Article(id=1266470663100457466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025130, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757952000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879735969, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879735969, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879735969, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879735969, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782266106964, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=409, endPage=418, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470663616356860, articleId=1266470663100457466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Sensitivity analysis and field validation of triadimefon against wheat leaf rust races in Hebei Province, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the sensitivity of different physiological races of Puccinia triticina (Pt) in Hebei Province to triadimefon, samples of wheat infected with Pt were collected from nine regions in Hebei Province from 2023 to 2024. Single-spore isolation was employed to isolate Pt strains, test hosts were used to identify the physiological races, and the spore germination inhibition method was adopted to determine the sensitivity of physiological races to triadimefon. The resistance differences of physiological races to triadimefon across different regions in Hebei Province were compared, their sensitivity to this fungicide was monitored, and the cross-resistance of different triazole fungicides was investigated, followed by field validation. The results showed that a total of 193 Pt strains were isolated, and 12 physiological races were identified, with THTT and PHTT being the prevalent races. The EC50 of triadimefon against the tested strains ranged from 5.09 to 51.04 μg/mL, and the sensitivity baseline was established as 8.07 μg/mL. Sensitive strains accounted for 97.41% of the total, with only five resistant strains detected, primarily from Handan City and Shijiazhuang City, which should be designated as key areas for fungicide resistance monitoring. No significant cross-resistance was observed between triadimefon and other fungicides sharing the same mechanism of action, including tebuconazole and hexaconazole. Field efficacy trials were conducted to test six commonly used fungicides, demonstrating that 25% pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate exhibited the best control effect with a long duration, making it the preferred fungicide for control. In contrast, 44% triadimefon suspension concentrate exhibited the poorest control efficacy and is recommended for cautious use.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yuqing Jin, Maoxing Song, Haoyu Wang, Yuanxia Liu, Shuxin Yin, Chengyi Yan, Zhihui Wu, Haiyan Wang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1266470665545736706, articleId=1266470663100457466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=CN, title=河北省小麦叶锈菌不同生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性分析与田间验证, columnId=1266470561837367405, journalTitle=植物保护学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明确河北省小麦叶锈菌Puccinia triticina不同生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性,于2023—2024年从河北省9个地区采集感叶锈病的小麦样品,采用单孢分离法进行叶锈菌分离,利用鉴别寄主进行生理小种的鉴定,采用孢子萌发抑制法测定生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性,对比分析分离自河北省不同地区的生理小种对三唑酮的抗性差异以及对三唑类药剂的交互抗性,并选用6种常用杀菌剂进行田间防治效果验证。结果表明:共分离获得193株小麦叶锈菌菌株,鉴定到12个生理小种,其中THTT和PHTT为主要流行小种。三唑酮对供试菌株的EC50介于5.09~51.04 μg/mL之间,确定其敏感基线为8.07 μg/mL,敏感菌株占比为97.41%,仅发现5株抗性菌株,主要来自邯郸市与石家庄市,应列为抗药性重点关注区域。未发现小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮与相同机制的戊唑醇、己唑醇存在显著交互抗性。田间防治效果验证试验结果表明25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂防治效果最佳且持效期长,可作为防治河北省小麦叶锈病的首要选择;44%三唑酮悬浮剂防治效果最差,建议谨慎使用。

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Journal of Plant Protection, 49(4): 1263-1268 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746716347842741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=4, pageStart=1263, pageEnd=1268, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=48, authorNames=姚锦爱, 赖宝春, 黄鹏, 侯翔宇, 余德亿, journalName=植物保护学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚锦爱, 赖宝春, 黄鹏, 侯翔宇, 余德亿. 2022. 福建省草莓炭疽病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及与其他药剂的交互抗性. 植物保护学报, 49(4): 1263-1268, articleTitle=福建省草莓炭疽病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及与其他药剂的交互抗性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746716469477558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=96, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=49, authorNames=Ye T, Wang ZW, Niu FS, Wang WQ, Han XY, Zhang XF, Ma ZQ, journalName=Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye T, Wang ZW, Niu FS, Wang WQ, Han XY, Zhang XF, Ma ZQ. 2012. The sensitive baseline of Fusarium graminearum to tebuconazole and cross resistance against diverse fungicides. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 35(3): 96-99 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746716561752247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=96, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=50, authorNames=叶滔, 王志伟, 牛芳胜, 王文桥, 韩秀英, 张小风, 马志强, journalName=河北农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶滔, 王志伟, 牛芳胜, 王文桥, 韩秀英, 张小风, 马志强. 2012. 禾谷镰孢菌对戊唑醇敏感基线的建立和不同杀菌剂的交互抗性. 河北农业大学学报, 35(3): 96-99, articleTitle=禾谷镰孢菌对戊唑醇敏感基线的建立和不同杀菌剂的交互抗性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746716666609848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=106, issue=6, pageStart=1690, pageEnd=1699, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=51, authorNames=Zhan GM, Ji F, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhou AH, Xia MH, Zhang JT, Huang LL, Guo J, Kang ZS, journalName=Plant Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhan GM, Ji F, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhou AH, Xia MH, Zhang JT, Huang LL, Guo J, Kang ZS. 2022. Sensitivity and resistance risk assessment of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici to triadimefon in China. Plant Disease, 106(6): 1690-1699, articleTitle=Sensitivity and resistance risk assessment of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici to triadimefon in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746716821799097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=104, issue=2, pageStart=455, pageEnd=464, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=52, authorNames=Zhang L, Shi CC, Li LR, Li M, Meng QF, Yan HF, Liu DQ, journalName=Plant Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang L, Shi CC, Li LR, Li M, Meng QF, Yan HF, Liu DQ. 2020. Race and virulence analysis of Puccinia triticina in China in 2014 and 2015. Plant Disease, 104(2): 455-464, articleTitle=Race and virulence analysis of Puccinia triticina in China in 2014 and 2015, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746716951822522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=9, pageStart=77, pageEnd=81, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=53, authorNames=Zhang MY, Meng QF, Zhang L, Gao Y, Yan HF, Liu DQ, journalName=Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang MY, Meng QF, Zhang L, Gao Y, Yan HF, Liu DQ. 2018. Analysis of genetic diversity of Puccinia triticina isolated from different wheat cultivars. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 47(9): 77-81 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746717274783931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=9, pageStart=77, pageEnd=81, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=54, authorNames=张梦雅, 孟庆芳, 张林, 高颖, 闫红飞, 刘大群, journalName=河南农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张梦雅, 孟庆芳, 张林, 高颖, 闫红飞, 刘大群. 2018. 不同小麦品种叶锈菌的遗传多样性分析. 河南农业科学, 47(9): 77-81, articleTitle=不同小麦品种叶锈菌的遗传多样性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746717375447228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=55, authorNames=Zhou AH, journalName=Genetic structure and triadimefon sensitivity analysis of wheat stripe rust population. Master thesis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou AH. 2024. Genetic structure and triadimefon sensitivity analysis of wheat stripe rust population. Master thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746717706797246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=56, authorNames=周爱红, journalName=小麦条锈菌群体遗传结构及其对三唑酮敏感性分析. 硕士学位论文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周爱红. 2024. 小麦条锈菌群体遗传结构及其对三唑酮敏感性分析. 硕士学位论文. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746717824237759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=52, issue=2, pageStart=15, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=57, authorNames=Zhou XL, Han AH, Jiao Y, Fu RQ, Liu RQ, Zhou F, journalName=Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology (Natural Sciences Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou XL, Han AH, Jiao Y, Fu RQ, Liu RQ, Zhou F. 2024. 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Identification results of Puccinia triticina physiological races in Hebei Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

