Article(id=1266470630221300103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754323200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879728130, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879728130, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879728130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879728130, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782266106964, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=507, endPage=518, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470630988857737, articleId=1266470630221300103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Identification of the pathogen causing a natural epizootic of white muscardine in treehopper Tricentrus sp. in a tea plantation, and analyses of population genetic diversity and its pathogenicity, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To identify the pathogen causing a natural epizootic of white muscardine in Tricentrus sp. in a tea plantation and to evaluate its potential for controlling tea green leafhopper Empoasca onukii, cadaver samples collected from the tea plantation were subjected to isolation, purification, and culture. The taxonomic status of the pathogen was determined based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using combined sequences of Bloc, RPB1, RPB2, and TEF genes. Population genetic diversity of isolates from different hosts was analyzed using 12 SSR primer pairs. Six strains derived from hosts in Membracidea and Cicadellidae were selected to evaluate their virulence against the 3rd instar nymphs of E. onukii. The results showed that the pathogen causing the natural epizootic of white muscardine in Tricentrus sp. in the tea plantation was B. bassiana. The B. bassiana populations exhibited a high level of genetic diversity, with 100.00% polymorphic loci, a Shannon’s information index of 0.73, and a Nei’s gene diversity index of 0.39. Among the four B. bassiana populations from different hosts, the genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.38 and the gene flow was 0.54, indicating limited genetic exchange among populations. A total of 89 isolates were divided into 31 genotypes and clustered into three groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.68, with group III accounting for 76.40% of the isolates and representing the dominant group. Strain JCPX121 exhibited the highest virulence. After treatment with a conidial suspension at a concentration of 1.0×108 conidia/mL for eight days, the corrected mortality rate of 3rd instar nymphs of E. onukii reached 80.66% and the median lethal time (LT50) was 5.90 d. In summary, strain JCPX121 has the potential to be developed as a biocontrol agent.

, authors=null, authorsList=Dingfeng Wang, Huiling Li, Liangde Li, Jinyu Li, Jun Yang, Hui Zhang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1266470637733298581, articleId=1266470630221300103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=CN, title=茶园三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病病原菌鉴定、种群遗传多样性及其致病力分析, columnId=1266470561837367405, journalTitle=植物保护学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明确茶园三刺角蝉Tricentrus spp.自然流行白僵病病原菌及其对茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii的防治潜力,对该茶园中采集的不同僵虫样本进行分离、纯化及培养,基于形态学特征与基于BlocRPB1RPB2TEF基因序列联合构建的系统发育树对其分类地位进行综合分析;利用12对SSR引物分析不同寄主来源病原菌种群的遗传多样性;选取寄主为角蝉科和叶蝉科的6株菌株,测定其对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫的毒力。结果表明:该茶园三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病的病原菌均为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana。球孢白僵菌群体遗传多样性水平较高,多态位点百分率为100.00%,Shannon信息指数为0.73,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.39。不同寄主来源的4个球孢白僵菌种群之间的遗传分化系数为0.38,且基因流为0.54,表明种群间基因交流不畅。89株菌株可分为31个基因型,当相似系数为0.68时,这89株菌株被聚为3个分支,其中分支III包含76.40%的菌株,为优势类群。菌株JCPX121的毒力最强,经浓度为1.0×108个/mL的孢子悬浮液处理8 d后,茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫的校正死亡率为80.66%,致死中时为5.90 d。综上,菌株JCPX121具有开发为生防菌剂的潜力。

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First record of epizootics in the grey citrus weevil (Sympiezomias citri; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) caused by Beauveria bassiana in tea plantations of Southeast China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 216: 108548, articleTitle=First record of epizootics in the grey citrus weevil (Sympiezomias citri; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) caused by Beauveria bassiana in tea plantations of Southeast China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746461514514568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=2345, pageEnd=2349, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=39, authorNames=Wang YC, Huang DY, Xie Q, Qin DZ, journalName=Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang YC, Huang DY, Xie Q, Qin DZ. 2013. Preliminary investigation of overground pests and natural enemies in tea plantations in Xixiang, Shaanxi Province. 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Screening for a highly virulent entomogenous fungal strain to Empoasca vitis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and its field efficacy. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 28(1): 41-46 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746461959110795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=42, authorNames=展茂魁, 何玲敏, 陈名, 王滨, 李增智, journalName=中国生物防治学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=展茂魁, 何玲敏, 陈名, 王滨, 李增智. 2012. 防治假眼小绿叶蝉的虫生真菌高毒菌株的筛选及田间防治效果. 中国生物防治学报, 28(1): 41-46, articleTitle=防治假眼小绿叶蝉的虫生真菌高毒菌株的筛选及田间防治效果, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746462265294988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=121, issue=1, pageStart=199, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=43, authorNames=Zhang SL, He LM, Chen X, Huang B, journalName=Mycotaxon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang SL, He LM, Chen X, Huang B. 2012. Beauveria lii sp. nov. isolated from Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata . Mycotaxon, 121(1): 199-206, articleTitle=Beauveria lii sp. nov. isolated from Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746462353375373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=154, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=44, authorNames=Zhuang JX, Fu JW, Su QQ, Li JY, Zhan ZX, journalName=Journal of Tea Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhuang JX, Fu JW, Su QQ, Li JY, Zhan ZX. 2009. The regional diversity of resistance of tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe), to insecticides in Fujian Province. Journal of Tea Science, 29(2): 154-158 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746462458232974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=154, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=45, authorNames=庄家祥, 傅建炜, 苏庆泉, 李建宇, 占志雄, journalName=茶叶科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庄家祥, 傅建炜, 苏庆泉, 李建宇, 占志雄. 2009. 福建省茶小绿叶蝉抗药性的地区差异. 茶叶科学, 29(2): 154-158, articleTitle=福建省茶小绿叶蝉抗药性的地区差异, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1266746454728130655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, awardId=2023R1088, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项竞争性项目(2023R1088), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1266746454828793952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, awardId=YC2021008, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省农业科学院青年英才项目(YC2021008), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1266746438923993122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746438940770339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, companyId=1266746438923993122, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Fujian Branch of the National Tea Improvement Center, Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746438949158948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, companyId=1266746438923993122, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,国家茶树改良中心福建分中心,福州 350013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1266746451376881743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Colony morphology, conidiogenous structures, and conidia of representative strains, figureFileSmall=ALddITGuOc8ABpPxrrNHOw==, figureFileBig=Eh5iEXQtm3K+PJ9c0Egx8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746451464962128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=图1, caption=代表菌株的菌落形态、产孢结构及分生孢子, figureFileSmall=ALddITGuOc8ABpPxrrNHOw==, figureFileBig=Eh5iEXQtm3K+PJ9c0Egx8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746451821477969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of 89 isolates and related Beauveria strains constructed using the maximum-likelihood method based on combined Bloc, RPB1, RPB2, and TEF sequences, figureFileSmall=+GatToYXoVtm7/wrrm4OnA==, figureFileBig=yEjzw0AL3EQ8J7G0ZnGfSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746451901169746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于 BlocRPB1RPB2TEF 联合序列采用最大似然法构建89株分离菌株和相关白僵菌菌株的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=+GatToYXoVtm7/wrrm4OnA==, figureFileBig=yEjzw0AL3EQ8J7G0ZnGfSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746452207353939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Cluster analysis of 89 Beauveria bassiana strains, figureFileSmall=EpFA26LmZJTITO4V95ajtA==, figureFileBig=GXeTsXscGNvQ0jMrc/6EFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746452270268500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=图3, caption=89株球孢白僵菌菌株的聚类图, figureFileSmall=EpFA26LmZJTITO4V95ajtA==, figureFileBig=GXeTsXscGNvQ0jMrc/6EFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746452370931797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Polymorphism information of 89 Beauveria bassiana strains amplified with 12 SSR primer pairs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物

