中南林业科技大学学报

南亚热带植被恢复树种选择及植物多样性变化

PDF下载

王明怀 ¹ , 张谦 ¹ , 连辉明 ¹ , 何波祥 ¹ , 钟泳林 ¹ , 钟雨庭 ² , 尧俊 ¹ , 李兵 ¹ , 陈杰连 ¹ , 蔡燕灵 ¹

中南林业科技大学学报 | 生态学 2026,46(5): 101-113

收起

中南林业科技大学学报 |生态学 2026 , 46 (5) : 101 -113

南亚热带植被恢复树种选择及植物多样性变化

全屏

王明怀¹, 张谦¹, 连辉明¹, 何波祥¹, 钟泳林¹, 钟雨庭², 尧俊¹, 李兵¹, 陈杰连¹, 蔡燕灵¹

作者信息

^1.广东省林业科学研究院　广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室，广东　广州　510520

^2.紫金县林业技术推广站（紫金县林业科学研究所），广东　紫金　517499

通讯作者:

蔡燕灵（caiyl@sinogaf.cn），研究员，硕士。

作者简介:

王明怀（1073526066@qq.com），研究员。

Tree species selection and plant diversity changes in vegetation restoration in the subtropical region of south China

Minghuai WANG¹, Qian ZHANG¹, Huiming LIAN¹, Boxiang HE¹, Yonglin ZHONG¹, Yuting ZHONG², Jun YAO¹, Bing LI¹, Jielian CHEN¹, Yanling CAI¹

Affiliations

^1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/ Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China

^2.Zijin County Forestry Technology Extension Station (Zijin County Forestry Science Research Institute), Zijin 517499, Guangdong, China

出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.011

文章导航

摘要

收起

【目的】

系统分析我国南亚热带植被恢复过程中，不同树种配置模式下各类树种的适应性、生长状况，以及植物多样性，为深入理解南亚热带植被重建与恢复进程中的群落演替机制、科学开展树种选择与优化配置提供理论依据和实践支撑。

【方法】

引入多类适宜树种，配置了树种选择模式（树种配置Ⅰ）、多树种混交兼珍贵树种模式（树种配置Ⅱ）、针阔叶树混交模式（树种配置Ⅲ），以及种植枫香Liquidambar formosana、木荷Schima superba 2个树种的对照模式（CK）共4种，设立固定样地，于2012年（造林前）、2016年（造林4 a后）、2024年（造林12 a后）开展持续性植物群落调查，全面记录植被生长状况、物种组成及群落结构变化。

【结果】

1）经过人工造林近12 a的植被恢复，初期种植的63个树种中最终保留35个，其中保存率高、适应较好的树种有楠木Phoebe zhennan、土沉香Aquilaria sinensis、火力楠Michelia macclurei等17个；所有保留树种中，生长速度最快的为马尾松Pinus massoniana，平均树高、胸径分别为8.7 m、17.1 cm；以马尾松为主的树种配置Ⅲ（针阔混交林）表现突出，其种植树种的胸高断面积是对照模式（CK）的5.2倍，种植树种的平均树高（7.4 m）、平均胸径（12.6 cm）均显著高于其他几种配置模式。2）植被恢复试验后12 a，物种组成丰富，其中木本植物77种，草灌木30种。马尾松的重要值最大，为48.89，在群落中占据绝对优势，是该群落的优势种和建群种，其次为木荷、红锥Castanopsis hystrix等树种。野生树种中，重要值最大的为桃金娘Rhodomyrtus tomentosa（21.60），其次为湿地松Pinus elliottii、黄牛木Cratoxylum cochinchinense等树种；草灌层植物组成中，芒萁Dicranopteris dichotoma占全部灌草重要值的78.0%。3）乔木树种的Simpson多样性指数（D）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）、均匀度指数（J）分别为0.942 9、4.841 1、1.121 3，草灌为0.154 5、0.706 8、0.207 8，整体呈现出较高的植物多样性水平。

【结论】

在南亚热带植被恢复的树种选用过程中，需慎重选用园林树种和外引树种，若经济树种用于植被恢复且与其他树种随机混交而不经营，难以实现预期的经济收益目标。针对退化较严重的生态系统，植被恢复过程中选用先锋树种马尾松，同时混交乡土阔叶树种，可以快速推进植被重建与恢复进程。植被恢复12 a后，初步形成了物种丰富、结构稳定的乔灌草森林群落。

关键词

南亚热带 / 植被恢复 / 树种选择 / 植物多样性 / 树种配置

Abstract

收起

【Objective】

This study systematically analyzed the adaptability, growth performance, and plant diversity of different tree species allocation modes during vegetation restoration in China's south subtropical region. The findings aim to provide a theoretical basis and practical support for understanding community succession mechanisms in vegetation reconstruction and restoration, and for scientifically guiding tree species selection and optimal allocation.