小种

类型

Race type

保定市

Baoding

City

石家庄市

Shijiazhuang

City

唐山市

Tangshan

City

邢台市

Xingtai

City

邯郸市

Handan

City

衡水市

Hengshui

City

廊坊市

LangfangCity

张家口市

ZhangjiakouCity

沧州市

Cangzhou

City

总计

Total

QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%
THTT733.341935.1900.00633.32523.81525.00430.77225.00213.335025.91
PHTT419.051018.521252.17527.78733.33840.0000.0000.00213.334824.87
PHFS419.05712.96730.43316.6700.00210.0017.6900.0000.002412.44
THTS29.5259.2600.0000.00419.0500.0000.00225.00426.68178.81
PHJT29.52611.11313.0415.5600.0000.00215.3800.0000.00147.25
PHDF00.0059.2600.0000.0029.5200.0000.0000.00213.3394.66
THKT00.0000.0000.0000.0000.00525.0000.00225.0000.0073.63
FHTT29.5200.0000.0000.00314.2900.0017.6900.00213.3384.15
PHJS00.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00323.08112.5000.0042.07
FKKT00.0000.0014.3500.0000.0000.0000.00112.5000.0021.04
PHKT00.0000.0000.00316.6700.0000.00215.3900.0000.0052.59
THJT00.0023.7000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00320.0052.59

总计

Total

21542318212013815193
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711427924090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

河北省小麦叶锈菌生理小种鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

小种

类型

Race type

保定市

Baoding

City

石家庄市

Shijiazhuang

City

唐山市

Tangshan

City

邢台市

Xingtai

City

邯郸市

Handan

City

衡水市

Hengshui

City

廊坊市

LangfangCity

张家口市

ZhangjiakouCity

沧州市

Cangzhou

City

总计

Total

QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%QF/%
THTT733.341935.1900.00633.32523.81525.00430.77225.00213.335025.91
PHTT419.051018.521252.17527.78733.33840.0000.0000.00213.334824.87
PHFS419.05712.96730.43316.6700.00210.0017.6900.0000.002412.44
THTS29.5259.2600.0000.00419.0500.0000.00225.00426.68178.81
PHJT29.52611.11313.0415.5600.0000.00215.3800.0000.00147.25
PHDF00.0059.2600.0000.0029.5200.0000.0000.00213.3394.66
THKT00.0000.0000.0000.0000.00525.0000.00225.0000.0073.63
FHTT29.5200.0000.0000.00314.2900.0017.6900.00213.3384.15
PHJS00.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00323.08112.5000.0042.07
FKKT00.0000.0014.3500.0000.0000.0000.00112.5000.0021.04
PHKT00.0000.0000.00316.6700.0000.00215.3900.0000.0052.59
THJT00.0023.7000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00320.0052.59

总计

Total

21542318212013815193
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711499227259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensitivity of different physiological races of Puccinia triticina to triadimefon

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

生理小种

Physiological race

菌株数量

No. of strains

敏感菌株数

No. of sensitivity strains

低抗菌株数

No. of

low-resistant strains

EC50范围

EC50 range/

(μg/mL)

平均EC50

Average EC50/

(μg/mL)

差异倍数

Fold

change

抗性菌株占比

Frequency of resistant strains/%

THTT5045511.29-51.0422.15 a4.5210.00
PHTT4848-6.57-23.4212.43 bc3.560.00
PHFS2424-5.09-10.087.08 c1.980.00
THTS1717-5.67-29.4216.24 ab5.190.00
PHJT1414-5.99-10.848.15 bc1.810.00
PHDF99-7.98-10.899.19 bc1.360.00
THKT77-9.98-13.0511.53 bc1.310.00
FHTT88-7.99-13.2710.76 bc1.660.00
PHJS44-8.57-13.2511.60 bc1.550.00
FKKT22-7.29-9.808.55 bc1.340.00
PHKT55-7.05-11.239.41 bc1.590.00
THJT55-5.42-11.568.37 bc2.130.00
合计Total1931885
占比Percentage/%97.412.59
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711562141820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同小麦叶锈菌生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