Primer

等位基因数

Number of

alleles

有效等位基因数

Effective number

of alleles

观测杂合度

Observed

heterozygosity

期望杂合度

Expected

heterozygosity

Shannon信息指数

Shannon’s

information index

Nei’s基因多样性指数

Nei’s gene diversity index

Ba155.001.650.010.390.750.39
Ba207.001.680.000.410.930.40
Ba288.002.360.030.581.250.58
Ba244.002.710.010.631.090.63
Ba063.001.590.020.370.680.37
Ba133.001.590.010.370.650.37
Ba162.001.450.000.310.490.31
Ba084.001.610.050.380.620.38
Ba2610.001.590.080.380.920.37
Ba222.001.550.010.360.540.36
Ba232.001.090.000.090.180.09
Ba253.001.670.050.400.630.40
平均Mean4.421.710.020.390.730.39
), ArticleFig(id=1266746452626784342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

12SSR引物对扩增后89株球孢白僵菌菌株的多态性信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

引物

Primer

等位基因数

Number of

alleles

有效等位基因数

Effective number

of alleles

观测杂合度

Observed

heterozygosity

期望杂合度

Expected

heterozygosity

Shannon信息指数

Shannon’s

information index

Nei’s基因多样性指数

Nei’s gene diversity index

Ba155.001.650.010.390.750.39
Ba207.001.680.000.410.930.40
Ba288.002.360.030.581.250.58
Ba244.002.710.010.631.090.63
Ba063.001.590.020.370.680.37
Ba133.001.590.010.370.650.37
Ba162.001.450.000.310.490.31
Ba084.001.610.050.380.620.38
Ba2610.001.590.080.380.920.37
Ba222.001.550.010.360.540.36
Ba232.001.090.000.090.180.09
Ba253.001.670.050.400.630.40
平均Mean4.421.710.020.390.730.39
), ArticleFig(id=1266746452698087511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Genetic diversity of Beauveria bassiana populations from different host sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

种群

Population

样品数

Sample

size

观测等位

基因数

Observed number of

alleles

有效等位

基因数

Effective number of alleles

观测杂合度

Observed

heterozygosity

期望杂合度

Expected

heterozygosity

Shannon

信息指数

Shannon’s information index

Nei’s基因多样性指数

Nei’s gene diversity index

多态位点

百分率

Percentage of polymorphic loci/%

LWPX种群

LWPX population

103.00±1.812.33±1.100.03±0.060.51±40.220.84±0.480.49±0.2191.67

CHANPX种群

CHANPX ppopulation

11.08±0.291.08±0.290.08±0.290.08±0.290.06±0.200.04± 0.148.33

JCPX种群

JCPX population

723.33±1.921.37±0.350.02±0.020.24 ±0.150.46±0.270.24±0.1491.67

MPC种群

MPC population

62.42±0.521.68±0.300.00±0.000.42±0.120.64±0.200.39±0.11100.00
总体Total894.42±2.611.71±0.420.02±0.020.39±0.130.73±0.290.39±0.13100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746452790362200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌种群的遗传多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

种群

Population

样品数

Sample

size

观测等位

基因数

Observed number of

alleles

有效等位

基因数

Effective number of alleles

观测杂合度

Observed

heterozygosity

期望杂合度

Expected

heterozygosity

Shannon

信息指数

Shannon’s information index

Nei’s基因多样性指数

Nei’s gene diversity index

多态位点

百分率

Percentage of polymorphic loci/%

LWPX种群

LWPX population

103.00±1.812.33±1.100.03±0.060.51±40.220.84±0.480.49±0.2191.67

CHANPX种群

CHANPX ppopulation

11.08±0.291.08±0.290.08±0.290.08±0.290.06±0.200.04± 0.148.33

JCPX种群

JCPX population

723.33±1.921.37±0.350.02±0.020.24 ±0.150.46±0.270.24±0.1491.67

MPC种群

MPC population

62.42±0.521.68±0.300.00±0.000.42±0.120.64±0.200.39±0.11100.00
总体Total894.42±2.611.71±0.420.02±0.020.39±0.130.73±0.290.39±0.13100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746453050409049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Genetic differentiation coefficients and gene flow of Beauveria bassiana populations from different host sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

