Article(id=1266470593609224482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1756915200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779879719402, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879719402, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879719402, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879719402, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266470523241382909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, year='2026', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='301', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879702622, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782266106964, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276479828593349444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, issueId=1266470523241382909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=383, endPage=393, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266470593865077028, articleId=1266470593609224482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=EN, title=Identification of pathogens causing peanut pod rot in Inner Mongolia and screening of control fungicides against the dominant pathogen, columnId=1266470561661206635, journalTitle=Journal of Plant Protection, columnName=Research reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To effectively prevent and control peanut pod rot, samples showing typical symptoms were collected from Qinghe Town, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. The pathogens were isolated and purified using the single-spore isolation method. The obtained strains were identified with morphological and molecular biological techniques, and the toxicities of ten fungicides from succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), and demethylation inhibitor (DMI) against dominant pathogens were determined, fungicides with high toxicity were further determined for their efficacy. A total of 11 fungal strains were obtained via single-spore isolation. Morphological and molecular identification revealed that three strains were identified as Fusarium solani and eight as Botrytis cinerea, accounting for 27.27% and 72.73%, respectively. Botrytis cinerea was the predominant pathogen (with average disease severity indices of 55.09 for peanut pods and 12.50 for peanut kernels). Among SDHI, QoI, and DMI fungicides, benzovindiflupyr, pyraclostrobin, and mefentrifluconazole exhibited the highest inhibition rates against B. cinerea. In vitro tissue experiments revealed that the protective efficacy of 100 mg/L mefentrifluconazole, pyraclostrobin, and benzovindiflupyr against peanut pod rot was 60.16%, 76.42%, and 65.85%, respectively; their corresponding curative efficacy was 58.54%, 81.30%, and 68.29%, respectively. These results were comparable to those of the reference fungicide procymidone. The results showed that mefentrifluconazole, pyraclostrobin, and benzovindiflupyr could be used to prevent and control peanut pod rot.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xueran Hu, Chaofan Jiang, Leiming He, Hao Liu, Weifeng Cheng, Jiyan Song, Zhongjun Gong, Kebin Li, Kaidi Cui, Lin Zhou, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1266470596796895536, articleId=1266470593609224482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, language=CN, title=内蒙古花生果腐病病原菌鉴定及其优势菌防治药剂的筛选, columnId=1266470561837367405, journalTitle=植物保护学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为有效防控花生果腐病,从内蒙古自治区通辽市清河镇采集具有典型花生果腐病的样品,采用单孢分离法对样品进行分离纯化获得菌株,对获得的菌株进行形态学观察与分子生物学鉴定,并测定琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,SDHI)、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类(quinone outside inhibitor,QoI)和去甲基化抑制剂(demethylation inhibitor,DMI)3类10种杀菌剂对优势病原菌的室内毒力,筛选毒力较好的杀菌剂进行防效试验。结果显示:通过单孢分离法共获得11株菌株;经形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定,其中3株菌株为茄腐镰刀菌Fusarium solani,8株菌株为灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea,占比分别为27.27%和72.73%;灰葡萄孢菌为优势病原菌,对花生荚果和花生仁的平均病情指数分别为55.09和12.50。在 SDHI、QoI和DMI类杀菌剂中,苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟醚菌唑对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率最高。浓度100 mg/L的氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑对花生果腐病的保护防效和治疗防效分别为60.16%、76.42%、65.85%和58.54%、81.30%、68.29%,与对照药剂腐霉利的防效相当。表明氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑可用于防控花生果腐病。