生理小种

Physiological race

菌株数量

No. of strains

敏感菌株数

No. of sensitivity strains

低抗菌株数

No. of

low-resistant strains

EC50范围

EC50 range/

(μg/mL)

平均EC50

Average EC50/

(μg/mL)

差异倍数

Fold

change

抗性菌株占比

Frequency of resistant strains/%

THTT5045511.29-51.0422.15 a4.5210.00
PHTT4848-6.57-23.4212.43 bc3.560.00
PHFS2424-5.09-10.087.08 c1.980.00
THTS1717-5.67-29.4216.24 ab5.190.00
PHJT1414-5.99-10.848.15 bc1.810.00
PHDF99-7.98-10.899.19 bc1.360.00
THKT77-9.98-13.0511.53 bc1.310.00
FHTT88-7.99-13.2710.76 bc1.660.00
PHJS44-8.57-13.2511.60 bc1.550.00
FKKT22-7.29-9.808.55 bc1.340.00
PHKT55-7.05-11.239.41 bc1.590.00
THJT55-5.42-11.568.37 bc2.130.00
合计Total1931885
占比Percentage/%97.412.59
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711625056381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensitivity of Puccinia triticina to triadimefon in different regions of Hebei Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

地区

District

菌株数量

Number of strains

EC50范围

EC50 range/

(μg/mL)

差异倍数

Fold

change

平均EC50

Average

EC50/(μg/mL)

抗性菌株占比

Frequency of resistant

strains/%

保定市Baoding City217.42-14.651.9714.03 abc0.00
石家庄市Shijiazhuang City545.99-44.647.4517.69 a5.56
唐山市Tangshan City235.15-22.474.3610.78 bc0.00
邢台市Xingtai City185.09-20.514.0311.04 bc0.00
邯郸市Handan City216.57-51.047.7717.05 ab9.52
衡水市Hengshui City206.66-21.633.2511.20 bc0.00
廊坊市Langfang City137.12-20.372.8611.69 bc0.00
张家口市Zhangjiakou City85.67-17.663.1111.36 bc0.00
沧州市Cangzhou City155.42-20.013.699.68 c0.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711700553854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

河北省不同地区小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的敏感性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

地区

District

菌株数量

Number of strains

EC50范围

EC50 range/

(μg/mL)

差异倍数

Fold

change

平均EC50

Average

EC50/(μg/mL)

抗性菌株占比

Frequency of resistant

strains/%

保定市Baoding City217.42-14.651.9714.03 abc0.00
石家庄市Shijiazhuang City545.99-44.647.4517.69 a5.56
唐山市Tangshan City235.15-22.474.3610.78 bc0.00
邢台市Xingtai City185.09-20.514.0311.04 bc0.00
邯郸市Handan City216.57-51.047.7717.05 ab9.52
衡水市Hengshui City206.66-21.633.2511.20 bc0.00
廊坊市Langfang City137.12-20.372.8611.69 bc0.00
张家口市Zhangjiakou City85.67-17.663.1111.36 bc0.00
沧州市Cangzhou City155.42-20.013.699.68 c0.00
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711780245631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mean EC50 of triadimefon to major Puccinia triticina physiological races from different regions of Hebei Province μg/mL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

地区

District

平均EC50 Mean EC50
THTTPHTTPHFSTHTSPHJT
保定市Baoding City18.9816.818.2611.138.70
石家庄市Shijiazhuang City28.0913.307.0925.288.03
唐山市Tangshan City-14.276.21-8.62
邢台市Xingtai City15.858.777.99-6.15
邯郸市Handan City27.5013.44-18.30-
衡水市Hengshui City16.5013.447.22--
廊坊市Langfang City17.17-5.55-8.29
张家口市Zhangjiakou City16.07--6.30-
沧州市Cangzhou City12.538.59-10.40-
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711847354496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三唑酮对河北省不同地区小麦叶锈菌主要生理小种的平均EC50

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

地区

District

平均EC50 Mean EC50
THTTPHTTPHFSTHTSPHJT
保定市Baoding City18.9816.818.2611.138.70
石家庄市Shijiazhuang City28.0913.307.0925.288.03
唐山市Tangshan City-14.276.21-8.62
邢台市Xingtai City15.858.777.99-6.15
邯郸市Handan City27.5013.44-18.30-
衡水市Hengshui City16.5013.447.22--
廊坊市Langfang City17.17-5.55-8.29
张家口市Zhangjiakou City16.07--6.30-
沧州市Cangzhou City12.538.59-10.40-
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711906074753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Field control efficacy of six common fungicides against Puccinia triticina in Hebei Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

药剂

Fungicide

每667 m2有效

成分用量

Active ingredient dosage per 667 m2/g

防治前

病情指数

Disease index

before treatment

施药后7 d

7 days after treatment

施药后14 d

14 days after treatment

病情指数

Disease

index

防治效果

Control

effect/%

病情指数

Disease

index

防治效果

Control

effect/%

24%噻呋酰胺SC

24% thifluzamide SC

9.61.71±0.377.67±1.0285.71±1.15 b22.07±2.3577.84±2.04 b

25%吡唑醚菌酯SC

25% pyraclostrobin SC

10.01.60±0.024.68±0.5090.78±1.23 a12.30±0.8287.04±0.97 a

5%己唑醇EC

5% hexaconazole EC

2.01.66±0.359.85±0.6280.79±4.00 c21.33±3.6778.18±2.06 b

50%甲基硫菌灵SC

50% thiophanate-methyl SC

20.01.63±0.3011.41±1.2677.86±1.69 cd28.84±0.3569.56±3.57 c

43%戊唑醇SC

43% tebuconazole SC

17.21.93±0.3314.45±1.2476.12±1.95 d31.19±0.5272.20±4.35 c

44%三唑酮SC

44% triadimefon SC

17.61.64±0.2529.30±1.9643.27±3.39 e60.99±3.8436.70±3.60 d
清水对照Water control1.62±0.1451.42±2.4895.93±1.85
), ArticleFig(id=1266746711973183618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470663100457466, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

