中南林业科技大学学报

宜机化施肥对4个主推油茶品种光合效率、产量及油脂品质的影响

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王浩宇 ¹ , 罗静扬 ¹ , 谢俊成 ¹ , 刘佳 ¹ , 陈隆升 ² , 曹中宇 ¹ , 彭仁荣 ¹ , 刘彩霞 ² , 卢世魁 ³ , 廖凯 ¹ , 李泽 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(9): 62-72

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (9) : 62 -72

宜机化施肥对4个主推油茶品种光合效率、产量及油脂品质的影响

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王浩宇¹, 罗静扬¹, 谢俊成¹, 刘佳¹, 陈隆升², 曹中宇¹, 彭仁荣¹, 刘彩霞², 卢世魁³, 廖凯¹, 李泽¹

作者信息

^1.中南林业科技大学　a. 木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室；b. 长沙市木本油料提质增效技术创新中心；c. 岳麓山实验室经济林品种创制中心；d. 经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室；e. 湖南省“一带一路”热带干旱经济林国际联合研究中心；f. 湖南省南方丘陵山地生态经济林产业工程技术研究中心；g. 湖南芦头森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，湖南　长沙　410004

^2.湖南省林业科学院　a. 木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室；b. 国家油茶工程技术研究中心，湖南　长沙　410004

^3.湖南大果油茶研究院有限公司，湖南　长沙　410203

通讯作者:

李泽（lize1853@163.com），教授，博士，硕士研究生导师。

作者简介:

王浩宇（1036061394@qq.com），硕士研究生。

Effects of autumn fertilization on photosynthetic efficiency, oil quality and yield of four main Camellia oleifera cultivars

Haoyu Wang¹, Jingyang Luo¹, Juncheng Xie¹, Jia Liu¹, Longsheng Chen², Zhongyu Cao¹, Renrong Peng¹, Caixia Liu², Shikui Lu³, Kai Liao¹, Ze Li¹

Affiliations

^1.a. State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization; b. Changsha Technical Innovation Center for Quality and Efficiency Improvement of Woody Oil Crops; c. Economic Forest Variety Creation Center of Yuelu Mountain Laboratory; d. Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Cultivation and Protection, Ministry of Education; e. Hunan International Joint Research Center for Tropical and Arid Economic Forests Under the Belt and Road Initiative; f. Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Economic Forest Industry in Southern Hilly and Mountainous Areas; g. Luto National Fixed Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

^2.a. State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization; b. National Engineering Research Center for Camellia oleifera, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

^3.Hunan Daguo Camellia Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha 410203, Hunan, China

出版时间: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.006

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

针对油茶林经营存在低产低效、人工成本高等产业问题，研究秋季宜机化施肥对湖南省4个主推油茶品种的光合碳同化能力、油脂合成及产量的调控效应，为提高油茶产量、品质及精准施肥提供参考依据。

【方法】

以‘华硕’‘华金’‘华鑫’和‘湘林210’14年生油茶林为试验材料，于2024年9月下旬开展宜机化施肥试验，设置复合肥（CF）、磷钾肥（PP）及不施肥（CK）3种处理，10月下旬采摘前及12月上旬测定光合气体交换参数（净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、水分利用效率等）、叶绿素含量、单位面积产量、果实含油率及脂肪酸组成。

【结果】

与CK相比，10月下旬CF处理的各品种油茶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、水分利用效率、种仁含油率、油酸比例、亚油酸比例及总多酚含量均提高，尤其是‘华鑫’和‘华金’2个品种的叶绿素含量显著提升（P<0.05），‘华鑫’‘华硕’‘湘林210’的净光合速率和水分利用效率也显著提高（P<0.05）；PP处理可极显著提升‘华硕’和‘湘林210’2个晚熟品种的叶绿素含量（P<0.05），可促进‘华鑫’‘华金’‘湘林210’亚油酸的合成，并对‘湘林210’油茶产量提升显著。12月上旬，与CK相比，CF处理持续显著提升‘华金’‘华硕’‘湘林210’叶绿素含量，各品种油茶均维持较高净光合速率和水分利用效率；PP处理对‘华硕’和‘湘林210’2个晚熟品种的叶绿素含量提升显著（P<0.05）。

【结论】

秋季施复合肥（CF）可显著提升油茶光合效率、叶绿素含量及油脂品质，为最优施肥方案；磷钾肥（PP）显著影响‘华鑫’‘华金’‘湘林210’亚油酸合成、产量及种仁含油率。综上所述，优先施用复合肥，依据品种特性可在采果前加施磷钾肥。

