中南林业科技大学学报

慈竹不同无性系开花生物学特性研究

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沈之琳 ¹^,² , 赵丹丹 ³ , 袁金玲 ¹ , 杨力帆 ¹ , 赵雅 ¹ , 温碧霞 ¹^,² , 王继业 ¹ , 马婧瑕 ³ , 岳晋军 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 生物学 2026,46(9): 209-218

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中南林业科技大学学报 |生物学 2026 , 46 (9) : 209 -218

慈竹不同无性系开花生物学特性研究

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沈之琳¹^,², 赵丹丹³, 袁金玲¹, 杨力帆¹, 赵雅¹, 温碧霞¹^,², 王继业¹, 马婧瑕³, 岳晋军¹

作者信息

^1.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所　全省林木育种重点实验室，浙江　杭州　311400

^2.黑龙江八一农垦大学，黑龙江　大庆　163319

^3.安吉竹子博览园有限责任公司，浙江　安吉　313300

通讯作者:

岳晋军（yuejinjun@163.com），副研究员，博士。

作者简介:

沈之琳（3226571035@qq.com），硕士研究生。

Research on the flowering biological characteristics of different clones of Bambusa emeiensis

Zhilin Shen¹^,², Dandan Zhao³, Jinling Yuan¹, Lifan Yang¹, Ya Zhao¹, Bixia Wen¹^,², Jiye Wang¹, Jingxia Ma³, Jinjun Yue¹

Affiliations

^1.Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China

^2.Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China

^3.Anji Bamboo Expo Park Co., Ltd., Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China

出版时间: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.019

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

通过对慈竹开花生物学特性开展系统性研究，明确竹类植物在人工栽培条件下的开花规律，为有效开展慈竹杂交育种工作提供科学依据。

【方法】

以移栽于杭州的2个慈竹Bambusa emeiensis无性系DTW和JJS为研究对象，采用野外观测法观察2个慈竹无性系的开花林相及开花物候；通过解剖小穗，观察并记录花器官形态结构；采用碘-碘化钾法与离体萌发测定法检测花粉活力，利用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测柱头可授性；通过估算花粉胚珠比（P/O），分析2个无性系的繁育特征。

【结果】

1）2个慈竹无性系的花期相同，盛花期均为5月中旬至8月初，之后2周仍有部分小花开放。2）DTW无性系的小穗呈紫褐色；JJS无性系的小穗呈紫褐色，略带绿色。DTW无性系花药长度为（5.48±0.55）mm，颜色呈黄褐色；JJS无性系花药长度为（4.51±0.32）mm，呈鲜红色。3）慈竹DTW和JJS无性系的花粉活力和萌发率在花药完全露出时达到峰值，在5月和7月可达最佳花粉活力，花粉活力占比分别为75.2%和79.2%；在6月和7月可达最佳萌发率，萌发良好率分别为5.1%和4.9%。4）2个无性系均表现为在花药散粉时柱头可授性最强。5）人工授粉后DTW无性系结实率可达4.00%，JJS无性系可达2.67%，自然授粉条件下原产地和移栽地均未发现结实现象。

【结论】

2个慈竹无性系的开花特性存在差异，在相同环境条件下开花不同步。DTW无性系适宜在6月进行授粉，JJS无性系适宜在7月进行授粉，但2个无性系均具有一定育性。2个慈竹无性系的整体育性较低，但可作为育种材料。

关键词

慈竹 / 开花生物学 / 繁育系统 / 结实率

Abstract

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【Objective】

A systematic study was conducted on the flowering biological characteristics of Bambusa emeiensis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung to clarify the flowering rhythm of bamboo species under artificial cultivation conditions, so as to provide a scientific basis for the effective implementation of cross-breeding of Bambusa emeiensis.

【Method】

Two clonal lines of Bambusa emeiensis, DTW and JJS, transplanted in Hangzhou were used as research materials. The forest appearance and flowering phenology of the two clones were observed via field investigation. The morphological structure of floral organs was observed and recorded by dissecting spikelets. Pollen viability was detected using the iodine-potassium iodide (I₂ - KI) staining method and in vitro germination assay, while stigma receptivity was examined with the benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The breeding characteristics of the two clones were analyzed by estimating the pollen-ovule ratio (P/O).

【Result】

1) The two clones of B. emeiensis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung exhibited identical flowering periods, with full bloom from mid-May to early August, and a few florets continued to open for another two weeks thereafter; 2) The spikelets of the DTW clone are purple - brown overall, while those of the JJS clone are purple-brown with a slight green tint. The anthers of the DTW clone are 5.48±0.55 mm long and yellowish-brown, while those of the JJS clone are 4.51±0.32 mm long and bright red; 3) The pollen viability and germination rate of both the DTW and JJS clones reach their peaks when the anthers are completely exposed. The optimal pollen viability is achieved in May and July, with the proportions of strong pollen viability being 75.2% and 79.2% respectively. The optimal germination rates are achieved in June and July, with the proportions of good germination being 4.3% and 4.9% respectively; 4) Both clones exhibited the strongest stigma receptivity during anther dehiscence; 5) Under artificial pollination, the seed-setting rate reached 4.00% for DTW and 2.67% for JJS, while no seed-setting was observed under natural pollination conditions in either their original habitats or transplanted habitats.

【Conclusion】

The flowering characteristics of the two clones of B. emeiensis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung are different, and their flowering is not synchronized under the same environmental conditions. The DTW clone is suitable for pollination in June, while the JJS clone is suitable for pollination in July, but both clones possess a certain degree of fertility. Although the overall fertility of the two clones is relatively low, they can still serve as breeding materials.

Key words

Bambusa emeiensis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung / flowering biology / breeding system / seed setting rate

引用本文

沈之琳, 赵丹丹, 袁金玲, 杨力帆, 赵雅, 温碧霞, 王继业, 马婧瑕, 岳晋军. 慈竹不同无性系开花生物学特性研究. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (9) : 209 -218 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.019

Zhilin Shen, Dandan Zhao, Jinling Yuan, Lifan Yang, Ya Zhao, Bixia Wen, Jiye Wang, Jingxia Ma, Jinjun Yue. Research on the flowering biological characteristics of different clones of Bambusa emeiensis[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (9) : 209 -218 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.019

基金

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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2201901)

参考文献

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2026年第46卷第9期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.019

接收时间：2025-08-23
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-09-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-08-23
修回日期：2025-12-22

基金

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2201901)

作者信息

^1.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所　全省林木育种重点实验室，浙江　杭州　311400

^2.黑龙江八一农垦大学，黑龙江　大庆　163319

^3.安吉竹子博览园有限责任公司，浙江　安吉　313300

通讯作者:

岳晋军（yuejinjun@163.com），副研究员，博士。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/znlykj/CN/10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.019

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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