常用6种杀菌剂对河北省小麦叶锈病的田间防治效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

药剂

Fungicide

每667 m2有效

成分用量

Active ingredient dosage per 667 m2/g

防治前

病情指数

Disease index

before treatment

施药后7 d

7 days after treatment

施药后14 d

14 days after treatment

病情指数

Disease

index

防治效果

Control

effect/%

病情指数

Disease

index

防治效果

Control

effect/%

24%噻呋酰胺SC

24% thifluzamide SC

9.61.71±0.377.67±1.0285.71±1.15 b22.07±2.3577.84±2.04 b

25%吡唑醚菌酯SC

25% pyraclostrobin SC

10.01.60±0.024.68±0.5090.78±1.23 a12.30±0.8287.04±0.97 a

5%己唑醇EC

5% hexaconazole EC

2.01.66±0.359.85±0.6280.79±4.00 c21.33±3.6778.18±2.06 b

50%甲基硫菌灵SC

50% thiophanate-methyl SC

20.01.63±0.3011.41±1.2677.86±1.69 cd28.84±0.3569.56±3.57 c

43%戊唑醇SC

43% tebuconazole SC

17.21.93±0.3314.45±1.2476.12±1.95 d31.19±0.5272.20±4.35 c

44%三唑酮SC

44% triadimefon SC

17.61.64±0.2529.30±1.9643.27±3.39 e60.99±3.8436.70±3.60 d
清水对照Water control1.62±0.1451.42±2.4895.93±1.85
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河北省小麦叶锈菌不同生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性分析与田间验证
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靳雨晴 1 , 宋茂兴 2 , 王浩宇 1 , 刘园霞 1 , 殷姝新 1 , 闫成燚 1 , 吴志会 2 , 王海燕 1
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 409-418
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植物保护学报 |研究论文 2026 , 53 (2) : 409 -418
河北省小麦叶锈菌不同生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性分析与田间验证
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靳雨晴1, 宋茂兴2, 王浩宇1, 刘园霞1, 殷姝新1, 闫成燚1, 吴志会2 , 王海燕1
作者信息
  • 1.河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北省农作物病虫害生物防治技术创新中心,保定 071000
  • 2.河北省唐山市农业科学研究院,唐山 063001
通讯作者:
Sensitivity analysis and field validation of triadimefon against wheat leaf rust races in Hebei Province
Yuqing Jin1, Maoxing Song2, Haoyu Wang1, Yuanxia Liu1, Shuxin Yin1, Chengyi Yan1, Zhihui Wu2 , Haiyan Wang1
Affiliations
  • 1.Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
  • 2.Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tangshan 063001, Hebei Province, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025130
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为明确河北省小麦叶锈菌Puccinia triticina不同生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性,于2023—2024年从河北省9个地区采集感叶锈病的小麦样品,采用单孢分离法进行叶锈菌分离,利用鉴别寄主进行生理小种的鉴定,采用孢子萌发抑制法测定生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性,对比分析分离自河北省不同地区的生理小种对三唑酮的抗性差异以及对三唑类药剂的交互抗性,并选用6种常用杀菌剂进行田间防治效果验证。结果表明:共分离获得193株小麦叶锈菌菌株,鉴定到12个生理小种,其中THTT和PHTT为主要流行小种。三唑酮对供试菌株的EC50介于5.09~51.04 μg/mL之间,确定其敏感基线为8.07 μg/mL,敏感菌株占比为97.41%,仅发现5株抗性菌株,主要来自邯郸市与石家庄市,应列为抗药性重点关注区域。未发现小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮与相同机制的戊唑醇、己唑醇存在显著交互抗性。田间防治效果验证试验结果表明25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂防治效果最佳且持效期长,可作为防治河北省小麦叶锈病的首要选择;44%三唑酮悬浮剂防治效果最差,建议谨慎使用。

小麦叶锈菌  /  三唑酮  /  敏感性监测  /  抗药性  /  田间防治效果

To clarify the sensitivity of different physiological races of Puccinia triticina (Pt) in Hebei Province to triadimefon, samples of wheat infected with Pt were collected from nine regions in Hebei Province from 2023 to 2024. Single-spore isolation was employed to isolate Pt strains, test hosts were used to identify the physiological races, and the spore germination inhibition method was adopted to determine the sensitivity of physiological races to triadimefon. The resistance differences of physiological races to triadimefon across different regions in Hebei Province were compared, their sensitivity to this fungicide was monitored, and the cross-resistance of different triazole fungicides was investigated, followed by field validation. The results showed that a total of 193 Pt strains were isolated, and 12 physiological races were identified, with THTT and PHTT being the prevalent races. The EC50 of triadimefon against the tested strains ranged from 5.09 to 51.04 μg/mL, and the sensitivity baseline was established as 8.07 μg/mL. Sensitive strains accounted for 97.41% of the total, with only five resistant strains detected, primarily from Handan City and Shijiazhuang City, which should be designated as key areas for fungicide resistance monitoring. No significant cross-resistance was observed between triadimefon and other fungicides sharing the same mechanism of action, including tebuconazole and hexaconazole. Field efficacy trials were conducted to test six commonly used fungicides, demonstrating that 25% pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate exhibited the best control effect with a long duration, making it the preferred fungicide for control. In contrast, 44% triadimefon suspension concentrate exhibited the poorest control efficacy and is recommended for cautious use.

