Article(id=1266470720616944387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025132, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1758470400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879749680, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879749680, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879749680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879749680, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879723857, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266470612705890691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=487, endPage=497, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470720897962757, articleId=1266470720616944387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Insecticidal activity of transgenic Cry rice and Cry proteins against the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the relationship between transgenic Cry rice and resistance to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, proteins with insecticidal activity against N. lugens were screened using an artificial diet supplemented with proteins, and their toxicity was determined. Transgenic rice containing the corresponding insecticidal proteins was then used to feed N. lugens to verify its insecticidal activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the concentrations of Cry proteins in stems of transgenic rice, in diets supplemented with different Cry proteins, and in N. lugens after feeding on these stems and diets. The results showed that feeding on artificial diets containing Cry2A, Cry1Ah, Cry1F, and Cry1Ba significantly reduced the survival rate of N. lugens. The LC50 values of Cry1Ah, Cry1F, and Cry1Ba against N. lugens were 95.41, 13.89, and 559.7 mg/L, respectively. Feeding on transgenic rice KF6 (containing Cry1Ac and CpTi genes), TT51-1 (containing Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab genes), and ZLSAH10 (containing Cry1Ah gene) had no significant effect on survival rate, but the body weight of female adults fed on TT51-1 was significantly reduced compared to the control. Cry proteins were be detectable in N. lugens after one day of feeding on an artificial diet containing 100 mg/L Cry protein, and their accumulation increased with increasing feeding concentration and duration. The Cry protein concentrations in stems of transgenic rice TT51-1 and ZLSAH10 did not differ significantly among the three growth stages, while those in KF6 differed significantly among stages. After feeding on transgenic Cry rice at different growth periods for 15 d, Cry proteins were detectable in N. lugens, accounting for approximately 0.1% of those in rice stems, but the variation trend of Cry protein concentration in N. lugens was not consistent with that in rice stems.

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为明确转Cry基因水稻与褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens抗性之间的关系,通过饲喂添加Cry蛋白的人工饲料筛选出对褐飞虱有杀虫活性的蛋白,并测定该蛋白对褐飞虱的毒力;利用含相应杀虫蛋白的转基因水稻饲喂褐飞虱验证其杀虫活性;利用酶联免疫吸附试验测定不同转Cry基因水稻茎秆中杀虫蛋白浓度和添加不同杀虫蛋白的饲料中杀虫蛋白浓度以及取食上述茎秆和饲料后褐飞虱体内杀虫蛋白的浓度。结果显示:取食含Cry2A、Cry1Ah、Cry1F和Cry1Ba蛋白的人工饲料显著降低了褐飞虱的存活率。Cry1Ah、Cry1F和Cry1Ba蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50分别为95.41、13.89和559.7 mg/L。取食转基因水稻KF6(含Cry1AcCpTi基因)、TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab融合基因)和ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah基因)对褐飞虱存活率无显著影响,但取食转基因水稻TT51-1的褐飞虱雌成虫体重较对照显著下降。取食含100 mg/L Cry蛋白的人工饲料1 d后,褐飞虱体内就能检测到Cry蛋白,且体内积累量随取食浓度和取食时间的增加而增加。转基因水稻TT51-1和ZLSAH10茎秆中Cry蛋白浓度在3个生育期无显著差异,而转基因水稻KF6茎秆中Cry浓度在3个生育期差异显著。取食不同生育期的转Cry基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内均能检测到Cry蛋白,约为转Cry基因水稻茎秆中的0.1%,但褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度的变化趋势与各生育期转Cry基因水稻内Cry蛋白浓度的变化趋势并不一致。

