中南林业科技大学学报

林木多倍体育种研究进展及展望

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张琳 , 刘庆雅

中南林业科技大学学报 | 特稿 2026,46(7): 1-12

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中南林业科技大学学报 |特稿 2026 , 46 (7) : 1 -12

林木多倍体育种研究进展及展望

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张琳, 刘庆雅

作者信息

中南林业科技大学　a. 木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室；b. 岳麓山实验室品种创制中心；c. 经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410004

作者简介:

张琳（triwoodtim918@126.com），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

Research progress and prospects of forest polyploid breeding

Lin Zhang, Qingya Liu

Affiliations

^a.State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization; b. Yuelushan Laboratory Non-wood Forests Variety Innovation Center; c. Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.001

文章导航

摘要

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多倍体育种是创制林木新品种、培育优良种质的重要途径之一。本综述系统综述了近年来国内外利用物理、化学和生物等方法诱导林木多倍体的研究进展：物理方法以温度激变、机械损伤为代表，操作便捷，但存在诱导效率偏低、可控性较差的问题；化学方法以秋水仙素处理为代表，技术成熟、应用最广，是目前林木多倍体创制的主流方法，但仍存在嵌合体发生率偏高和处理后恢复周期较长等问题；生物方法（如原生质体融合和胚乳培养等）近年来发展迅速，在克服远缘不亲和及生殖隔离、缩短育种周期方面展现出独特优势。当前林木多倍体育种研究主要集中于杨树、桉树等代表树种，通过多种途径已成功获得同源四倍体与三倍体植株。多倍体植株表现出器官巨大特性，纤维长度与木材材性显著改良，并显示出较强的抗逆性。未来应进一步优化3类方法的协同应用模式，同时积极探索基因编辑等新兴技术在多倍体创制中的应用潜力，推动林木多倍体育种向高效化与精准化方向发展。

关键词

林木 / 多倍体育种 / 诱导方法 / 鉴定方法

Abstract

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Polyploid breeding is one of the important ways to create new varieties of forest trees and cultivate excellent germplasm. This article systematically reviewed recent advances in the induction of polyploidy in forest trees using physical, chemical, and biological methods both domestically and internationally. The physical method is represented by temperature change and mechanical damage, which is easy to operate, but has the problems of low induction rate and poor controllability. Colchicine treatment, as the representative of chemical methods, is the most mature and widely used method. It is the mainstream method for polyploid creation of forest trees. However, high chimerism incidence and prolonged recovery time post-treatment remain major drawbacks. Biological methods such as protoplast fusion and endosperm culture have developed rapidly in recent years, showing unique advantages in overcoming distant incompatibility and reproductive isolation and shortening the breeding cycle. At present, the research on polyploid breeding of forest trees mainly focuses on representative tree species such as poplar and eucalyptus, and homologous tetraploid and triploid plants have been successfully obtained through various methods. Polyploid plants exhibit giant organs, significantly improved fiber length and wood properties, as well as enhanced stress resistance. In the future, the collaborative application mode of the three methods should be further optimized, and the application potential of emerging technologies such as gene editing in polyploid creation should be actively explored to promote the development of forest polyploid breeding in the direction of high efficiency and precision.

Key words

forest / polyploid breeding / induction method / identification method

引用本文

张琳, 刘庆雅. 林木多倍体育种研究进展及展望. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (7) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.001

Lin Zhang, Qingya Liu. Research progress and prospects of forest polyploid breeding[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (7) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.001

基金

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岳麓山实验室种业专项(YLS-2025-ZY02049)

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2026年第46卷第7期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.001

接收时间：2026-05-26
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-07-25

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收稿日期：2026-05-26
修回日期：2026-06-30

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岳麓山实验室种业专项(YLS-2025-ZY02049)

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中南林业科技大学　a. 木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室；b. 岳麓山实验室品种创制中心；c. 经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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