中南林业科技大学学报

海南岛油茶主产区林地土壤特征及肥力评价

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王鑫 ¹^,² , 曾亚红 ¹^,² , 符惠娴 ¹^,² , 郑宏斌 ¹^,² , 陈国德 ¹^,² , 苟志辉 ¹^,² , 孙秀东 ¹^,² , 农寿千 ¹^,² , 田蜜 ¹^,²

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(9): 36-50

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (9) : 36 -50

海南岛油茶主产区林地土壤特征及肥力评价

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王鑫¹^,², 曾亚红¹^,², 符惠娴¹^,², 郑宏斌¹^,², 陈国德¹^,², 苟志辉¹^,², 孙秀东¹^,², 农寿千¹^,², 田蜜¹^,²

作者信息

^1.海南省林业科学研究院（海南省红树林研究院），海南　海口　571100

^2.海南文昌森林生态系统定位观测研究站（文昌森林生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站），海南　文昌　571300

通讯作者:

田蜜（mitian@hnaf.ac.cn），高级工程师，硕士。

作者简介:

王鑫（1079987249@qq.com），工程师，硕士。

Evaluation of soil characteristics and fertility in forest land of main Camellia oleifera producing areas in Hainan Island

Xin Wang¹^,², Yahong Zeng¹^,², Huixian Fu¹^,², Hongbin Zheng¹^,², Guode Chen¹^,², Zhihui Gou¹^,², Xiudong Sun¹^,², Shouqian Nong¹^,², Mi Tian¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou 571100, Hainan, China

^2.Hainan Wenchang Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Wenchang 571300, Hainan, China

出版时间: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.004

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

通过对海南岛油茶主产区林地土壤特征状况的系统分析，揭示海南岛主要油茶林地土壤养分的地理分布特征，并综合评估海南岛油茶林地的土壤特性及肥力水平。

【方法】

测定海南岛油茶主产区15个样地的土壤物理指标，包括容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、含水率（质量/体积）、毛管最大持水量、田间持水量、饱和含水量及土壤固液气三相比例、pH值、有机碳、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾、阳离子交换量、微生物量氮、微生物量碳。采用Duncan多重比较法分析各指标间差异显著性，通过相关性热图进行可视化分析，运用主成分分析（PCA）提取主成分，计算综合得分并进行排序。

【结果】

HK-1、CM-2的相对含水量最高，为62.54%～67.15%。在土壤固液气三相中，HK系列（HK-1、HK-2）固体物质占比最低（39.21%～43.05%），空气含量较高（26.48%～30.23%）；HK-2总孔隙度（60.79%±4.48%）、含水率（32.35%±0.65%）、全磷含量（1 222.66±113.41 mg·kg^-1）和速效钾含量（210.80±1.61 mg·kg^-1）最高，QH-3容重（1.69±0.13 g·cm^-3）最高，CM-2的有机碳含量（24.13±0.45 g·kg^-1）、有机质含量（41.60±0.76 g·kg^-1）、阳离子交换量（8.89±0.35 cmol⁺·kg^-1）及微生物量碳含量（544.35±2.60 mg·kg^-1）均为最高，DA-2的pH值（6.88±0.05）最高，BT-2的全氮含量（1.83±0.18 g·kg^-1）和微生物量氮含量（54.40±3.31 mg·kg^-1）最高，QH-1的硝态氮含量（53.34±1.12 mg·kg^-1）最高。不同样地土壤质量差异显著，综合得分与排名可有效区分质量等级，HK-2的土壤肥力最优。

【结论】

海南岛油茶主产区不同样地间的土壤物理性质与营养指标存在显著差异。其中，样地HK-2和HK-1的综合土壤功能表现最优，而CM-2、BT-2、HK-2在关键养分指标方面尤为突出。相比之下，样地WZS-1、CM-1、QH-3则存在土壤紧实、养分匮乏或强酸化等问题。研究结果为土壤资源的精准管理、分类修复及可持续利用提供数据支撑。

关键词

海南岛 / 油茶林地土壤 / 土壤特征 / 评价

Abstract

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【Objective】

Through the analysis of soil characteristics in main Camellia oil producing areas in Hainan Island, this paper aims to reveal the geographical distribution characteristics of nutrients in Camellia oil forest soil in Hainan Island, and comprehensively evaluates the soil characteristics and fertility in Camellia oil forest land in Hainan Island.