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Discovery of new symptom of peanut pod rot and analysis of its occurrence factors. 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Identification and biological characteristics of the peanut scorch spot pathogen Leptosphaerulina arachidicola . 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Study on resistance of Botrytis cinerea to azoxystrobin collected from fruits and vegetables in Zhejiang Province. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 15(5): 504-510 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746678464893682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=15, issue=5, pageStart=504, pageEnd=510, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=12, authorNames=皇甫运红, 戴德江, 时浩杰, 徐志宏, 张传清, journalName=农药学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=皇甫运红, 戴德江, 时浩杰, 徐志宏, 张传清. 2013. 浙江省果蔬灰霉病菌对嘧菌酯的抗药性研究. 农药学学报, 15(5): 504-510, articleTitle=浙江省果蔬灰霉病菌对嘧菌酯的抗药性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746678527808243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=11, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Jiang DQ, Qiu SF, He YM, journalName=Modernizing Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang DQ, Qiu SF, He YM. 2022. Occurrence and comprehensive prevention techniques of peanut rot in Muping District. Modernizing Agriculture, (6): 11-13 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746678624277236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=11, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=14, authorNames=姜大奇, 邱少芬, 贺迎明, journalName=现代化农业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜大奇, 邱少芬, 贺迎明. 2022. 牟平区花生果腐病发生情况及综合预防技术. 现代化农业, (6): 11-13, articleTitle=牟平区花生果腐病发生情况及综合预防技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746678720746229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=126, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Li J, Lu F, Jia GL, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li J, Lu F, Jia GL. 2016. Effect of 250 g/L pyraclostrobin SC on controlling peanut leaf spot. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology(6): 126, 128 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746678821409526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=126, issue=null, pageStart=6, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=16, authorNames=李军, 鲁飞, 贾国连, journalName=现代农业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李军, 鲁飞, 贾国连. 2016. 250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂防治花生叶斑病效果研究. 现代农业科技, 6: 126, 128, articleTitle=250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂防治花生叶斑病效果研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746678896906999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=59, issue=11, pageStart=833, pageEnd=834, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Li LY, Chen M, Luan BH, Yu XL, Zhang GH, Liu BY, journalName=Agrochemicals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li LY, Chen M, Luan BH, Yu XL, Zhang GH, Liu BY. 2020. Field control effect of a new fungicide mefentrifluconazole on peanut leaf spot. Agrochemicals, 59(11): 833-834 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746678955627256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=59, issue=11, pageStart=833, pageEnd=834, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=18, authorNames=李凌云, 陈敏, 栾炳辉, 于晓丽, 张广和, 刘保友, journalName=农药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李凌云, 陈敏, 栾炳辉, 于晓丽, 张广和, 刘保友. 2020. 新型杀菌剂氯氟醚菌唑对花生叶斑病的田间防效评价. 农药, 59(11): 833-834, articleTitle=新型杀菌剂氯氟醚菌唑对花生叶斑病的田间防效评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679014347513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.cnki.net/urlid/33.1151.S.20260302.1502.010, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Li S, Chen T, Gu G, Hu ZL, Pan X, Yin CL, Huang S, Liang HY, Xiao S, Lin ZH, journalName=Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li S, Chen T, Gu G, Hu ZL, Pan X, Yin CL, Huang S, Liang HY, Xiao S, Lin ZH, et al. 2026. Identification of pathogenic species causing brown spot disease on cigar tobacco and their pathogenicity on cultivars. 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Isolation and identification of Beauveria bassiana strain Bb-QJC2 and evaluation of its pathogenicity against the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei). Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679245034236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.cnki.net/urlid/46.1019.s.20260311.1728.0071-13, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=22, authorNames=刘晶林, 田甜, 张若男, 吕佳豪, 高圣风, 苟亚峰, 任洁, 孙世伟, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晶林, 田甜, 张若男, 吕佳豪, 高圣风, 苟亚峰, 任洁, 孙世伟. 2026. 球孢白僵菌Bb-QJC2的分离鉴定及对咖啡果小蠹的致病性测定. 热带作物学报,, articleTitle=球孢白僵菌Bb-QJC2的分离鉴定及对咖啡果小蠹的致病性测定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679312143101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=983, pageEnd=986, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=23, authorNames=Liu K, Li Y, Wang R, Ding WL, journalName=Modern Chinese Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu K, Li Y, Wang R, Ding WL. 2019. Research advance in Panax ginseng gray mold. Modern Chinese Medicine, 21(7): 983-986 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679375057662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=983, pageEnd=986, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=24, authorNames=刘琨, 李勇, 王蓉, 丁万隆, journalName=中国现代中药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘琨, 李勇, 王蓉, 丁万隆. 2019. 人参灰霉病研究进展. 中国现代中药, 21(7): 983-986, articleTitle=人参灰霉病研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679467332351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=55, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=25, authorNames=Liu XG, Fan Y, Zhao XF, Chen Z, Chen SP, journalName=Journal of Peanut Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu XG, Fan Y, Zhao XF, Chen Z, Chen SP. 2021. Study on the occurrence dynamics and pathogenic factors of peanut pod rot in eastern Hebei. Journal of Peanut Science, 50(3): 55-60 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679521858304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=55, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=26, authorNames=刘晓光, 范燕, 赵雪飞, 陈志, 陈胜萍, journalName=花生学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓光, 范燕, 赵雪飞, 陈志, 陈胜萍. 2021. 冀东地区花生果腐病发生动态及致病因子研究. 花生学报, 50(3): 55-60, articleTitle=冀东地区花生果腐病发生动态及致病因子研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679576384257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=104, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=27, authorNames=Liu XY, Fu DQ, Yu FY, Yang WB, Yin XX, journalName=Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu XY, Fu DQ, Yu FY, Yang WB, Yin XX. 2020. Isolation, identification and biological characteristics of peanut fruit rot pathogen in Hainan Province. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 48(6): 104-107 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679643493122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=104, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=28, authorNames=刘小玉, 付登强, 余凤玉, 杨伟波, 尹欣幸, journalName=江苏农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘小玉, 付登强, 余凤玉, 杨伟波, 尹欣幸. 2020. 海南花生果腐病菌的分离、鉴定及生物学特性研究. 江苏农业科学, 48(6): 104-107, articleTitle=海南花生果腐病菌的分离、鉴定及生物学特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679702213379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=51, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Liu YL, Gao YN, Feng G, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu YL, Gao YN, Feng G. 2015. Co-toxicity test of pyraclostrobin and triflumizole against Botrytis cinerea . Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 35(4): 51-54 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679773516548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=51, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=30, authorNames=刘妤玲, 高亚楠, 冯岗, journalName=热带农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘妤玲, 高亚楠, 冯岗. 2015. 吡唑醚菌酯和氟菌唑对番茄灰霉病菌室内联合毒力测定. 热带农业科学, 35(4): 51-54, articleTitle=吡唑醚菌酯和氟菌唑对番茄灰霉病菌室内联合毒力测定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679849014021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=446, pageEnd=457, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=31, authorNames=Shen SR, He LM, Jia CJ, Huang ZY, Wang QQ, Zhang FL, Cui KD, Zhou L, journalName=Chinese Journal of Biological Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen SR, He LM, Jia CJ, Huang ZY, Wang QQ, Zhang FL, Cui KD, Zhou L. 2025. Efficacy of Thymus mongolicus and Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and their major components thymol and cinnamaldehyde on peanut pod rot. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 41(2): 446-457 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679916122886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=446, pageEnd=457, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=32, authorNames=申思蕊, 何磊鸣, 贾晨静, 黄朝阳, 王芹芹, 张富龙, 崔凯娣, 周琳, journalName=中国生物防治学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=申思蕊, 何磊鸣, 贾晨静, 黄朝阳, 王芹芹, 张富龙, 崔凯娣, 周琳. 2025. 百里香和肉桂精油及其主要成分百里香酚和肉桂醛对花生果腐病的防治效果. 中国生物防治学报, 41(2): 446-457, articleTitle=百里香和肉桂精油及其主要成分百里香酚和肉桂醛对花生果腐病的防治效果, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746679974843143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Sun LJ, journalName=Sensitivity of Sclerotium rolfsii to two SDHIs fungicides and risk assessment of resistance to benzovindiflupyr. 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Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680037757704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=34, authorNames=孙龙江, journalName=花生白绢病菌对两种SDHI类杀菌剂的敏感性及对苯并烯氟菌唑的抗药性风险评价. 硕士学位论文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙龙江. 2023. 花生白绢病菌对两种SDHI类杀菌剂的敏感性及对苯并烯氟菌唑的抗药性风险评价. 硕士学位论文. 郑州: 河南农业大学, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680092283657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=107, issue=8, pageStart=2359, pageEnd=2364, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=35, authorNames=Sun LJ, Na RS, Jiang CF, Cui KD, He Y, Zhao T, Zhang JJ, He LM, Zhou L, journalName=Plant Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun LJ, Na RS, Jiang CF, Cui KD, He Y, Zhao T, Zhang JJ, He LM, Zhou L. 2023. 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Journal of Peanut Science, 38(1): 27-31 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680478159630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=27, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=40, authorNames=杨静, journalName=花生学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨静. 2009. 中国花生生产及贸易现状与展望. 花生学报, 38(1): 27-31, articleTitle=中国花生生产及贸易现状与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680553657103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=151, issue=null, pageStart=112068, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=41, authorNames=Yu HW, Liu HZ, Erasmus SW, Zhao SM, Wang Q, van Ruth SM, journalName=An explorative study on the relationships between the quality traits of peanut varieties and their peanut butters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu HW, Liu HZ, Erasmus SW, Zhao SM, Wang Q, van Ruth SM. 2021. An explorative study on the relationships between the quality traits of peanut varieties and their peanut butters. LWT: Food Science and Technology, 151: 112068, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680624960272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=103, issue=7, pageStart=1794, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=42, authorNames=Yu J, Xu M, Liang C, Zhang X, Guo Z, Wu J, Li X, Chi Y, Wan S, journalName=Plant Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu J, Xu M, Liang C, Zhang X, Guo Z, Wu J, Li X, Chi Y, Wan S. 2019. First report of Pythium myriotylum associated with peanut pod rot in China. Plant Disease, 103(7): 1794, articleTitle=First report of Pythium myriotylum associated with peanut pod rot in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680713040657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=18, issue=6, pageStart=229, pageEnd=239, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=43, authorNames=Zhou K, Xu ZL, Zeng QZ, Sun YM, journalName=Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou K, Xu ZL, Zeng QZ, Sun YM. 2018. Aflatoxin in peanut (oil): a review on the contamination survey, control and elimination methods. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 18(6): 229-239 (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680792732434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=18, issue=6, pageStart=229, pageEnd=239, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=44, authorNames=周凯, 徐振林, 曾庆中, 孙远明, journalName=中国食品学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周凯, 徐振林, 曾庆中, 孙远明. 2018. 花生(油)中黄曲霉毒素的污染、控制与消除. 中国食品学报, 18(6): 229-239, articleTitle=花生(油)中黄曲霉毒素的污染、控制与消除, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746680931144467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=45, authorNames=Zhu TT, journalName=Study on the distribution, potential of aflatoxigenic fungi and toxins contamination in peanut soils. Master thesis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu TT. 2018. Study on the distribution, potential of aflatoxigenic fungi and toxins contamination in peanut soils. Master thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1266746681019224852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=46, authorNames=朱婷婷, journalName=花生土壤中产黄曲霉毒素菌的分布、产毒力与毒素污染研究. 硕士学位论文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱婷婷. 2018. 花生土壤中产黄曲霉毒素菌的分布、产毒力与毒素污染研究. 硕士学位论文. 北京: 中国农业科学院, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1266746676904612581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, awardId=2024YFD1400800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400800), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1266746651369689727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, xref=1., 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companyId=1266746651994641029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1266746652032389768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, companyId=1266746651994641029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100193)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1266746673041658578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Field symptoms of peanut pod rot, figureFileSmall=l/ZxiBZwac8p7HIYZOKJHg==, figureFileBig=mOgJJxyEEjmRQRN751fgIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746673482060499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=图1, caption=花生果腐病的田间发病症状, figureFileSmall=l/ZxiBZwac8p7HIYZOKJHg==, figureFileBig=mOgJJxyEEjmRQRN751fgIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746673876325077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Colony and conidial morphologies of three strains (A-C) including NM-1 etc. and eight strains (D-F) including NM-3 etc. of the pathogens causing peanut pod rot, figureFileSmall=uCFAgjPFJE9RgqFEtvRYNw==, figureFileBig=yt9g1b/5lHqmq1VbkohnMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746674211869398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=图2, caption=花生果腐病原菌菌株NM-13株(A~C)和NM-38株(D~F)的菌落形态和分生孢子形态, figureFileSmall=uCFAgjPFJE9RgqFEtvRYNw==, figureFileBig=yt9g1b/5lHqmq1VbkohnMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746674291561176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of peanut pod rot pathogen strains and related strains constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on ITS sequence, figureFileSmall=unZnx5mBHfRvUzUZlK/v3w==, figureFileBig=ryDz44LVe5C45uJO1LtTFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746674358670041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于ITS序列采用最大似然法构建花生果腐病病原菌菌株与相关菌株的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=unZnx5mBHfRvUzUZlK/v3w==, figureFileBig=ryDz44LVe5C45uJO1LtTFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746674769711835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Phylogenetic trees of three strains including NM-1, etc. and related strains constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences, figureFileSmall=xgJnXHXQhQ5dHmy6w/abng==, figureFileBig=Guyj5UQzwVj9tQfer+uakQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746675122033372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于ITSRPB2TEF1 序列采用最大似然法构建NM-13株菌株与相关菌株的系统发育树

