中南林业科技大学学报

不同基质改良下6种木本植物对黄金尾矿渣的耐性比较

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谭平 ¹ , 柳俊 ¹ , 杨杭 ¹ , 刘志宏 ² , 陈永华 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 生态学 2026,46(5): 127-136

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中南林业科技大学学报 |生态学 2026 , 46 (5) : 127 -136

不同基质改良下6种木本植物对黄金尾矿渣的耐性比较

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谭平¹, 柳俊¹, 杨杭¹, 刘志宏², 陈永华¹

作者信息

^1.中南林业科技大学　生态环境学院，湖南　长沙　410004

^2.衡阳市林业局，湖南　衡阳　421000

通讯作者:

柳俊（1071378471@qq.com），实验师，硕士

陈永华（chenyonghua3333@163.com），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

作者简介:

谭平（769449794@qq.com），硕士研究生。

Comparison of tolerance to gold tailings slag among six woody plant species under different substrate improvements

Ping TAN¹, Jun LIU¹, Hang YANG¹, Zhihong LIU², Yonghua CHEN¹

Affiliations

^1.School of Ecology and Environment, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

^2.Hengyang Forestry Bureau, Hengyang 421000, Hunan, China

出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.013

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

研究蘑菇渣添加对黄金尾矿基质改良效果及其对植物生长状况的影响，并筛选出对黄金尾矿具有良好适应性和耐性的植物品种。

【方法】

针对黄金尾矿存在养分极度匮乏、保水保肥能力差、物理结构欠佳、重金属过量累积、现有修复植物以草本为主等问题，选取栾树Koelreuteria paniculata、夹竹桃Nerium oleander、泡桐Paulownia fortunei、火炬树Rhus typhina、欧洲丁香Syringa vulgaris、银叶金合欢Acacia podalyriifolia为供试植物，以蘑菇渣（SMC）为改良剂，比较100%黄金矿渣（CK）、90%矿渣+10%蘑菇渣（S1）和80%矿渣+20%蘑菇渣（S2）3种基质的理化性质，以及植物在不同基质中的生理生化特征与重金属吸收、转运差异。

【结果】

1）尾矿土壤中加入蘑菇渣后，含水率提升了4.21～16.53个百分点，总孔隙度提高了12.39～25.44个百分点，有机质含量和阳离子交换量分别较对照提升了66.55%～100.35%和36.71%～63.24%。2）与对照组比较，改良组植物在长势、生物量、株高增量、叶绿素含量、重金属吸收量及转运系数上整体表现更优；但在改良组内部，不同植物种类的表现呈现出差异性。3）总体来看，泡桐、夹竹桃与栾树展现出较强的重金属耐受能力，尤其是夹竹桃，其S2处理下综合表现最优，运用TOPSIS综合评价法对各生理生化指标进行综合评估，获得了最高的评分。

【结论】

蘑菇渣的添加可改良尾矿土壤孔隙结构，改善透水通气条件，有效提升土壤肥力。改良组植物的生长发育情况普遍要优于对照组。综合各生长与生理指标，夹竹桃在S2处理（80%矿渣+20%蘑菇渣）下表现最优，可作为改良黄金尾矿的优势修复植物。

关键词

黄金尾矿 / 蘑菇渣 / 植物修复 / 耐性木本植物筛选

Abstract

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【Objective】

To investigate the effects of mushroom residue (SMC) addition on the improvement of gold tailings substrate and plant growth, and to screen plant species with good adaptability and tolerance to gold tailings.

【Method】

In view of the problems existing in gold tailings, such as extreme nutrient deficiency, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, unsatisfactory physical structure, excessive accumulation of heavy metals, and the dominance of herbs in existing remediation plants, Koelreuteria paniculata, Nerium oleander, Paulownia fortunei, Rhus typhina, Syringa vulgaris and Acacia podalyriifolia were selected as test plants, and mushroom residue (SMC) was used as the amendment. The physical and chemical properties of three substrates (100% gold tailings as control (CK), 90% tailings + 10% SMC (S1), 80% tailings + 20% SMC (S2)), as well as the differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics, heavy metal uptake and translocation of plants in different substrates were compared.

【Result】

1) After adding SMC to tailings, the water content increased by 4.21-16.53 percentage points, total porosity increased by 12.39-25.44 percentage points, and organic matter content and cation exchange capacity increased by 66.55%-100.35% and 36.71%-63.24% respectively compared with the control.; 2) Compared with the control group, plants in the amended groups showed better overall performance in growth vigor, biomass, height increment, chlorophyll content, heavy metal uptake and translocation factor; however, there were interspecific differences among plant species within the amended groups; 3) Overall, Paulownia fortunei, Nerium oleander and Koelreuteria paniculata exhibited strong heavy metal tolerance, especially Nerium oleander, which had the best comprehensive performance under S2 treatment. The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method was used to comprehensively assess various physiological and biochemical indicators, and it obtained the highest score.

【Conclusion】

The addition of SMC makes the tailings structure looser and more porous, enhances water permeability and aeration, and effectively improves soil fertility. The growth and development of plants in the amended groups are generally better than those in the control group. Based on comprehensive growth and physiological indicators, Nerium oleander performs the best under S2 treatment (80% tailings + 20% SMC), and can be used as a dominant remediation plant for improved gold tailings.

Key words

gold tailings / mushroom residue / phytoremediation / screening of tolerant woody plants

引用本文

谭平, 柳俊, 杨杭, 刘志宏, 陈永华. 不同基质改良下6种木本植物对黄金尾矿渣的耐性比较. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (5) : 127 -136 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.013

Ping TAN, Jun LIU, Hang YANG, Zhihong LIU, Yonghua CHEN. Comparison of tolerance to gold tailings slag among six woody plant species under different substrate improvements[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (5) : 127 -136 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.013

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(52000183)
湖南省生态环境厅环保科研项目(HBKT-2021029)

参考文献

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2026年第46卷第5期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.013

接收时间：2025-03-03
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-05-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-03-03
修回日期：2025-04-28

基金

国家自然科学基金项目(52000183)

湖南省生态环境厅环保科研项目(HBKT-2021029)

作者信息

^1.中南林业科技大学　生态环境学院，湖南　长沙　410004

^2.衡阳市林业局，湖南　衡阳　421000

通讯作者:

柳俊（1071378471@qq.com），实验师，硕士

陈永华（chenyonghua3333@163.com），教授，博士，博士研究生导师。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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