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Temporal expression patterns of Cry1Ab insecticidal protein in Bt rice plants and its degradation in paddy soils. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25(7): 1583-1590 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500269888218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=25, issue=7, pageStart=1583, pageEnd=1590, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=1, authorNames=白耀宇, 蒋明星, 程家安, journalName=生态学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白耀宇, 蒋明星, 程家安. 2005. Bt水稻Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白表达的时间动态及其在水稻土中的降解. 生态学报, 25(7): 1583-1590, articleTitle=Bt水稻Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白表达的时间动态及其在水稻土中的降解, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500349579995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=2, issue=5, pageStart=417, pageEnd=430, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=2, authorNames=Breitler JC, Vassal JM, Del Mar Catala M, Meynard D, Marfà V, Melé E, Royer M, Murillo I, San Segundo B, Guiderdoni E, journalName=Plant Biotechnology Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Breitler JC, Vassal JM, Del Mar Catala M, Meynard D, Marfà V, Melé E, Royer M, Murillo I, San Segundo B, Guiderdoni E, et al. 2004. Bt rice harbouring cry genes controlled by a constitutive or wound-inducible promoter: protection and transgene expression under Mediterranean field conditions. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2(5): 417-430, articleTitle=Bt rice harbouring cry genes controlled by a constitutive or wound-inducible promoter: protection and transgene expression under Mediterranean field conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500420883164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=68, issue=8, pageStart=2539, pageEnd=2546, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Cao BB, Shu CL, Geng LL, Song FP, Zhang J, journalName=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao BB, Shu CL, Geng LL, Song FP, Zhang J. 2020. Cry78Ba1, one novel crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis with high insecticidal activity against rice planthopper. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(8): 2539-2546, articleTitle=Cry78Ba1, one novel crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis with high insecticidal activity against rice planthopper, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500475409117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=101, issue=1, pageStart=182, pageEnd=189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=4, authorNames=Chen H, Zhang GA, Zhang QF, Lin YJ, journalName=Journal of Economic Entomology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen H, Zhang GA, Zhang QF, Lin YJ. 2008. Effect of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice lines on mortality and feeding behavior of rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 101(1): 182-189, articleTitle=Effect of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice lines on mortality and feeding behavior of rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500546712286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=365, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=5, authorNames=Chen M, Ye GY, Hu C, Datta SK, journalName=Journal of Plant Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen M, Ye GY, Hu C, Datta SK. 2003. Effects of transgenic Bt indica rice on the feeding and oviposition behavior of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens . Journal of Plant Protection, 30(4): 365-370 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500609626847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=365, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=6, authorNames=陈茂, 叶恭银, 胡萃, Datta SK, journalName=植物保护学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈茂, 叶恭银, 胡萃, Datta SK. 2003. Bt籼稻对褐飞虱取食、产卵行为的影响. 植物保护学报, 30(4): 365-370, articleTitle=Bt籼稻对褐飞虱取食、产卵行为的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500672541408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Chen SY, journalName=The study on improvement and application of Cry30Fa1 and Cry54Aa1 in transgenic rice against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). PhD thesis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen SY. 2015. The study on improvement and application of Cry30Fa1 and Cry54Aa1 in transgenic rice against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). PhD thesis. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Science (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500743844577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=8, authorNames=陈书元, journalName=Cry30Fa1及Cry54Aa1的改造及其在抗褐飞虱转基因水稻中的应用研究. 博士学位论文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈书元. 2015. Cry30Fa1Cry54Aa1的改造及其在抗褐飞虱转基因水稻中的应用研究. 博士学位论文. 北京: 中国科学院大学, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500798370530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=21, issue=2, pageStart=279, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=9, authorNames=Chen Y, Tian JC, Wang W, Fang Q, Akhtar ZR, Peng YF, Cui H, Guo YY, Song QS, Ye GY, journalName=Transgenic Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Y, Tian JC, Wang W, Fang Q, Akhtar ZR, Peng YF, Cui H, Guo YY, Song QS, Ye GY. 2012. Bt rice expressing Cry1Ab does not stimulate an outbreak of its non-target herbivore, Nilaparvata lugens . Transgenic Research, 21(2): 279-291, articleTitle=Bt rice expressing Cry1Ab does not stimulate an outbreak of its non-target herbivore, Nilaparvata lugens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500869673699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=356, pageEnd=358, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Cui XH, Jiao XG, Zhang GA, Tu JM, Xu CG, journalName=Journal of Huazhong Agricultural, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui XH, Jiao XG, Zhang GA, Tu JM, Xu CG. 2002. Effect of Bt transgenic rice to leafhoppers and spiders in field. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural, 21(4): 356-358 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746500936782564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=356, pageEnd=358, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=11, authorNames=崔旭红, 焦晓国, 张国安, 涂巨民, 徐才国, journalName=华中农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔旭红, 焦晓国, 张国安, 涂巨民, 徐才国. 2002. 转Bt基因水稻对稻飞虱及蜘蛛种群数量的影响. 华中农业大学学报, 21(4): 356-358, articleTitle=转Bt基因水稻对稻飞虱及蜘蛛种群数量的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746501041640165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=252, pageEnd=256, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Dong YQ, Li Q, You MS, Lin S, journalName=Journal of Fujian A&F University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong YQ, Li Q, You MS, Lin S. 2016. 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Journal of Fujian A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 45(3): 252-256 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746501108749030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=252, pageEnd=256, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=13, authorNames=董亚强, 李强, 尤民生, 林胜, journalName=福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=董亚强, 李强, 尤民生, 林胜. 2016. 转cry1Ab抗虫水稻对褐飞虱取食及产卵选择行为的影响. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 45(3): 252-256, articleTitle=转cry1Ab抗虫水稻对褐飞虱取食及产卵选择行为的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746501180052199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=36, issue=1, pageStart=111, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=14, authorNames=Fu Q, Zhang ZT, Hu C, Lai FX, Sun ZX, journalName=Applied Entomology and Zoology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu Q, Zhang ZT, Hu C, Lai FX, Sun ZX. 2001. 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Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences, 37(5): 567-578 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746501565928171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=567, pageEnd=578, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=18, authorNames=金高晨, 李冉, journalName=生命科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金高晨, 李冉. 2025. 水稻与褐飞虱的分子互作研究进展. 生命科学, 37(5): 567-578, articleTitle=水稻与褐飞虱的分子互作研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746501620454124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=14, issue=3, pageStart=839, pageEnd=848, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Li YH, Hallerman EM, Liu QS, Wu KM, Peng YF, journalName=Plant Biotechnology Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li YH, Hallerman EM, Liu QS, Wu KM, Peng YF. 2016. The development and status of Bt rice in China. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 14(3): 839-848, articleTitle=The development and status of Bt rice in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746501679174381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=84, issue=3, pageStart=e01996, pageEnd=e01917, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=20, authorNames=Liu YL, Wang YL, Shu CL, Lin KJ, Song FP, Bravo A, Soberón M, Zhang J, journalName=Applied and Environmental Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu YL, Wang YL, Shu CL, Lin KJ, Song FP, Bravo A, Soberón M, Zhang J. 2018. Cry64Ba and Cry64Ca, two ETX/MTX2-type Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins active against hemipteran pests. 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China Sciencepaper, 9(9): 1075-1079 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746503981847304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=9, issue=9, pageStart=1075, pageEnd=1079, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=47, authorNames=周睿琦, 赵梦洁, 全为礼, 马伟华, 王小平, journalName=中国科技论文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周睿琦, 赵梦洁, 全为礼, 马伟华, 王小平. 2014. 二化螟的水稻种群和茭白种群对杀虫剂和Cry蛋白的敏感性比较. 中国科技论文, 9(9): 1075-1079, articleTitle=二化螟的水稻种群和茭白种群对杀虫剂和Cry蛋白的敏感性比较, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1266746499972092631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, awardId=2024YFD1400700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1266746500047590104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, awardId=32272538, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32272538), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1266746489817682585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746489826071194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, companyId=1266746489817682585, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Center for Plant Environmental Safety Assessment(Hangzhou), China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, Zhejiang Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746489834459803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, companyId=1266746489817682585, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国水稻研究所,农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州),杭州 311401)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1266746498474726085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Survival rate of 4th-instar nymphs (A) and body weight of female adults (B) ofNilaparvata lugens after feeding on Cry protein, figureFileSmall=J6TcfWgMybMW7AgN4D5RfQ==, figureFileBig=sJtxSXSqTRhwpTIJyT1xWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746498550223558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=图1, caption=取食Cry蛋白后褐飞虱4龄若虫的存活率(A)和雌成虫的体重(B)

图中数据为平均数±标准误。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间经Duncan氏新复极差法检验差异显著(P<0.05)。Data are mean±SE. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments according to Duncan’s new multiple range test (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=J6TcfWgMybMW7AgN4D5RfQ==, figureFileBig=sJtxSXSqTRhwpTIJyT1xWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746498722190023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Corrected mortalities of 4th instar nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens after 5 d of feeding on Cry1F (A),Cry1Ah (B), and Cry1Ba (C) proteins, figureFileSmall=+vbu+peX9Tuka3fXx4QPNQ==, figureFileBig=aG9O4vkZW83hShPXjCJE0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746498785104584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=图2, caption=取食Cry1F(A)、Cry1Ah(B)和Cry1Ba(C)蛋白5 d时褐飞虱4龄若虫的校正死亡率

图中数据为平均数±标准误。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间经Duncan氏新复极差法检验差异显著(P<0.05)。Data are mean±SE. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments according to Duncan’s new multiple range test (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=+vbu+peX9Tuka3fXx4QPNQ==, figureFileBig=aG9O4vkZW83hShPXjCJE0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746498881573577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Stability of Cry1Ac (A) and Cry1Ah (B) proteins in artificial diet, figureFileSmall=TRHxmfICNkAs5f8Ypxd+Pw==, figureFileBig=JaeOWmfT64xJW/ZRSzfSVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746498944488138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Cry1Ac(A)和Cry1Ah(B)蛋白在人工饲料中的稳定性