关键词

油茶 / 施肥 / 光合效率 / 脂肪酸组成 / 产量

Abstract

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【Objective】

Aiming at the industrial problems of low yield, low efficiency and high labor cost in the management of Camellia oleifera forests, this study explored the regulatory effects of mechanized fertilization in autumn on photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity, oil synthesis and yield of four major promoted C. oleifera cultivars in Hunan Province, so as to provide a theoretical and technical basis for yield and quality improvement as well as precision fertilization of C. oleifera.

【Method】

Fourteen-year-old C. oleifera forests of four cultivars, namely ‘Huashuo’, ‘Huajin’, ‘Huaxin’ and ‘Xianglin 210’, were selected as test materials. The mechanized fertilization experiment was conducted in late September 2024. Three treatments were set up, including compound fertilizer (CF), phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (PP) and no-fertilizer control (CK). Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, water use efficiency, etc.), chlorophyll content, yield per unit area, fruit oil content and fatty acid composition were determined in late October before fruit harvesting and early December.

【Result】

Compared with CK, CF treatment increases the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, water use efficiency, kernel oil content, oleic acid proportion, linoleic acid proportion and total polyphenol content of all C. oleifera cultivars in late October. In particular, the chlorophyll content of ‘Huaxin’ and ‘Huajin’ is significantly improved (P<0.05), and the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency values of ‘Huaxin’, ‘Huashuo’ and ‘Xianglin 210’ also rise significantly (P<0.05). PP treatment extremely and significantly enhances the chlorophyll content of two late-maturing cultivars (‘Huashuo’ and ‘Xianglin 210’) (P<0.05), promotes linoleic acid synthesis in ‘Huaxin’, ‘Huajin’ and ‘Xianglin 210’, and markedly improves the yield of ‘Xianglin 210’. In early December, compared with CK, CF treatment continuously and significantly increases the chlorophyll content of ‘Huajin’, ‘Huashuo’ and ‘Xianglin 210’, and all cultivars maintain high levels of net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. PP treatment sustainably elevates the chlorophyll content of the two late-maturing cultivars ‘Huashuo’ and ‘Xianglin 210’ with significant differences (P<0.05).

【Conclusion】

Autumn application of compound fertilizer (CF) significantly improves the photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content and oil quality of C. oleifera, which is regarded as the optimal fertilization scheme. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (PP) exerts remarkable effects on linoleic acid synthesis, yield and kernel oil content of ‘Huaxin’, ‘Huajin’ and ‘Xianglin 210’. In summary, compound fertilizer is recommended as the first choice for field application, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer can be additionally applied before fruit harvesting according to the botanical characteristics of specific cultivars.

Key words

Camellia oleifera / fertilization / photosynthetic efficiency / fatty acid composition / yield

引用本文

王浩宇, 罗静扬, 谢俊成, 刘佳, 陈隆升, 曹中宇, 彭仁荣, 刘彩霞, 卢世魁, 廖凯, 李泽. 宜机化施肥对4个主推油茶品种光合效率、产量及油脂品质的影响. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (9) : 62 -72 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.006

Haoyu Wang, Jingyang Luo, Juncheng Xie, Jia Liu, Longsheng Chen, Zhongyu Cao, Renrong Peng, Caixia Liu, Shikui Lu, Kai Liao, Ze Li. Effects of autumn fertilization on photosynthetic efficiency, oil quality and yield of four main Camellia oleifera cultivars[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (9) : 62 -72 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.006

基金

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湖南省2024年度十大技术攻关项目(2024NK1020)
湖南省林业局油茶产业科研示范项目(2024LYCY0003)

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2026年第46卷第9期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.006

接收时间：2025-08-18
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-09-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-08-18
修回日期：2025-11-10

基金

湖南省2024年度十大技术攻关项目(2024NK1020)

湖南省林业局油茶产业科研示范项目(2024LYCY0003)

作者信息

^2.湖南省林业科学院　a. 木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室；b. 国家油茶工程技术研究中心，湖南　长沙　410004

^3.湖南大果油茶研究院有限公司，湖南　长沙　410203

通讯作者:

李泽（lize1853@163.com），教授，博士，硕士研究生导师。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/znlykj/CN/10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.09.006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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