括号内从左到右依次为ITS、RPB2TEF1登录号。The numbers in parentheses from left to right represent the accession numbers for ITS, RPB2, and TEF1, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=xgJnXHXQhQ5dHmy6w/abng==, figureFileBig=Guyj5UQzwVj9tQfer+uakQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746675197530845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Phylogenetic trees of eight strains including NM-3, etc. and related strains constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on ITS, RPB2, and G3PDH sequences, figureFileSmall=fQwDpDMUlTvIxyRotq8IPg==, figureFileBig=6GfQLU8ip1z/w82ZgU/nuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746675499520734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于ITSRPB2G3PDH 序列采用最大似然法构建NM-38株菌株与相关菌株的系统发育树

括号内从左到右依次为ITS、RPB2G3PDH登录号。The numbers in parentheses from left to right represent the accession numbers for ITS, RPB2, and G3PDH, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=fQwDpDMUlTvIxyRotq8IPg==, figureFileBig=6GfQLU8ip1z/w82ZgU/nuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1266746675566629599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Pathogenicity of peanut pod rot

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌种

Strain

菌株编号

Strain number

病情指数 Disease index
花生荚果 Peanut pod花生仁 Peanut kernel
灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinereaNM-1485.19±3.70 a*11.11±0.00 b
NM-781.48±3.70 a*11.11±0.00 b
NM-866.67±0.00 b*11.11±0.00 b
NM-362.97±3.70 bc*11.11±0.00 b
NM-1551.85±3.70 cd*11.11±0.00 b
NM-444.44±0.00 de*11.11±0.00 b
NM-537.03±3.70 e*11.11±0.00 b
NM-1111.11±0.00 f22.22±4.54 b
平均Mean55.09±8.64 A*12.50±1.39 A
茄腐镰刀菌Fusarium solaniNM-985.19±3.70 a*18.52±3.70 b
NM-181.48±3.70 a*11.11±0.00 b
NM-666.67±0.00 b*48.14±3.70 b
平均Mean77.78±5.66 A*25.92±11.31 A
), ArticleFig(id=1266746675910562528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

花生果腐病病原菌的致病力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

菌种

Strain

菌株编号

Strain number

病情指数 Disease index
花生荚果 Peanut pod花生仁 Peanut kernel
灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinereaNM-1485.19±3.70 a*11.11±0.00 b
NM-781.48±3.70 a*11.11±0.00 b
NM-866.67±0.00 b*11.11±0.00 b
NM-362.97±3.70 bc*11.11±0.00 b
NM-1551.85±3.70 cd*11.11±0.00 b
NM-444.44±0.00 de*11.11±0.00 b
NM-537.03±3.70 e*11.11±0.00 b
NM-1111.11±0.00 f22.22±4.54 b
平均Mean55.09±8.64 A*12.50±1.39 A
茄腐镰刀菌Fusarium solaniNM-985.19±3.70 a*18.52±3.70 b
NM-181.48±3.70 a*11.11±0.00 b
NM-666.67±0.00 b*48.14±3.70 b
平均Mean77.78±5.66 A*25.92±11.31 A
), ArticleFig(id=1266746675998642913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indoor virulence of different fungicides against Botrytis cinerea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杀菌剂类别