【Method】

Multiple suitable tree species were introduced to establish four allocation modes: species selection mode (Tree allocation I), multi-species mixed forest with precious tree species (Tree allocation II), conifer-broadleaf mixed forest (Tree allocation III), and a control mode (CK) planted with Liquidambar formosana and Schima superba. Permanent plots were established, and continuous vegetation surveys were conducted in 2012 (pre-afforestation), 2016 (4 years after afforestation), and 2024 (12 years after afforestation), comprehensively recording vegetation growth, species composition, and community structure changes.

【Result】

1) After nearly 12 years of vegetation restoration, 35 of the 63 initially planted tree species survived. Among them, 17 species, including Phoebe zhennan, Aquilaria sinensis, and Michelia macclurei, exhibited high survival rates and good adaptability. Among all surviving species, Pinus massoniana showed the fastest growth, with an average height of 8.7 m and average DBH of 17.1 cm. Tree Allocation III (conifer-broadleaf mixed forest), dominated by P. massoniana, performed outstandingly, with the basal area of planted trees being 5.2 times that of the control mode (CK), and the average tree height (7.4 m) and average DBH (12.6 cm) significantly higher than those of other allocation modes. 2) After 12 years of restoration, species composition was rich, including 77 woody plant species and 30 herb and shrub species. P. massoniana had the highest importance value (48.89), indicating its absolute dominance in the community as the dominant and constructive species, followed by S. superba, Castanopsis hystrix, and others. Among wild tree species, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa had the highest importance value (21.60), followed by Pinus elliottii, Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and others. In the herb-shrub layer, Dicranopteris dichotoma accounted for 78.0% of the total importance value of shrubs and herbs. 3) The Simpson diversity index (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′), and evenness index (J) for tree species were 0.942 9, 4.841 1, and 1.121 3, respectively, while for herbaceous species they were 0.154 5, 0.706 8, and 0.207 8, indicating a relatively high level of plant diversity.

【Conclusion】

In the selection of tree species for vegetation restoration in south subtropical regions, garden species and introduced species should be used with caution. If economic tree species are randomly mixed with other species for restoration without proper management, expected economic returns are unlikely to be achieved. For severely degraded ecosystems, selecting the pioneer species P. massoniana and mixing it with native broadleaf species can effectively accelerate vegetation reconstruction and restoration. After 12 years of restoration, a species-rich and structurally stable forest community of trees, shrubs, and herbs has initially formed.

Key words

subtropical region of south China / vegetation restoration / tree species selection / plant diversity / tree species configuration

引用本文

王明怀, 张谦, 连辉明, 何波祥, 钟泳林, 钟雨庭, 尧俊, 李兵, 陈杰连, 蔡燕灵. 南亚热带植被恢复树种选择及植物多样性变化. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (5) : 101 -113 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.011

Minghuai WANG, Qian ZHANG, Huiming LIAN, Boxiang HE, Yonglin ZHONG, Yuting ZHONG, Jun YAO, Bing LI, Jielian CHEN, Yanling CAI. Tree species selection and plant diversity changes in vegetation restoration in the subtropical region of south China[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (5) : 101 -113 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.011

基金

收起

广东省林业科技创新项目(2022KJCX022; 2024KJCX017; 2023KJCX019)

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

[1]

彭少麟. 中国南亚热带退化生态系统的恢复及其生态效应[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 1995, 1(4): 403-414.

PENG

S L

. Rehabilitation of the degraded ecosystem and its ecological effect in south China's subtropical region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 1995, 1(4): 403-414.

[2]

彭少麟. 恢复生态学研究进展及在中国热带亚热带的实践[J]. 四川师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2000, 21(3): 221-227.

PENG

S L

. The advance on restoration ecology and its application in tropical and subtropical China[J]. Journal of Sichuan Teachers College (Natural Science), 2000, 21(3): 221-227.

[3]

温远光. 常绿阔叶林退化生态系统恢复过程物种多样性的发展趋势与速率[J]. 广西农业大学学报, 1998, 17(2): 93-106.

WEN

Y G

. Restorative tend and rate of the species diversity of recovering process in degraded ecosystem of evergreen broad-leaved forest[J]. Journal of Guangxi Agricultural University, 1998, 17(2): 93-106.

[4]

郭文月, 沈文星. 森林植物物种多样性价值形成机理及评价方法[J]. 世界林业研究, 2020, 33(4): 118-122.

GUO

W Y

, SHEN

W X

. Value formation mechanism and evaluation method of forest plant species diversity[J]. World Forestry Research, 2020, 33(4): 118-122.

[5]

习杰, 吴泽华, 林强, 等. 不同植被恢复措施对红壤区马尾松侵蚀退化地土壤崩解特性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024, 38(6): 35-43, 53.

