中南林业科技大学学报

中国特有濒危植物大果青杄种群结构与动态

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车宗菊 ¹^,² , 张继强 ³ , 王三英 ³ , 芦娟 ³ , 林琳 ³ , 孙学彦 ⁴

中南林业科技大学学报 | 生态学 2026,46(6): 112-120

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中南林业科技大学学报 |生态学 2026 , 46 (6) : 112 -120

中国特有濒危植物大果青杄种群结构与动态

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车宗菊¹^,², 张继强³, 王三英³, 芦娟³, 林琳³, 孙学彦⁴

作者信息

^1.甘肃省白龙江林业科学研究所，甘肃　兰州　730070

^2.甘肃白龙江森林生态系统定位观测研究站，甘肃　舟曲　746300

^3.甘肃省林业科学研究院，甘肃　兰州　730020

^4.舟曲县林业和草原技术综合服务站，甘肃　舟曲　746300

通讯作者:

张继强（258610205@qq.com），正高级工程师。

作者简介:

车宗菊（gszhjq@126.com），高级工程师。

Population structure and dynamics of Picea neoveitchii, a plant endemic endangered in China

Zongju CHE¹^,², Jiqiang ZHANG³, Sanying WANG³, Juan LU³, Lin LIN³, Xueyan SUN⁴

Affiliations

^1.Institute of Forestry Science, Bailong River Forestry Management Bureau of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

^2.Gansu Bailongjiang Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Zhouqu 746300, Gansu, China

^3.Gansu Forestry Science and Technology Research Academy, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China

^4.Zhouqu County Forestry and Grassland Technology Integrated Service Station, Zhouqu 746300, Gansu, China

出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.011

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

探讨濒危植物大果青杄Picea neoveitchii野外种群结构，揭示大果青杄种群的现状及发展趋势，为大果青杄天然种群的维持和保护提供参考依据。

【方法】

对分布于甘肃舟曲和天水2个现存区域的大果青杄种群进行群落调查，采用种群生态学方法，从种群龄级结构、数量动态、生存力等方面进行统计分析，并利用时间序列模型对种群数量结构特征进行预测。

【结果】

1）舟曲种群幼苗和幼树数量相对丰富，年龄结构近似钟形，属于稳定型种群，天水种群呈残存状态，个体数量不足10株，幼苗个体数量稀少，潜在更新能力不足，属于衰退型种群，2个种群均对外界干扰表现出较高的敏感性，抗干扰能力较弱；2）大果青杄种群的存活曲线呈Deevey-Ⅱ型，各龄级个体具有近似的死亡率，种群处于相对稳定状态。存活曲线在第Ⅱ径级和第Ⅵ径级出现2次消亡高峰；3）生存分析函数表明，随着径级的增加，大果青杄种群生存率（S_t）整体呈下降趋势，累计死亡率（F_t）整体呈上升趋势，在Ⅳ径级之后，大果青杄种群的生存率和累计死亡率达到平衡，死亡密度曲线（f_ti）和危险率曲线（λ_ti）的变化趋势基本一致，总体呈上升趋势，在Ⅱ～Ⅳ径级上升幅度有所放缓，在Ⅳ径级之后，增幅较为明显；4）时间序列模型预测结果显示，大果青杄种群在经历未来2、3、4、5、6和7径级后，各径级的个体数总体呈上升趋势，且同一径级经历时间越长个体数增加越明显，在不考虑外界因素的条件下，大果青杄种群为增长型种群，但正常更新难以长期维持。

【结论】

大果青杄种群群落稳定性差，对环境敏感性高，抗外界干扰能力弱。建议将其纳入极小种群保护工程，设立保护小区；增加科研力量的投入，对种群动态进行长期、系统的监测和评估；探索人工改造和干预适用技术的研发，构建符合大果青杄特性的适宜生境；建立大果青杄持续生存的就地保护示范区，开展野外回归关键技术研究与示范。

关键词

大果青杄 / 甘肃 / 自然保护小区 / 种群大小 / 种群

Abstract

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【Objective】

In order to provide a reference for the maintenance and protection of the natural population of Picea neoveitchii, this study discussed the structure and development trend of Picea neoveitchii in the field, revealing the current situation and development trend.