种群

Population

LWPX种群

LWPX population

CHANPX种群

CHANPX population

JCPX种群

JCPX population

MPC种群

MPC population

LWPX种群 LWPX population****0.830.650.11
CHANPX种群 CHANPX population0.23****0.910.29
JCPX种群 JCPX population0.280.22****0.43
MPC种群 MPC population0.690.470.37****
), ArticleFig(id=1266746453151072346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌种群的遗传分化系数和基因流

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

种群

Population

LWPX种群

LWPX population

CHANPX种群

CHANPX population

JCPX种群

JCPX population

MPC种群

MPC population

LWPX种群 LWPX population****0.830.650.11
CHANPX种群 CHANPX population0.23****0.910.29
JCPX种群 JCPX population0.280.22****0.43
MPC种群 MPC population0.690.470.37****
), ArticleFig(id=1266746453545336923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Genetic distance and genetic identity among Beauveria bassiana populations from different host sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

种群

Population

LWPX种群

LWPX population

CHANPX种群

CHANPX population

JCPX种群

JCPX population

MPC种群

MPC population

LWPX种群 LWPX population****0.820.570.56
CHANPX种群 CHANPX population0.21****0.200.48
JCPX种群 JCPX population0.571.62****0.39
MPC种群 MPC population0.580.740.96****
), ArticleFig(id=1266746453880881244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌种群的遗传距离和遗传相似度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

种群

Population

LWPX种群

LWPX population

CHANPX种群

CHANPX population

JCPX种群

JCPX population

MPC种群

MPC population

LWPX种群 LWPX population****0.820.570.56
CHANPX种群 CHANPX population0.21****0.200.48
JCPX种群 JCPX population0.571.62****0.39
MPC种群 MPC population0.580.740.96****
), ArticleFig(id=1266746453977350237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Laboratory virulence of six Beauveria bassiana strains against Empoasca onukii

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株编号

Strain no.

累计死亡率

Cumulative

mortality/%

累计校正死亡率

Corrected mortality/%

毒力回归方程

Regression equation

致死中时

Median lethal time

LT50/d

95%置信区间

95% confidence limits/d

χ2
JCPX03650.00±2.98 c47.17±4.21 cy=-4.01+4.41x8.097.28-9.634.70
JCPX07068.33±3.33 b66.79±2.77 by=-4.11+5.00x6.656.18-7.292.86
JCPX08011.67±1.67 ef6.84±3.42 d///
JCPX10420.00±2.89 de15.54±5.00 d///
JCPX12181.67±1.67 a80.66±1.89 ay=-4.15+5.38x5.905.52-6.344.49
CHANPX13025.00±0.00 d20.91±2.41 d///
对照CK5.00±2.89 f----
), ArticleFig(id=1266746454317088862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470630221300103, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

6株球孢白僵菌对茶小绿叶蝉的室内毒力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌株编号

Strain no.

累计死亡率

Cumulative

mortality/%

累计校正死亡率

Corrected mortality/%

毒力回归方程

Regression equation

致死中时

Median lethal time

LT50/d

95%置信区间

95% confidence limits/d

χ2
JCPX03650.00±2.98 c47.17±4.21 cy=-4.01+4.41x8.097.28-9.634.70
JCPX07068.33±3.33 b66.79±2.77 by=-4.11+5.00x6.656.18-7.292.86
JCPX08011.67±1.67 ef6.84±3.42 d///
JCPX10420.00±2.89 de15.54±5.00 d///
JCPX12181.67±1.67 a80.66±1.89 ay=-4.15+5.38x5.905.52-6.344.49
CHANPX13025.00±0.00 d20.91±2.41 d///
对照CK5.00±2.89 f----
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茶园三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病病原菌鉴定、种群遗传多样性及其致病力分析
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王定锋 , 李慧玲 , 李良德 , 李金玉 , 杨军 , 张辉
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 507-518
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植物保护学报 |研究论文 2026 , 53 (2) : 507 -518
茶园三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病病原菌鉴定、种群遗传多样性及其致病力分析
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王定锋 , 李慧玲, 李良德, 李金玉, 杨军, 张辉
作者信息
  • 福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,国家茶树改良中心福建分中心,福州 350013
通讯作者:
Identification of the pathogen causing a natural epizootic of white muscardine in treehopper Tricentrus sp. in a tea plantation, and analyses of population genetic diversity and its pathogenicity
Dingfeng Wang , Huiling Li, Liangde Li, Jinyu Li, Jun Yang, Hui Zhang
Affiliations
  • Fujian Branch of the National Tea Improvement Center, Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian Province, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025113
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为明确茶园三刺角蝉Tricentrus spp.自然流行白僵病病原菌及其对茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii的防治潜力,对该茶园中采集的不同僵虫样本进行分离、纯化及培养,基于形态学特征与基于BlocRPB1RPB2TEF基因序列联合构建的系统发育树对其分类地位进行综合分析;利用12对SSR引物分析不同寄主来源病原菌种群的遗传多样性;选取寄主为角蝉科和叶蝉科的6株菌株,测定其对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫的毒力。结果表明:该茶园三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病的病原菌均为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana。球孢白僵菌群体遗传多样性水平较高,多态位点百分率为100.00%,Shannon信息指数为0.73,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.39。不同寄主来源的4个球孢白僵菌种群之间的遗传分化系数为0.38,且基因流为0.54,表明种群间基因交流不畅。89株菌株可分为31个基因型,当相似系数为0.68时,这89株菌株被聚为3个分支,其中分支III包含76.40%的菌株,为优势类群。菌株JCPX121的毒力最强,经浓度为1.0×108个/mL的孢子悬浮液处理8 d后,茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫的校正死亡率为80.66%,致死中时为5.90 d。综上,菌株JCPX121具有开发为生防菌剂的潜力。