图中数据为平均数±标准误。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间经Duncan氏新复极差法检验差异显著(P<0.05)。Data are mean±SE. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different days according to Duncan’s new multiple range test (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=TRHxmfICNkAs5f8Ypxd+Pw==, figureFileBig=JaeOWmfT64xJW/ZRSzfSVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746499003208395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Survival rates of 2nd-4th instar nymphs of Nilaparvatalugens after feeding on artificial diet for different durations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

龄期

Instar

取食不同时间的存活率 Survival rate at different feeding durations/%
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d
2龄2nd instar99.00±1.00 a83.00±1.22 b75.00±4.18 b58.00±3.74 c55.00±2.74 c55.00±2.74 c52.40±2.18 c
3龄3rd instar97.00±1.22 a85.00±1.58 b77.00±3.00 b75.00±2.24 b74.00±2.45 b69.60±3.26 b68.60±3.39 b
4龄4th instar98.00±1.22 a92.20±1.96 a90.60±2.98 a90.60±2.98 a89.00±2.81 a81.40±0.98 a81.40±0.98 a
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499074511564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

取食人工饲料不同时间后褐飞虱2~4龄若虫的存活率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

龄期

Instar

取食不同时间的存活率 Survival rate at different feeding durations/%
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d
2龄2nd instar99.00±1.00 a83.00±1.22 b75.00±4.18 b58.00±3.74 c55.00±2.74 c55.00±2.74 c52.40±2.18 c
3龄3rd instar97.00±1.22 a85.00±1.58 b77.00±3.00 b75.00±2.24 b74.00±2.45 b69.60±3.26 b68.60±3.39 b
4龄4th instar98.00±1.22 a92.20±1.96 a90.60±2.98 a90.60±2.98 a89.00±2.81 a81.40±0.98 a81.40±0.98 a
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499137426125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Corrected mortality of 4th instar nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens after treatment with differentconcentrations of trypsin inhibitor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

浓度

Concentration/(mg/L)

取食不同时间的校正死亡率 Corrected mortality at different feeding durations/%
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d
5 00021.21±7.76 a65.96±5.47 a91.21±3.29 a97.80±1.35 a100.00±0.00 a
2 50021.21±6.70 a59.57±9.46 a79.12±6.12 a91.21±5.10 a97.78±2.22 a
1 25027.27±3.78 a38.35±7.69 b59.56±7.43 b76.92±4.72 b85.56±6.71 b
6253.03±1.00 b12.77±2.71 c14.18±1.18 c29.67±4.73 c37.00±3.54 c
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499208729294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同浓度胰蛋白酶抑制剂处理后褐飞虱4龄若虫的校正死亡率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

浓度

Concentration/(mg/L)

取食不同时间的校正死亡率 Corrected mortality at different feeding durations/%
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d
5 00021.21±7.76 a65.96±5.47 a91.21±3.29 a97.80±1.35 a100.00±0.00 a
2 50021.21±6.70 a59.57±9.46 a79.12±6.12 a91.21±5.10 a97.78±2.22 a
1 25027.27±3.78 a38.35±7.69 b59.56±7.43 b76.92±4.72 b85.56±6.71 b
6253.03±1.00 b12.77±2.71 c14.18±1.18 c29.67±4.73 c37.00±3.54 c
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499284226767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Corrected mortality of 4th instar nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens after treatment with different concentrations of triflumezopyrim

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

浓度

Concentration/(mg/L)

取食不同时间的校正死亡率Corrected mortality at different feeding durations/%
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d
14.04±2.26 ab43.55±3.90 a75.82±7.89 a92.31±2.80 a100.00±0.00 a
1×10-36.06±2.02 a20.74±2.71 b43.96±5.33 b88.52±7.16 ab100.00±0.00 a
1×10-64.04±1.60 ab12.77±6.20 bc23.08±7.57 c76.92±4.40 b100.00±0.00 a
1×10-91.01±1.24 b3.19±1.99 c7.69±3.20 cd46.15±3.64 c74.44±2.83 b
1×10-120.00±1.01 b0.00±3.20 d1.06±2.71d5.49±2.69 d7.11±1.74 c
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499389084368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同浓度三氟苯嘧啶处理后褐飞虱4龄若虫的校正死亡率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

浓度

Concentration/(mg/L)

取食不同时间的校正死亡率Corrected mortality at different feeding durations/%
1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d
14.04±2.26 ab43.55±3.90 a75.82±7.89 a92.31±2.80 a100.00±0.00 a
1×10-36.06±2.02 a20.74±2.71 b43.96±5.33 b88.52±7.16 ab100.00±0.00 a
1×10-64.04±1.60 ab12.77±6.20 bc23.08±7.57 c76.92±4.40 b100.00±0.00 a
1×10-91.01±1.24 b3.19±1.99 c7.69±3.20 cd46.15±3.64 c74.44±2.83 b
1×10-120.00±1.01 b0.00±3.20 d1.06±2.71d5.49±2.69 d7.11±1.74 c
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499464581841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of feeding on transgenic Cry rice on survival rate and adult body weight of Nilaparvata lugens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水稻品种

Rice variety

存活率

Survival rate/%

体重Body weight/mg
雌成虫Female adult雄成虫Male adult
KF6(含Cry1AcCpTi) KF6 (containing Cry1Ac and CpTi)83.33±1.92 a4.864±0.057 ab1.112±0.088 a
TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab) TT51-1 (containing Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab)85.56±2.94 a4.314±0.768 b1.213±0.024 a
ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah) ZLSAH10 (containing Cry1Ah)81.11±1.11 a5.345±0.457 a1.084±0.210 a
TN1 (CK)86.67±1.92 a5.388±0.301 a1.166±0.101 a
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499544273618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

取食转Cry基因水稻对褐飞虱存活率及成虫体重的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水稻品种

Rice variety

存活率

Survival rate/%

体重Body weight/mg
雌成虫Female adult雄成虫Male adult
KF6(含Cry1AcCpTi) KF6 (containing Cry1Ac and CpTi)83.33±1.92 a4.864±0.057 ab1.112±0.088 a
TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab) TT51-1 (containing Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab)85.56±2.94 a4.314±0.768 b1.213±0.024 a
ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah) ZLSAH10 (containing Cry1Ah)81.11±1.11 a5.345±0.457 a1.084±0.210 a
TN1 (CK)86.67±1.92 a5.388±0.301 a1.166±0.101 a
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499615576787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Cry protein concentrations in Nilaparvata lugens after feeding on different concentrations of Cry1Ac and Cry1Ah proteins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Cry蛋白类型

Cry protein type

浓度

Concentration/(mg/L)

