中南林业科技大学学报

油茶木粘弹性力学表征与树体动力学分析

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罗红 ^a^,^b^,^c , 马帅 ^b^,^c , 张立强 ^a^,^b^,^c^,^d , 谢志杰 ^b^,^c , 李立君 ^a^,^b^,^c , 廖凯 ^a^,^b^,^c , 赵青 ^b^,^c , 李伟嘉 ^b^,^c , 肖诗慧 ^b^,^c

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林业工程 2026,46(7): 193-202

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林业工程 2026 , 46 (7) : 193 -202

油茶木粘弹性力学表征与树体动力学分析

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罗红^a^,^b^,^c, 马帅^b^,^c, 张立强^a^,^b^,^c^,^d, 谢志杰^b^,^c, 李立君^a^,^b^,^c, 廖凯^a^,^b^,^c, 赵青^b^,^c, 李伟嘉^b^,^c, 肖诗慧^b^,^c

作者信息

^a.中南林业科技大学　木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410004

^b.中南林业科技大学　湖南省林业装备工程技术研究中心，湖南　长沙　410004

^c.中南林业科技大学　机械与智能制造学院，湖南　长沙　410004

^d.中南林业科技大学　长沙市特色经济林生产智能装备技术创新中心，湖南　长沙　410004

通讯作者:

廖凯（liaokai102@csuft.edu.cn），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

作者简介:

罗红（luohong2017@hnu.edu.cn），副教授，博士，硕士研究生导师。

Viscoelastic characterization of Camellia oleifera wood and dynamic analysis of whole tree

Hong Luo^a^,^b^,^c, Shuai Ma^b^,^c, Liqiang Zhang^a^,^b^,^c^,^d, Zhijie Xie^b^,^c, Lijun Li^a^,^b^,^c, Kai Liao^a^,^b^,^c, Qing Zhao^b^,^c, Weijia Li^b^,^c, Shihui Xiao^b^,^c

Affiliations

^a.National Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

^b.Engineering Research Center for Forestry Equipment of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

^c.School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

^d.Technology Innovation Center for Characteristic Non-wood Forestry Intelligent Equipment of Changsha City, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.018

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

通过木质粘弹性与树体动力学耦合建模，精确获取振动激励下果实及花苞的动态响应并判断其脱落状态，为油茶果振动采收参数设计提供参考依据。

【方法】

首先，通过压缩蠕变测试获取油茶木试样的蠕变数据，并采用广义Kelvin-Voigt模型对蠕变数据进行拟合，以确定油茶木的粘弹性参数。随后，通过压缩蠕变有限元模拟，对粘弹性参数的预测精度进行校验。在此基础上，进一步构建基于粘弹性本构模型的油茶树体有限元模型，开展模态分析与瞬态动力学分析，以获取树体的模态和特征频率，并计算果实与花苞在振动激励下的惯性力响应，最终依据惯性力响应峰值预测二者的脱落率。

【结果】

1）相较于常规二元、三元模型，广义粘弹性模型能显著提升测试区间内蠕变数据的拟合优度，准确表征油茶木的短期蠕变力学行为（预测精度达99.92%）；2）在特定激振频率下，侧枝振幅远大于主干振幅，该“侧枝主振”模式可作为激振频率的选取依据；3）当以优选频率9.428 Hz进行主干激振（振幅10 mm，激振高度400 mm）时，果实脱落率达93.94%，花苞脱落率仅为6.06%，满足高效低损采收要求。

【结论】

本研究揭示了油茶树在特定频率下的“侧枝主振”现象，阐明了振动激励下果实与花苞的惯性力响应差异，建立了基于惯性力峰值的果实和花苞脱落判据。研究结果为油茶果的高效低损振动采收提供了可量化的参数设计依据。

关键词

油茶木 / 粘弹性 / 压缩蠕变测试 / 动力学分析 / 果实振动采收

Abstract

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【Objective】

To precisely obtain the dynamic responses of fruits and flower buds under vibratory excitation and determine their detachment states through coupled modeling of wood viscoelasticity and tree dynamics, so as to provide reference for the design of vibratory harvesting parameters for Camellia oleifera fruits.

【Method】

Creep data of C. oleifera wood samples were first obtained via compression creep tests, and the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model was employed to fit the creep data to determine the viscoelastic parameters of the wood. Subsequently, finite element simulations of compression creep tests were conducted to verify the predictive accuracy of the identified viscoelastic parameters. On this basis, a finite element model of the C. oleifera tree was further established based on the viscoelastic constitutive model, and both modal analysis and transient dynamic analysis were performed to obtain the modal shapes and natural frequencies of the tree. The inertial force responses of C. oleifera fruits and flower buds under vibratory excitation were then calculated, and finally the detachment rates of the fruits and buds were predicted based on the peak inertial forces.

【Result】

1) Compared with conventional binary and ternary models, the generalized viscoelastic models can significantly enhance the goodness-of-fit for creep data within the testing duration, which enables accurate characterization of the short-term creep mechanical behavior of C. oleifera wood (achieving 99.92% predictive accuracy); 2) At specific excitation frequencies, branch amplitudes far exceed that of the trunk; this “branch-dominated resonance” pattern can serve as a basis for excitation frequency selection; 3) Under trunk excitation at the selected frequency of 9.428 Hz (with a 10 mm amplitude and a 400 mm excitation height), the fruit detachment rate reaches 93.94% and the bud detachment rate remains only 6.06%, meeting the requirements for high-efficiency and low-damage harvesting.

【Conclusion】

This study reveals the “branch-dominant resonance” phenomenon in the C. oleifera tree at specific frequencies, delineates the distinct inertial force responses between fruits and flower buds under vibratory excitation, and establishes detachment criteria based on peak inertial forces. These findings provide a quantifiable parametric design guideline for the efficient and low-damage vibratory harvesting of C. oleifera fruits.

Key words

Camellia oleifera wood / viscoelasticity / compression creep test / dynamic analysis / vibratory fruit harvesting

引用本文

罗红, 马帅, 张立强, 谢志杰, 李立君, 廖凯, 赵青, 李伟嘉, 肖诗慧. 油茶木粘弹性力学表征与树体动力学分析. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (7) : 193 -202 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.018

Hong Luo, Shuai Ma, Liqiang Zhang, Zhijie Xie, Lijun Li, Kai Liao, Qing Zhao, Weijia Li, Shihui Xiao. Viscoelastic characterization of Camellia oleifera wood and dynamic analysis of whole tree[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (7) : 193 -202 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.018

基金

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“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2202100)
中央财政林业科技推广项目(〔2023〕XT23)

参考文献

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2026年第46卷第7期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.07.018

接收时间：2025-09-07
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-07-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-09-07
修回日期：2025-12-15

基金

“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2202100)

中央财政林业科技推广项目(〔2023〕XT23)

作者信息

^a.中南林业科技大学　木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410004

^b.中南林业科技大学　湖南省林业装备工程技术研究中心，湖南　长沙　410004

^c.中南林业科技大学　机械与智能制造学院，湖南　长沙　410004

^d.中南林业科技大学　长沙市特色经济林生产智能装备技术创新中心，湖南　长沙　410004

通讯作者:

廖凯（liaokai102@csuft.edu.cn），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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