Fungicide

category

杀菌剂

Fungicide

NM-7菌株NM-7 strainNM-14菌株NM-14 strainNM-8菌株NM-8 strain

平均EC50

Mean

EC50/

(mg/L)

回归方程

Regression

equation

R2

EC50/

(mg/L)

回归方程

Regression

equation

R2

EC50/

(mg/L)

回归方程

Regression

equation

R2

EC50/

(mg/L)

琥珀酸脱

氢酶抑制剂

Succinate

dehydrogenase

inhibitor

啶酰菌胺

Boscalid

y=5.11+0.40x0.900.54y=5.06+0.40x0.980.70y=4.94+0.39x0.891.390.88

氟吡菌酰胺

Fluopyram

y=5.04+1.13x0.990.92y=5.16+0.92x0.980.68y=5.37+0.97x0.960.410.67

苯并烯氟菌唑

Benzovindiflupyr

y=5.29+0.81x0.980.44y=5.34+0.68x0.990.31y=5.06+0.74x0.950.840.53

吡唑萘菌胺

Isopyrazam

y=5.01+0.58x0.980.98y=4.92+0.55x0.961.42y=4.56+0.64x0.954.892.43

甲氧基丙

烯酸酯类

Quinone

outside

inhibitor

吡唑醚菌酯

Pyraclostrobin

y=5.23+0.39x0.970.26y=5.37+0.21x0.990.02y=5.15+0.17x0.990.130.14

嘧菌酯

Azoxystrobin

y=5.49+0.51x0.980.11y=5.51+0.44x0.970.07y=5.10+0.60x0.970.690.29

去甲基化

抑制剂

Demethylation

inhibitor

丙硫菌唑

Prothioconazole

y=5.72+0.66x0.990.08y=5.78+0.79x0.970.10y=6.02+1.39x0.940.180.12

啶菌噁唑

Pyrisoxazole

y=5.81+0.78x0.960.11y=5.67+0.81x0.920.15y=5.84+0.84x0.970.100.12

戊唑醇

Tebuconazole

y=5.44+1.09x0.990.39y=5.77+0.91x0.980.14y=5.10+0.52x0.980.650.39

氯氟醚菌唑

Mefentrifluconazole

y=5.35+0.39x0.910.13y=5.33+0.26x0.980.06y=5.30+0.19x0.960.020.07
), ArticleFig(id=1266746676334187234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同杀菌剂对花生果腐病优势病原菌的室内毒力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杀菌剂类别

Fungicide

category

杀菌剂

Fungicide

NM-7菌株NM-7 strainNM-14菌株NM-14 strainNM-8菌株NM-8 strain

平均EC50

Mean

EC50/

(mg/L)

回归方程

Regression

equation

R2

EC50/

(mg/L)

回归方程

Regression

equation

R2

EC50/

(mg/L)

回归方程

Regression

equation

R2

EC50/

(mg/L)

琥珀酸脱

氢酶抑制剂

Succinate

dehydrogenase

inhibitor

啶酰菌胺

Boscalid

y=5.11+0.40x0.900.54y=5.06+0.40x0.980.70y=4.94+0.39x0.891.390.88

氟吡菌酰胺

Fluopyram

y=5.04+1.13x0.990.92y=5.16+0.92x0.980.68y=5.37+0.97x0.960.410.67

苯并烯氟菌唑

Benzovindiflupyr

y=5.29+0.81x0.980.44y=5.34+0.68x0.990.31y=5.06+0.74x0.950.840.53

吡唑萘菌胺

Isopyrazam

y=5.01+0.58x0.980.98y=4.92+0.55x0.961.42y=4.56+0.64x0.954.892.43

甲氧基丙

烯酸酯类

Quinone

outside

inhibitor

吡唑醚菌酯

Pyraclostrobin

y=5.23+0.39x0.970.26y=5.37+0.21x0.990.02y=5.15+0.17x0.990.130.14

嘧菌酯

Azoxystrobin

y=5.49+0.51x0.980.11y=5.51+0.44x0.970.07y=5.10+0.60x0.970.690.29

去甲基化

抑制剂

Demethylation

inhibitor

丙硫菌唑

Prothioconazole

y=5.72+0.66x0.990.08y=5.78+0.79x0.970.10y=6.02+1.39x0.940.180.12

啶菌噁唑

Pyrisoxazole

y=5.81+0.78x0.960.11y=5.67+0.81x0.920.15y=5.84+0.84x0.970.100.12

戊唑醇

Tebuconazole

y=5.44+1.09x0.990.39y=5.77+0.91x0.980.14y=5.10+0.52x0.980.650.39

氯氟醚菌唑

Mefentrifluconazole

y=5.35+0.39x0.910.13y=5.33+0.26x0.980.06y=5.30+0.19x0.960.020.07
), ArticleFig(id=1266746676422267619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Protective and curative efficacies of different fungicides against peanut pod rot

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杀菌剂

Fungicide

不同浓度的保护防效

Protective efficacy of different concentration/%

不同浓度的治疗防效

Curative efficacy of different concentration/%

50 mg/L100 mg/L200 mg/L50 mg/L100 mg/L200 mg/L

吡唑醚菌酯

Pyraclostrobin

29.27±7.45 a76.42±4.30 a89.43±1.63 a40.65±13.01 a81.30±7.09 a92.68±2.44 a

氯氟醚菌唑

Mefentrifluconazole

22.76±9.05 a60.16±4.30 b74.80±4.30 ab19.51±12.27 a58.54±10.16 a86.99±0.81 ab

苯并烯氟菌唑

Benzovindiflupyr

40.65±5.86 a65.85±1.41 ab73.17±8.45 ab39.02±4.88 a68.29±4.88 a78.05±5.08 b

腐霉利

Procymidone

-65.04±4.30 b--70.73±2.44 a-
), ArticleFig(id=1266746676736840420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358857061122103, articleId=1266470593609224482, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同杀菌剂对花生果腐病的保护防效与治疗防效