取食时间

Feeding time/d

褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度

Cry protein concentration in

Nilaparvata lugens/(ng/g)

Cry1Ac10019.91±1.90 d
265.28±8.51 c
5001167.87±11.49 a
294.12±1.41 b
Cry1Ah100118.59±2.68 b
242.96±5.32 b
5001184.67±56.46 a
2171.88±11.12 a
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499682685652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

取食不同浓度Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

Cry蛋白类型

Cry protein type

浓度

Concentration/(mg/L)

取食时间

Feeding time/d

褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度

Cry protein concentration in

Nilaparvata lugens/(ng/g)

Cry1Ac10019.91±1.90 d
265.28±8.51 c
5001167.87±11.49 a
294.12±1.41 b
Cry1Ah100118.59±2.68 b
242.96±5.32 b
5001184.67±56.46 a
2171.88±11.12 a
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499749794517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Cry protein concentrations in stems of transgenic Cry rice and in Nilaparvata lugens after 15 days of feeding on transgenic Cry rice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水稻品种

Rice variety

生育期

Stage

Cry蛋白浓度Cry protein concentration

水稻茎秆中

In rice stems/(µg/g)

取食15 d后褐飞虱体内

In N. lugens after 15 d of feeding/(ng/g)

KF6(含Cry1AcCpTi

KF6 (containing Cry1Ac

and CpTi)

苗期Seedling stage0.431±0.042 c低于定量限 Below the quantification limit
分蘖期Tillering stage1.053±0.069 b0.721±0.515
孕穗期Booting stage1.212±0.015 a低于定量限 Below the quantification limit

TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab

TT51-1 (containing

Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab)

苗期Seedling stage1.320±0.135 a1.435±0.258
分蘖期Tillering stage1.257±0.019 a1.267±0.506
孕穗期Booting stage1.240±0.042 a1.204±0.607

ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah

ZLSAH10 (containing Cry1Ah)

苗期Seedling stage0.826±0.254 a低于定量限 Below the quantification limit
分蘖期Tillering stage0.626±0.116 a0.616±0.140
孕穗期Booting stage0.716±0.189 a1.651±0.823
), ArticleFig(id=1266746499829486294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470720616944387, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

Cry基因水稻茎秆中及取食15 d后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水稻品种

Rice variety

生育期

Stage

Cry蛋白浓度Cry protein concentration

水稻茎秆中

In rice stems/(µg/g)

取食15 d后褐飞虱体内

In N. lugens after 15 d of feeding/(ng/g)

KF6(含Cry1AcCpTi

KF6 (containing Cry1Ac

and CpTi)

苗期Seedling stage0.431±0.042 c低于定量限 Below the quantification limit
分蘖期Tillering stage1.053±0.069 b0.721±0.515
孕穗期Booting stage1.212±0.015 a低于定量限 Below the quantification limit

TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab

TT51-1 (containing

Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab)

苗期Seedling stage1.320±0.135 a1.435±0.258
分蘖期Tillering stage1.257±0.019 a1.267±0.506
孕穗期Booting stage1.240±0.042 a1.204±0.607

ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah

ZLSAH10 (containing Cry1Ah)

苗期Seedling stage0.826±0.254 a低于定量限 Below the quantification limit
分蘖期Tillering stage0.626±0.116 a0.616±0.140
孕穗期Booting stage0.716±0.189 a1.651±0.823
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Cry基因抗虫水稻和Cry蛋白对褐飞虱的杀虫活性
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王渭霞 , 赖凤香 , 何佳春 , 魏琪 , 万品俊 , 傅强
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 487-497
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植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026, 53(2): 487-497
Cry基因抗虫水稻和Cry蛋白对褐飞虱的杀虫活性
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王渭霞 , 赖凤香, 何佳春, 魏琪, 万品俊, 傅强
作者信息
  • 中国水稻研究所,农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州),杭州 311401

通讯作者:

Insecticidal activity of transgenic Cry rice and Cry proteins against the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Weixia Wang , Fengxiang Lai, Jiachun He, Qi Wei, Pinjun Wan, Qiang Fu
Affiliations
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Center for Plant Environmental Safety Assessment(Hangzhou), China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, Zhejiang Province, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025132
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为明确转Cry基因水稻与褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens抗性之间的关系,通过饲喂添加Cry蛋白的人工饲料筛选出对褐飞虱有杀虫活性的蛋白,并测定该蛋白对褐飞虱的毒力;利用含相应杀虫蛋白的转基因水稻饲喂褐飞虱验证其杀虫活性;利用酶联免疫吸附试验测定不同转Cry基因水稻茎秆中杀虫蛋白浓度和添加不同杀虫蛋白的饲料中杀虫蛋白浓度以及取食上述茎秆和饲料后褐飞虱体内杀虫蛋白的浓度。结果显示:取食含Cry2A、Cry1Ah、Cry1F和Cry1Ba蛋白的人工饲料显著降低了褐飞虱的存活率。Cry1Ah、Cry1F和Cry1Ba蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50分别为95.41、13.89和559.7 mg/L。取食转基因水稻KF6(含Cry1AcCpTi基因)、TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab融合基因)和ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah基因)对褐飞虱存活率无显著影响,但取食转基因水稻TT51-1的褐飞虱雌成虫体重较对照显著下降。取食含100 mg/L Cry蛋白的人工饲料1 d后,褐飞虱体内就能检测到Cry蛋白,且体内积累量随取食浓度和取食时间的增加而增加。转基因水稻TT51-1和ZLSAH10茎秆中Cry蛋白浓度在3个生育期无显著差异,而转基因水稻KF6茎秆中Cry浓度在3个生育期差异显著。取食不同生育期的转Cry基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内均能检测到Cry蛋白,约为转Cry基因水稻茎秆中的0.1%,但褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度的变化趋势与各生育期转Cry基因水稻内Cry蛋白浓度的变化趋势并不一致。

转基因水稻  /  Cry蛋白  /  褐飞虱  /  人工饲料  /  毒力

To clarify the relationship between transgenic Cry rice and resistance to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, proteins with insecticidal activity against N. lugens were screened using an artificial diet supplemented with proteins, and their toxicity was determined. Transgenic rice containing the corresponding insecticidal proteins was then used to feed N. lugens to verify its insecticidal activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the concentrations of Cry proteins in stems of transgenic rice, in diets supplemented with different Cry proteins, and in N. lugens after feeding on these stems and diets. The results showed that feeding on artificial diets containing Cry2A, Cry1Ah, Cry1F, and Cry1Ba significantly reduced the survival rate of N. lugens. The LC50 values of Cry1Ah, Cry1F, and Cry1Ba against N. lugens were 95.41, 13.89, and 559.7 mg/L, respectively. Feeding on transgenic rice KF6 (containing Cry1Ac and CpTi genes), TT51-1 (containing Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab genes), and ZLSAH10 (containing Cry1Ah gene) had no significant effect on survival rate, but the body weight of female adults fed on TT51-1 was significantly reduced compared to the control. Cry proteins were be detectable in N. lugens after one day of feeding on an artificial diet containing 100 mg/L Cry protein, and their accumulation increased with increasing feeding concentration and duration. The Cry protein concentrations in stems of transgenic rice TT51-1 and ZLSAH10 did not differ significantly among the three growth stages, while those in KF6 differed significantly among stages. After feeding on transgenic Cry rice at different growth periods for 15 d, Cry proteins were detectable in N. lugens, accounting for approximately 0.1% of those in rice stems, but the variation trend of Cry protein concentration in N. lugens was not consistent with that in rice stems.