【Method】

This study investigated the population of Picea neoveitchii in two existing areas, Zhouqu and Tianshui, Gansu. Utilizing population ecology methods, statistical analyses are performed on aspects such as the age-class structure, population dynamics, and viability of the populations. Additionally, a time series model was employed to predict the characteristics of the population quantity structure.

【Result】

The results showed that: 1) The population in Zhouqu had a relatively abundant number of seedlings and saplings, with an age structure approximating a bell shape, indicating a stable population. The population in Tianshui was in a remnant state, with fewer than 10 individuals and scarce seedlings, suggesting insufficient potential for regeneration and classifying it as a declining population. Both populations were highly sensitive to external disturbances and had weak anti-disturbance capabilities; 2) The survival curve of the Picea neoveitchii population followed Deevey-Ⅱ, with equal mortality rates at all age groups. The population was in a relatively stable state, and the survival curve showed two peaks of extinction occurring in the Ⅱ and Ⅵ age groups; 3) The survival analysis function indicated that the survival rate (S_t) decreased with increasing age, while the cumulative mortality rate (F_t) increased with increasing age. After diameter class IV, the survival rate of the Picea neoveitchii population balances with its cumulative mortality rate, and the changes in the mortality density curve (f_ti) and hazard rate curve (λ_ti) were basically consistent, showing an overall upward trend, the upward trend slowed down in age groups II to IV, and the increase was more significant after age group IV; 4) The analysis based on the time series prediction model revealed that after undergoing periods of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 diameter classes in the future, the number of individuals across all diameter classes of the Picea neoveitchii population was projected to show an overall upward trend. Moreover, the longer the time span within the same diameter class, the more significant the increase in the number of individuals becomes. The population was a growth population, but normal updates were difficult to maintain in the long term without considering external factors.

【Conclusion】

This study suggested that the population stability of Picea neoveitchii was poor, it was highly sensitive to the environment, and its ability to resist external interference was weak. It is recommended that the species be included in conservation programs for extremely small populations, with protected areas established. Increased investment in scientific research is needed to enable long-term, systematic monitoring and evaluation of population dynamics. Explore the research and development of artificially modified and intervention-applicable technologies to construct suitable habitats that align with the characteristics of Picea neoveitchii; establish in-situ conservation demonstration zones and conduct research and demonstration of key techniques for wild reintroduction.

Key words

Picea neoveitchii / Gansu Province / small nature reserve / population size / population

引用本文

车宗菊, 张继强, 王三英, 芦娟, 林琳, 孙学彦. 中国特有濒危植物大果青杄种群结构与动态. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (6) : 112 -120 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.011

Zongju CHE, Jiqiang ZHANG, Sanying WANG, Juan LU, Lin LIN, Xueyan SUN. Population structure and dynamics of Picea neoveitchii, a plant endemic endangered in China[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (6) : 112 -120 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.011

基金

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中央财政林业和草原项目(甘林规发〔2025〕543号)
甘肃省林业和草原局自列科技计划项目(2024kj020)
甘肃省级财政林业草原科技创新项目(KJCX202407)

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文献

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2026年第46卷第6期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.06.011

接收时间：2025-02-11
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-06-25

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文章信息

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-02-11
修回日期：2025-05-28

基金

中央财政林业和草原项目(甘林规发〔2025〕543号)

甘肃省林业和草原局自列科技计划项目(2024kj020)

甘肃省级财政林业草原科技创新项目(KJCX202407)

作者信息

^1.甘肃省白龙江林业科学研究所，甘肃　兰州　730070

^2.甘肃白龙江森林生态系统定位观测研究站，甘肃　舟曲　746300

^3.甘肃省林业科学研究院，甘肃　兰州　730020

^4.舟曲县林业和草原技术综合服务站，甘肃　舟曲　746300

通讯作者:

张继强（258610205@qq.com），正高级工程师。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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