三刺角蝉  /  白僵病  /  球孢白僵菌  /  自然流行病  /  遗传多样性  /  毒力

To identify the pathogen causing a natural epizootic of white muscardine in Tricentrus sp. in a tea plantation and to evaluate its potential for controlling tea green leafhopper Empoasca onukii, cadaver samples collected from the tea plantation were subjected to isolation, purification, and culture. The taxonomic status of the pathogen was determined based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using combined sequences of Bloc, RPB1, RPB2, and TEF genes. Population genetic diversity of isolates from different hosts was analyzed using 12 SSR primer pairs. Six strains derived from hosts in Membracidea and Cicadellidae were selected to evaluate their virulence against the 3rd instar nymphs of E. onukii. The results showed that the pathogen causing the natural epizootic of white muscardine in Tricentrus sp. in the tea plantation was B. bassiana. The B. bassiana populations exhibited a high level of genetic diversity, with 100.00% polymorphic loci, a Shannon’s information index of 0.73, and a Nei’s gene diversity index of 0.39. Among the four B. bassiana populations from different hosts, the genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.38 and the gene flow was 0.54, indicating limited genetic exchange among populations. A total of 89 isolates were divided into 31 genotypes and clustered into three groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.68, with group III accounting for 76.40% of the isolates and representing the dominant group. Strain JCPX121 exhibited the highest virulence. After treatment with a conidial suspension at a concentration of 1.0×108 conidia/mL for eight days, the corrected mortality rate of 3rd instar nymphs of E. onukii reached 80.66% and the median lethal time (LT50) was 5.90 d. In summary, strain JCPX121 has the potential to be developed as a biocontrol agent.