transgenic rice  /  Cry protein  /  brown planthopper  /  artificial diet  /  toxicity
王渭霞, 赖凤香, 何佳春, 魏琪, 万品俊, 傅强. 转Cry基因抗虫水稻和Cry蛋白对褐飞虱的杀虫活性. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 487 -497 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025132
Weixia Wang, Fengxiang Lai, Jiachun He, Qi Wei, Pinjun Wan, Qiang Fu. Insecticidal activity of transgenic Cry rice and Cry proteins against the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 487 -497 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025132
褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens属半翅目飞虱科褐飞虱属Nilaparvata,是一种单食性刺吸式口器害虫,通过刺吸水稻韧皮部汁液为害水稻并传播病毒病(金高晨和李冉,2025)。褐飞虱繁殖力强、致害性强、及远距离迁飞能力强,是目前水稻生产中的主要害虫之一。筛选杀虫蛋白并转育抗虫转基因水稻是控制该害虫的有效策略之一。杀虫晶体(crystal,Cry)蛋白来源于苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)蛋白家族,是植物基因工程及转基因育种中应用最广、潜力最大的抗虫基因。因此,分析不同Cry蛋白对褐飞虱的杀虫活性、厘清转Cry基因水稻体内Cry蛋白浓度以及取食不同转Cry基因水稻后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度对于抗褐飞虱转基因水稻的培育具有重要意义。
Bt蛋白是一种原毒素,其本身无毒。原毒素在碱性环境下可被昆虫体内的蛋白酶水解而激活,激活的Bt蛋白可特异性与肠道上的受体结合,导致肠道穿孔(张龙等,2022)。典型的Bt蛋白能特异性杀灭鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目等害虫,而对半翅目刺吸式口器害虫的杀虫活性较低(孙晓妮等,2023)。目前用于水稻的Cry基因有Cry1AaCry1AcCry1BBreitler et al.,2004)、Cry2ACry9CRiaz et al.,2006Chen et al.,2008)、Cry1CYe et al.,2009)和Cry1Ca1Zaidi et al.,2009)等。我国已有一系列Bt水稻相继问世,其中转入Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab融合基因的TT51-1水稻及其衍生的杂交种籼优63已先后两次拿到中国生物安全证书(Li et al.,2016)。这些转基因抗虫水稻的作用靶标均为鳞翅目害虫二化螟Chilo suppressalis、稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis等。在室内和田间条件下这些转基因抗虫水稻对褐飞虱的存活、发育、产卵和种群数量等无显著影响(崔旭红等,2002Chen et al.,2012董亚强等,2016),但转Cry1Ab基因的籼稻对褐飞虱的取食和产卵有影响(陈茂等,2003)。 2018年以来,国内外研究人员通过饲喂添加蛋白的人工饲料陆续发现多个对飞虱、蚜虫等半翅目害虫有较高杀虫活性的新型Cry杀虫蛋白(Liu et al.,2018Wang et al.,2018Cao et al.,2020)。例如,Cry1Ab原毒素对褐飞虱3龄若虫的半致死浓度LC50高达190.23 μg/mL,Cry1Ac原蛋白和胰蛋白酶激活的Cry1Ac蛋白对褐飞虱2龄若虫的LC50分别为198.92 μg/mL和450.18 μg/mL(Shao et al.,20132018);Cry30Fa1和Cry78Aa蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50分别为96.58 μg/mL和15.78 µg/mL(王海鹏等,2016Wang et al.,2018),并获得了对褐飞虱高抗的转Cry30Fa1基因水稻株系(Cao et al.,2020)。但转Cry基因水稻中Cry蛋白浓度、取食这些水稻后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度以及转Cry基因水稻中Cry蛋白浓度与褐飞虱抗性之间的关系均不清楚。
为明确转Cry基因水稻与褐飞虱抗性之间的关系,本研究通过用添加Cry蛋白的人工饲料饲喂褐飞虱来筛选出对褐飞虱有杀虫活性的蛋白,并测定该蛋白对褐飞虱的毒力;在此基础上利用含相应杀虫蛋白的转基因水稻饲养褐飞虱,验证其杀虫活性;利用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定含不同杀虫蛋白的转基因水稻茎秆中和添加不同杀虫蛋白饲料中的杀虫蛋白浓度以及取食上述水稻茎秆和饲料后褐飞虱体内杀虫蛋白的浓度,以期为抗褐飞虱转基因水稻材料的选育和开发提供科学依据。
供试虫源、饲料和植物:褐飞虱种群为本实验室在感虫水稻品种台中本地1号(Taichung native 1,TN1)上长期饲养的种群,取2~4龄若虫供试。褐飞虱人工饲料为本实验室研发的D97全纯人工饲料(Fu et al.,2001)。转基因水稻为转化体TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab融合基因)、转化体KF6(含CpTiCry1Ac基因)以及转化体ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah基因),转化体TT51-1由华中农业大学提供,其他两种由福建农业科学研究院提供。
试剂和药剂:胰蛋白酶抑制剂,北京酷来博科技有限公司;Cry1Ac、Cry1Ah、Cry2A、Cry1C、Cry1F和Cry1Ba杀虫蛋白及Cry1Ab/Ac和Cry1Ah酶联免疫定量检测试剂盒,上海佑隆生物科技有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。10%三氟苯嘧啶(triflumezopyrim)悬浮剂,上海悦联生物科技有限公司。
2025年4月在中国水稻研究所农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州)进行试验,采用人工饲料法饲喂褐飞虱。用吸虫管吸取褐飞虱2、3和4龄若虫各20头,分别置于直径2.5 cm、长15.0 cm的双通玻璃管中,一端用孔径0.25 mm纱布封口,另一端用充分拉伸的两层蜡质封口膜包裹,两层膜中间滴50~70 µL D97人工饲料。将双通管置于铺有一层塑料和潮湿的黑色棉布上,饲料端朝外,用塑料布和黑色棉布包裹。趋光性诱使试虫至饲料端,并用口针穿过内层膜取食两层膜之间的人工饲料。每个龄期设5个重复,每个重复20头试虫。试虫于温度(28±2) ℃、相对湿度(75±5)%条件下饲养;每天更换饲料,用手轻拍双通管使试虫集中于纱布端,撕去封口膜,并用餐巾纸擦拭双通管内侧褐飞虱的蜜露;用毛笔将死虫和旧皮挑出,更换新饲料。每日观察并记录活虫数和羽化成虫数,并对羽化24 h内雌成虫称重,连续观察7 d。选择存活率高的龄期若虫进行Cry蛋白活性检测试验。