【Method】

The study measured 15 sample plots from the main Camellia oil production areas in Hainan Island, evaluating key parameters including bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, moisture content (weight/volume), maximum capillary water retention, field water retention, saturated moisture content, soil solid-liquid-gas ratio, pH, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, fast-acting potassium, slow-release potassium, cation exchange capacity, microbial nitrogen biomass, and microbial carbon biomass. Significant differences were analyzed using Duncan's multiple comparisons, visualized through correlation heat maps, and principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to extract principal components. Comprehensive scores were calculated for ranking purposes.

【Result】

The soil samples showed significant variations in moisture content: HK-1 and CM-2 had the highest relative moisture levels (62.54%-67.15%). Among the three phases (solid, liquid, and gas), the HK series (HK-1 and HK-2) contained the lowest proportion of solid matter (39.21%-43.05%) but higher air content (26.48%-30.23%). HK-2 demonstrated the highest total porosity [(60.79±4.48)%], weight moisture content [(32.35±0.65)%], total phosphorus (TP) (1 222.66±113.41 mg·kg^-1), and available potassium (AK) (210.80±1.61 mg·kg^-1). QH-3 recorded the highest bulk density (1.69±0.13 g·cm^-3), while CM-2 showed the highest organic carbon (OC) (24.13±0.45 g·kg^-1), organic matter (OM) (41.60±0.76 g·kg^-1), cation exchange capacity (CEC) (8.89±0.35 cmol⁺·kg^-1), and maximum specific binding capacity (MBC) (544.35±2.60 mg·kg^-1). DA-2 had the highest pH value (6.88±0.05), BT-2 exhibited the highest total nitrogen (TN) (1.83±0.18 g·kg^-1) and maximum binding capacity (MBN) (54.40±3.31 mg·kg^-1), while QH-1 showed the highest nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) (53.34±1.12 mg·kg^-1). Significant differences in soil quality were observed across different sample plots, with comprehensive scoring and ranking effectively distinguishing quality grades, confirming HK-2 as the most fertile.

【Conclusion】

Significant discrepancies in soil physical properties and nutrient profiles were identified across the principal oil-tea camellia cultivation areas of Hainan Island. Among the sampled plots, HK-2 and HK-1 exhibited the most favorable integrated soil functionality, whereas CM-2, BT-2, and HK-2 demonstrated particularly superior performance in key nutrient indicators. In contrast, plots WZS-1, CM-1, and QH-3 were characterized by pronounced soil compaction, nutrient deficiency, or strong acidification. These findings provide a critical scientific foundation for the precision management, targeted amelioration, and sustainable utilization of soil resources in oil-tea camellia production systems..

Key words

Hainan island / Camellia forest soil / soil characteristics / evaluation

引用本文

王鑫, 曾亚红, 符惠娴, 郑宏斌, 陈国德, 苟志辉, 孙秀东, 农寿千, 田蜜. 海南岛油茶主产区林地土壤特征及肥力评价. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (9) : 36 -50 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.004

Xin Wang, Yahong Zeng, Huixian Fu, Hongbin Zheng, Guode Chen, Zhihui Gou, Xiudong Sun, Shouqian Nong, Mi Tian. Evaluation of soil characteristics and fertility in forest land of main Camellia oleifera producing areas in Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (9) : 36 -50 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.004

基金

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海南省省属科研院所技术创新项目(KYYSLK2023-004)
海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202001)

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2026年第46卷第9期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.004

接收时间：2025-08-29
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-09-25

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收稿日期：2025-08-29
修回日期：2025-10-09

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海南省省属科研院所技术创新项目(KYYSLK2023-004)

海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202001)

作者信息

^1.海南省林业科学研究院（海南省红树林研究院），海南　海口　571100

^2.海南文昌森林生态系统定位观测研究站（文昌森林生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站），海南　文昌　571300

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田蜜（mitian@hnaf.ac.cn），高级工程师，硕士。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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