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

杀菌剂

Fungicide

不同浓度的保护防效

Protective efficacy of different concentration/%

不同浓度的治疗防效

Curative efficacy of different concentration/%

50 mg/L100 mg/L200 mg/L50 mg/L100 mg/L200 mg/L

吡唑醚菌酯

Pyraclostrobin

29.27±7.45 a76.42±4.30 a89.43±1.63 a40.65±13.01 a81.30±7.09 a92.68±2.44 a

氯氟醚菌唑

Mefentrifluconazole

22.76±9.05 a60.16±4.30 b74.80±4.30 ab19.51±12.27 a58.54±10.16 a86.99±0.81 ab

苯并烯氟菌唑

Benzovindiflupyr

40.65±5.86 a65.85±1.41 ab73.17±8.45 ab39.02±4.88 a68.29±4.88 a78.05±5.08 b

腐霉利

Procymidone

-65.04±4.30 b--70.73±2.44 a-
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内蒙古花生果腐病病原菌鉴定及其优势菌防治药剂的筛选
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胡雪然 1 , 蒋超凡 1 , 何磊鸣 1 , 刘昊 1 , 程伟风 1 , 宋纪言 1 , 巩中军 2 , 李克斌 3 , 崔凯娣 1 , 周琳 1
植物保护学报 | 研究论文 2026,53(2): 383-393
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植物保护学报 |研究论文 2026 , 53 (2) : 383 -393
内蒙古花生果腐病病原菌鉴定及其优势菌防治药剂的筛选
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胡雪然1, 蒋超凡1, 何磊鸣1, 刘昊1, 程伟风1, 宋纪言1, 巩中军2, 李克斌3, 崔凯娣1 , 周琳1
作者信息
  • 1.河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南省新型农药创制与应用重点实验室,河南省绿色农药创制工程技术研究中心,郑州 450046
  • 2.河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州 450046
  • 3.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100193
通讯作者:
Identification of pathogens causing peanut pod rot in Inner Mongolia and screening of control fungicides against the dominant pathogen
Xueran Hu1, Chaofan Jiang1, Leiming He1, Hao Liu1, Weifeng Cheng1, Jiyan Song1, Zhongjun Gong2, Kebin Li3, Kaidi Cui1 , Lin Zhou1
Affiliations
  • 1.Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Creation and Application of New Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • 2.Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • 3.Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025124
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为有效防控花生果腐病,从内蒙古自治区通辽市清河镇采集具有典型花生果腐病的样品,采用单孢分离法对样品进行分离纯化获得菌株,对获得的菌株进行形态学观察与分子生物学鉴定,并测定琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,SDHI)、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类(quinone outside inhibitor,QoI)和去甲基化抑制剂(demethylation inhibitor,DMI)3类10种杀菌剂对优势病原菌的室内毒力,筛选毒力较好的杀菌剂进行防效试验。结果显示:通过单孢分离法共获得11株菌株;经形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定,其中3株菌株为茄腐镰刀菌Fusarium solani,8株菌株为灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea,占比分别为27.27%和72.73%;灰葡萄孢菌为优势病原菌,对花生荚果和花生仁的平均病情指数分别为55.09和12.50。在 SDHI、QoI和DMI类杀菌剂中,苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟醚菌唑对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率最高。浓度100 mg/L的氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑对花生果腐病的保护防效和治疗防效分别为60.16%、76.42%、65.85%和58.54%、81.30%、68.29%,与对照药剂腐霉利的防效相当。表明氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑可用于防控花生果腐病。

花生果腐病  /  病原菌  /  灰葡萄孢菌  /  鉴定  /  杀菌剂  /  筛选  /  保护防效  /  治疗防效

To effectively prevent and control peanut pod rot, samples showing typical symptoms were collected from Qinghe Town, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. The pathogens were isolated and purified using the single-spore isolation method. The obtained strains were identified with morphological and molecular biological techniques, and the toxicities of ten fungicides from succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), and demethylation inhibitor (DMI) against dominant pathogens were determined, fungicides with high toxicity were further determined for their efficacy. A total of 11 fungal strains were obtained via single-spore isolation. Morphological and molecular identification revealed that three strains were identified as Fusarium solani and eight as Botrytis cinerea, accounting for 27.27% and 72.73%, respectively. Botrytis cinerea was the predominant pathogen (with average disease severity indices of 55.09 for peanut pods and 12.50 for peanut kernels). Among SDHI, QoI, and DMI fungicides, benzovindiflupyr, pyraclostrobin, and mefentrifluconazole exhibited the highest inhibition rates against B. cinerea. In vitro tissue experiments revealed that the protective efficacy of 100 mg/L mefentrifluconazole, pyraclostrobin, and benzovindiflupyr against peanut pod rot was 60.16%, 76.42%, and 65.85%, respectively; their corresponding curative efficacy was 58.54%, 81.30%, and 68.29%, respectively. These results were comparable to those of the reference fungicide procymidone. The results showed that mefentrifluconazole, pyraclostrobin, and benzovindiflupyr could be used to prevent and control peanut pod rot.

