中南林业科技大学学报

施肥方式对油茶树体养分及果实经济性状的影响

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廖康平 ¹^,² , 邹中华 ³ , 王毓曼 ⁴ , 张运煜 ⁵ , 廖志鹏 ¹ , 谢琳 ¹ , 何姝瑾 ¹ , 胡冬南 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(6): 56-69

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (6) : 56 -69

施肥方式对油茶树体养分及果实经济性状的影响

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廖康平¹^,², 邹中华³, 王毓曼⁴, 张运煜⁵, 廖志鹏¹, 谢琳¹, 何姝瑾¹, 胡冬南¹

作者信息

^1.江西农业大学　亚热带森林资源培育江西省重点实验室/林学院，江西　南昌　330045

^2.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所　林木遗传育种国家重点实验室，北京　100091

^3.江西省新余市林业局，江西　新余　336500

^4.广西壮族自治区柳州生态环境监测中心，广西　柳州　545000

^5.新余市林业发展服务中心，江西　新余　338000

通讯作者:

胡冬南（dnhu98@163.com），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

作者简介:

廖康平（kpl15259551385@icloud.com），硕士研究生。

Effect of fertilization methods on nutrients and fruit economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera

Kangping LIAO¹^,², Zhonghua ZOU³, Yuman WANG⁴, Yunyu ZHANG⁵, Zhipeng LIAO¹, Lin XIE¹, Shujin HE¹, Dongnan HU¹

Affiliations

^1.a. College of Forestry; b. Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China

^2.Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China

^3.Xinyu City Forestry Bureau, Xinyu 336500, Jiangxi, China

^4.China Liuzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi, China

^5.Xinyu Forestry Development Service Center, Xinyu 338000, Jiangxi, China

出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.006

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

明确施肥方式对油茶树体养分及果实经济性状的影响，探明树体养分与果实经济性状之间的关系，找出适合油茶林地的施肥方式。

【方法】

以‘赣兴48’@@@油茶为试验材料，设置穴施（D）、沟施（G）2种施肥处理，以不施肥为对照（CK），调查油茶叶、果、根、花芽养分含量及果实经济性状，构建偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM），分析树体养分与果实经济性状的关系，以及施肥方式对树体养分和果实经济性状的影响。

【结果】

与CK相比，穴施处理果形指数更趋近于1，穴施、沟施鲜果质量分别提高了21.51%、9.00%，鲜果出油率分别提高了22.21%、24.67%，单株产油量分别提高了33.12%、41.23%；随生长时间的延长，氮、钾养分逐渐积累；磷由叶、果、根逐渐转移至花芽；根和花芽可溶性糖转移逐渐至果实；可溶性淀粉含量整体呈先下降后上升的趋势。施肥可促进各器官氮、钾及可溶性淀粉的积累，提高春梢生长期根、叶、果磷含量，促进叶、果可溶性糖积累，缓解根和花芽可溶性糖消耗；偏最小二乘路径模型结果显示，沟施主要在油脂转化期提高果实养分、降低叶片养分，穴施主要在春梢快速生长期降低叶片养分，在果实生长高峰期提高根部养分进而改善果实经济性状。主成分分析结果显示，5个果实质量指标、2个含水率指标、果形指数、鲜果含油率、干籽含油率和产油量是评价施肥效果的主要指标，累计贡献率为88.79%，综合得分由高到低为穴施>沟施>对照。

【结论】

穴施通过影响不同时期油茶树体养分从而改善果实经济性状，是更适合油茶林地的施肥方式。

关键词

施肥方式 / 油茶 / 树体养分 / 果实 / 偏最小二乘路径模型 / 主成分分析

Abstract

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【Objective】

To clarify the impact of fertilization methods on the nutrients and economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera, explore the relationship between nutrients and fruit economic characteristics, and to identify suitable fertilization methods for Camellia oleifera forests.

【Method】

Using ‘Ganxing 48’@@@ Camellia oleifera as the material, three fertilization treatments were set up: hole fertilization (D), furrow fertilization (G), and no fertilization (CK). The nutrient content and fruit economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera leaves, fruits, roots, and flower buds were investigated, and a partial least squares path model was constructed to analyze the relationship between tree nutrients and fruit economic characteristics as well as the influence of fertilization methods on tree nutrients and fruit economic characteristics.

【Result】

Compared with CK, the fruit shape index of the hole application treatment is closer to 1, and the quality of fresh fruits increased by 21.51% and 9.00%, respectively. The oil yield of fresh fruits increased by 22.21% and 24.67% respectively, and the oil production per plant increased by 33.12% and 41.23% respectively; With the extension of growth time, N and K nutrients gradually accumulate as a whole; P nutrients gradually transfer from leaves, fruits, and roots to flower buds. The soluble sugars in roots and flower buds gradually transfer to the fruit; The overall trend of soluble starch content is decreasing and increasing. Fertilization can promote the accumulation of N, K and soluble starch in various organs, increase P content in roots, leaves, and fruits during the growth period of spring shoots, promote the accumulation of soluble sugars in leaves and fruits, and alleviate the consumption of soluble sugars in roots and flower buds. The results of the PLS-PM show that G mainly increases fruit nutrients and reduces leaf nutrients during the oil conversion period, while D mainly reduces leaf nutrients during the rapid growth period of spring shoots and increases root nutrients during the peak fruit growth period, thereby improving fruit economic traits. The results of PCA showed that 5 fruit quality indicators, 2 moisture content indicators, fruit shape index, fresh fruit oil content, dry seed oil content, and oil production were the main indicators for evaluating the fertilization effect, with a cumulative contribution rate of 88.79%. The comprehensive score from high to low was D>G>CK.

【Conclusion】

Hole fertilization is a more suitable fertilization method for Camellia oleifera forests, as it improves fruit economic characteristics by affecting the nutrients of Camellia oleifera at different stages.

Key words

fertilization methods / Camellia oleifera / tree nutrients / fruit / PLS-PM / PCA

引用本文

廖康平, 邹中华, 王毓曼, 张运煜, 廖志鹏, 谢琳, 何姝瑾, 胡冬南. 施肥方式对油茶树体养分及果实经济性状的影响. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (6) : 56 -69 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.006

Kangping LIAO, Zhonghua ZOU, Yuman WANG, Yunyu ZHANG, Zhipeng LIAO, Lin XIE, Shujin HE, Dongnan HU. Effect of fertilization methods on nutrients and fruit economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (6) : 56 -69 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.006

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(32060362)
中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(JXTG〔2023〕12号)
江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(20223BBF61012)

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2026年第46卷第6期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.006

接收时间：2025-06-16
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-06-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-06-16
修回日期：2025-10-15

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(32060362)

中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(JXTG〔2023〕12号)

江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(20223BBF61012)

作者信息

^1.江西农业大学　亚热带森林资源培育江西省重点实验室/林学院，江西　南昌　330045

^2.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所　林木遗传育种国家重点实验室，北京　100091

^3.江西省新余市林业局，江西　新余　336500

^4.广西壮族自治区柳州生态环境监测中心，广西　柳州　545000

^5.新余市林业发展服务中心，江西　新余　338000

通讯作者:

胡冬南（dnhu98@163.com），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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