Tricentrus sp.  /  white muscardine  /  Beauveria bassiana  /  natural epizootic  /  genetic diversity  /  virulence
王定锋, 李慧玲, 李良德, 李金玉, 杨军, 张辉. 茶园三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病病原菌鉴定、种群遗传多样性及其致病力分析. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 507 -518 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025113
Dingfeng Wang, Huiling Li, Liangde Li, Jinyu Li, Jun Yang, Hui Zhang. Identification of the pathogen causing a natural epizootic of white muscardine in treehopper Tricentrus sp. in a tea plantation, and analyses of population genetic diversity and its pathogenicity[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 507 -518 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025113
茶园是郁闭度较高、生态系统相对稳定的农业生境,该环境有利于昆虫病原真菌的长期宿存,而高湿雨季则为其流行病的暴发提供了适宜条件。本课题组前期在福建省福鼎市的一片茶园中偶然发现,茶园次要害虫三刺角蝉Tricentrus sp.(谭济才等,2003王玉春等,2013)种群中出现大量罹病死亡个体,尸体僵硬且表面覆盖白色粉状物,密度高达30~45头/m2;罹病虫尸体表覆盖白色分生孢子,是典型的白僵病症状。然而引发此次三刺角蝉白僵病的病原菌种类、种群遗传多样性及其致病力尚未清楚。
白僵病通常是由白僵菌属Beauveria spp.真菌引发的昆虫真菌病。白僵菌属是一个包含多个隐秘种的复合种群,仅根据常规形态学特征难以精准鉴定。Rehner et al.(2011)利用Bloc核基因间隔区、RNA聚合酶II最大亚基(RNA polymerase II largest subunit,RPB1)、RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基(RNA polymerase II second largest subunit,RPB2)和转录延伸因子(translation elongation factor-1α,TEF)等基因序列对全球的1 192株白僵菌菌株进行系统分析,重新界定了该属的分类标准。此后,这4个基因序列被广泛用于白僵菌新种鉴定,并在多个特定区域的白僵菌种群遗传分析中发挥着重要作用。例如,Serna-Domínguez et al.(2019)利用TEFBloc基因序列分析将采自墨西哥科利马州不同基质、昆虫宿主和地点的白僵菌种群鉴定为球孢白僵菌B. bassiana和拟球孢白僵菌B. pseudobassianaCastro-Vásquez et al.(2021)利用BlocTEFRPB2基因部分序列将采自中美洲国家及波多黎各的白僵菌种群鉴定为球孢白僵菌和苏格兰白僵菌B. caledonicaWang et al.(2026)利用 BlocTEF基因序列对采自中国东南部大灰象甲Sympiezomias citri白僵病流行茶园中的球孢白僵菌种群进行了分析。因此,本研究采用上述4个基因序列联合分析的方法对引起此次三刺角蝉白僵病的病原菌进行分类鉴定。在明确病原菌分类地位的基础上,进一步探究其种群遗传多样性有助于解析此次流行病暴发的成因及菌株的变异潜力。简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记又称为微卫星标记,具有共显性、多态性高、数量丰富和易检测等优点(Powell et al.,1996Varshney et al.,2005),被广泛用于白僵菌种群遗传学研究中。例如,蒲顺昌等(2013)利用SSR 标记明确了安徽省麻姑山马尾松林中球孢白僵菌种群普遍存在寄主转移现象;Serna-Domínguez et al.(2019)利用SSR标记分析发现墨西哥科利马州白僵菌种群具有丰富的遗传多样性;Wang et al.(2026)利用SSR标记分析发现自中国东南地区大灰象甲白僵病流行茶园中分离的球孢白僵菌种群具有较高的遗传多样性。因此,本研究采用SSR标记分析此次三刺角蝉白僵病病原菌种群的遗传多样性。
尽管此次流行白僵病的宿主三刺角蝉仅为茶园次要害虫,对茶叶生产影响较小,但本研究分离获得的本地流行菌株,是否对茶园头号害虫茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii也具有致病潜力尚不清楚。前期研究虽证实爪哇棒束孢菌Isaria javanicus展茂魁等,2012陈名等,2014)、球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢菌I. furmosoroseus濮小英和冯明光,2004)等对茶小绿叶蝉均有杀虫活性,但源自茶园生态系统且经历自然流行事件筛选的本地菌株,可能在环境适应性上更具优势。为此,本研究对自自然流行白僵病的茶园中采集的三刺角蝉、丽纹象甲Myllocerinus aurolineatus、白边大叶蝉Kolla atramentaria和麻皮蝽Erthesina fullo等僵虫进行分离、纯化及培养,通过形态学观察和BlocRPB1RPB2TEF四个基因序列联合构建系统树分析其分类地位,利用12对SSR引物分析该病原菌种群遗传多样性,并选取寄主为角蝉科和叶蝉科的6株菌株,采用浸梢法测定其对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫的毒力,以期为茶园半翅目昆虫白僵病的流行病学研究补充基础数据,同时为茶小绿叶蝉等茶园主要害虫的绿色防控提供新的生防资源。
供试菌源、虫源和植物:2021年6月下旬在福建省福鼎市一片约0.33 hm2的茶园(120°07′28″ E,27°09′40″ N)中发现大量三刺角蝉成虫被病原真菌寄生的情况,采取平行线取样法采集该茶园及其毗邻地块(约1 hm2)中的僵虫虫尸,共采集三刺角蝉76头、丽纹象甲11头、白边大叶蝉2头、麻皮蝽9头,将各虫尸单独分装于2 mL的无菌离心管中,带回实验室。2022年7月,于茶小绿叶蝉发生高峰期,从宁德市柘荣县发生为害严重的茶园(119°56′13″ E,27°10′22″ N)中采集1芽7叶、长约40 cm的福云6号茶树(树龄20余年)嫩梢400根;将采集的嫩梢捆绑成团,当天带回室内,用剪刀剪平基部,剥除基部老叶,扦插于装有20 L清水的塑料桶中,每桶放置30根嫩梢,置于温度(27±1) ℃、相对湿度75%、光周期12 L∶12 D的人工气候箱内培养;每日观察并补充清水,待卵孵化、若虫自然发育至3龄时,用自制的吸虫器从茶梢及叶片上轻轻吸取大小基本一致、健康活泼的3龄若虫供试(李良德等,2016)。于2022年7月自福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所社口示范基地福云6号(树龄40余年)上采集健康的新鲜茶梢,选取1芽3叶、长约15 cm的嫩梢,用于毒力测定试验。