wheat leaf rust  /  triadimefon  /  sensitivity monitoring  /  fungicide resistance  /  field control efficacy
靳雨晴, 宋茂兴, 王浩宇, 刘园霞, 殷姝新, 闫成燚, 吴志会, 王海燕. 河北省小麦叶锈菌不同生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性分析与田间验证. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 409 -418 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025130
Yuqing Jin, Maoxing Song, Haoyu Wang, Yuanxia Liu, Shuxin Yin, Chengyi Yan, Zhihui Wu, Haiyan Wang. Sensitivity analysis and field validation of triadimefon against wheat leaf rust races in Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 409 -418 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025130
小麦叶锈病是由叶锈菌Puccinia triticina侵染小麦叶部引起的世界性真菌病害,是一种远距离传播、大区域流行性病害,具有分布广泛、传播快、危害大等特点,导致小麦穗粒数减少,粒质量降低,发病严重时会使小麦减产50%以上(张梦雅等,2018)。监测小麦叶锈菌生理小种结构变化对该病害的有效防治十分重要(李泓甫等,2023)。2008年,万菁婧(2010)鉴定出河北省小麦叶锈菌的优势生理小种为PHTT、THTT和THJT;2012年,肖宇(2014)对河北省154株小麦叶锈菌菌株进行分析,共鉴别出52个生理小种,其中优势生理小种为THTS、THSS、PHTT、THTT和PHTS;2013年,安亚娟(2015)在全国范围的监测中发现河北省存在20个小麦叶锈菌生理小种,以PHTT、THTT、THTS和THSS为主;2020年,郝晓宇(2023)从全国803株小麦叶锈菌菌株中鉴定出河北省分布的19个生理小种,THTT和PHTT仍为当地优势小种。综上可知,PHTT和THTT为河北省小麦叶锈菌的优势生理小种,因此监测流行小种的分布与毒性变异情况,对小麦叶锈病田间防治及指导抗病品种的合理种植具有重要意义。
目前,化学防治仍是控制小麦叶锈病大流行的主要手段(倪仁忠等,2020)。三唑酮作为防治叶锈病的主要杀菌剂,自20世纪80年代起成为中国防治小麦叶锈病的主流选择(王凤乐等,1996),已被长期、大面积、单一使用超过40年,为抗药菌株的出现持续提供选择压力,使得小麦叶锈病的化学防控面临严峻的风险与挑战。三唑类药剂如三唑酮、戊唑醇具有高效性和内吸传导特性,但长期单一用药极易导致病原菌产生抗药性。Wu et al.(2020)从中国4个省采集的89株小麦秆锈菌Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici菌株中鉴定出有29株对三唑酮产生了抗性;Zhan et al.(2022)监测发现来自全国的446株小麦条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici菌株中有6.79%的菌株对三唑酮产生了不同程度的抗性;刘昕运等(2025)监测发现来自新疆维吾尔自治区的150株小麦条锈菌菌株中对三唑酮具有抗性的菌株占比为17.33%,综合评估显示条锈菌对三唑酮的抗性发展呈上升趋势;马梦洁(2025)检测发现来自河南省的219株小麦条锈菌菌株中对三唑酮产生抗性的菌株占比为3.653%;王苹等(2023)基于5个省份的90株小麦叶锈菌菌株确立了其对戊唑醇的敏感基线(11.291 3 mg/L),存在产生抗性风险;冯耀漩(2025)监测数据显示来自全国主要麦区的197株小麦叶锈菌菌株中有10.2%的菌株对三唑酮产生了不同程度的抗性。化学药剂的长期单一使用致使小麦锈病菌对三唑酮类杀菌剂的抗性持续上升,对中国小麦锈病防控构成严峻挑战。鉴于当前缺乏小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮敏感性的研究数据,开展系统性耐药监测显得尤为重要。
本研究从河北省9个地区采集感叶锈病小麦病样,分离纯化小麦叶锈菌并鉴定其生理小种类型,对比分析分离自不同地区的生理小种对三唑酮的抗性差异,监测河北省小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的敏感性;通过测定三唑酮抗性菌株对戊唑醇、己唑醇的敏感性,探究小麦叶锈菌对常用三唑类药剂之间的交互抗性;选用6种常用杀菌剂进行田间防治效果验证,以期为河北省小麦叶锈菌的抗药性检测及其所致病害的高效精准防控提供理论依据。
供试菌株:2023—2024年在河北省小麦主产区叶锈病发病地区采集感病样品,包括保定、石家庄、唐山、邢台、邯郸、衡水、廊坊、张家口和沧州这9个市,共获得193份感叶锈病小麦样品。
供试杀菌剂及试剂:98%三唑酮(triadimefon)原药、97%戊唑醇(tebuconazole)原药、98%己唑醇(hexaconazole)原药,湖北速普尔化工有限公司;24%噻呋酰胺(thifluzamide)悬浮剂(suspension concentrate,SC),湖南大方农化股份有限公司;25%吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)SC,上海沪联生物药业(夏邑)股份有限公司;5%己唑醇(hexaconazole)乳油(emulsifiable concentrate,EC),盐城利民农化有限公司;50%甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate‑methyl)SC,安徽广信农化股份有限公司;43%戊唑醇(tebuconazole)SC,拜耳作物科学(中国)有限公司;44%三唑酮(triadimefon)SC,江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司。本试验所用试剂均为国产分析纯。