2025年4月在中国水稻研究所农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州)进行试验,采用人工饲料法分别测定不同浓度阳性对照(胰蛋白酶抑制剂和10%三氟苯嘧啶悬浮剂)对褐飞虱4龄若虫的影响。取胰蛋白酶抑制剂,用水配制成浓度为10 000 mg/L的母液,用人工饲料将母液按两倍梯度稀释,得到含5 000、2 500、1 250和625 mg/L胰蛋白酶抑制剂的人工饲料;按照1.2.1方法用含不同浓度胰蛋白酶抑制剂的人工饲料饲喂褐飞虱4龄若虫,以饲喂正常人工饲料为对照。每个处理5个重复,每个重复20头试虫,每天观察和记录活虫数,计算死亡率和校正死亡率,连续观察5 d。校正死亡率=(处理组死亡率-对照死亡率)/(1-对照死亡率)×100%。利用GraphPad Prism软件,以浓度对数值为自变量、以相应校正死亡率的概率值为因变量进行非线性回归拟合,根据回归方程计算胰蛋白酶抑制剂对褐飞虱的半致死浓度LC50
取10%三氟苯嘧啶原液,用水稀释10 000倍得到浓度为10 mg/L的母液;将母液按10倍稀释加入到人工饲料中,得到含1 mg/L三氟苯嘧啶的人工饲料;用人工饲料按1 000倍梯度稀释,分别获得含1×10-3、1×10-6、1×10-9、1×10-12 mg/L三氟苯嘧啶的人工饲料,其他步骤同上。根据LC50选择阳性对照。
Cry杀虫蛋白的筛选:2025年4月在中国水稻研究所农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州)测定不同Cry蛋白对褐飞虱的活性。根据《转基因植物环境安全评价第一部分:抗虫植物对非靶标生物影响的技术评价导则》(农业农村部公告第423号-18-2021),本研究按转基因水稻中Cry蛋白浓度最大值的10倍添加。根据1.2.1和1.2.2结果,以褐飞虱4龄若虫为试虫,以1.0×10-6 mg/L三氟苯嘧啶为阳性对照,将Cry1Ac、Cry1Ah、Cry2A、Cry1C、Cry1F和Cry1Ba这6种杀虫蛋白分别添加到人工饲料中,初始浓度为100 mg/L,以不添加杀虫蛋白的人工饲料为阴性对照。饲喂方法、饲养条件和饲料更换同1.2.1,每个处理5个重复,每个重复20头试虫。每日观察和记录活虫数,计算存活率,连续观察5 d。选择对试虫存活率无显著影响的Cry蛋白继续饲喂至第7天,称量初羽化雌成虫的体重。
Cry杀虫蛋白对褐飞虱的毒力测定:根据上述结果,选择对试虫存活率有显著影响的Cry1F、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ba三种杀虫蛋白进行毒力试验。Cry1F、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ba初始浓度分别设置为200、500和1 000 mg/L,用人工饲料按照两倍梯度稀释,每种蛋白分别获得5个浓度。按照1.2.1方法用含不同浓度Cry蛋白的人工饲料饲喂褐飞虱4龄若虫,以不添加杀虫蛋白的人工饲料为对照。饲喂方法、饲养条件和饲料更换同1.2.1,每个处理5个重复,每个重复20头试虫。每天观察和记录活虫数,计算死亡率和校正死亡率,连续观察5 d。按照1.2.2方法计算不同Cry蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50
2025年4月在中国水稻研究所农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州)测定转不同Cry基因水稻对褐飞虱存活率和成虫体重的影响。将转化体TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab融合基因)、转化体KF6(含CpTiCry1Ac基因)以及转化体ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah基因)水稻种子分别播种到直径20 cm、高5 cm的花盆中,每盆5粒种子,30 d后每盆保留健壮的水稻苗3株,待苗龄30 d时每株接入10头褐飞虱2龄若虫,每盆共接入30头试虫(1个重复),每种水稻重复3次;以取食感虫对照TN1水稻的试虫为对照。接虫15 d后统计活虫数,计算存活率,收集雌雄成虫并称重。
2025年6月在中国水稻研究所农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州)测定分别含Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白的人工饲料在饲喂条件下浓度的稳定性。分别将Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白添加至人工饲料中,初始浓度为100 mg/L。于温度(28±2) ℃、相对湿度(75±5)%条件下分别放置1 d和2 d后取样,每个处理每次取100 µL样品(1个重复),稀释20 000倍后分别采用Cry1Ab/Ac和Cry1Ah酶联免疫定量检测试剂盒检测Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白的浓度。每个处理3个重复,每个样品重复测3次。
2025年6月在中国水稻研究所农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州)测定取食含不同浓度Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白的人工饲料后褐飞虱4龄若虫体内Cry蛋白浓度。将两种蛋白分别加入到人工饲料中,浓度均设置为100 mg/L和500 mg/L。按照1.2.1方法用含不同Cry蛋白的人工饲料饲喂褐飞虱4龄若虫,以不添加杀虫蛋白的人工饲料饲喂的褐飞虱4龄若虫为对照。饲喂方法、饲养条件和饲料更换同1.2.1,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20头试虫。分别于取食1 d和2 d后收集褐飞虱,于液氮中研磨成粉末。每个处理称取2.0 mg样品,在冰上加入400 µL样本提取液研磨成匀浆,8 000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液转移至新的离心管内,分别采用Cry1Ab/Ac和Cry1Ah酶联免疫定量检测试剂盒检测Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白的浓度。每个样品重复测3次。
2025年6月在中国水稻研究所农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州)测定转Cry基因水稻中Cry蛋白浓度。将转化体TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab融合基因)、转化体KF6(含CpTiCry1Ac基因)以及转化体ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah基因)水稻种子按1.2.4方法播种。待长至苗期、分蘖期和孕穗期时分别收取水稻茎秆,用液氮研磨成粉。每个品种每个生育期称取200 mg样品,在冰上加入1 000 µL样本提取液研磨成匀浆,8 000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液转移至新的离心管内,稀释500倍后作为ELISA测试样品。采用Cry1Ab/Ac和Cry1Ah酶联免疫定量检测试剂盒检测Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白的浓度,每个处理每个生育期3个重复,每个重复3株水稻。