培养基:萨氏酵母浸膏琼脂(Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract,SDAY)培养基成分为蛋白胨10 g、葡萄糖40 g、酵母提取物10 g、琼脂20 g,蒸馏水定容至1 L;SDAY培养基中不加琼脂即为SDY液体培养基;马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar,PDA)培养基成分为马铃薯200 g、葡萄糖20 g、琼脂20 g,蒸馏水定容至1 L。
试剂和仪器:GeneScan-500LIZ分子量内标,美国ABI公司;DP209-03凝胶回收试剂盒,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;2×Phanta Max Buffer、dNTP Mix和高保真DNA聚合酶,南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司;DL2000 DNA Marker,宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;其他试剂均为国产或者进口分析纯。5331型PCR仪,德国Eppendorf公司;GelDoc-It凝胶成像系统,美国UVP公司;3730XL基因测序仪,美国ABI公司;ICC50 W显微镜,德国徕卡公司。
于超净工作台上用无菌尖头镊子挑取僵虫虫尸表面的菌丝体,接种至含0.05 mg/L氯霉素的SDAY平板上,培养3 d后挑取部分纯化菌落转接至新鲜SDAY培养基中,于温度26 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D下培养14 d,编号后置于4 ℃冰箱中保存,备用。
茶园三刺角蝉白僵病病原菌的形态学鉴定:不同寄主来源的菌株各选择1株代表菌株接种至PDA培养基中,于温度25 ℃、光周期12 L∶12 D下培养,8 d后观察各菌株的菌落形态,并于显微镜下观察其产孢结构及分生孢子特征,按照《昆虫真菌学》(蒲蛰龙和李增智,1996)和农向群等(2024)方法对其形态学进行鉴定。
茶园三刺角蝉白僵病病原菌的分子生物学鉴定:鉴于白僵菌属内种间的形态学特征差异不显著,进一步对所有分离获得的菌株进行分子生物学鉴定。用0.05% Tween-80溶液从SDAY平板中洗脱各菌株新鲜的分生孢子,配制成浓度为5.0×107个/mL的孢子悬浮液。每株菌株各取3 mL孢子悬浮液分别置于装有30 mL SDY液体培养基的50 mL三角瓶中,于全黑暗、25 ℃、150 r/min条件下振荡培养5 d。用无菌接种针从三角瓶内壁上刮取各菌株菌丝体,参照Raeder & Broda(1985)方法提取各菌株的基因组DNA,以此为模板,采用Bloc基因引物B5.1F/B3.1R(Rehner et al.,2006)、TEF基因引物983F/2218R(Rehner & Buckley,2005)、RPB1基因引物CRPB1A/RPB1Cr(Castlebury et al.,2004)和RPB2基因引物fRPB2-5F/fRPB2-7cR(Liu et al.,1999)扩增相应序列,引物均委托铂尚生物技术(上海)有限公司合成。25 μL PCR扩增体系:2×Phanta Max Buffer 12.5 μL、dNTP mix 1 μL、上下游引物各2 μL、高保真DNA聚合酶1 μL、基因组DNA 1 μL、ddH2O 5.5 μL。Bloc基因序列和TEF基因序列的PCR反应程序均参照Rehner & Buckley(2005)RPB1基因序列的PCR反应程序参照Castlebury et al.(2004)RPB2基因序列的PCR反应程序参照Liu et al.(1999)。采用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳对PCR产物进行检测,采用凝胶回收试剂盒对其进行纯化,取序列送至铂尚生物技术(上海)有限公司进行测序。将BlocTEFRPB1RPB2基因序列的测序结果分别提交至NCBI网站,利用BLAST在线工具(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)对其序列进行比对分析。以蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris和蝉虫草花Cordyceps cicadae为外群,将本研究分离获得的菌株与白僵菌属内分类地位清晰的部分代表种(Zhang et al.,2012Robène-Soustrade et al.,2015Imoulan et al.,2016)进行系统发育分析。使用MAFFT 7.471软件对用于系统发育分析的所有菌株的BlocRPB1RPB2TEF基因序列分别进行核苷酸比对,采用trimAI 1.2软件分别对每个基因比对结果的保守区域进行筛选;采用Mega 7.0软件将筛选后得到的4个基因的保守序列片段按照BlocRPB1RPB2TEF顺序进行串联拼接。利用IQ-Tree 2.1.3软件内置的ModelFinder功能对串联后的序列进行分区与最佳拟合模型选择。利用IQ-Tree 2.1.3软件,采用最大似然法构建系统发育树,同时使用UFBoot和SH-aLRT软件对系统发育树的分支进行评估,两者的计算代数分别设置为10 000和1 000。
为明确不同寄主来源白僵菌菌株的群体遗传结构,采用SSR分子标记对分离菌株进行基因分型。采用Ba06、Ba08、Ba13、Ba15、Ba16、Ba20、Ba22、Ba23、Ba24、Ba25、Ba26和Ba28共12对白僵菌特异性SSR引物(Meyling et al.,2009)对1.2.1分离的菌株进行PCR扩增。10 μL PCR扩增体系:2×Mix Buffer 5 μL、M13F/F/R各0.2、0.1、0.3 μL,模板DNA 1 μL,其余用ddH2O补足。PCR反应参数:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,52 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,20个循环;72 ℃终延伸10 min。取PCR扩增产物置于3730XL基因测序仪上进行片段分析,以GeneScan-500LIZ分子量内标为参照标准,采用GeneMarker 2.2.0软件分析SSR等位基因大小。所得等位基因数据用于后续群体遗传多样性分析。
采用GeneMarker 2.2.0软件对输出的等位基因数据进行统计汇总。利用PopGene 32.0软件计算不同寄主来源球孢白僵菌种群的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、Nei’s基因多样性指数、Shannon信息指数和多态位点百分率;同时计算不同寄主来源球孢白僵菌种群的遗传分化系数、基因流、遗传距离和遗传相似度等参数。
利用NTsys-pc 2.1软件计算89株分离菌株的相似系数,采用非加权组平均法对所有分离菌株进行聚类分析。