peanut pod rot  /  pathogen  /  Botrytis cinerea  /  identification  /  fungicide  /  screening  /  protective efficacy  /  curative efficacy
胡雪然, 蒋超凡, 何磊鸣, 刘昊, 程伟风, 宋纪言, 巩中军, 李克斌, 崔凯娣, 周琳. 内蒙古花生果腐病病原菌鉴定及其优势菌防治药剂的筛选. 植物保护学报, 2026 , 53 (2) : 383 -393 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025124
Xueran Hu, Chaofan Jiang, Leiming He, Hao Liu, Weifeng Cheng, Jiyan Song, Zhongjun Gong, Kebin Li, Kaidi Cui, Lin Zhou. Identification of pathogens causing peanut pod rot in Inner Mongolia and screening of control fungicides against the dominant pathogen[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2026 , 53 (2) : 383 -393 . DOI: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025124
花生是一种全球广泛种植的油料作物,该作物富含油脂和优质蛋白质,可预防心血管疾病(Yu et al.,2021)。在中国,花生种植范围广,南起海南岛,北到黑龙江省,东至台湾省,西达新疆维吾尔自治区,年产量保持在1 700万t以上,稳居世界首位(杨静,2009丁小霞,2011朱婷婷,2018)。相较于河南、山东、广东等传统花生种植大省,内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)及辽宁、吉林和黑龙江东北三省的花生种植基础较薄弱。然而,在保障粮油作物扩种的国家政策引导及当地花生价格优势等市场因素共同作用下,东北三省(含内蒙古东部)的花生种植面积增长明显,尤其是内蒙古通辽市等种植面积增加尤为突出。随着花生种植规模持续扩大,花生果腐病在内蒙古等地区高发,为害严重,且呈蔓延态势(周凯,2018)。该病隐蔽性强,发病植株地上部分与健康植株无异,早期较难发现,一旦发病则迅速传播,且危害严重,一般发病田可减产20%左右,重病田减产可达50%以上,甚至绝收(刘晓光等,2021姜大奇等,2022),因此明确花生果腐病的病原菌并筛选防控药剂迫在眉睫。
目前,花生果腐病病原菌鉴定主要以形态学和分子生物学鉴定结合为主,分子生物学鉴定通常使用ITS(刘晶林等,2026)、RPB2G2PDHTEF1(李硕等,2026)等多基因联合进行鉴定。例如,范腕腕等(2024)利用形态学和基于ITS、TEF1基因的分子生物学结合鉴定河南省花生果腐病是由以茄腐镰刀菌Fusarium solani和尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum为主的多种镰刀菌复合侵染引起的;Chi et al.(2016)利用形态学和基于ITS基因的分子生物学结合鉴定山东省花生果腐病病原菌为立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani何弯弯等(2022)利用形态学和基于ITS、Act、G3PDH、TEFI、Tub2、LSU基因的分子生物学结合鉴定河北省花生果腐病优势病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌。但是不同区域的花生果腐病病原菌组成差异较大,关于内蒙古花生果腐病的病原菌尚不清楚。当前花生病害主要用琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,SDHI)类、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类(quinone outside inhibitor,QoI)和去甲基化抑制剂(demethylation Inhibitor,DMI)类药剂防治。例如,浓度100 mg/L苯并烯氟菌唑对花生白绢病的防效为93.99%(Sun et al.,2023);150 g (a.i.)/hm2吡唑醚菌酯对花生叶斑病的防效为85.20%(李军等,2016);140 g (a.i.)/hm2氯氟醚菌唑对花生叶斑病的防效为93.60%(李凌云等,2020)。但这些市场主流杀菌剂对内蒙古花生果腐病的防治如何尚不清楚。
为有效防控内蒙古等高纬度地区花生果腐病,2021年9月从内蒙古通辽市清河镇采集具有典型花生果腐病的样品,采用单孢分离法对样品进行分离纯化获得菌株,对获得的菌株进行形态学与分子生物学鉴定,并测定SDHI、QoI和DMI三类10种杀菌剂对优势病原菌的室内毒力,筛选室内毒力较好的杀菌剂进行防效试验,以期为花生果腐病的科学防控提供理论依据。
供试样品和植物:2021年9月从内蒙古通辽市清河镇花生田中采集具有典型果腐病症状的10个花生荚果,带回实验室。健康的花生荚果和花生仁,品种为豫花22号,购自河南秋乐种业科技股份有限公司。
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar,PDA)培养基:马铃薯200 g、葡萄糖20 g、琼脂粉20 g、蒸馏水1 L。
试剂和仪器:T3 SuperPCR Mix,北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。OLYMPUSCKX53光学显微镜,奥林巴斯株式会社;DYY-6C电泳仪,北京六一生物科技有限公司。
杀菌剂:90%啶菌噁唑(pyrisoxazole)原药,沈阳科创化学品有限公司;96%氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)原药,拜耳股份公司;96%苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)原药、92%吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)原药,先正达南通作物保护有限公司;98.6%吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)原药,山东康乔生物科技有限公司;98%嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)原药,江苏禾裕泰化学有限公司;95%丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)原药,山东海利尔化工有限公司公司;97.3%戊唑醇(tebuconazole)原药,江苏省农药研究所股份有限公司;97%啶酰菌胺(boscalid)原药,陕西美邦药业集团股份有限公司;95%氯氟醚菌唑(mefentrifluconazole)原药,江苏扬农化工股份有限公司。
采用组织分离法对采集的样品进行分离纯化。用清水冲洗样品后置于无菌滤纸上,吸干水分,用解剖刀在样品病健交界处切割3~5 mm2大小的组织块,依次浸入3%次氯酸钠和75%酒精中,表面消毒30 s,无菌水漂洗两次,用灭菌滤纸吸干水分。将消毒的组织块置于PDA培养基上,于25 ℃黑暗恒温培养4~5 d,挑取菌丝转接到新的PDA培养基中,进一步通过单孢分离法纯化获得形态单一的纯合菌株(范腕腕等,2024),并命名。
将获得的病原菌株接种到新的PDA培养基上,于25 ℃黑暗恒温培养,7 d左右观察菌落的形态、颜色及菌丝特征。继续培养至15 d,用10 mL无菌水冲洗菌落表面,同时用涂布器将菌落表面的孢子刮下,经4层纱布过滤后得到分生孢子悬浮液,用无菌水将浓度稀释至107个/mL,制作玻片,于光学显微镜下观察孢子形态,每株菌株观察5个视野,每个视野40个孢子。