, WU

Z H

, LIN

, et al. Effects of different vegetation restoration measures on the disintegration characteristics of eroded degraded land of Pinus massoniana in red soil region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2024, 38(6): 35-43, 53.

[6]

樊荣, 徐含锋, 李超, 等. 亚热带林地恢复过程的植物多样性与水分利用效率变化[J]. 地理研究, 2024, 43(3): 776-790.

FAN

, XU

H F

, LI

, et al. Changes in plant diversity and water use efficiency during the restoration process of subtropical forests[J]. Geographical Research, 2024, 43(3): 776-790.

[7]

JACTEL

, BAUHUS

, BOBERG

, et al. Tree diversity drives forest stand resistance to natural disturbances[J]. Current Forestry Reports, 2017, 3: 223-243.

[8]

FICHTNER

, SCHNABEL

, BRUELHEIDE

, et al. Neighbourhood diversity mitigates drought impacts on tree growth[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2020, 108: 865-875.

[9]

PARDOS

, DEL RÍO

, PRETZSCH

, et al. The greater resilience of mixed forests to drought mainly depends on their composition: analysis along a climate gradient across Europe[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 481: 118687.

[10]

CAO

, LIU

H Y

, ZHAO

, et al. Mixed forest suffered less drought stress than pure forest in southern Siberia[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2022, 325: 109137.

[11]

LIANG

J J

, CROWTHER

T W

, PICARD

, et al. Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests[J]. Science, 2016, 354: aaf8957.

[12]

BARBEITO

, DASSOT

, BAYER

, et al. Terrestrial laser scanning reveals differences in crown structure of Fagus sylvatica in mixed vs. pure European forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2017, 405: 381-390.

[13]

GAMFELDT

, SNÄLL

, BAGCHI

, et al. Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 4: 1340.

[14]

DAI

E F

, ZHU

J J

, WANG

X L

, et al. Multiple ecosystem services of monoculture and mixed plantations: a case study of the Huitong experimental forest of southern China[J]. Land Use Policy, 2018, 79: 717-724.

[15]

CALAMA

, DE-DIOS-GARCÍA

, DEL RÍO

, et al. Mixture mitigates the effect of climate change on the provision of relevant ecosystem services in managed Pinus pinea L. forests[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 481: 118782.

[16]

李跃林, 彭少麟, 戴智明, 等. 鹤山重建植被的几种优势种叶解剖学研究[J]. 生态科学, 2002, 21(1): 41-44.

Y L

, PENG

S L

, DAI

Z M

, et al. Study on leaf anatomical characteristics of dominant species of rehabilitation vegetation in Heshan[J]. Ecologic Science, 2002, 21(1): 41-44.

[17]

彭少麟. 南亚热带森林群落动态学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.

PENG

S L

. Dynamics of forest community in south subtropical zone[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1996.

[18]

周诗祺, 吴洁玲, 吴泽华, 等. 不同植被恢复模式下退化红壤团聚体特征及土壤分离速率的差异[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(3): 868-876.

ZHOU

S Q

, WU

J L

, WU

Z H

, et al. Differences in soil aggregates characteristics and soil detachment rate in degraded red soil among different vegetation restoration modes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(3): 868-876.

[19]

李金凤, 王晖, 尤业明, 等. 南亚热带人工林树种配置对根际土壤生物有效磷的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(6): 1492-1500.

J F

, WANG

, YOU

Y M

, et al. Effects of tree species assembly on bioavailable P components in rhizosphere soil of southern subtropical plantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(6): 1492-1500.

[20]

盘李军, 王明怀, 冼干标, 等. 云勇生态公益林树种选择及配置研究初报[J]. 广东林业科技, 2013, 29(5): 1-6.

PAN

L J

, WANG

M H

, XIAN

G B

, et al. Preliminary study about tree selection and configuration of Yunyong ecological forest[J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology, 2013, 29(5): 1-6.

[21]

方怡然, 李洁, 薛立. 不同林分改造模式对加勒比松林林下植物多样性和土壤物理性质的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2018, 38(6): 109-114.

FANG

Y R

, LI

, XUE

. Impact of stand transformation on plant diversity and soil physical properties in Pinus caribaea stands[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2018, 38(6): 109-114.

[22]

黄钰辉, 张卫强, 甘先华, 等. 南亚热带杉木林分改造中不同树种组合模式评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2016, 25(6): 956-964.

HUANG

Y H

, ZHANG

W Q

, GAN

X H

, et al. Evaluation of different tree species composition patterns in stand conversion of Cunninghamia lanceolata in southern subtropical region of China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25(6): 956-964.

[23]

黄章平, 汪迎利, 邱智雄, 等. 马尾松林分间伐套种质量提升研究[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2018, 34(4): 110-114.

