中南林业科技大学学报

云南栘[木衣]果实变异类型划分及优良类型筛选

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梁敬凯 ¹ , 张新洛 ¹ , 李菊彩 ² , 王大玮 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(10): 92-101

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (10) : 92 -101

云南栘[木衣]果实变异类型划分及优良类型筛选

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梁敬凯¹, 张新洛¹, 李菊彩², 王大玮¹

作者信息

^1.西南林业大学　a. 林学院；b. 西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室；c. 云南省高校林木遗传改良与繁育重点实验室，云南　昆明　650224

^2.昆明市西山林场，云南　昆明　650100

通讯作者:

王大玮（wangdawei@swfu.edu.cn），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

李菊彩（1131352127@qq.com），林业工程师。

作者简介:

梁敬凯（liangjingkai@swfu.edu.cn），硕士研究生。

Classification of fruit variation types and screening of superior types of Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. in Lancang County, China

Jingkai Liang¹, Xinluo Zhang¹, Jucai Li², Dawei Wang¹

Affiliations

^1.a. School of Forestry; b. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources; c. Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding of Forest Trees in Yunnan Universities, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

^2.Xishan Forest Farm, Kunming 650100, Yunnan, China

出版时间: 2026-10-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.10.008

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摘要

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【目的】

通过对云南栘[木衣]果实的表型性状和有效成分进行测定分析，筛选出优良的变异类型，为云南栘良种选育提供理论依据。

【方法】

以澜沧拉祜族自治县（以下简写为澜沧县）云南栘果实为研究对象，根据果实大小、形状和颜色将其划分为12种变异类型，并测定总酸、总糖、单宁、黄酮、粗蛋白、维生素C和粗纤维7种有效成分含量。通过主成分分析、相关性分析、分值赋予法和综合评分法对12种类型进行综合评价。

【结果】

基于果实表型性状（果实大小、果实形状、果实颜色）的变异特征，将其划分为12种变异类型（小球黄型、小球红黄型、小椭圆黄型、小椭圆红黄型、中球黄型、中球红黄型、中椭圆黄型、中椭圆红黄型、大球黄型、大球红黄型、大椭圆黄型、大椭圆红黄型）。通过果实有效成分测定分析（总酸、总糖、单宁、黄酮、粗蛋白、维生素C、粗纤维），发现各性状均存在显著变异，变异系数依次为黄酮（39.92%）>总糖（27.25%）>粗纤维（20.83%）>维生素C（18.42%）>粗蛋白（12.50%）>总酸（10.39%）>单宁（2.31%）。相关性分析结果显示，黄酮、维生素C及总糖含量均与果实横径、纵径、单果质量和果形指数呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果进一步表明，单果质量、横径、纵径、总糖和黄酮是影响果实形态变异的主要指标，累计贡献率达70.795%。基于主成分的排序结果显示，PC1与PC2能够清晰地区分“大、中、小”3类果型，各类果型内部聚集度高且分类边界明显。采用分值赋予法得到的“大型果>中型果>小型果”品质排序结果，与PCA分析结论一致。

【结论】

云南栘果实具有丰富的表型和有效成分变异，对12种类型进行鉴定筛选，筛选出4个优良类型，可为云南栘良种选育和资源开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词

云南栘[木衣] / 类型划分 / 果实性状变异 / 优良类型筛选

Abstract

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【Objective】

This study screened superior variant types through phenotypic trait analysis and measurement of nutritionally valuable components in the fruits of Docynia delavayi, providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-quality Docynia delavayi cultivars.

【Method】

Taking the fruits of Docynia delavayi from Lancang County as the subject of study, twelve variant types were classified based on fruit size, shape, and color. Seven nutritional components—total acidity, total sugars, tannins, flavonoids, crude protein, vitamin C, and crude fiber—were measured. Comprehensive evaluation of the twelve types was conducted using principal component analysis, correlation analysis, score assignment method, and integrated scoring method.

【Result】

Based on the variation characteristics of fruit phenotypic traits (fruit size, fruit shape, fruit color), these are categorized into 12 variation types: small globular yellow type, small globular red-yellow type, small oval yellow type, small oval red-yellow type, medium globular yellow type, medium globular red-yellow type, medium oval yellow type, medium oval red-yellow type, large globular yellow type, large red-yellow type, large oval yellow type, large oval red-yellow type). Analysis of fruit constituents (total acidity, total sugars, tannins, flavonoids, crude protein, vitamin C, crude fiber) revealed significant variation across all traits. The coefficients of variation were as follows: flavonoids (39.92%)>total sugars (27.25%)>crude fiber (20.83%)>vitamin C (18.42%)>crude protein (12.50%)>total acidity (10.39%)>tannin (2.31%). Correlation analysis revealed extremely significant positive correlations between flavonoid, vitamin C, and total sugar content with fruit transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, individual fruit weight, and fruit shape index. Principal component analysis further indicated that individual fruit weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, total sugar, and flavonoids were the primary indicators influencing fruit morphological variation, cumulatively accounting for 70.795% of the variance. Principal component-based ranking revealed that PC1 and PC2 clearly distinguished the ‘large, medium, and small’ fruit size categories, with high internal clustering and distinct classification boundaries within each category. The quality ranking obtained using the score assignment method—‘large fruit>medium fruit>small fruit’—was consistent with the PCA analysis conclusions.

【Conclusion】

The fruits of Docynia delavayi exhibit rich phenotypic variation and nutritional bioactive compounds. Twelve types were identified and screened, yielding four superior types. This provides a scientific basis for the breeding of high-quality Docynia delavayi cultivars and the development and utilization of its resources.

Key words

Docynia delavayi / type classification / fruit trait variation / superior type screening

引用本文

梁敬凯, 张新洛, 李菊彩, 王大玮. 云南栘[木衣]果实变异类型划分及优良类型筛选. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (10) : 92 -101 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.10.008

Jingkai Liang, Xinluo Zhang, Jucai Li, Dawei Wang. Classification of fruit variation types and screening of superior types of Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. in Lancang County, China[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (10) : 92 -101 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.10.008

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(32460401)

参考文献

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参考文献引证文献

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2026年第46卷第10期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.10.008

接收时间：2025-10-10
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-10-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-10-10
修回日期：2026-01-04

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(32460401)

作者信息

^1.西南林业大学　a. 林学院；b. 西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室；c. 云南省高校林木遗传改良与繁育重点实验室，云南　昆明　650224

^2.昆明市西山林场，云南　昆明　650100

通讯作者:

王大玮（wangdawei@swfu.edu.cn），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

李菊彩（1131352127@qq.com），林业工程师。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/znlykj/CN/10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.10.008

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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