将获得的花生果腐病病原菌菌株接种至PDA平板中央,于25 ℃培养3 d后收集菌丝。采用CTAB法提取菌丝的全基因组DNA。以各菌株的全基因组DNA为模板,分别以ITS-1F(5′-TCCGT-AGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′)/ITS-4R(5′-TCCTCCG-CTTATTGATATGC-3′)(刘晶林等,2026)、RPB2-5F2(5′-GGGGWGAYCAGAAGAAGGC-3′)/RPB2-7cR(5′-CCCATRGCTTGYTTRCCCAT-3′)和G3PDH-F(5′-CAACGGCTTCGGTCGCATTG-3′)/G3PDH-R(5′-GCCAAGCAGTTGGTTGTGC-3′)和TEF1-F(5′-CATCGAGAAGTTCGAGAAGG-3′)/TEF1-R(5′-TACTTGAAGGAACCCTTACC-3′)(李硕等,2026)为引物扩增ITS、RPB2G3PDHTEF1基因序列,引物均委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。25 μL PCR扩增体系:T3 SuperPCR Mix 22 μL、正反引物各1 μL、DNA模板1 μL。ITS序列扩增程序:98 ℃预变性2 min;98 ℃变性10 s,57 ℃退火10 s,72 ℃延伸10 s,35个循环;72 ℃终延伸2 min,4 ℃终止。RPB2序列扩增程序:98 ℃预变性2 min;98 ℃变性10 s,56 ℃退火10 s,72 ℃延伸10 s,35个循环;72 ℃终延伸2 min,4 ℃终止。G3PDH序列扩增程序:98 ℃预变性3 min;98 ℃变性10 s,59 ℃退火15 s,72 ℃延伸15 s,38个循环;72 ℃终延伸5 min,4 ℃终止。TEF1序列扩增程序:98 ℃预变性2 min;98 ℃变性10 s,53 ℃退火10 s,72 ℃延伸10 s,35个循环;72 ℃终延伸2 min,4 ℃终止。用1%琼脂糖凝胶对PCR产物进行电泳检测,检测后送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序。
利用NCBI-BLAST程序对序列进行同源性比对(胡艳红等,2020),并从GenBank获得相关参照菌株的信息,以锈菌Pucciniales sp. JXJ-2022外群,应用MEGA 11.0软件采用最大似然法对花生果腐病病原菌分离菌株及相关参考菌株的ITS基因序列构建系统发育树,从而明确菌属;再以核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum分离物2C为外群,应用MEGA 11.0软件采用最大似然法对本研究分离的镰刀菌属菌株及相关参考菌株的ITS、RPB2和TEF1多基因序列构建系统发育树,从而进一步确定菌种;再以核盘菌分离物2C为外群,应用MEGA 11.0软件采用最大似然法对本研究分离的葡萄孢属菌株及相关参考菌株的ITS、RPB2G3PDH多基因序列构建系统发育树,从而进一步明确菌种(胡艳红等,2020何弯弯等,2022)。
将1.2.1分离的花生果腐病病原菌分别接种到直径为9 cm 的PDA平板上,于25 ℃黑暗培养7 d,将表面消毒的花生荚果和花生仁分别放至菌落上。每个平板放两个健康的花生荚果和两个花生仁,分别以不接菌的PDA平板上放两个健康的花生荚果和两个花生仁为空白对照,每个平板视为1个重复,每株菌株5个重复。接种7 d后观察花生荚果和花生仁的发病情况是否与田间初期侵染症状一致,并从发病组织中重新分离病原菌,鉴定是否与接种菌株一致。同时,根据分级标准(申思蕊等,2025)确定发病等级,计算病情指数。分级标准:0级,无侵染症状;1级,侵染面积<10%;3级,10%≤侵染面积<25%;5级,25%≤侵染面积<50%;7级,50%≤侵染面积<75%;9级:侵染面积≥75%。病情指数=∑(各级荚果数×病级数)/(总荚果数×9)×100。
不同杀菌剂对花生果腐病优势病原菌室内毒力的测定:根据1.2.3和1.2.4结果,选择内蒙古花生果腐病优势病原菌灰葡萄孢菌中致病力较强的NM-7、NM-8和NM-14菌株作为接种菌株,测试这3株菌株对4种SDHI类杀菌剂(啶菌噁唑、氟吡菌酰胺、苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑萘菌胺),2种QoI类杀菌剂(吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯)及4种DMI类杀菌剂(丙硫菌唑、戊唑醇、啶酰菌胺、氯氟醚菌唑)的敏感性。取10种杀菌剂的原药,用二甲基亚砜和1%吐温-80溶解,配制成1 000 mg/L母液,用无菌水将母液稀释成系列浓度的药液,分别加入到50 ℃的PDA培养基中,制成最终浓度分别为0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5和10 mg/L的含药平板,以用含同等体积二甲基亚砜和1%吐温-80的PDA平板作为对照。将NM-7、NM-8和NM-14菌株置于PDA培养基上黑暗培养7 d,用打孔器在菌落外缘打取直径为5 mm的新鲜菌饼,分别接种到上述PDA平板上;置于25 ℃下黑暗培养,待菌丝生长至PDA平板2/3时,采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算菌丝生长抑制率。每个浓度重复3次。菌丝生长抑制率=(对照菌落直径-处理菌落直径)/(对照菌落直径-菌饼直径)×100%。以杀菌剂浓度对数值为横坐标,以相应浓度抑制率的概率值为纵坐标进行回归分析,根据回归方程计算抑制中浓度EC50。选择EC50较小的杀菌剂进行防效试验。
不同杀菌剂对花生果腐病的保护防效与治疗防效:根据1.2.4结果,以灰葡萄孢菌致病力最强的菌株作为接种菌株,选取室内毒力测定结果中SDHI、QoI和DMI这3类杀菌剂中毒力最高的杀菌剂苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯、氯氟醚菌唑作为杀菌剂,测试它们对花生果腐病的保护防效与治疗防效。试验共设11个处理组,其中苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟醚菌唑均设50、100和200 mg/L三个浓度处理,1个对照药剂处理(100 mg/L腐霉利)和1个空白对照处理(等量无菌水),每个处理3个重复,每个重复5个荚果。治疗防效:按1.2.2方法配制浓度为1×106个/mL的孢子悬浮液,将花生荚果置于孢子悬浮液中,轻微摇晃30 s,取出后置于温度25 ℃、相对湿度75%的培养箱中培养,48 h后取出花生荚果置于不同药液中浸泡30 s,取出晾干后放回带有两层湿润滤纸的培养皿内,接种后7 d调查不同处理下花生荚果的发病情况,确定发病等级,计算病情指数,方法同1.2.4。计算治疗防效,治疗防效=(对照组的病情指数-处理组的病情指数)/对照组的病情指数×100%。保护防效试验操作基本相同治疗防效,不同的是施药和接种的先后顺序,即在保护防效测定中花生荚果先用杀菌剂处理48 h后再接种病原菌,并于接种7 d后调查病级,计算病情指数和保护防效。
采用DPS 7.05软件对试验数据进行统计分析,两者之间应用t检验法进行差异显著性检验,三者及以上应用最小显著差数(least significant difference,LSD)法进行差异显著性检验。百分比数值在分析前进行反正弦转换。
在田间花生果腐病主要侵染花生荚果,被侵染后花生荚果出现褐色或黑色病斑,花生仁秕小,发育不良,严重时整个花生荚果连同花生仁完全变黑、腐烂(图1)。从田间发病样品共分离纯化获得11株菌株,分别命名为NM-1、NM-3~NM-9、NM-11、NM-14和NM-15。
在PDA平板上,NM-1、NM-6和NM-9菌株菌落正面平坦,呈圆形,菌丝呈白色卷毛状,较稀疏(图2-A),菌落背面呈淡黄色(图2-B);大型分生孢子呈镰刀状,具2~4个隔膜,大小为(5.0~9.0) μm×(23.5~60.0) μm;小型分生孢子呈椭圆形,无隔,大小为(3.6~4.4) μm×(8.0~13.2) μm(图2-C),根据形态学特征将其初步鉴定为茄腐镰刀菌F. solani。在PDA平板上,NM-3、NM-4、NM-5、NM-7、NM-8、NM-11、NM-14和NM-15菌株菌落正面呈灰白色,菌丝密集旺盛,呈绒毛状,向平板边缘蔓延生长(图2-D),菌落反面呈灰白色(图2-E);分生孢子呈卵形或近球形,丛生于分生孢子梗及分枝顶端,淡黄色,大小为(7.5~10.0) μm×(9.0~10.5) μm(图2-F),根据形态学特征将其初步鉴定为灰葡萄孢菌B. cinerea
NM-1、NM-6和NM-9菌株与茄腐镰刀菌聚为一个分支,NM-3、NM-4、NM-5、NM-7、NM-8、NM-11、NM-14和NM-15菌株与灰葡萄孢菌聚为一个分支,这两个分支与外群关系较远(图3)。
