中南林业科技大学学报

干旱区配方施肥对文冠果光合性能、果实外形及种子产量的影响

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潘越 , 周韬 , 王季姣 , 虎海防 , 王天斌

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(9): 10-18

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (9) : 10 -18

干旱区配方施肥对文冠果光合性能、果实外形及种子产量的影响

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潘越, 周韬, 王季姣, 虎海防, 王天斌

作者信息

新疆维吾尔自治区林业科学院　荒漠绿洲生态系统保护修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830000

通讯作者:

王天斌（603019783@qq.com），正高级工程师，硕士。

作者简介:

潘越（18690187637@163.com），副研究员，硕士。

Effects of formula fertilization on the photosynthetic performance, fruit morphology, and yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in arid regions

Yue Pan, Tao Zhou, Jijiao Wang, Haifang Hu, Tianbin Wang

Affiliations

Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Desert Oasis Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China

出版时间: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.002

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

探讨不同氮、磷、钾配方施肥对文冠果‘蒙冠1号’光合特性、产量和果实品质的影响，为该品种在新疆天山北麓产区的推广种植提供合理的施肥建议。

【方法】

以新疆6年生文冠果‘蒙冠1号’为研究对象，采用“3414”施肥效应试验，氮、磷、钾各设4个水平：0（不施肥）、1（常规施肥量的50%）、2（常规施肥量）、3（常规施肥量的150%），其中常规施肥量为纯N 0.75 kg/株、P₂O₅ 0.60 kg/株、K₂O 0.20 kg/株，分析不同氮磷钾配比对叶片光合特性、光响应过程、果实外形及种子产量的影响。使用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、指数模型和直角双曲线修正模型对净光合速率与光合有效辐射之间的响应关系进行拟合，分析光合参数（净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度、水分利用效率）与产量及品质的关系。

【结果】

直角双曲线修正模型拟合效果最佳，拟合得到的初始量子效率、光补偿点、暗呼吸速率、最大净光合速率和光饱和点最接近实测值。常规氮肥施用量（N₂P₂K₂）能显著提高叶片的净光合速率，且高钾处理（N₂P₂K₃）能显著提升叶片的水分利用效率，相较于N₀P₀K₀，净光合速率提高了57.01%，水分利用效率提高了93.62%。在产量与果实性状方面，N₂P₂K₂和N₂P₃K₂施肥配比较N₀P₀K₀分别提高了68.17%和62.28%，前者在种子数量、果实横径、单果质量和单果种子质量方面分别增加了31.50%、14.91%、56.50%和115.21%；后者的含油率提高了14.03%。

【结论】

当氮、磷、钾的施肥量分别为413.54、613.64、213.44 kg/hm²时，可有效提高‘蒙冠1号’的光合特性、产量和果实品质。

关键词

文冠果 / 光合特性 / 产量 / 品质 / 配方施肥

Abstract

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【Objective】

To explore the effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer levels on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Menguan 1’. and to provide reasonable fertilization recommendations for the cultivation of this variety in the eastern part of the northern Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang.

【Method】

Six-year-old Xanthoceras sorbifolium ‘Mengguan 1’ trees grown in Xinjiang were used as the experimental materials. A “3414” fertilizer-response experimental design was adopted, in which nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were each assigned four application levels: 0 (no fertilization), 1 (50% of the conventional fertilization rate), 2 (the conventional fertilization rate), and 3 (150% of the conventional fertilization rate). The conventional fertilization rates were defined as 0.75 kg pure N plant^-1, 0.60 kg P₂O₅ plant^-1, and 0.20 kg K₂O plant^-1. On this basis, the effects of different N-P-K fertilization combinations on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, light-response parameters, fruit morphology, and seed yield were systematically evaluated. The rectangular hyperbolic model (RH), non-rectangular hyperbolic model (NRH), exponential model (EX), and modified rectangular hyperbolic model (MRH) were used to fit the P_n-PAR curve, and the photosynthetic parameters (P_n, T_r, C_i, WUE) and yield and quality were analyzed.

【Result】

The MRH model provided the best fit, with the calculated AQY, LCP, R_d, P_nmax, and LSP being closest to the measured values. The application of conventional nitrogen fertilizer (N₂P₂K₂) significantly increased leaf P_n, while high potassium fertilizer (N₂P₂K₃) significantly enhanced the WUE of ‘Menguan 1’. Compared to the control (N₀P₀K₀), P_n increased by 57.01% and WUE by 93.62%. Regarding yield and fruit traits, the fertilization ratios of N₂P₂K₂ and N₂P₃K₂ increased the single-plant yield by 68.17% and 62.28%, respectively, compared to N₀P₀K₀. The former increased seed number, fruit diameter, single fruit weight, and single seed weight by 31.50%, 14.91%, 56.50% and 115.21%, respectively, while the latter increased oil content by 14.03%.

【Conclusion】

When the pure amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were 413.54 kg/hm², 613.64 kg/hm², and 213.44 kg/hm², respectively, the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Menguan 1’ could be effectively improved.

Key words

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge / photosynthetic characteristics / yield / quality / formula fertilization

引用本文

潘越, 周韬, 王季姣, 虎海防, 王天斌. 干旱区配方施肥对文冠果光合性能、果实外形及种子产量的影响. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (9) : 10 -18 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.002

Yue Pan, Tao Zhou, Jijiao Wang, Haifang Hu, Tianbin Wang. Effects of formula fertilization on the photosynthetic performance, fruit morphology, and yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in arid regions[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (9) : 10 -18 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.002

基金

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中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(〔2025〕TG02号)
新疆领军人才引进计划重点创新平台项目(XJRC-2025-KJ-YJ-CXPT-017)
新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费管理项目(KY2025066)

参考文献

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2026年第46卷第9期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.002

接收时间：2025-08-27
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-09-25

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收稿日期：2025-08-27
修回日期：2025-11-03

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中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(〔2025〕TG02号)

新疆领军人才引进计划重点创新平台项目(XJRC-2025-KJ-YJ-CXPT-017)

新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费管理项目(KY2025066)

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新疆维吾尔自治区林业科学院　荒漠绿洲生态系统保护修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830000

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王天斌（603019783@qq.com），正高级工程师，硕士。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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