供试小麦:小麦感病品种金禾9123为叶锈菌扩繁材料,济麦22号为田间试验种植品种,16个近等基因系品种分别为TcLr1、TcLr2a、TcLr2c、TcLr3、TcLr9、TcLr16、TcLr24、TcLr26、TcLr3ka、TcLr11、TcLr17、TcLr30、TcLrB、TcLr10、TcLr14a、TcLr18,种子均由河北农业大学小麦锈病研究室提供。将金禾9123种子播种在上口径10 cm、高8 cm 的花盆中,每盆定苗3~5株;在每个4×4育苗穴盘内依次播种16个近等基因系品种,每穴1个品种;均在温度(20±2) ℃、光照12~16 h/d条件下培养至1叶1心期供试。
参考郝晓宇(2023)方法对采集的193份小麦病样进行单孢分离。以感病品种金禾9123作为繁菌材料,采用涂抹法分别将从193份小麦病样上刮取下的孢子粉涂抹至1叶1心期小麦苗上,18~22 ℃黑暗保湿培养16~24 h。为获得纯化单孢子分离物,每盆接种的小麦苗上仅保留1个侵染点,罩上灭菌玻璃隔离罩,待单孢子成熟后再次接种至新的1叶1心期金禾9123幼苗上进行纯化培养,12~14 d后收集单孢分离物的夏孢子粉。取种植有1叶1心期的16个近等基因系小麦品种的穴盘,采用扫苗法分别接种193株菌株的夏孢子粉,1个穴盘接种1株菌株,每株菌株接种2个穴盘。根据Roelfs & Bushnell(1985)的鉴别标准,在接种12~14 d后确定并记录致病类型。依据苗期致病型鉴定结果,参照Loegering et al.(1971)提出的密码命名体系,命名叶锈菌生理小种。
采用孢子萌发抑制法测定小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的敏感性。用二甲基亚砜将三唑酮原药进行溶解,配制成0.81、2.43、7.29、21.87、65.61、196.83、590.49 μg/mL系列浓度的药液,分析与2%水琼脂培养基混合作为含药培养基。分别取193株菌株的夏孢子粉0.02 g,接种至含不同浓度三唑酮的2%水琼脂培养基上,以接种至不加药2%水琼脂培养基为空白对照。每个处理3次重复,每个重复1皿。25 ℃培养12 h观察并统计各处理的孢子萌发情况,计算孢子萌发抑制率。孢子萌发抑制率=(对照孢子萌发率-药剂处理孢子萌发率)/对照孢子萌发率×100%。按照沈文杰等(2025)方法,以三唑酮浓度对数为横坐标、孢子萌发抑制率为纵坐标,利用SPSS 21.0软件计算三唑酮对各菌株的抑制中浓度EC50,建立小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的敏感基线,据此划分菌株抗性并计算不同地区小麦条锈菌对三唑酮的抗性频率。抗性频率=抗性菌株数量/总测定菌株数量×100%。同时,参考毕秋艳等(2017)方法,采用抗性指数(resistance index,RI)评估小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的抗性水平,RI=三唑酮对测试菌株的EC50/三唑酮对敏感菌株的平均EC50RI<5为敏感菌株,5≤RI<10为低抗菌株,10≤RI<40为中抗菌株,RI≥40为高抗菌株。
将97%戊唑醇原药配制成浓度分别为0.03、0.09、0.27、0.81、2.43、7.29、21.87 μg/mL的含药2%水琼脂培养基;将98%己唑醇原药配制成浓度分别为0.05、0.15、0.45、1.35、4.05、12.50、37.50 μg/mL的含药2%水琼脂培养基。选择1.2.2鉴定到的对三唑酮表现抗性的5株菌株进行交互抗性试验,测定方法同1.2.2。以三唑酮对小麦叶锈菌的EC50对数值为横坐标、戊唑醇和己唑醇对小麦叶锈菌的EC50对数值分别为纵坐标做散点图,通过SPSS 21.0软件进行相关性分析(姚锦爱等,2022),分别计算戊唑醇和己唑醇与三唑酮的线性回归方程,并绘制相应散点图。
田间试验设在河北省保定市莲池区的两个试验点(115.42° E,38.81° N;115.45° E,38.83° N)和唐山市开平区的1个试验点(118.73° E,40.05° N)。这3个试验点地势平坦,水肥条件良好,土壤均为肥力均匀的壤土,pH介于7.2~7.3,前茬作物为玉米。采用机械化统一播种小麦品种济麦22号,播种量为375 kg/hm2,行距20 cm,栽培管理符合《农药田间药效试验准则》(GB/T 17980.23—2000)。将24%噻呋酰胺SC、25%吡唑醚菌酯SC、5%己唑醇EC、50%甲基硫菌灵SC、43%戊唑醇SC和44%三唑酮SC这6种常用化学药剂按照药剂施用说明,均稀释为1 000倍液(每667 m2有效成分用量分别为9.6、10.0、2.0、20.0、17.2、17.6 g)进行茎叶喷雾,以喷施清水为空白对照,喷施量均以叶片正反面均匀润湿、不滴水为宜。每个杀菌剂处理设3次重复,每个重复为1个小区,每个小区长5 m、宽3 m,田间试验采用随机区组设计。于小麦拔节期(叶锈病发病初期)统一施药1次,试验期间未使用其他杀菌剂。分别于施药后7 d和14 d进行调查,每个小区按五点取样法调查50株小麦,每株检查顶端2片叶,根据病斑面积占比进行病情分级:0级,无病斑;1级,病斑面积占整个叶片面积的5%以下;3级,病斑面积占整个叶片面积的6%~25%;5级,病斑面积占整个叶片面积的26%~50%;7级,病斑面积占整个叶片面积的51%~75%;9级,病斑面积占整个叶片面积的76%以上,记录病叶数并计算病情指数与防治效果。病情指数=各级病叶×相应级数调查总叶×9×100;防治效果=1-CK0×PT1CK1×PT0×100%,式中,CK0为空白对照区施药前病情指数,CK1为空白对照区施药后病情指数;PT0为药剂处理区施药前病情指数,PT1为药剂处理区施药后病情指数。
采用Microsoft Excel 2021软件整理数据,通过SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行方差分析,以Duncan氏新复极差法进行差异显著性检验。