基于聚类分析结果,从分支I和分支III中选取原寄主为角蝉科和叶蝉科昆虫的6株菌株作为供试菌株,测定其对茶小绿叶蝉的毒力。将这6株菌株分别接种至SDAY平板上,于25 ℃条件下黑暗培养15 d,随后从各菌株平板上分别收集分生孢子10 g,并用0.05%吐温-80溶液按照1∶1体积比配制成浓度为1.0×108个/mL的分生孢子孢悬液100 mL。采用浸梢法(庄家祥等,2009)测定菌株对茶小绿叶蝉的毒力,并略作调整。将新鲜茶梢洗净晾干,分别置于不同菌株的孢子悬浮液中浸泡30 s,取出后插入湿润的花泥中,自然晾干,再将其转移至1 L塑料饲养杯中,茶梢基部用湿的无菌花泥包裹。每个饲养杯中接入茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫20头(1个重复),每株菌株重复3次,以于0.05%吐温-80溶液中浸泡30 s的茶梢接入茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫为对照。将培养杯置于温度(25±1) ℃、相对湿度90%、光周期12 L∶12 D的人工气候箱中饲养。每日监测试虫的死亡情况,及时取出死虫,并将死虫置于温度(25±1) ℃、相对湿度90%、光周期12 L∶12 D的人工气候箱中保湿培养,7 d后置于显微镜下检查虫尸上真菌菌丝和孢子的产生情况,从而确定感染死亡。计算死亡率和累计校正死亡率。累计校正死亡率=(处理组死亡率-对照组死亡率)/(1-对照组死亡率)×100%。采用probit方法计算茶小绿叶蝉的致死中时LT50
采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析,应用Tukey多重比较法进行差异显著性检验。差异显著性分析前对死亡率和累计校正死亡率进行反正弦平方根转换。
从僵虫样本中共分离纯化获得89株菌株,其中自三刺角蝉上分离72株菌株,编号分别为JCPX010、JCPX011、JCPX015、JCPX018、JCPX020~JCPX023、JCPX026~JCPX028、JCPX031~JCPX033、JCPX035~ JCPX039、JCPX042、JCPX044~JCPX048、JCPX050、JCPX051、JCPX056~JCPX058、JCPX061、JCPX063~ JCPX065、JCPX068、JCPX070~JCPX072、JCPX075~ JCPX082、JCPX084、JCPX085、JCPX087、JCPX088、JCPX090、JCPX092~JCPX097、JCPX100~JCPX102、JCPX104~JCPX107、JCPX114、JCPX115和JCPX118~JCPX122;自丽纹象甲上分离10株菌株,编号分别为LWPX013、LWPX019、LWPX034、LWPX054、LWPX055、LWPX073、LWPX083、LWPX086、LWPX091和LWPX129;自白边大叶蝉上分离1株菌株,编号为CHANPX130;自麻皮蝽上分离6株菌株,编号分别为MPC10~MPC15,其中MPC10和MPC11菌株分离自茶树上采集的麻皮蝽僵虫,MPC12~MPC15菌株分离自茶园周边树林采集的麻皮蝽僵虫。
在PDA培养基上,菌株JCPX086、JCPX121、CHANPX130和MPC14的菌落正面均呈白色,培养7 d后菌落中心形成白色孢子层;在PDA培养基上,菌株JCPX086和CHANPX130的菌落背面呈浅红色,而菌株JCPX121和MPC14的菌落背面呈淡黄色;4株菌株的分生孢子多着生于之字形弯曲的小梗上,孢子多为球形或近球形,透明,光滑,直径约2~3 μm(图1)。初步将这4株菌株鉴定为球孢白僵菌B. bassiana
分离获得的89株菌株均与球孢白僵菌聚在一个较小的进化分支上,亲缘关系密切(图2)。结合形态学特征,将这89株菌株均鉴定为球孢白僵菌B. bassiana
89株球孢白僵菌菌株经12对SSR引物扩增共得到53.00个多态性位点。89株菌株利用不同SSR引物扩增得到的多态性位点差异较大,介于2.00~10.00个之间,平均为4.42个位点;利用Ba16、Ba22和Ba23引物扩增得到的多态性位点最少,仅为2.00个;而利用Ba26引物扩增得到的多态性位点最多,为10.00个(表1)。89株菌株的观测杂合度介于0~0.08之间,平均为0.02;期望杂合度介于0.09~0.63之间,平均为0.39;Shannon信息指数介于0.18~1.25之间,平均为0.73;Nei’s基因多样性指数介于0.09~0.63之间,平均为0.39(表1)。
4个球孢白僵菌种群总体的观测等位基因数为4.42,有效等位基因为1.71,观测杂合度为0.02,期望杂合度为0.39,多态位点百分率达100.00%,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.39,Shannon信息指数达0.73(表2)。不同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌种群的遗传多样性水平存在一定差异,其中LWPX种群的遗传多样性水平最高,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.49,Shannon信息指数为0.84,MPC种群的遗传多样性水平次之,而CHANPX种群的遗传多样性水平最低(表2)。
4个球孢白僵菌种群的遗传分化系数介于0.22~0.69之间,平均为0.38;基因流介于0.11~0.91之间,平均为0.54。CHANPX种群和LWPX种群、JCPX种群和CHANPX种群之间的遗传分化系数分别为0.23和0.22,低于重度分化阈值0.25,表明种群之间存在较大的遗传分化;其余种群之间的遗传分化系数均高于重度分化阈值0.25。各种群之间的基因流均小于1.00,表明各种群之间基因交流不畅(表3)。
4个球孢白僵菌种群的遗传一致度介于0.20~0.82之间,平均为0.50;4个球孢白僵菌种群的遗传距离介于0.21~1.62之间,平均为0.78(表4)。
89株球孢白僵菌菌株包含31个基因型,其中有25个基因型由1株菌株构成,有4个基因型由2~6株菌株构成,有1个基因型由21株菌株构成,有1个基因型由29株菌株构成(图3)。包含6株以上菌株的3个基因型占整个白僵病发生茶园菌株数量的62.92%,即为本次流行病的优势基因型株系。89株球孢白僵菌菌株的相似系数介于0.60~1.00之间。当遗传相似系数为0.68时,89株菌株聚类形成3个明显分支,分别为分支I、分支II和分支III,分别包含17、4和68株菌株,尤其是分支III包含的菌株数占总菌株数的76.40%,表明该茶园球孢白僵菌群体呈现明显的优势类群特征,群体遗传异质性较低,与茶园三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病暴发的情况吻合。分支II只包含了1种寄主来源的菌株(自茶园周边树林中麻皮蝽上分离),而分支I包含了4种寄主来源的菌株,分支III包含了3种寄主来源的菌株。表明89株球孢白僵菌并没有完全按照寄主来源分别聚类,这意味着本次三刺角蝉自然流行白僵病暴发茶园中的球孢白僵菌谱系与寄主类型相关性不大(图3)。
6株球孢白僵菌菌株对茶小绿叶蝉的毒力存在显著差异(P<0.05,表5)。其中菌株JCPX121对茶小绿叶蝉的毒力最强,其浓度为1.0×108个/mL的孢子悬浮液处理8 d时,茶小绿叶蝉的累计校正死亡率为80.66%,LT50为5.90 d;菌株JCPX070和JCPX036对茶小绿叶蝉的毒力次之,其浓度为1.0×108个/mL的孢子悬浮液处理8 d时,茶小绿叶蝉的累计校正死亡率分别为66.79%和47.17%,LT50分别为6.65 d和8.09 d;而菌株JCPX080、JCPX104和CHANPX130对茶小绿叶蝉的毒力较差,其浓度为1.0×108个/mL的孢子悬浮液处理8 d后,茶小绿叶蝉的累计校正死亡率均未超过21.00%(表5)。
