中南林业科技大学学报

蒙古栎种质资源叶表型多样性分析

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许诺 ¹ , 彭儒胜 ² , 尹杰 ² , 雷鸣雷 ³ , 亢士婷 ¹ , 张晓林 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(8): 100-109

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (8) : 100 -109

蒙古栎种质资源叶表型多样性分析

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许诺¹, 彭儒胜², 尹杰², 雷鸣雷³, 亢士婷¹, 张晓林¹

作者信息

^1.沈阳农业大学　辽宁省森林培育重点实验室，辽宁　沈阳　110866

^2.辽宁省杨树研究所，辽宁　营口　115213

^3.朝阳市林业和草原事务服务中心，辽宁　朝阳　122000

通讯作者:

张晓林（zxlsyau@syau.edu.cn），副教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

作者简介:

许诺（654508286@qq.com），硕士研究生。

Leaf phenotypic diversity analysis of Quercus mongolica germplasm resources

Nuo Xu¹, Rusheng Peng², Jie Yin², Minglei Lei³, Shiting Kang¹, Xiaolin Zhang¹

Affiliations

^1.Liaoning Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China

^2.Liaoning Poplar Research Institute, Yingkou 115213, Liaoning, China

^3.Chaoyang Forestry and Grassland Service Center, Chaoyang 122000, Liaoning, China

出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.010

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

揭示蒙古栎Quercus mongolica叶片表型多样性的变异规律及其驱动机制，为蒙古栎种质库构建、适生种源选育及可持续利用提供数据支撑。

【方法】

以我国东北、华北地区55个蒙古栎种源为对象，系统测定叶片13个表型性状。采用嵌套方差分析量化种源间和种源内变异贡献，通过表型分化系数解析遗传分化程度；结合主成分分析（PCA）和UPGMA聚类探究性状分类价值；利用回归模型评估种源地与种植地气候差异（年平均气温、季降水量等）对叶表型的影响。

【结果】

13个性状均存在显著种源差异（P<0.05），变异系数（CV）为18.81%～63.50%，其中叶面积（63.50%）、叶柄长（45.42%）和叶基角（39.86%）变异最显著。表型分化系数平均值为61.99%，种源间方差贡献（57.65%）显著高于种源内（35.09%），表明变异主要来自地理种群分化。相关性分析表明，不同叶性状主要与叶长和叶宽的相关性较高。采用PCA提取3个主成分（累计贡献率66.60%），依次为叶长（PC1载荷0.954）、叶顶角（PC2载荷0.745）和叶基角（PC3载荷0.743）。聚类分析将55个种源分为3类：大叶型（6个）、中叶型（23个）和小叶型（25个），中叶型与小叶型占比90.9%，分类依据为叶片尺寸（叶长、叶宽）及角度特征（叶顶角、叶基角）。种源-种植地气候差异对蒙古栎叶片的6个性状影响显著（P<0.05），但解释率普遍较低（R²<0.17）。

【结论】

叶面积、叶柄长、叶基角、叶周长和叶脉夹角是表型分化的关键指标，叶长、叶顶角和叶基角可作为种质分类的核心依据。蒙古栎叶片表型多样性以种源间遗传分化为主导，表明遗传背景是变异的主因。

关键词

蒙古栎 / 叶片 / 种源 / 表型性状 / 种源间变异

Abstract

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【Objective】

To reveal the variation patterns and driving mechanisms underlying leaf phenotypic diversity in Quercus mongolica and provide a data basis for constructing Quercus mongolica germplasm banks, breed suitable provenances, and to promote sustainable utilization.

【Method】

Thirteen leaf phenotypic traits were systematically measured for 55 Quercus mongolica provenances from northeast and north China. Nested analysis of variance was used to quantify variation contributions among and within provenances; phenotypic differentiation coefficients were employed to analyze the degree of genetic differentiation; principal component analysis (PCA) and UPGMA clustering were combined to explore the classification value of traits; regression models were utilized to evaluate the impact of climatic differences (e.g., annual average temperature, seasonal rainfall) between provenance and planting sites on phenotypes.

【Result】

All 13 traits show significant differences among provenances (P<0.05), with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 18.81% to 63.50%. Among them, leaf area (CV=63.50%), petiole length (45.42%), and leaf base angle (39.86%) exhibit the most significant variations. The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient is 61.99%, and the variance contribution among provenances (57.65%) is significantly higher than that within provenances (35.09%), indicating that variation mainly originates from geographical population differentiation. Correlation analysis shows that different leaf traits are mainly highly correlated with leaf length and leaf width. PCA extracts 3 principal components (cumulative contribution rate 66.60%), with dominant factors being leaf length (PC1 loading 0.954), leaf tip angle (PC2 loading 0.745), and leaf base angle (PC3 loading 0.743) in sequence. Cluster analysis divides the 55 provenances into 3 types: large-leaf type (6 provenances), medium-leaf type (23 provenances), and small-leaf type (25 provenances). The medium-leaf and small-leaf types account for 90.9%, with classification based on leaf size (leaf length, leaf width) and angle characteristics (leaf tip angle, leaf base angle). Climatic differences between provenance and planting sites have significant effects on 6 traits (P<0.05), but the explanatory rates (coefficient of determination, R²) are generally low (<0.17).

【Conclusion】

Leaf phenotypic diversity in Quercus mongolica is dominated by genetic differentiation among provenances. Leaf area, petiole length, leaf base angle, leaf perimeter, and leaf vein angle are key indicators of phenotypic differentiation; leaf length, leaf tip angle, and leaf base angle can serve as core indices for germplasm classification. Climatic factors have a weak impact on traits, indicating that genetic background is the main cause of variation.

Key words

Quercus mongolica / leaf / provenance / phenotypic traits / variation among provenances

引用本文

许诺, 彭儒胜, 尹杰, 雷鸣雷, 亢士婷, 张晓林. 蒙古栎种质资源叶表型多样性分析. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (8) : 100 -109 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.010

Nuo Xu, Rusheng Peng, Jie Yin, Minglei Lei, Shiting Kang, Xiaolin Zhang. Leaf phenotypic diversity analysis of Quercus mongolica germplasm resources[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (8) : 100 -109 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.010

基金

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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200302)

参考文献

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2026年第46卷第8期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.08.010

接收时间：2025-07-28
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-08-25

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收稿日期：2025-07-28
修回日期：2025-10-30

基金

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200302)

作者信息

^1.沈阳农业大学　辽宁省森林培育重点实验室，辽宁　沈阳　110866

^2.辽宁省杨树研究所，辽宁　营口　115213

^3.朝阳市林业和草原事务服务中心，辽宁　朝阳　122000

通讯作者:

张晓林（zxlsyau@syau.edu.cn），副教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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