共分离获得193株小麦叶锈菌菌株,从中鉴别出12个生理小种,其中,THTT和PHTT的出现频率分别为25.91%和24.87%,为河北省小麦叶锈菌的优势生理小种;其次为PHFS、THTS、PHJT、PHDF、FHTT和THKT,出现频率分别为12.44%、8.81%、7.25%、4.66%、4.15%和3.63%;PHKT与THJT的出现频率均为2.59%;而PHJS和FKKT的出现频率较低,分别为2.07%和1.04%(表1)。
从地域分布来看,THTT小种在河北省8个地区中被检出,并在保定、石家庄、邢台、廊坊、张家口这5个市占据优势地位。PHTT小种则在唐山市、邯郸市和衡水市表现为主导小种。沧州市则以THTS为主要流行小种。值得注意的是,部分小种呈现出明显的地域局限性:THKT小种仅分布于衡水市和张家口市;PHJS小种特异性存在于廊坊市和张家口市;FKKT小种集中出现在唐山市和张家口市;而PHKT小种仅见于邢台市和廊坊市。这种小种分布的差异化格局,反映出河北省不同地区小麦叶锈菌群体具有明显的遗传多样性特征。
193株小麦叶锈菌菌株对三唑酮的敏感频率分布呈左侧单峰曲线,右侧存在明显拖尾,不符合正态分布,表明部分菌株已对三唑酮产生抗性(图1)。三唑酮对这193株菌株的EC50介于5.09~51.04 μg/mL之间,差异倍数达10.03倍。根据左侧正态分布峰计算得出平均EC50为8.07 μg/mL,该值被确定为河北省小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的敏感基线。
河北省193株小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮仍较敏感,敏感菌株占比达97.41%;共鉴定出5株低抗菌株,未发现中抗或高抗菌株(表2)。在不同生理小种中,PHFS小种对三唑酮的平均抗性水平最低,而THTT小种的平均抗性水平最高,三唑酮对这两个小种的EC50分别为7.08 μg/mL和22.15 μg/mL。三唑酮对各生理小种内部菌株的EC50也存在较大差异,其中THTS小种的变异幅度最大,最大与最小EC50相差5.19倍;THKT小种的变异幅度最小,最大与最小EC50相差1.31倍。抗性菌株仅出现在THTT小种中,占该小种菌株总数的10.00%,其余生理小种均为敏感群体(表2)。综上表明河北省小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮总体敏感,但已出现低抗菌株,且全部集中于抗性水平最高的THTT小种中。
对193株小麦叶锈菌株按地区划分后进行分析,发现分离自不同地区的小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的抗性存在显著差异(表3)。邯郸市分离菌株对三唑酮的敏感性差异最大,平均EC50为17.05 μg/mL,是敏感基线的2.11倍,为各地区最高;保定市分离菌株对三唑酮的抗性差异最小;而三唑酮对沧州市分离菌株的平均EC50最低(表3)。抗性菌株仅分布于石家庄市和邯郸市,分别有3株和2株,占所在地区分离菌株总数的5.56%和9.52%。
进一步分析了三唑酮对不同地区5个主要生理小种THTT、PHTT、PHFS、THTS和PHJT的平均EC50,发现廊坊市的THTT、PHFS、PHJT小种及沧州市的THTT、PHTT、THTS小种对三唑酮均表现敏感,三唑酮对其的EC50均低于对保定市相同小种的EC50;石家庄市与邯郸市鉴定的THTS小种对三唑酮的敏感性较高,而保定、沧州和张家口市鉴定的THTS小种则对三唑酮表现出相对较低的敏感性(表4)。综上所述,河北省小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的抗性呈现出地域差异和生理小种差异,邯郸市和石家庄市是抗性菌株出现的重点区域,应给予重视;且THTT和THTS生理小种对三唑酮的敏感性在不同地区波动较大,抗性治理需结合地区差异和小种分布制订差异化策略。
由相关性分析可知,三唑酮与戊唑醇的回归方程为y=42.470+7.848xP=0.653),F检验表明在0.05水平差异不显著;决定系数R2为0.076,小于0.8(图2-A),说明小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮与戊唑醇的敏感性之间无显著相关性。三唑酮与己唑醇的回归方程为y=53.211-1.740xP=0.546),F检验结果同样不显著;决定系数R2为0.133,亦小于0.8(图2-B),表明该菌对三唑酮与己唑醇的敏感性之间也不存在显著相关性。表明三唑酮与相同机制的两种杀菌剂戊唑醇和己唑醇不存在交互抗性。
施药后7 d与14 d,25%吡唑醚菌酯SC对小麦叶锈病的防治效果最高,分别为90.78%和87.04%;施药后7 d,24%噻呋酰胺SC的防治效果次之,为85.71%;其后依次为5%己唑醇EC、50%甲基硫菌灵SC及43%戊唑醇SC,防治效果分别为80.79%、77.86%和76.12%(表5)。而施药后14 d,5%己唑醇EC与24%噻呋酰胺SC的防治效果相当,分别为78.18%和77.84%,其后为43%戊唑醇SC和50%甲基硫菌灵SC,防治效果分别为72.20%和69.56%(表5)。44%三唑酮SC的防治效果最差,药后14 d仅为36.70%(表5)。综上表明,25%吡唑醚菌酯SC对小麦叶锈病的防治效果最佳且持效期稳定,而44%三唑酮SC效果最差,因此推荐使用吡唑醚菌酯,并谨慎使用三唑酮进行该病的田间防治。
小麦叶锈菌种群结构复杂,致病小种变异频繁,新优势小种的出现可导致品种抗性丧失(McCallum et al.,2025)。因此,持续监测小麦叶锈菌生理小种变化动态对品种选育与布局至关重要。近年来对小麦叶锈菌的抗药性监测结果显示,在2014年(肖宇,2014)、2015年(安亚娟,2015)、2020年(Zhang et al.,2020)、2022年(黄瑾等,2022)和2023年(郝晓宇,2023)的多项监测数据说明国内其优势小种组成及出现频率总体稳定,主要包括THTT和PHTT等生理小种,其中THTT小种出现频率明显上升,已超过长期占主导地位的PHTT小种。PHTT和THTT小种在我国持续占据重要地位,反映出小麦叶锈菌种群结构具有延续性(Zhang et al.,2020黄瑾等,2022)。本研究在河北省共鉴定出12个小麦叶锈菌生理小种,其中THTT和PHTT为优势小种,这一结果印证了该地区小麦叶锈菌种群结构相对稳定,明确了河北省当前优势小种的组成,对指导该地区小麦抗锈品种的合理利用、预防小麦叶锈病流行具有重要意义。同时,本研究建立了河北省小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的敏感基线,为该药剂的抗性监测与科学使用提供了依据。但是,不同生理小种的毒性特征及其对三唑酮的敏感性之间的关联机制尚未明确。THTT和PHTT作为河北省小麦叶锈菌优势小种,在本研究中其对三唑酮的敏感性较低,提示其毒性表型与耐药性之间可能存在潜在关联。尽管相关性分析未达显著水平,但低抗菌株全部出现在THTT小种中,进一步暗示该小种在进化中可能兼具较强的侵染能力和初步耐药潜势。后续将基于大样本统计分析和区域用药史数据来揭示毒性小种耐药性进化规律,结合基因组水平的CYP51突变分析或毒力基因表达谱,进一步明确毒性表型与敏感性表型之间的分子机制联系。