HUANG

Z P

, WANG

Y L

, QIU

Z X

, et al. Quality improvement of mixed thinned masson pine forest[J]. Forestry and Environmental Science, 2018, 34(4): 110-114.

[24]

李俊清, 牛树奎, 刘艳红. 森林生态学[M]. 3版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2017.

J Q

, NIU

S K

, LIU

Y H

. Forest ecology[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2017.

[25]

马克平, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ: α多样性的测度方法(下)[J]. 生物多样性, 1994, 2(4): 231-239.

K P

, LIU

Y M

. Methods for measuring biodiversityⅠ: methods for measuring α-diversity[J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 1994, 2(4): 231-239.

[26]

贾贞妮, 张意岑, 杜彦君, 等. 干扰对中亚热带森林群落物种多样性演替动态的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 14-26.

JIA

Z N

, ZHANG

Y C

, DU

Y J

, et al. Influences of disturbances on successional dynamics of species diversity in mid-subtropical forests[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2025, 33(2): 14-26.

[27]

PEET

R K

. The measurement of species diversity[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1974, 5: 285-307.

[28]

HURLBERT

S H

. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters[J]. Ecology, 1971, 52(4): 577-586.

[29]

楼崇, 刘安兴, 祝国民. 南方生态公益林经营模式的研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 31(2): 97-100.

LOU

, LIU

A X

, ZHU

G M

. Research of theories on management patterns of ecological public welfare forest in the south of China[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2007, 31(2): 97-100.

[30]

陈婵, 朱小叶, 陈金磊, 等. 亚热带不同植被恢复阶段生态系统N、P储量的垂直分配格局[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(4): 1393-1409.

CHEN

, ZHU

X Y

, CHEN

J L

, et al. Vertical distribution pattern of N and P storage of ecosystem at different vegetation restoration periods in the subtropical region of China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(4): 1393-1409.

[31]

刘政, 索沛蘅, 轩寒风, 等. 南方红壤侵蚀区马尾松林植被恢复对土壤氮有效性和微生物量碳、氮季节动态的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2025, 45(5): 2094-2103.

LIU

, SUO

P H

, XUAN

H F

, et al. Seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen availability and microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen along restoration ages of Pinus massoniana plantations in red soils erosion region at southern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2025, 45(5): 2094-2103.

[32]

赵晴, 张姣, 贺利平, 等. 田头山市级自然保护区桉树林皆伐改造树种配置模式综合评价[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2025, 41(1): 94-104.

ZHAO

, ZHANG

, HE

L P

, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of different tree species configuration modes in clear-cutting and transformation Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in Tiantoushan municipal natural reserve[J]. Forestry and Environmental Science, 2025, 41(1): 94-104.

[33]

胡厚臻, 崔之益, 李小飞, 等. 珍贵树种林窗化改造低效杉木林效果分析[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2025, 45(2): 61-70.

H Z

, CUI

Z Y

, LI

X F

, et al. Effect analysis of gap creation on regenerating low-efficiency Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with precious tree species[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2025, 45(2): 61-70.

[34]

罗毓明, 谭向平, 邹晓君, 等. 我国南方4种常见人工林林下植物多样性特征及影响因素[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2022, 30(1): 1-10.

LUO

Y M

, TAN

X P

, ZOU

X J

, et al. Understory plant diversity characteristics and influencing factors of four common plantations in south China[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2022, 30(1): 1-10.

[35]

刘利杰, 李季衡, 陈岸军, 等. 林分类型和密度对增城林场人工林林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2023, 43(9): 89-96.

LIU

L J

, LI

J H

, CHEN

A J

, et al. Effects of understory plant diversity on stand type and density in Zengcheng forest farm[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2023, 43(9): 89-96.

[36]

李日红. 鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的基本结构和特征[J]. 中山大学学报论丛, 2001, 21(3): 31-35.

R H

. Basic structure and characteristics of the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan[J]. Supplement to the Journal of Sun Yatsen University, 2001, 21(3): 31-35.

[37]

廖智毅, 王敏, 朱珏, 等. 生物多样性对牧草生产力、营养成分和氮循环的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(增刊1): 243-249.

LIAO

Z Y

, WANG

, ZHU

, et al. Effect of forage diversity on productivity, forage chemical composition and soil nitrogen profile[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2010, 25(Suppl. 1): 243-249.

2026年第46卷第5期

PDF下载

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.011

接收时间：2025-08-21
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-05-25

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2025-08-21
修回日期：2025-10-09

基金

广东省林业科技创新项目(2022KJCX022; 2024KJCX017; 2023KJCX019)

作者信息

^1.广东省林业科学研究院　广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室，广东　广州　510520

^2.紫金县林业技术推广站（紫金县林业科学研究所），广东　紫金　517499

通讯作者:

蔡燕灵（caiyl@sinogaf.cn），研究员，硕士。

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/znlykj/CN/10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.011

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT