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Article(id=1266470529558004735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025126, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757001600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879704131, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879704131, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879704131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879704131, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782266106964, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=311, endPage=316, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470531592241153, articleId=1266470529558004735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Invasion risk and control strategies of the Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus, columnId=1266470531168617472, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus is one of the most devastating phytophagous pests worldwide. This study focuses on elucidating the current invasion status of D. maroccanus in China and comprehensively analyzes its potential risks from three aspects: habitat characteristics in invaded areas, environmental conditions, and biological traits. In combination with the Biosecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China and current control practices, targeted control strategies and recommendations are proposed. This study aims to provide a theoretical reference and a scientific basis for decision-making in the early warning and effective management of D. maroccanus in China.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jinlong Ren, Shali Yasen, Yi Fan, Jinxing Li, Zhong Liang, Jun Lin, Li Zhao, Xiongbing Tu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1266470534607945734, articleId=1266470529558004735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=CN, title=摩洛哥戟纹蝗的入侵风险与防控对策, columnId=1266470531684515842, journalTitle=植物保护学报, columnName=文献综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

摩洛哥戟纹蝗Dociostaurus maroccanus是全球最具破坏性的植食性害虫之一。该文重点阐述摩洛哥戟纹蝗在中国的入侵现状，并从入侵地生境特征、环境条件及生物学习性3个维度综合分析其潜在风险，并结合《中国生物安全法》和现行防控实践，提出针对性防控对策与建议，以期为中国摩洛哥戟纹蝗的早期预警与科学防控提供理论参考与决策依据。

, authors=null, authorsList=任金龙, 牙森·沙力, 范毅, 李金星, 梁中, 林峻, 赵莉, 涂雄兵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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A：斑块状苔草丛；B~C：成虫交尾和产卵；D：霍城县成虫聚集；E：伊宁市成虫聚集。A: Patchy sedge vegetation; B-C: mating and oviposition of adults; D: adult aggregation in Huocheng County; E: adult aggregation in Yining City.

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摩洛哥戟纹蝗的入侵风险与防控对策
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任金龙 1 , 牙森·沙力 1 , 范毅 2 , 李金星 1 , 梁中 3 , 林峻 3 , 赵莉 1 , 涂雄兵 4
植物保护学报 | 文献综述 2026,53(2): 311-316
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植物保护学报 |文献综述 2026 , 53 (2) : 311 -316
摩洛哥戟纹蝗的入侵风险与防控对策
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任金龙1, 牙森·沙力1, 范毅2, 李金星1, 梁中3, 林峻3, 赵莉1 , 涂雄兵4
作者信息
  • 1.新疆农业大学农学院，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2.新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州治蝗灭鼠指挥中心，伊宁 835000
  • 3.新疆维吾尔自治区草原生物灾害防治中心，乌鲁木齐 830001
  • 4.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室，北京 100193
通讯作者:
Invasion risk and control strategies of the Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus
Jinlong Ren1, Shali Yasen1, Yi Fan2, Jinxing Li1, Zhong Liang3, Jun Lin3, Li Zhao1 , Xiongbing Tu4
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Exotic Invasive Pests and Diseases in Northwest Desert-Oasis Agriculture and;Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • 2.Locust and Rodent Control Command Center of Yili Kazak Autonomous;Prefecture, Yining 835000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • 3.Grassland Biological Disaster Prevention;and Control Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • 4.State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025126
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摘要
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摩洛哥戟纹蝗Dociostaurus maroccanus是全球最具破坏性的植食性害虫之一。该文重点阐述摩洛哥戟纹蝗在中国的入侵现状，并从入侵地生境特征、环境条件及生物学习性3个维度综合分析其潜在风险，并结合《中国生物安全法》和现行防控实践，提出针对性防控对策与建议，以期为中国摩洛哥戟纹蝗的早期预警与科学防控提供理论参考与决策依据。

摩洛哥戟纹蝗  /  天然草原  /  伊犁  /  入侵现状  /  风险分析  /  防控建议

The Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus is one of the most devastating phytophagous pests worldwide. This study focuses on elucidating the current invasion status of D. maroccanus in China and comprehensively analyzes its potential risks from three aspects: habitat characteristics in invaded areas, environmental conditions, and biological traits. In combination with the Biosecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China and current control practices, targeted control strategies and recommendations are proposed. This study aims to provide a theoretical reference and a scientific basis for decision-making in the early warning and effective management of D. maroccanus in China.

Moroccan locust  /  natural grassland  /  Yili  /  invasion status  /  risk analysis  /  control strategy
任金龙, 牙森·沙力, 范毅, 李金星, 梁中, 林峻, 赵莉, 涂雄兵. 摩洛哥戟纹蝗的入侵风险与防控对策. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 311 -316 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025126
Jinlong Ren, Shali Yasen, Yi Fan, Jinxing Li, Zhong Liang, Jun Lin, Li Zhao, Xiongbing Tu. Invasion risk and control strategies of the Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 311 -316 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025126
正文
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摩洛哥戟纹蝗Dociostaurusmaroccanus隶属直翅目蝗亚目网翅蝗科戟纹蝗属Dociostaurus （https://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/），又名摩洛哥蝗、摩洛哥剑纹蝗。摩洛哥戟纹蝗是全球最具破坏性的植食性害虫之一，与沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria和飞蝗Locusta migratoria齐名（Khairov et al.，2024）；在The Locust and Grasshopper Agricultural Manual（Gupta，1982）中被列为最高级的蝗害。该蝗虫不仅食性广，种群恢复能力和繁殖力强，而且群体迁飞能力强，因此对草原和农业极度危险（Latchininsky，1998）。该蝗虫可取食36科210余种植物，不仅包括主要谷物、豆类、蔬菜、饲料作物、油料、经济作物等50种农作物，甚至包括果树和针叶树（Latchininsky，2023）；其大发生时会形成蝗蝻带和成虫群，摧毁绿色植被、牧场和农作物，从而造成重大的经济损失（Khairov et al.，2024）。1900—1940年摩洛哥戟纹蝗在西班牙年平均为害作物面积达到7.7万~25.2万hm2；2004—2007年西班牙草地年均用于防治摩洛哥戟纹蝗的成本高达1 553万元（Guerrero et al.，2018）。摩洛哥戟纹蝗主要集中在乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦等中亚地区（Latchininsky，1998；Guerrero et al.，2018；Khairov et al.，2024）。
目前，中国草地入侵害虫仅见两种，分别为早熟禾拟茎草螟Parapediasia teterrella（高磊等，2013）和结缕草象甲Sphenophorus venatus （王章训等，2019）。2025年6月7日，本课题组在新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）伊犁哈萨克自治州霍城县萨尔布拉克镇荒漠草原上发现一种直翅目昆虫的高密度种群，经形态学和分子生物学鉴定该种群为新入侵中国伊犁草原的外来害虫—摩洛哥戟纹蝗（任金龙等，2025）。本研究重点阐述摩洛哥戟纹蝗在中国的入侵现状，并从入侵地生境特征、环境条件及生物学习性3个维度综合分析其潜在风险，并结合《中国生物安全法》和现行防控实践，提出针对性防控对策与建议，以期为中国摩洛哥戟纹蝗的早期预警与科学防控提供理论参考与决策依据。
1 摩洛哥戟纹蝗在中国的入侵现状
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2025年6月7日在新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州霍城县萨尔布拉克镇荒漠草原上发现摩洛哥戟纹蝗高密度聚集。摩洛哥戟纹蝗成虫主要在苔草中交尾和产卵，聚集时整体呈圆斑状（图1-A~C）。摩洛哥戟纹蝗主要集中在霍城县、伊宁市和霍尔果斯市发生，为害面积达710 hm2。在霍城县，摩洛哥戟纹蝗高密度区的面积为17.69 hm2（图1-D），平均虫口密度为37头/m2，最高虫口密度为105头/m2，百网可捕获751头，总鲜重约376 g；摩洛哥戟纹蝗低密度区的面积为269.23 hm2，平均虫口密度为1头/m2，百网可捕获25头，总鲜重约15 g。在伊宁市，摩洛哥戟纹蝗高密度区的面积为192.30 hm2（图1-E），平均虫口密度为43头/m2，最高虫口密度为96头/m2；摩洛哥戟纹蝗低密度区的面积为230.77 hm2，平均虫口密度为2头/m2。在霍尔果斯市，共采集到3头摩洛哥戟纹蝗成虫。
2 摩洛哥戟纹蝗对中国的潜在风险分析
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2.1 二次迁入风险
新疆地处中国西北边陲，其边界线总长度约5 600 km，分别与哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、蒙古、俄罗斯和印度8个国家接壤。而摩洛哥戟纹蝗是哈萨克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和阿富汗中亚国家的主要蝗害之一（Khairov et al.，2024）。摩洛哥戟纹蝗常年为害哈萨克斯坦南部，并已形成了稳定的种群（李金星等，2025），该种群的成虫具有极强的迁飞性，每天可飞行25~30 km（Khaytmuratov & Karshieva，2021），整个成虫期可迁飞70~100 km，最远可达200 km（Khairov et al.，2024；李金星等，2025）。哈萨克斯坦与中国新疆摩洛哥戟纹蝗的两个主要发生区霍城县（最近入侵地）和伊宁市（最远入侵地）的直线距离分别为48 km和53 km，这意味着摩洛哥戟纹蝗完全可以从哈萨克斯坦迁飞入侵中国。季荣等（2026）在哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图以东170 km处的荒漠半荒漠草地采集到摩洛哥戟纹蝗。同时摩洛哥戟纹蝗成虫期时盛行西北季风（李金星等，2025），李金星等（2026）利用后向轨迹模型并结合摩洛哥戟纹蝗飞行参数和气象资料数据明确了该蝗虫可随西北季风从哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图州迁飞入侵中国。如果未来摩洛哥戟纹蝗在哈萨克斯坦南部暴发成灾，该蝗虫将极有可能二次迁飞入侵中国。
2.2 本地扩散风险
摩洛哥戟纹蝗本地扩散风险主要体现在入侵地成虫迁飞扩散和蝗蝻聚集扩散。首先，摩洛哥戟纹蝗成虫具有极强的迁飞能力，在入侵地本课题组观察到其能短距离扩散，且多在高处聚集以便借助风力扩散，这就意味着该蝗虫能在已入侵地迁飞扩散。其次，群居型摩洛哥戟纹蝗自2龄蝗蝻便开始表现出群居行为，形成密集的蝗蝻群聚带（Khairov et al.，2024），整个蝗蝻期可迁徙3~5 km（Latchininsky，1998）。蝗蝻群聚带的形成是蝗灾早期的关键征兆，也是成虫蝗群的前兆（Khairov et al.，2024）。摩洛哥戟纹蝗雌成虫繁殖力强，单头平均可产3~4个卵囊，每个卵囊含30余粒卵；蝗灾暴发后，雌成虫更倾向于聚集产卵，卵囊密度常达300~500个/m2（Latchininsky，1998）。Khairov et al.（2024）研究报道在塔吉克斯坦南部摩洛哥戟纹蝗雌成虫卵囊最高密度达3 416个/m2，而Latchininsky（1998）研究报道摩洛哥戟纹蝗雌成虫卵囊最高密度高达8 000个/m2。本课题组发现摩洛哥戟纹蝗在高密度入侵区域聚集产卵（图1-C），卵囊密度高达150~280个/m2；如果按60%的越冬存活率计算，来年每平方米将孵化2 700~5 040头蝗蝻，聚集在入侵区域附近3~5 km处扩散取食，形成蝗蝻带。来年应密切关注蝗蝻的孵化情况，及时做好防治工作。同时，警惕卵囊择时而孵的习性，即上一年所产卵不在次年完全孵化，而是选择春热夏旱的年份集中孵化，最终演变为蝗灾。摩洛哥戟纹蝗是否也存在此习性尚不清楚，如果存在就意味在持续性防控该蝗虫后，其可能在春热夏旱的年份集中孵化，进而再次发生为害。此外，还要警惕摩洛哥戟纹蝗强大的种群恢复能力。当摩洛哥戟纹蝗卵囊密度为100个/m2时，即使防效达到98%，而2%个体幸存次年仍能繁殖出同等规模种群（Latchininsky，1998）。综上所述，入侵地摩洛哥戟纹蝗的防控将成为长期性工作。
2.3 潜在定殖风险
摩洛哥戟纹蝗是旱生性蝗类，偏好坚实、未受扰动的裸露土块及与鳞茎早熟禾Poa bulbosa 和苔草Carex spp.等短命植物交错分布的荒漠山麓地带，海拔一般介于800~1 200 m（Latchininsky，1998；2023）。入侵地霍城县萨尔布拉克镇属温性荒漠，为山麓地带，地表主要为裸土，并伴有苔草、早熟禾等禾本科植被（图1-A），海拔为800~1 000 m，土壤为极坚实的黏质壤土，这些生境特征完全符合摩洛哥戟纹蝗的栖息生境特征。在天然草原，摩洛戟纹蝗的蝗蝻和成虫均偏好取食禾本科鳞茎早熟禾和莎草科苔草等短命植物，这些植物能保证种群的存活和繁殖（Uvarov，1977）。入侵地霍城县萨尔布拉克镇属温性沙漠，优势植被为苔草，并伴生早熟禾等禾本科植物，这些植物均为摩洛戟纹蝗的天然寄主。此外，早春降雨对摩洛戟纹蝗的种群增长至关重要，当春季降雨不足100 mm时有利于蝗虫种群增长（Latchininsky，1998）。入侵地霍城县萨尔布拉克镇春季的降雨量约为76.3 mm，该地春季降水少的特点有利于摩洛哥戟纹蝗种群增长。综上所述，从生境、寄主和环境3个方面来看，入侵地霍城县萨尔布拉克镇适合摩洛哥戟纹蝗定殖。
3 针对摩洛哥戟纹蝗的防控对策与建议
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作为跨境入侵物种，摩洛哥戟纹蝗种群具有突发性强、扩散速度快、为害范围广等特点，一旦暴发将对中国西北农牧业生产与生态安全构成严重威胁，因此构建系统化的防控体系已成为当前生物安全治理的首要任务。系统化的防控体系包括建立健全摩洛哥戟纹蝗的监测预警体系、风险评估制度、应急响应机制和防控对策，从而实现早发现、早预警、早处置，最大限度降低入侵造成的损失。
3.1 摩洛哥戟纹蝗监测预警体系
摩洛哥戟纹蝗监测预警体系包括跨境监测合作和本地种群监测。跨境监测合作：与哈萨克斯坦等中亚国家交换蝗灾监测数据，建立联合监测机制，共享蝗群迁飞轨迹、种群动态及防治信息；重点监测伊犁河谷边境50 km范围内的高风险通道，利用昆虫雷达、卫星遥感和地面调查，追踪蝗群迁飞方向及密度。例如，塔吉克斯坦关于摩洛哥戟纹蝗治理的经验表明，统一、主动的害虫监测与预测及早期预警/预防行动至关重要，尤其是包括国际合作跨境调查以及与邻国共享信息和最佳治理实践在内的区域协作（Khairov et al.，2024）。同为越境为害的沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria和澳州疫蝗Chortoicetes terminifera蝗害治理的经验表明，抑制蝗害发生的关键在于国家建立区域防治合作机制，如在国家和国际层面持续的财政支持、可及时实施的防控方案以及设置蝗害防控储备基金（Hunter，2024）。本地种群监测：第一，在霍城县等入侵地设立固定监测点，定期调查卵囊密度（重点区域卵囊密度超200个/m2需预警）、蝗蝻孵化进度及成虫迁飞动态。如加强中哈边境和入侵地摩洛哥戟纹蝗的种群发生动态，防止来年二次迁飞入侵和迁飞扩散。第二，加强监测新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州春季和冬季的温度、降雨量以及夏季季风等气候变化，尤其是春季（3—5月）降雨少于100 mm的年份。因为在西班牙摩洛哥戟纹蝗蝗灾暴发与全年较大的温度波动、较低的年降水量及最冷季度降水量有关（Aragón et al.，2013）。第三，关注入侵地的畜载量和放牧强度。因为过度放牧会使土壤板结，禾草-莎草植被稀疏，这均会促进摩洛哥戟纹蝗的发生（Latchininsky，1998）。
3.2 摩洛哥戟纹蝗风险评估制度
尽快组织科研单位联合攻关摩洛哥戟纹蝗的适生区、溯源分析、入侵路径和摸底调查等风险评估工作。对摩洛哥戟纹蝗进行适生区研究，明确适生区域和其发生与环境因子的关系，从而指导摩洛哥戟纹蝗的监测和防治工作；对摩洛哥戟纹蝗进行溯源分析和入侵路径研究，查明该蝗入侵中国的时间、入侵蝗源和迁飞路径，从而进一步指导监测和预警措施；对伊犁河谷边境区域（高风险区域）开展专项调查，尽管2025年已初步明确摩洛哥戟纹蝗仅在霍城县、伊宁市和霍尔果斯市的温性荒漠地带发生，还应对伊犁河谷边境区域进行全面普查，摸清摩洛哥戟纹蝗的发生和分布。
3.3 摩洛哥戟纹蝗应急响应制度
第一，林草职能部门应尽快制订《摩洛哥戟纹蝗应急预案》，明确药剂储备、队伍调度等流程以及药剂使用标准、规程。第二，制订组织保障，包括跨部门协同和执法监督，如成立蝗灾应急指挥部，统筹防控资源，成立蝗灾应急指挥部，统筹药剂储备、器械调配。第三，地方政府设立蝗虫防控专班，实行“属地负责制”。2025年摩洛哥戟纹蝗入侵当年，新疆林草部门采取了应急防控举措，如区、州、县三级林草主管部门联合新疆农业大学迅速启动“鉴定-调查-防治”同步应急机制，采用无人机、大型喷雾机和人工背负式喷雾器对霍城县和伊宁市摩洛哥戟纹蝗疫区进行全覆盖药剂防治。第四，新疆和国家林草部门应重视摩洛哥戟纹蝗，更要重视与中亚国家的科研合作，建议中国加入联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations，FAO）的《高加索和中亚地区国家及区域蝗虫治理改善计划》，实现蝗情区域合作和监测防控，尤其是中国与哈萨克斯坦在边境地区继续开展蝗灾联防机制，并建立中哈边境蝗虫联防联控示范区。第五，开发FAO蝗情数据自动化采集系统和蝗虫治理系统，实现蝗情数据采集和防控统一、标准化（Word Ries et al.，2024）。第六，职能部门应对疫区实施严格管控措施，严禁私自将虫源带离疫区；严格监管边境农产品贸易，防止蝗虫卵囊随土壤非法入境；用于研究的摩洛哥戟纹蝗虫源采集应上报疫区属地部门等。