近年来,BlocRPB1RPB2TEF等基因序列不仅被证实是鉴定白僵菌隐秘种的有效工具(Zhang et al.,2012Robène-Soustrade et al.,2015Imoulan et al.,2016),而且也被广泛用于特定区域白僵菌种群的遗传分析中。例如,Serna-Domínguez et al.(2019)利用TEFBloc基因序列将自墨西哥科利马州不同基质、昆虫宿主和地点上分离的44株白僵菌鉴定为球孢白僵菌和拟球孢白僵菌;Castro-Vásquez et al.(2021)利用BlocTEFRPB2基因联合将自中美洲各国家及波多黎各等收集的白僵菌鉴定为球孢白僵菌和苏格兰白僵菌;Wang et al.(2026)采用 BlocTEF基因序列分析了自中国东南地区大灰象甲白僵病流行茶园采集的白僵菌种群。因此,本研究在形态学鉴定的基础上,也基于BlocRPB1RPB2TEF多基因联合分析将自茶园三刺角蝉上分离的白僵病病原菌鉴定为球孢白僵菌,进一步验证了这些基因序列在白僵菌属物种鉴定中的有效性。
SSR标记是一种共显性标记技术,用于特定区域范围内白僵菌种群的遗传多样性分析(Meyling et al.,2009蒲顺昌等,2013Serna-Domínguez et al.,2019)。例如,基于19对SSR引物的分析结果显示自丹麦一个有机农场耕地和毗邻树篱中分离的白僵菌种群的遗传多态性高(Meyling et al.,2009);蒲顺昌等(2013)利用Ba06、Ba08和Ba23等9对SSR引物将自安徽省麻姑山马尾松林中分离的102 株白僵菌菌株分成31个微卫星基因型,并发现球孢白僵菌种群中普遍存在寄主转移现象;Serna-Domínguez et al.(2019)利用Ba06、Ba08和Ba28等14对SSR引物有效检测了墨西哥科利马州43株球孢白僵菌菌株的基因型;基于15对SSR引物的遗传多样性分析结果显示,自中国东南地区大灰象甲白僵病流行茶园中分离的51株球孢白僵菌菌株的遗传多样性高,且存在明显的优势谱系(Wang et al.,2026)。本研究采用Ba06、Ba16、Ba08和Ba28等12对SSR引物将采集的89株球孢白僵菌菌株分为31个基因型,表明该茶园球孢白僵菌种群遗传多样性丰富,也进一步证实了Meyling et al.(2009)开发的SSR引物是分析球孢白僵菌种群遗传多样性的有效工具。
本研究结果显示,球孢白僵菌LWPX种群的Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数均高于其他3个种群,该种群主要分离自丽纹象甲僵虫,所以该种较高的遗传多样性水平可能与丽纹象甲整个生活史不同阶段所处的环境差异较大有关。在卵、幼虫和蛹阶段,丽纹象甲均生活在茶树根际周围的土壤中,而成虫则主要生活在茶树枝叶上(付楠霞等,2025)。这种多样的生活环境使其可能接触到不同来源的白僵菌菌株,从而在一定程度上提高了该种群的遗传多样性。本研究结果显示球孢白僵菌JCPX种群的遗传多样性相对较低,该种群主要分离自三刺角蝉僵虫,该种较低的遗传多样性水平可能也与三刺角蝉生活环境较简单(主要生活在茶树枝叶上)有关。本研究结果显示除自麻皮蝽僵虫上分离的4株菌株单独聚为一个分支外,其余不同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌菌株在各分支中均有分布,即相同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌菌株未呈现聚类的特征,表明同一寄主可被不同基因型菌株侵染。王成树等(2002)研究发现球孢白僵菌菌株间的亲缘关系与寄主种类无关,与本研究结果一致。在自然生态环境中,球孢白僵菌是寄主广泛的机会性病原真菌(李增智等,2011),其种群动态往往随寄主种群结构与数量的变化而改变,同时还可以在不同寄主间转移,甚至有由寄生状态转换为腐生状态(丁德贵等,2004),这些多样化的生活方式使球孢白僵菌能更好的适应不同的生态位,并在一定程度上推动种群内发生遗传分化。此外,本研究发现自茶园周边树林中麻皮蝽僵虫上分离的球孢白僵菌菌株4株菌株单独聚为分支II,而自茶园中麻皮蝽僵虫上分离的球孢白僵菌菌株MPC10和MPC11分别聚为分支I和分支III,究其原因可能是这些菌株的微生境差异较大,进而表现出不同的选择压力,而选择压力是驱动菌株基因型分化的主要动力。
本研究聚类分析结果显示,分支III包含了76.40%的供试菌株,是该茶园球孢白僵菌种群的绝对优势类群,该类群在茶园三刺角蝉白僵病流行病暴发中可能扮演了关键角色。流行病暴发通常需要病原菌具备两大要素:一是足够的毒力以突破寄主防御,二是良好的环境适应性以完成传播与侵染循环。本研究的毒力测定结果显示,自三刺角蝉上分离的JCPX121菌株(属于分支III)对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫表现出高毒力(LT50<6 d),表明该优势基因型菌株可能具有较高的基础毒力水平,能有效侵染茶园中的半翅目害虫。同时,分支III的菌株主要分离自三刺角蝉僵虫,且三刺角蝉主要栖息于茶树枝叶层,茶树枝叶层相对稳定的温湿度条件和较高的郁闭度为该基因型菌株的增殖与传播提供了有利条件。据此推测分支III的优势基因型菌株既是本次流行病暴发的直接病原,也可能是在茶园角蝉—茶树微生境中长期定殖并形成优势的地方性流行菌株,其不仅具有广谱的高毒力,还主要专化适应茶园半翅目害虫,这些推测均需通过寄主范围测定和基因组学分析进一步明确。
本研究从寄主为角蝉科和叶蝉科昆虫的6株球孢白僵菌菌株中筛选出1株对茶小绿叶蝉有高毒力的菌株JCPX121。该结果与Poprawski et al.(1985)侯明明等(2015)提出的从原始寄主或其近缘种上分离的昆虫病原真菌通常对目标害虫有较高的杀虫活性的观点较一致。高毒力菌株JCPX121与陈名等(2014)报道的爪哇棒束孢高毒力菌株RCEF4687对茶小绿叶蝉的毒力水平相似,两者的LT50均小于6 d。茶园是一个相对稳定的生态系统,茶小绿叶蝉又是其中发生量最大和发生周期最长的一种关键害虫,如果将本研究获得的高毒力菌株JCPX121开发为生防菌剂,有望实现对茶小绿叶蝉种群的持续有效防控。
尽管本研究明确了引发三刺角蝉自然流行病的病原菌为球孢白僵菌,初步揭示了该种群的遗传多样性,筛选出1株高毒力菌株。后续将扩大采样范围和寄主类型,结合基因组学手段进一步解析球孢白僵菌在不同茶园生境及寄主间的种群动态与演化机制;对菌株JCPX121开展田间应用试验,评估其与茶园生态环境的适配性、持效性及对非靶标生物的安全性;探索菌株JCPX121与茶园其他绿色防控措施的协同增效机制,为构建以生物防治为核心的茶小绿叶蝉可持续防控技术体系提供科学依据。
  • 福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项竞争性项目(2023R1088)
  • 福建省农业科学院青年英才项目(YC2021008)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025113
  • 接收时间:2025-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05
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福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项竞争性项目(2023R1088)
福建省农业科学院青年英才项目(YC2021008)
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    福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,国家茶树改良中心福建分中心,福州 350013

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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