中南林业科技大学学报

杏、杏李、桃远缘杂交胚败育规律及幼胚挽救技术研究

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李金凇 ¹ , 李洪艳 ¹ , 廉诗启 ² , 尹明宇 ³ , 张钰婧 ¹ , 吴锦秋 ¹ , 姜楠 ¹ , 黄浩东 ¹^,⁴ , 凌鹏 ¹ , 乌云塔娜 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(8): 56-67

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (8) : 56 -67

杏、杏李、桃远缘杂交胚败育规律及幼胚挽救技术研究

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李金凇¹, 李洪艳¹, 廉诗启², 尹明宇³, 张钰婧¹, 吴锦秋¹, 姜楠¹, 黄浩东¹^,⁴, 凌鹏¹, 乌云塔娜¹

作者信息

^1.中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所，河南　郑州　450003

^2.丰宁满族自治县林业和草原局，河北　丰宁　068350

^3.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所，广东　广州　510520

^4.中南林业科技大学　林学院，湖南　长沙　410004

通讯作者:

乌云塔娜（tanatanan@163.com），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

作者简介:

李金凇（lijinsong13579@outlook.com），硕士研究生。

Study on embryo abortion regularity and immature embryo rescue technique in distant hybridization of apricot, plumcot and peach

Jinsong Li¹, Hongyan Li¹, Shiqi Lian², Mingyu Yin³, Yujing Zhang¹, Jinqiu Wu¹, Nan Jiang¹, Haodong Huang¹^,⁴, Peng Ling¹, Tana Wuyun¹

Affiliations

^1.Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China

^2.Fengning Manchu Autonomous County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Fengning 068350, Hebei, China

^3.Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China

^4.School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.006

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

探究杏、杏李、桃远缘杂交胚败育发生关键时期和发生规律，为蔷薇科核果类果树远缘杂交胚挽救方法提供理论依据和实践指导。

【方法】

以杏、杏李、桃为母本，设计12个不同的远缘杂交组合，人工控制授粉后观测幼果发育进程，测定不同发育阶段果实大小、坐果率，用荧光染色法观测幼胚存活时间，并将具有活性的幼胚进行芽诱导、增殖和生根培养，探究植物生长调节剂比例，建立蔷薇科核果类果树幼胚挽救技术体系。

【结果】

蔷薇科核果类果树远缘杂交果实发育和幼胚存活时间受不同种母本的影响较大，当普通杏/仁用杏、杏李、桃/普通扁桃/扁桃作为母本时，杂交幼果分别在授粉后12、6和31 d停止生长，在授粉后21、18和38 d开始脱落。蔷薇科核果类果树远缘杂交幼果普遍存在横径生长受阻现象，为对照亲和授粉组合的48.3%～69.0%；‘风味玫瑰’×‘小白杏’等4个组合幼果的纵径生长受阻，为对照亲和授粉组合的52.8%～55.9%；‘中仁3号’×‘晋扁1号’等10个组合幼果的侧径生长受阻，为对照亲和授粉组合的47.2%～74.3%。以‘龙王帽’‘风味玫瑰’‘中油桃4号’‘山桃1号’为母本的7个组合受精时间与对照亲和授粉组合相同，其他组合的受精时间晚于对照亲和授粉组合。胚挽救培养基为：MS基本培养基+2,4-D/IAA（2.0 mg/L）+6-BA（0.5 mg/L）+蔗糖（30 g/L）+琼脂（7 g/L），幼胚挽救率为40.0%。增殖培养基为：MS基本培养基+6-BA（1.0 mg/L）+蔗糖（30 g/L）+琼脂（7 g/L），平均生长的新芽数为30.5个。根诱导培养基为：WPM基本培养基+NAA（0.5 mg/L）+蔗糖（20 g/L）+琼脂（7 g/L），平均生根数为25.5个。

【结论】

母本基因型显著影响蔷薇科核果类果树远缘杂交幼果停止生长和落果时间以及幼胚存活时间，杏、杏李和桃作为母本的杂交幼胚挽救的关键时期分别为授粉后12～18、6～15和12～30 d，其中‘龙王帽’‘风味玫瑰’和‘中油桃4号’作为母本时幼胚挽救成功率较高，2,4-D、IAA、6-BA和NAA可作为胚挽救过程中重要的植物生长调节剂。

关键词

杏 / 杏李 / 桃 / 远缘杂交 / 胚败育 / 胚挽救

Abstract

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【Objective】

To explore the critical periods and occurrence patterns of embryo abortion during distant hybridization among apricot, plumcot, and peach, and to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for embryo rescue methods in Rosaceae stone fruit trees.

