7种质量比复配后对灰葡萄孢菌的实际EC50介于0.09~0.22 μg/mL之间,其中质量比为3∶1时的实际EC50最小,而质量比为11∶2时的实际EC50最大(表5)。氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按7种质量比复配后的增效系数介于1.35~2.85之间,其中质量比为11∶2时的增效系数为1.35,小于1.50,表现为相加作用;其余质量比时均表现为增效作用,且质量比为9∶2时的增效系数最大,为2.85,实际EC50为0.10 μg/mL(表5)。因此,氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照9∶2质量比复配。
复配药剂对藜麦离体叶片均有良好的保护作用和治疗作用,且均随着复配药剂浓度的升高而增加。高、中、低浓度的复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病的治疗防效分别为96.61%、94.97%和87.64%,显著高于氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇单剂的治疗防效(P<0.05,表6)。高、中浓度的复配药剂对藜麦叶片的保护防效分别达97.18%和95.00%,显著高于戊唑醇单剂的保护防效(P<0.05),但与氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂的保护防效差异不显著;低浓度的复配药剂对藜麦叶片的保护防效为92.38%,显著高于戊唑醇单剂的保护防效(P<0.05),但与氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂的保护防效差异不显著(表6)。
高、中浓度的复配药剂对盆栽藜麦的保护防效分别为79.67%和73.10%,治疗防效分别为82.01%和71.45%,显著高于其他大部分处理(P<0.05);低浓度的复配药剂对盆栽藜麦的保护防效为66.32%,显著高于戊唑醇单剂的保护防效(P<0.05),但与氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂的保护防效差异不显著;低浓度的复配药剂对盆栽藜麦灰霉病的治疗防效为67.13%,显著高于氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂的治疗防效(P<0.05),但与戊唑醇单剂的治疗防效差异不显著(表6)。
氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂、戊唑醇单剂及两者3种浓度的复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病均有一定的防效。高浓度的复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病的田间防效最高,为87.77%,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);中浓度的复配药剂的田间防效次之,为79.91%,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);低浓度的复配药剂的田间防效与戊唑醇单剂的田间防效差异不显著,但两者均显著高于氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂(P<0.05,表7)。
末次施药7 d后,杀菌剂使用剂量范围内未见藜麦有矮化、褪绿、畸形等药害症状,表明试验所用杀菌剂对藜麦安全,也未发现对其他非靶标生物有影响。氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂、戊唑醇单剂及两者3种浓度的复配药剂均能减轻植物病害,且均对藜麦有不同程度的增产作用(表7)。高浓度的复配药剂处理后,藜麦千粒重最高,为2.74 g,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),藜麦产量也最高,增产率达21.38%;中浓度的复配药剂处理后,藜麦产量次之,显著高于低浓度的复配药剂、氟唑菌酰羟胺单剂和对照(P<0.05),但与戊唑醇单剂处理差异不显著,增产率为17.17%(表7)。
农药复配是目前农业生产中防治植物病害的有效措施之一。将不同机制的杀菌剂复配可以提高防效,拓展防治谱,增加持效性和减少用药量。例如,噻呋酰胺与吡唑醚菌酯按质量比1∶1复配可有效抑制烟草靶斑病菌Rhizoctonia solani,与单剂防效相同的前提下可减少杀菌剂用量(刘婕等,2024);己唑醇与氟唑菌酰羟胺或咯菌腈等复配不仅可以有效防治小麦赤霉病,还可延缓田间病原菌对己唑醇的抗性发展,从而有效防控病害,保护作物生产安全(李梦雨等,2024)。因此,本研究从12种杀菌剂中筛选出戊唑醇和氟唑菌酰羟胺两种作用机制不同的杀菌剂进行复配。
戊唑醇为三唑类杀菌剂,而氟唑菌酰羟胺属SDHI类杀菌剂,这两种杀菌剂作用机理不同,不仅不易与其他种类的杀菌剂产生交互抗性(冷伟锋等,2022),而且对其他种类的杀菌剂还有增效作用。例如,氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺按照3∶2质量比复配时增效作用最大,对枸杞根腐病菌Fusarium solani的EC50为0.04 μg/mL,可作为防治枸杞根腐病的最佳配方(张恒等,2022);武夷菌素与嘧菌环胺按照9∶1体积比复配时增效作用最明显,对葡萄灰霉病菌的毒性比率为1.678,对葡萄灰霉病的离体叶片防效和田间防效分别为75.19%和66.67%,比单剂防效分别增加了16.53%~26.35%和19.05%~30.16%(张晓翠等,2025)。本研究结果显示氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇按照9∶2质量比复配时,增效系数最大,EC50为0.10 μg/mL,与已有研究一致。因此,200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺与430 g/L戊唑醇复配可用来防治藜麦灰霉病。
在实际应用中,杀菌剂对病害的防效受诸多因素影响。本研究通过离体叶片试验、室内盆栽试验以及大田试验综合证实氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇的复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病有较好的防效。氟唑菌酰羟胺与其他杀菌剂复配对灰葡萄孢菌引起的灰霉病均有较好的抑制效果。例如,400 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺·咯菌腈悬浮剂施用7 d和14 d后对香葱灰霉病的防效较好,分别为81.91%和86.58%(胡吉峰等,2023);200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂对大樱桃灰霉病的防效大于70%(刘永春和祁之秋,2023);浓度为400 μg/mL的50%丙烷脒·氟唑菌酰羟胺对葡萄灰霉病的防效可达54.06%,高于同剂量下单剂的防效(许贯友等,2025)。本研究结果显示,高、中浓度的氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇复配药剂对藜麦灰霉病的田间防效分别为87.77%和79.91%,显著高于两个单剂处理;与胡吉峰等(2023)研究结果相似,但高于许贯友等(2025)的研究结果,究其原因可能是地区和气候不同,或者菌株对农药的敏感性不同。此外,本研究结果显示,高、中浓度的氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇复配药剂处理后,藜麦千粒重与产量均显著高于对照,低浓度的氟唑菌酰羟胺和戊唑醇复配药剂、200g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺和430 g/L戊唑醇处理的藜麦千粒重与产量也较对照有不同程度的增加。聂登等(2021)研究表明施用氟唑菌酰羟胺杀菌剂可使小麦产量增加11.2%,与本研究结果一致。而章启程和孙俊铭(2026)研究结果显示长期施用30%肟菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂、35%氟吡·戊唑醇悬浮剂和40%丙硫·戊唑醇悬浮剂可使小麦增产16.38%~35.15%,高于本研究结果,可能是复配药剂浓度和生长期施用次数不同所致。
本研究对氟唑菌酰羟胺与戊唑醇复配药剂的防效进行了充分验证,但两者增效机理尚不明确,后续会进一步探索这两种杀菌剂的增效机理,以期延缓植物病害对杀菌剂的抗性,为田间藜麦灰霉病的用药提供指导。
  • 山西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDYF117)
  • “特”“优”农业高质量发展科技支撑工程项目(TYGC26)
  • 山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2025CYJSTX03-31)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025131
  • 接收时间:2025-09-23
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23
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山西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDYF117)
“特”“优”农业高质量发展科技支撑工程项目(TYGC26)
山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2025CYJSTX03-31)
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    1.山西农业大学植物保护学院,太原 030031
    2.山西农业大学农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室,太原 030031

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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