1.2.7中取样测定3种水稻中Cry蛋白浓度时,另取苗期、分蘖期和孕穗期3种水稻植株接虫,每株接入10头褐飞虱2龄若虫,每盆共接入30头试虫(1个重复),每种水稻每个生育期重复3次。接虫15 d后收取活虫,立即放入研钵中加入液氮研磨。取食不同生育期水稻上的褐飞虱各称取2.0 mg样品,在冰上加入400 µL样本提取液研磨成匀浆,8 000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液转移至新的离心管内,采用Cry1Ab/Ac和Cry1Ah酶联免疫定量检测试剂盒检测Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1Ah蛋白的浓度,每个样品重复测3次。
利用DPS 9.01软件对数据进行统计分析,采用单因素方差分析,应用Duncan氏新复极差法进行差异显著性检验。
取食人工饲料7 d后,褐飞虱4龄若虫能正常生长发育,存活率达81.40%(表1);初羽化雌成虫体重为1.19 mg,7 d羽化率为44.40%。取食人工饲料7 d后,褐飞虱2龄和3龄若虫的存活率分别为52.40%和68.60%,显著低于4龄若虫的存活率(P<0.05,表1)。因此Cry蛋白活性检测中采用4龄若虫作为试验对象。
根据不同浓度胰蛋白酶抑制剂处理后褐飞虱4龄若虫的校正死亡率(表2)得到毒力回归方程。经计算胰蛋白酶抑制剂对褐飞虱4龄若虫的LC50为767.3 mg/L。
根据不同浓度三氟苯嘧啶处理后褐飞虱4龄若虫的校正死亡率(表3)得到毒力回归方程。经计算三氟苯嘧啶对褐飞虱4龄若虫的LC50为2.45×10-10 mg/L。
根据LC50选择三氟苯嘧啶作为阳性对照。1.0×10-6 mg/L三氟苯嘧啶处理5 d时试虫的死亡率达100.00%,因此选择此浓度用于Cry蛋白活性检测。
取食Cry1F、Cry1Ah、Cry1Ba和Cry2A四种蛋白5 d后,褐飞虱4龄若虫的存活率分别为0.3%、51.3%、64.7%和69.5%,均显著低于阴性对照(P<0.05),且取食Cry1Ba和Cry2A两种蛋白后存活率之间差异不显著;因此,选择Cry1F、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ba蛋白进行毒力试验。而取食Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1C蛋白5 d后,褐飞虱4龄若虫的存活率均大于80.0%,均与阴性对照无显著差异(图1-A)。虽然Cry1Ac蛋白和Cry1C蛋白对4龄若虫的存活率无显著影响,但取食至7 d时,羽化1 d内雌成虫体重较阴性对照均显著下降(P<0.05,图1-B)。
根据不同浓度Cry1F、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ba蛋白取食5 d后褐飞虱4龄若虫的校正死亡率(图2)得到毒力回归方程。经计算Cry1F、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ba蛋白对褐飞虱5 d的LC50分别为13.89、95.41和559.70 mg/L。
在KF6、TT51-1和ZLSAH10三种转Cry基因水稻上取食15 d后,褐飞虱的存活率均高于80.00%,与对照均无显著差异;雄成虫体重分别为1.112、1.213和1.084 mg,与对照亦无显著差异;雌成虫体重分别为4.864、4.314和5.345 mg,其中在TT51-1上取食的雌成虫体重显著低于对照(P<0.05),而在另外两种转基因水稻上取食的雌成虫体重与对照均无显著差异(表4)。
含100 mg/L Cry1Ac蛋白和100 mg/L Cry1Ah蛋白的人工饲料分别放置1 d和2 d后,其蛋白浓度较初始浓度均未发生明显变化(图 3),因此,在取食含Cry蛋白人工饲料试验中,理论上可将饲料更换时间设置为1 d或2 d。但在实际取食过程中由于褐飞虱取食及其分泌的蜜露易导致饲料污染变质,故仍采取每天更换饲料。
取食正常人工饲料(对照)后,褐飞虱体内未检测到Cry蛋白。取食含100 mg/L Cry1Ac蛋白的饲料1 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry1Ac蛋白浓度为9.91 ng/g;取食2 d后褐飞虱体内Cry1Ac蛋白浓度显著上升至65.28 ng/g(P<0.05,表5)。取食含500 mg/L Cry1Ac蛋白的人工饲料1 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry1Ac蛋白浓度达167.87 ng/g,显著高于100 mg/L浓度处理组(P<0.05);取食2 d后褐飞虱体内Cry1Ac蛋白浓度显著下降至94.12 ng/g(P<0.05),但仍显著高于100 mg/L浓度处理组(P<0.05,表5)。表明褐飞虱体内蛋白浓度随取食时间和饲喂浓度增加而显著增加。
取食含100 mg/L Cry1Ah蛋白的人工饲料1 d和2 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry1Ah蛋白浓度分别为18.59 ng/g和42.96 ng/g,两者之间差异不显著;取食含500 mg/L Cry1Ah蛋白的人工饲料1 d和2 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry1Ah蛋白浓度分别为184.67 ng/g和171.88 ng/g,两者之间差异不显著,但均显著高于100 mg/L浓度处理组(P<0.05,表5)。表明取食添加Cry蛋白的人工饲料1 d后即可在褐飞虱体内检测到目标蛋白,其浓度与取食剂量和取食时间密切相关。
在苗期、分蘖期和孕穗期,转基因水稻TT51-1(含Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab融合基因)茎秆中Cry1Ac蛋白浓度分别为1.320、1.257和1.240 µg/g,三者之间差异不显著;ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah基因)茎秆中Cry1Ah蛋白浓度分别为0.826、0.626和0.716 µg/g,三者之间差异不显著;转基因水稻KF6(含Cry1AcCpTi基因)茎秆中Cry1Ac浓度分别为0.431、1.053和1.212 µg/g,三者之间差异显著(P<0.05),其中在孕穗期的浓度最高(表6)。
取食苗期、分蘖期和孕穗期的TT51-1转基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度分别为1.435、1.267和1.204 ng/g;取食苗期和孕穗期的KF6转基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度低于定量限,而取食分蘖期的KF6转基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度为0.721 ng/g;取食苗期的ZLSAH10转基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度低于定量限,而取食分蘖期和孕穗期的ZLSAH10转基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度分别为0.616 ng/g和1.651 ng/g(表6)。表明褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度的变化趋势与各生育期水稻内Cry蛋白浓度的变化趋势并不一致,但取食不同生育期的转基因水稻15 d后,褐飞虱体内均能检测到Cry蛋白,其体内蛋白浓度约为水稻茎秆中的0.1%。