【Method】

Twelve distant hybrid combinations were designed using apricot, plumcot, and peach as female parents. Following controlled artificial pollination, the developmental progression of young fruits was monitored, fruit size and fruit set rates at different developmental stages were recorded. The survival time of immature embryos was assessed using fluorescent staining. Viable immature embryos were subjected to bud induction, proliferation, and rooting cultures. Different plant growth regulator combinations were evaluated to establish an effective immature embryo rescue system for Rosaceae stone fruit trees.

【Result】

Fruit development and immature embryo survival time in distant hybridization of Rosaceae stone fruit trees were significantly influenced by the female parent species. In hybrid combinations with common apricot or kernel apricot, plumcot, and peach, common almond, or almond as female parents, fruit growth ceased at 12, 6, and 31 days after pollination, respectively, and fruit drop began at 21, 18, and 38 days after pollination. Distant hybrid young fruits of Rosaceae stone fruit trees commonly exhibited prevented transverse diameter growth, occurring in 48.3%-69.0% of cases compared with compatible pollination controls. In addition, prevented vertical diameter growth was observed in young fruits of four combinations such as ‘Fengweimeigui’ × ‘Xiaobaixing’, with an incidence of 52.8%-55.9%, while prevented side diameter growth was noted in young fruits of ten combinations such as ‘Zhongren 3’ × ‘Jinbian 1’, occurring in 47.2%-74.3% of cases relative to controls. Seven hybrid combinations, with ‘Longwangmao’, ‘Fengweimeigui’, ‘Zhongyoutao 4’, and ‘Shantao 1’ as female parents, showed fertilization timing similar to that of compatible controls, whereas the remaining combinations exhibited delayed fertilization. The optimal embryo rescue medium consisted of MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D or IAA (2.0 mg/L), 6-BA (0.5 mg/L), sucrose (30 g/L), and agar (7 g/L), with 40.0% of the rescue rate of immature embryos. The proliferation medium comprised MS basal medium supplemented with 6-BA (1.0 mg/L), sucrose (30 g/L), and agar (7 g/L), with 30.5 of the average of new buds. The rooting medium consisted of WPM basal medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/L), sucrose (20 g/L), and agar (7 g/L), with 25.5 of the average of roots.

【Conclusion】

The female parent genotypes significantly affect the time when young fruits stop growing and drop, as well as the survival time of immature embryos in distant hybridization of Rosaceae stone fruit trees. The optimal periods for immature embryo rescue, when apricot, plumcot, and peach are used as female parents, are 12-18, 6-15, and 12-30 days after pollination, respectively. Among these, combinations using ‘Longwangmao’, ‘Fengweimeigui’, and ‘Zhongyoutao 4’ as female parents show relatively higher success rates in embryo rescue. Plant growth regulators such as 2,4-D, IAA, 6-BA, and NAA serve as critical additives during embryo rescue.

Key words

apricot / plumcot / peach / distant hybridization / embryo abortion / embryo rescue

引用本文

李金凇, 李洪艳, 廉诗启, 尹明宇, 张钰婧, 吴锦秋, 姜楠, 黄浩东, 凌鹏, 乌云塔娜. 杏、杏李、桃远缘杂交胚败育规律及幼胚挽救技术研究. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (8) : 56 -67 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.006

Jinsong Li, Hongyan Li, Shiqi Lian, Mingyu Yin, Yujing Zhang, Jinqiu Wu, Nan Jiang, Haodong Huang, Peng Ling, Tana Wuyun. Study on embryo abortion regularity and immature embryo rescue technique in distant hybridization of apricot, plumcot and peach[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (8) : 56 -67 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.006

基金

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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2024QG002)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZY0167)

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2026年第46卷第8期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.006

接收时间：2025-12-09
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-08-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-12-09
修回日期：2026-03-03

基金

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2024QG002)

中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZY0167)

作者信息

^1.中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所，河南　郑州　450003

^2.丰宁满族自治县林业和草原局，河北　丰宁　068350

^3.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所，广东　广州　510520

^4.中南林业科技大学　林学院，湖南　长沙　410004

通讯作者:

乌云塔娜（tanatanan@163.com），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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