3.4 摩洛哥戟纹蝗的防控对策
第一，将摩洛哥戟纹蝗列入《中国外来入侵物种名单》，明确该蝗的防控优先级。第二，对疫区的摩洛哥戟纹蝗采取根除性防控，坚持“露头就打，阻截扩散”的原则，并尽快制订摩洛哥戟纹蝗根除性防控方案，如药剂阻隔带、生物防治和化学防控。在成虫期和蝗蝻期前，在入侵地外缘和近农田设置药剂防治阻隔带，防止入侵地的成虫迁飞扩散和蝗蝻聚集扩散。采用球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana和蝗虫微孢子虫Antonospora locustae等微生物防控措施对摩洛哥戟纹蝗高密度聚集产卵区域进行防治（Quesada-Moraga et al.，2001；李金星等，2025），以根除或杜绝虫源扩张和暴发。Collar et al.（2002）研究结果显示金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae对摩洛哥戟纹蝗的防效较高；施用金龟子绿僵菌28 d后，摩洛哥戟纹蝗种群数量显著下降至50%，施用41 d后摩洛哥戟纹蝗种群数量可减少90%（Klass et al.，2007）。Quesada-Moraga et al.（2001）自摩洛哥戟纹蝗蝗蝻中分离得到了苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis Aizawi型菌株，该菌株处理8 d后摩洛哥戟纹蝗成虫死亡率达54%。成群粉红椋鸟Pastor roseus会显著降低摩洛哥戟纹蝗密度（Latchininsky，2023）。摩洛哥戟纹蝗防治的最佳时期是1龄蝗蝻期（Guerrero et al.，2018），因此在4月上旬（1龄蝗蝻期）对低密度发生区域采取化学防控可抑制虫源发生。可适当放宽当前草原虫害防控限制（必须使用植物源农药），选用菊酯类的高效氯氟氰菊酯、苯基吡唑类的氟虫腈、苯甲酰脲类（昆虫生长调节剂）的除虫脲和虱螨脲、有机磷类的毒死蜱以及植物源杀虫剂印楝素（Guerrero et al.，2018；李金星等，2025）等FAO推荐的化学农药。同时，针对蝗虫发育阶段选择杀虫剂。蝗蝻阶段施用10%高效氯氰菊酯和5%高效氯氟氰菊酯，而成虫羽化后期施用含50%毒死蜱与5%氯氰菊酯的复配产品（Khairov et al.，2024）。目前国外常采用超低量喷雾技术对摩洛哥戟纹蝗进行化学防治，而国内基本上采用无人机进行防控，这就意味着目前未找到适合中国国情的化学防治方法，因此迫切需要开展关于摩洛哥戟纹蝗的植物源和无人机施药技术的相关研究。
3.5 建议
尽管国外已有大量关于摩洛哥戟纹蝗常年发生地的研究，但中国作为摩洛哥戟纹蝗的新入侵地，关于该蝗的基础研究较薄弱。因此，建议设立中央-地方联动专项科研项目，即由新疆与国家林业和草原局共同出资支持行业科研院所系统开展摩洛哥戟纹蝗的入侵生物学、种群生态学及监测预警技术研究，重点研发植物源农药与无人机精准施药等环境友好型防控技术；同时推动中哈跨境联合科考与联防联控机制建设，从而夯实科学认知基础，创新绿色防控手段，阻断跨境扩散路径，最终构建“科研先行-技术支撑-区域联动”的可持续治理体系。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2607700)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025126
  • 接收时间：2025-09-05
  • 首发时间：2026-05-27
  • 出版时间：2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期：2025-09-05
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2607700)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)
作者信息
    1.新疆农业大学农学院，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州治蝗灭鼠指挥中心，伊宁 835000
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区草原生物灾害防治中心，乌鲁木齐 830001
    4.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室，北京 100193

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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