当前应用最广的植物抗虫基因资源主要来源于苏云金芽胞杆菌的Cry蛋白,然而对半翅目害虫具有杀虫活性的Cry蛋白非常有限。例如,即使极高剂量的Cry2、Cry3A及Cry4D蛋白对马铃薯长管蚜Macrosiphum euphorbiae的毒力仍然很低(Walters et al.,1994Walters & English,1995);浓度高达125 500 mg/L的Cry3A、Cry4Aa及Cry11Aa也仅对豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum产生较低的毒性(Porcar et al.,2009)。本研究利用人工饲料饲喂法筛选出Cry2A、Cry1Ah、Cry1F和Cry1Ba四个蛋白对褐飞虱有杀虫活性,其中Cry1F对褐飞虱的LC50为13.89 mg/L,与经改造的Cry1Ab-2S蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50(18.75 mg/L)接近(Shao et al.,2013)。已有研究利用人工饲料饲喂法筛选出多个对稻飞虱有杀虫作用的Cry蛋白。例如,Cry30Fa1蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50为96.58 mg/L(王海鹏等,2016);Cry64Ba/Cry64Ca复合蛋白对半翅目灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera的LC50分别为3.15 mg/L和2.14 mg/L(Liu et al.,2018);Cry78Aa蛋白对灰飞虱和褐飞虱的LC50分别为6.89 mg/L和15.78 mg/L(Wang et al.,2018);Cry78Ba1蛋白对灰飞虱的LC50为9.72 mg/L(Cao et al.,2020);但这些蛋白很少能成功应用到抗飞虱水稻育种中。为探索其原因,本研究通过测定转基因水稻以及取食转基因水稻后褐飞虱体内外源杀虫蛋白的浓度,分析褐飞虱能否通过韧皮部取食获取到足够的杀虫蛋白。
本研究发现取食不同浓度Cry蛋白后褐飞虱体内蛋白浓度随取食时间和取食浓度的增加而显著增加,与已有关于取食转Cry基因水稻的研究结果一致。例如,取食克螟稻1后,褐飞虱若虫体内Cry1Ab蛋白浓度较低,为11.67 ng/g(Tian et al.,2010),但连续饲养30代后,其体内Cry1Ab蛋白浓度升高至1.19 µg/g(高明清,2010);取食转基因水稻T2A-1后,褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白的积累量与水稻组织中蛋白浓度及取食代数呈正相关关系(张青玲等,2013Niu et al.,2017)。上述研究结果表明通过连续多代取食褐飞虱体内可逐渐累积杀虫蛋白,但该过程所需世代数过多,难以用于实践中改良转基因水稻的抗飞虱性。因此,提高转基因水稻中杀虫蛋白的浓度是增强其对褐飞虱抗性的有效途径。
要将Cry蛋白应用于抗褐飞虱育种,首先要保证褐飞虱短时间取食转基因水稻韧皮部汁液可以获得足量Cry。但目前转Cry基因水稻的韧皮部汁液中有没有Cry蛋白以及其具体浓度均不是很清楚。白耀宇等(2005)Tian et al.(2010)通过测定水稻吐液或伤流液间接证实转Cry基因水稻的韧皮部汁液中均含有Cry蛋白,其浓度是茎秆中浓度的千分之一到万分之一。例如,克螟稻1和克螟稻2吐液中Cry1Ab蛋白浓度分别为0.5 ng/mL和0.7 ng/mL(Ren et al.,2016),克螟稻1和克螟稻2伤流液中Cry1Ab蛋白浓度分别为14 ng/mL和620 ng/mL(高明清,2010)。本研究结果显示取食转Cry基因水稻15 d后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度与已有研究结果处于同一数量级。基于以上结果可知,转基因水稻韧皮部汁液中有Cry蛋白,但浓度很低。转基因水稻韧皮部汁液中所含的低浓度Cry蛋白能否对褐飞虱产生抗性,目前尚缺乏定量评价。Cry30Fa1蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50为96.58 mg/L(王海鹏等,2016);而陈书元(2015)刘哲铭(2019)测定田间转Cry30Fa1基因水稻株系对褐飞虱有中抗及以上抗性水平,此研究测定的是水稻体内Cry30Fa1基因的相对表达量,未测定水稻和褐飞虱体内的实际浓度,因此无法明确抗性与Cry30Fa1蛋白剂量之间的相关性。本研究结果显示,虽然Cry1Ah蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50为95.41 mg/L,与Cry30Fa1对褐飞虱的LC50接近,但转基因水稻ZLSAH10(含Cry1Ah)并未表现出抗虫性,其茎秆中Cry1Ah蛋白浓度为0.553~1.036 µg/g,远低于Cry1Ah蛋白对褐飞虱的LC50。相比之下,转Cry基因水稻对二化螟表现为显著抗性,除了目标蛋白对二化螟有杀虫作用外,取食部位(茎秆)中Cry蛋白的浓度接近Cry蛋白对二化螟的LC50周睿琦等,2014)。众所周知,蛋白浓度的高低与编码该蛋白表达的基因的启动子密切相关,目前转基因水稻常用的启动子有源于花椰菜病毒(cauliflower mosaic virus,CaMV)的CaMV35s、水稻的肌动蛋白、玉米的泛素和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC)等。这些启动子均为组成型表达的启动子,它们在转基因植物韧皮部中驱动表达的能力很弱(Romeis & Meissle,2011),而使用韧皮部特异性强启动子可有效提高外源蛋白在该部位的积累。Shi et al.(1994)研究表明水稻蔗糖合酶(rice sucrose synthase,RSS)启动子RSS1具有韧皮部特异表达特性,利用RSS1驱动lectin1在水稻韧皮部中表达可提高其对褐飞虱的毒力(Yoshimura et al.,2012)。
此外,本研究还发现取食不同生育期的KF6后褐飞虱体内蛋白的浓度与不同生育期茎秆内蛋白浓度不一致,即孕穗期茎秆中Cry蛋白浓度显著高于分蘖期茎秆中浓度,而取食孕穗期KF6后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度低于定量限,反而取食分蘖期KF6后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度为0.721 ng/g,究其原因可能是,褐飞虱偏好取食分蘖期的KF6,从而导致取食量差异。本研究虽筛选获得了对褐飞虱有明显杀虫活性的蛋白Cry1F,但未对其进行水稻转化与验证。后续研究可利用韧皮部特异性强的启动子构建转Cry1F基因水稻,系统评估转Cry1F基因水稻的抗性水平,并确定转Cry1F基因水稻中Cry浓度与取食该水稻后褐飞虱体内Cry蛋白浓度之间的定量关系,深入了解其杀虫机理,从而为利用Cry蛋白进行水稻抗褐飞虱育种提供依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400700)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32272538)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025132
  • 接收时间:2025-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-22
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国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400700)
国家自然科学基金项目(32272538)
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    中国水稻研究所,农业农村部植物生态环境安全检验测试中心(杭州),杭州 311401

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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