14-α脱甲基抑制剂(14α-demethylase inhibitor,DMI)是一类开发于20世纪70至80年代的化学杀菌剂,普遍具有杀菌谱广、活性高和持效期长等特点,其代表品种包括三唑酮、戊唑醇和己唑醇(纪凡,2024)。不同小麦锈菌对DMI类杀菌剂的抗性机制存在显著差异,其中抗性主要源于靶标基因CYP51的突变或表达上调。在小麦条锈菌中,CYP51基因第134位密码子Y134F的突变可显著降低病原菌对三唑酮的敏感性,且与病斑扩展速率呈负相关(Stammler et al.,2009)。大规模监测数据显示,中国和新西兰的小麦条锈菌群体中携带Y134F突变的比例较高,表明抗性相关等位基因已在田间群体中积累(Cook et al.,2021)。同样,在白粉病菌、灰霉病菌等多种病原菌中,也发现了与DMI抗性相关的特异性CYP51突变(Albertini et al.,2002Wyand & Brown, 2005)。然而对于小麦叶锈菌CYP51基因的突变及其与不同DMI类杀菌剂抗性的关联仍需进一步研究明确。小麦条锈菌对三唑酮的抗性形成可能与两个液泡铁转运蛋白基因有关(周晓丽等,2024),进一步体现了抗性机制的病原特异性。另外,不同病原菌对DMI类杀菌剂的抗性机制具有多样性。例如,在酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae中,耐药性可从依赖钙调磷酸酶向非依赖型转变,并演化出多种应对复合药剂的抗性机制(纪凡等,2021)。在交互抗性方面,以往多数研究认为三唑类杀菌剂与其他作用机制的药剂之间无交互抗性(叶滔等,2012Hill et al.,2013)。然而,近年来的研究在小麦条锈菌和秆锈菌中发现,三唑酮与戊唑醇、己唑醇等其他DMI类杀菌剂之间存在低至中等程度的交互抗性(Wu et al.,2020Zhan et al.,2022),提示同类药剂间的抗性风险可能被低估。本研究结果显示,河北省小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮与戊唑醇、己唑醇的敏感性之间无显著相关性,表明在上述药剂间未形成明显交互抗性。因此,在抗性水平较高地区可轮换使用这些杀菌剂,以延缓抗药性发展,延长三唑酮的使用寿命,并保障小麦叶锈病的有效防控。
小麦叶锈病的防治体系经过不断的室内试验及田间试验得以优化和丰富。近年来,多种杀菌剂对小麦叶锈病等病害展现出良好防治效果。孙海燕等(2021)提出氰烯·戊唑醇、氟唑菌酰羟胺·丙环唑等药剂交替使用可兼顾赤霉病和叶锈病的防治,并能延缓病原菌的抗药性发展;海飞等(2023)证实吡唑醚菌酯、氟环唑及其复配剂均能有效抑制叶锈病病斑扩展;万宝恒等(2024)测试发现40%咪铜·氟环唑SC对小麦叶锈病、赤霉病和条锈病均有较好的防治效果。防治小麦叶锈病的药剂种类繁杂,三唑类是目前使用最为广泛的杀菌剂(周爱红,2024)。本研究发现6种常用杀菌剂对小麦叶锈病表现出显著的药效差异,其中,甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的吡唑醚菌酯展现出优异的防治效果,而三唑类杀菌剂中三唑酮的防治效果相对最差。
综上所述,本研究通过对河北省9个地区采集的193株小麦叶锈菌菌株进行三唑酮敏感性测定,结果表明该省病原菌群体对三唑酮总体仍较敏感。然而,在石家庄市和邯郸市检测到低抗菌株,表明这两个地区的菌株可能存在抗药性风险。鉴于三唑酮与相同机制的戊唑醇、己唑醇间未出现交互抗性,故轮换使用可延缓小麦叶锈菌的抗药性发展。因此,在田间防治实践中,建议将三唑酮与甲氧基丙烯酸酯类等不同作用机制的杀菌剂交替轮换使用,以延长药剂使用寿命并降低抗性群体频率。总体来看,河北省小麦叶锈菌对三唑酮的抗性目前仍处于低水平,但地区性风险已经显现。今后应持续开展小麦叶锈菌的抗药性动态监测,为推进小麦叶锈病的可持续绿色防控提供科学依据与技术保障。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32172384)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(246Z6504G)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025130
  • 接收时间:2025-09-16
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-16
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32172384)
中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(246Z6504G)
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    1.河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北省农作物病虫害生物防治技术创新中心,保定 071000
    2.河北省唐山市农业科学研究院,唐山 063001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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