NM-1、NM-6、NM-9菌株与茄腐镰刀菌聚为一个分支(图4)。NM-3、NM-4、NM-5、NM-7、NM-8、NM-11、NM-14和NM-15菌株与灰葡萄孢菌聚为一个分支(图5)。
结合形态学特征,将NM-1、NM-6和NM-9菌株鉴定为茄腐镰刀菌F. solani,将NM-3、NM-4、NM-5、NM-7、NM-8、NM-11、NM-14和NM-15菌株鉴定为灰葡萄孢菌B. cinerea。分离得到的11株病原菌均可侵染花生荚果和花生仁,并且症状与田间初期侵染症状一致,且可再分离到与原接种菌株一致的菌株,表明这11株病原菌均为内蒙古花生果腐病的致病菌。因此,内蒙古花生果腐病病原菌主要为茄腐镰刀菌和灰葡萄孢菌,分离比例分别为27.27%和72.73%,灰葡萄孢菌为优势病原菌。
同一菌种不同菌株的致病力差异显著。在8株灰葡萄孢菌菌株中,NM-14、NM-7和NM-8菌株对花生荚果的致病力最强,与3株茄腐镰刀菌菌株的致病力相当;NM-6菌株对花生仁的致病力最强(表1)。两种菌对花生荚果的致病力均显著高于对花生仁的致病力(P<0.05),而两种菌对花生荚果的致病力无显著差异,对花生仁的致病力也无显著差异(表1)。
在4种SDHI类杀菌剂中,苯并烯氟菌唑对NM-7、NM-8和NM-14三株灰葡萄孢菌菌株的毒力最高,平均EC50为0.53 mg/L,啶酰菌胺、氟吡菌酰胺、吡唑萘菌胺对这3株灰葡萄孢菌菌株的毒力次之,平均EC50分别为0.88、0.67和2.43 mg/L;在两种QoI类杀菌剂中,吡唑醚菌酯对这3株灰葡萄孢菌菌株的毒力最高,平均EC50为0.14 mg/L;在4种DMI类杀菌剂中,氯氟醚菌唑对这3株灰葡萄孢菌菌株的毒力最高,平均EC50分别0.07 mg/L,丙硫菌唑、啶菌噁唑、戊唑醇对这3株灰葡萄孢菌菌株的毒力次之,平均EC50分别0.12、0.12和0.39 mg/L(表2)。因此,选择吡唑醚菌酯、氯氟醚菌唑和苯并烯氟菌唑这3种杀菌剂进行防效试验。
氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯、苯并烯氟菌唑这3种杀菌剂对花生果腐病的保护防效与治疗防效显著差异。施用7 d后,100 mg/L氯氟醚菌唑对花生果腐病的保护防效和治疗防效分别为60.16%和58.54%,100 mg/L吡唑醚菌酯对花生果腐病的保护防效和治疗防效分别为76.42%和81.30%,100 mg/L苯并烯氟菌唑对花生果腐病的保护防效和治疗防效分别为65.85%和68.29%,与均100 mg/L对照药剂的保护防效和治疗防效相当(表3)。在低浓度(50 mg/L)下,苯并烯氟菌唑的保护防效最好,吡唑醚菌酯的治疗防效最好;在高浓度(200 mg/L)下,吡唑醚菌酯的保护防效和治疗效果均最好(表3)。
近年来,花生重茬种植严重,导致土壤中病原菌数量持续增加,花生果腐病等土传病害广泛发生。该病害病原复杂且发病隐蔽性强,防治极为困难(Sun et al.,2012)。不同地区花生果腐病的病原菌存在差异。例如,美国西德克萨斯州花生果腐病主要病原菌为腐霉菌Pythium sp.(Yu et al.,2019),而中国河北省花生果腐病的主要病原菌为新孢镰刀菌F. neocosmosporiellum何弯弯等,2023),中国海南省花生果腐病的主要病原菌为镰刀菌Fusarium sp.(刘小玉等,2020),中国河南省花生果腐病的主要病原菌为茄腐镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum范腕腕等,2024)。不同地区花生果腐病的病原菌存在差异,这可能与当地的气候因素、种植制度、栽培管理和轮作方式等因素有关。本研究结果发现内蒙古通辽市花生果腐病主要由灰葡萄孢菌和茄腐镰刀菌引起,其中前者为优势病原菌。灰葡萄孢菌通常被认为是蔬菜灰霉病的病原菌,但关于其引起花生果腐病的报道较少。根据蔬菜灰霉病的流行规律,灰葡萄孢菌能以菌核、分生孢子或菌丝体形态随病残体在土壤中越冬(刘琨等,2019)。因此推测灰葡萄孢菌会以此为初侵染源,当花生荚果发育或成熟时其直接侵染,从而形成以土壤和病残体为核心的病害循环。这一发现不仅为内蒙古花生果腐病的防治策略制订提供了新方向,也拓展了对该病害病原菌多样性和生态位的认识。
国际杀菌剂抗性行动委员会已将灰葡萄孢菌归为高抗性风险病原菌。上海市、山西省灰葡萄孢菌已对多菌灵、嘧霉胺等多种杀菌剂产生了不同程度的抗性(刘妤玲等,2015)。本研究结果显示,自内蒙古通辽市分离的灰葡萄孢菌对啶菌噁唑、氟吡菌酰胺和苯并烯氟菌唑等10种杀菌剂仍有较高的敏感性,EC50 均小于1.00 mg/L,其中苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟醚菌唑这3种杀菌剂对花生果腐病均有较好的防效,与对照药剂腐霉利的药效相当,表明苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟醚菌唑可用于防治由灰葡萄孢菌引起的花生果腐病。此外,李凌云等(2020)研究结果显示氯氟醚菌唑对花生叶斑病有较好的防效;李军等(2016)研究结果显示吡唑醚菌酯对花生叶斑病有较好的防效;孙龙江(2023)报道苯并烯氟菌唑对花生白绢病有较好的防效。因此,在防治花生果腐病时,建议将苯并烯氟菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟醚菌唑进行交替轮换使用,或将其与作用机制不同、无交互抗性的其他药剂进行复配,避免或者延缓病原菌产生抗药性。
在国内,已登记用于防治灰葡萄孢菌的杀菌剂有吡唑醚菌酯、啶酰菌胺、啶菌噁唑、己唑醇和腐霉利等。本研究结果显示,吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、氯氟醚菌唑对灰葡萄孢菌的平均EC50分别为0.14、0.29和0.07 mg/L,均显著低于对自患灰霉病番茄上分离的灰葡萄孢菌的EC50(12.27 mg/L和9.8 mg/L)(刘妤玲等,2015魏佳爽等,2021)和对自患灰霉病草莓上分离的灰葡萄孢菌的EC50(5.72 mg/L)(皇甫运红等,2013),究其原因可能是,内蒙古针对花生果腐病的化学防治历史可能较短,病原菌接触相关药剂的机会较少;侵染花生荚果的灰葡萄孢菌种群可能在生物学特性和遗传背景上与其他作物来源的种群存在差异。
本研究明确了内蒙古花生果腐病的优势病原菌为灰葡萄孢菌,其分离频率高达72.73%,氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑杀菌剂对其引起的花生果腐病有较高的防效。然而,本研究分离鉴定的菌株数量有限,下一步需在不同年份对内蒙古不同区域广泛取样,并对病原菌种群进行动态监测,从而全面掌握该地区病原菌的组成及变化趋势。此外,在田间对筛选出的杀菌剂进一步验证。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400800)
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2026年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2026.2025124
  • 接收时间:2025-09-04
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-04
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国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400800)
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    1.河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南省新型农药创制与应用重点实验室,河南省绿色农药创制工程技术研究中心,郑州 450046
    2.河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州 450046
    3.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100193

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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